Discussion, Consideration, and Possible Action to Adopt a Resolution to Approve the Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (RWFA) Prepared by GHD Inc

City of Sonoma

Agenda Item Summary Meeting: City Council - Mar 05 2018

Department Staff Contact Public Works Colleen Ferguson, Public Works Director/City Engineer

Agenda Item Title

Discussion, Consideration, and Possible Action to Adopt a Resolution to Approve the Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (RWFA) Prepared by GHD Inc.

Summary

Water Recycling

Water is continually recycled in nature through the water cycle. Modern wastewater treatment replicates the natural recycling process to restore large quantities of water quickly and effectively. In Sonoma, water from sinks, toilets, and indoor plumbing travels through pipes to the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD) wastewater treatment facility, where it is treated to remove bacteria and pollutants. Tertiary-treated recycled water undergoes extensive testing to ensure it meets the strict standards set by the State of California. In Sonoma Valley, recycled water is used to irrigate more than 2,000 acres of premium grapes in the Carneros appellation. Recycled water is also used for irrigation of dairy fodder crops. In other areas, recycled water is mainly used for irrigation of crops and large landscaped areas such as golf courses, athletic fields, commercial and industrial parks, and cemeteries. Recycled water is transported through a system of purple pipes, completely separate from drinking water and wastewater systems.

Previous Reports and Analysis

In 2005, the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA) prepared a Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study on behalf of SVCSD, the Valley of the Moon Water District (VOMWD), and the City, and in consultation with the Sonoma Ecology Center, to evaluate the feasibility of recycled water use in Sonoma Valley. The study was organized into the following sections: Engineering Evaluation, Environmental Review, and a Financial/Economic Evaluation. This study led to the conclusion that expanding the use of recycled water in Sonoma Valley could result in: “reduced discharges to waters of the United States; reduction of peak potable water demands on the VOMWD and the City’s distribution systems including Russian River and groundwater supplies; and potential reduction of groundwater pumping for agricultural and private municipal purposes.” The Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study can be accessed in three parts here: https://www.sonomacity.org/documents/sonoma-valley- recycled-water-feasibility-study-2005-part-1/, https://www.sonomacity.org/documents/sonoma-valley-recycled-water-feasibility-study-2005- part-2/, and https://www.sonomacity.org/documents/sonoma-valley-recycled-water-feasibility- study-2005-part-3/.

In 2006, the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD) prepared an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) for the Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project. The purpose of this project is to reduce the discharge of treated wastewater to the waters of the United States and provide a reliable source of water to meet the current and future needs of users located in the Sonoma Valley by offsetting current potable water supplies with recycled water. The proposed project includes several pipeline alignments that can be seen on Figure 2 in the attached Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis.

Then, in 2009, the SVCSD, as part of the North Bay Water Reuse Authority (NBWRA), prepared the North Bay Water Recycling Program EIR/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The 2009 EIR/EIS incorporates the 2006 EIR by reference. The North Bay Water Recycling Program EIR/EIS can be accessed here: http://www.nbwra.org/reports- documents/final-environmental-impact-report-eir-environmental-impact-statement-eis-2011/. Also in 2009, the SVCSD prepared the Recycled Water Financial/Economic Analysis that included the use of recycled water for irrigation at select City parks. The SVCSD Financial Analysis can be accessed here: https://www.sonomacity.org/documents/sonoma-valley- recycled-water-financial-economic-analysis-2009/.

In 2016, the City adopted an updated Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) to evaluate whether the City can meet the water demands of its water customers as projected over a 25- year planning horizon. The UWMP can be accessed here at the City’s website: https://www.sonomacity.org/documents/2015-urban-water-management-plan. The UWMP includes a section describing the potential recycled water uses. The plan states: “the City recognizes that recycled water will help increase the reliability of their water supply by offsetting groundwater pumping particularly in the southern end of Sonoma Valley. The City also recognizes the benefit of expanded recycled water use to offset agricultural pumping in the southern portion of the Sonoma Valley in terms of increasing the reliability of their groundwater supplies. Accordingly, the City is collaborating with the SVCSD to increase recycled water use for agricultural and other purposes that results in reduced groundwater pumping… Extension of recycled water pipelines to the City’s services area is anticipated to be a later phase of a regional project, taking time and considerable outside funding to bring a recycled water system to the City’s service area.” The UWMP includes a projected water supply of 55 acre-feet per year of recycled water, the amount expected to be used in the future at Sonoma Valley High School, Adele Harrison Middle School, and Sonoma Valley Oaks Park. The UWMD Supply and Demand Assessment states that the City’s combined projected water supplies are sufficient to meet projected demands during normal and multiple- year conditions.

Construction Status of Recycled Water Infrastructure

In 2012, the SVCSD completed construction of 1) a recycled water storage reservoir to the north of the SVCSD’s existing wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) located along Eighth Street East, and 2) a recycled water pipeline extending north from storage reservoir to Watmaugh Road near Shainsky Road. Then, in 2017, the SVCSD completed construction of the Fifth Street East Recycled Water Pipeline Project. The project included the construction of a recycled water pipeline that would send water from the SVCSD WWTF to Sonoma Valley High School and Adele Harrison Middle School. The recycled water is intended to help irrigate the playing fields at each school, thereby offsetting potable water used for irrigation. The pipeline route begins at Watmaugh and Shainsky roads, proceeds east to Fifth Street East, and then extends north for approximately a mile to Denmark Street. A short pipeline also extends from Denmark Street west along Engler Street, which was constructed for bringing recycled water for irrigation at the City’s Sonoma Valley Oaks Park in the future. The SVCSD also recently completed construction of a recycled water pumping and piping upgrades project at the recycled water storage reservoir.

Current Recycled Water Supply

Recycled water produced at the facilities maintained by the SVCSD generally meets the requirements for disinfected tertiary recycled water. However, even with the high quality of recycled water produced by SVCSD, there are many requirements for the use of recycled water for irrigation (see Appendix B [Recycled Water Use Requirements] to the attached RWFA). Because modifications are needed to comply with these requirements, recycled water is not currently being used at the schools or at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park. A representative from the School District has stated they are currently in the process of preparing a master plan for their athletic fields, and they expect it to be several years until they are able to use recycled water for irrigation. The City would need to provide funding, prepare the design, and construct modifications to the irrigation system at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park to start using recycled water at that location.

The SVCSD also provides recycled water to a limited number of agricultural users, all of which are located at the southern end of the Sonoma Valley in the Carneros Region. The existing agricultural users are comprised of vineyards, dairies and pastureland. During May to October, the recycled water usage ranges from 1,000 to 1,200 AFY. Use of recycled water to meet agricultural water demand has the potential to offset use of private well water and local creek water.

Planning to date by the SVCSD and the City has identified the potential for additional recycled water use in the City at the Plaza, Arnold Field, Depot Park, Veterans Cemetery, Field of Dreams, Armstrong Park, the Patch, and other landscaped areas within proximity to an extension of the recycled water pipeline. Irrigation demand for these areas was estimated to be between 64 AFY and 76 AFY. SVCSD has stated they could provide the City an additional amount of recycled water to meet this demand.

Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis

As part of the City Council’s goals in FY 15/16 and 16/17, the City Council set an initiative to explore opportunities to expand recycled water program/projects. The City retained GHD Inc. to prepare the City’s Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (RWFA) to 1) identify a preferred alignment to extend recycled water to the northern portion of the City, and 2) determine whether the current costs of construction and ongoing operation of a recycled water system to the northern portion of the City exceeds the benefits. This project was initiated during Fiscal Year 2016/17 to support the City Council’s Water Goal by exploring options for City uses related to recycled water. This was prepared as a technical feasibility analysis that can serve as a roadmap to recycled water in the future.

Ultimately, the RWFA 1) identifies a preferred alignment for a future recycled water system for irrigation of the Plaza, Arnold Field, Depot Park, Veterans Cemetery, Field of Dreams, Armstrong Park, the Patch, and other landscaped areas, and 2) concludes that the cost of providing recycled water for irrigation of additional landscape areas within the City exceeds the benefits at this time. Additional use of recycled water for irrigation within the City would result in less availability of recycled water for agricultural use, and would require major expenditures for construction and for ongoing operation of the recycled water system.

The RWFA focused on the cost to construct a recycled water pipeline as an extension from the intersection of Fifth Street East and Denmark Street to the north towards the potential recycled water users in the northern portion of the City, including Sonoma Plaza Park and Depot Park. Several potential alignments and sub-alternatives for the likely alignment are described in the RWFA, with the intent to note potential alternative routes for future study or design considerations as needed. The Preferred Alignment is shown in Appendix A (Preferred Alignment and Alternatives) to the RWFA attached.

The RWFA identifies the Preferred Alignment due to constructability and associated costs. According to the Recycled Water Use Agreement between SVCSD and the City (see attached), the City may purchase recycled water for $700 per acre foot (AF) from the SVCSD. This was confirmed in January 2018 through a verbal conversation between City staff and a representative from the SVCSD. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of the recycled water project are $8.56 million. If the capital costs are spread out over 40 years, and the pipeline delivers the expected demand, the total cost per AF of recycled water would be $3,516. This is over 370% of the cost of currently available potable water, which can be purchased for $945 per AF. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of a recycled water project would only get a recycled water supply line to the sites. Additional capital costs would be incurred to reconfigure existing onsite water systems to comply with the requirements for use of recycled water in urban areas (see Appendix B [Recycled Water Use Requirements] to the attached RWFA). In addition to the high capital costs, the City’s operation and maintenance costs would increase due to the need to comply with regulations regarding the use of recycled water.

A comparison of the basic costs for recycled water versus potable water is summarized in the table below.

Table 1 – Comparison of Recycled Water and Potable Water Purchase Cost of SVCSD Recycled Cost of SCWA Potable Water (dollars per AF) Water (dollars per AF) Water Purchase $700 $945 New Infrastructure $2,816 Existing Total $3,516 $945

This RWFA is a planning document and investment tool that has created a roadmap to bringing additional recycled water to the City. Although the RWFA concludes the cost of providing recycled water for irrigation of additional landscape areas within the City exceeds the benefits at this time, the cost/benefit analysis is a valuable resource that can be readily updated in the future and used as a resource document if appropriate regional, state, or federal grant opportunities become available.

City staff supports the approval of the RWFA prepared by GHD Inc. and recommends focusing on the many Capital Improvement Program projects identified in the recently updated Water Master Plan that would enhance and improve our sustainable water systems. City staff also continues to support the use of recycled water for agricultural purposes that reduces agricultural groundwater pumping, the promotion of water conservation measures including gray water systems for homes, and the ongoing partnership with the Sonoma County Water Agency on the Aquifer Storage and Recovery Pilot Project.

Recommended Council Action

It is recommended the City Council adopt a resolution to approve the Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis prepared by GHD Inc.

Alternative Actions

City Council discretion.

Financial Impact

The Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (RWFA) is a planning document only. There are no financial impacts associated with the approval of the RWFA. The cost of this feasibility analysis was set at an amount of $56,153 (not to exceed).

Environmental Review Status Environmental Impact Report Approved/Certified Negative Declaration No Action Required Exempt Action Requested Not Applicable

Attachments

Resolution Final Draft Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Recycled Water Use Agreement between SVCSD & City of Sonoma

Alignment with Council Goals:

INFRASTRUCTURE: To provide reliable, safe and effective infrastructure (streets and roads, sidewalks, parking and pedestrian safety) throughout the City; maintain the high level of service and reliability of City facilities; monitor, mitigate and reduce community impacts related to development, infrastructure repair, community events or other outside agencies.

Compliance with Climate Action 2020 Target Goals:

Evaluating the use of recycled water indirectly supports the Climate 2020 Action Plan target goals.

CC:

Kevin Booker, SVCSD

City of Sonoma

RESOLUTION #. ___- 2018

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SONOMA TO APPROVE THE RECYCLED WATER FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS PREPARED BY GHD INC.

WHEREAS, the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD) provides recycled water to a limited number of agricultural users, all of which are located at the southern end of the Sonoma Valley in the Carneros Region; and

WHEREAS, the SVCSD and the City of Sonoma evaluated and/or considered the potential use of recycled water for irrigation in Sonoma in relevant documents dated 2005, 2006, 2009, and 2016; and

WHEREAS, in 2016, the City executed a Recycled Water Use Agreement with the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District for the use of recycled water at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park off Engler Street in the City; and

WHEREAS, approximately 50 acre-feet per year (AFY) of recycled water is available for use by the Sonoma Valley Unified School District (School District) at Sonoma Valley High School and Adele Harrison Middle School, and approximately 5 AFY is available for use by the City of Sonoma at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park on Engler Street; and

WHEREAS, planning to date by the SVCSD and the City has identified the potential for additional recycled water use in the City at the Plaza, Arnold Field, Depot Park, Veterans Cemetery, Field of Dreams, Armstrong Park, the Patch, and other landscaped areas; and

WHEREAS, recycled water produced at the facilities maintained by the SVCSD generally meets the requirements for disinfected tertiary recycled water, and even with the high quality of recycled water produced by SVCSD, there are many requirements for the use of recycled water for irrigation; and

WHEREAS, the City retained GHD Inc. to prepare the City’s Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (RWFA) to 1) identify a preferred alignment to extend recycled water to the northern portion of the City, and 2) determine whether the current costs of construction and ongoing operation of a recycled water system to the northern portion of the City exceeds the benefits; and

WHEREAS, this project was initiated during Fiscal Year 2016/17 to support the City Council’s Water Goal by exploring options for City uses related to recycled water; and

WHEREAS, this RWFA identified a preferred alignment to extend recycled water to the northern portion of the City based on a preliminary environmental review, constructability, and cost; and

WHEREAS, this RWFA is a planning document and investment tool that has created a roadmap towards bringing additional recycled water to the City, and although the RWFA concludes the cost of providing recycled water for irrigation of additional landscape areas within the City exceeds the benefits at this time, the cost/benefit analysis is a valuable resource that can be readily updated in the future; and WHEREAS, this RWFA can be used as a resource document if appropriate regional, state, and federal grant opportunities become available; and

WHEREAS, City staff supports the approval of the RWFA prepared by GHD Inc. and recommends focusing on the many Capital Improvement Program projects identified in the recently updated Water Master Plan that would enhance and improve our sustainable water systems; and

WHEREAS, City staff also continues to support the use of recycled water for agricultural purposes that reduces agricultural groundwater pumping, the promotion of water conservation measures including gray water systems for homes, and the ongoing partnership with the Sonoma County Water Agency on the Aquifer Storage and Recovery Pilot Project; and

WHEREAS, this project is statutorily exempt under CEQA pursuant to Section 15262 (Feasibility and Planning Studies) of the CEQA guidelines.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Sonoma hereby approves the Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis prepared by GHD Inc.

ADOPTED this 5th day of March 2018 by the following vote:

AYES: NOES: ABSENT: ______Madolyn Agrimonti, Mayor

ATTEST:

______Rebekah Barr, MMC, City Clerk

City of Sonoma Final Draft Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis

GHD | 2235 Mercury Way Suite 150 Santa Rosa California 95407 11136553 | February 2018

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

Final Draft Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis City of Sonoma

Project No. 11136553

Prepared for:

City of Sonoma #1 The Plaza Sonoma, CA 95476

Prepared by

Luke Philbert, E.I.T. Project Engineer

Reviewed by:

Matt Winkelman, P.E. Senior Project Manager, Associate

2235 Mercury Way, Suite 150 Santa Rosa, CA 95407 (707) 523-1010

February 2018

This Final Draft Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis (“report”) has been prepared by GHD for the City of Sonoma (the City) and may only be copied to, used by, or relied on by the City for the purpose agreed upon between GHD and the City. GHD otherwise expressly disclaims responsibility to any person other than the City arising from or in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible. The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report. The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered, information reviewed, and assumptions made by GHD at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared. GHD expressly disclaims responsibility for any error in, or omission from, this report arising from or in connection with any of the Assumptions being incorrect. GHD has prepared this report on the basis of information provided by the City and others who provided information to GHD (including Government authorities), which GHD has not independently verified or checked beyond the agreed scope of work. GHD does not accept liability in connection with such unverified information, including errors and omissions in the report which were caused by errors or omissions in that information. GHD has prepared the preliminary opinions of probable project costs using information reasonably available to the GHD employee(s) who prepared this report; and based on assumptions and judgments made by GHD. The preliminary opinions of probable project costs have been prepared for the purpose of establishing budgets and must not be used for any other purpose.

Executive Summary

The purpose of this document is to provide a detailed analysis to 1) identify a preferred alignment to extend recycled water to the northern portion of the City, and 2) determine whether the current costs of construction and ongoing operation of a recycled water system to the northern portion of the City exceeds the benefits.

This Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis 1) identifies a preferred alignment for a future recycled water system for irrigation of the Plaza, Arnold Field, Depot Park, Veterans Cemetery, Field of Dreams, Armstrong Park, the Patch, and other landscaped areas, and 2) concludes that the cost of providing recycled water for irrigation of additional landscape areas within the City greatly exceeds the benefits at this time.

Previous Reports and Analysis Over the years, the Sonoma County Water Agency (SCWA), the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD), and the City of Sonoma have evaluated and/or considered the potential use of recycled water for irrigation. The most relevant documents for reference in this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis include the following:

• SCWA Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study (2005);

• SVCSD Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project Environmental Impact Report (EIR) (2006);

• SVCSD Recycled Water Financial/Economic Analysis (SVCSD Financial Analysis) (2009); and

• City of Sonoma Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) (2016).

The UWMP includes a section describing the potential for recycled water uses. The UWMP states: “the City recognizes that recycled water will help increase the reliability of their water supply by offsetting groundwater pumping particularly in the southern end of Sonoma Valley. The City also recognizes the benefit of expanded recycled water use to offset agricultural pumping in the southern portion of the Sonoma Valley in terms of increasing the reliability of their groundwater supplies. Accordingly, the City is collaborating with the SVCSD to increase recycled water use for agricultural and other purposes that results in reduced groundwater pumping… Extension of recycled water pipelines to the City’s services area is anticipated to be a later phase of a regional project, taking time and considerable outside funding to bring a recycled water system to the City’s service area.”

Construction Status of Recycled Water Infrastructure SVCSD has completed several projects to bring recycled water to the Sonoma Valley, including the construction of:

• A recycled water storage reservoir to the north of the SVCSD’s existing wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) (2012);

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• A recycled water pipeline extending north from the storage reservoir to Watmaugh Road near Shainsky Road (2012); • A Fifth Street East recycled water pipeline extending north from Watmaugh Road to the Sonoma Valley High School, Adele Harrison Middle School, and the City of Sonoma’s Sonoma Valley Oaks Park on Engler Street (2017); and • Recycled water pumping and piping upgrades at the recycled water storage reservoir (2018).

Current Evaluation This Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis focuses on the cost to construct a recycled water pipeline as an extension from the intersection of Fifth Street East and Denmark Street to the north towards the potential recycled water users in the northern portion of the City, including Sonoma Plaza and Depot Park.

Several potential alignments and sub-alternatives for the likely alignment are described in this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis, with the intent to note potential alternative routes for future study or design considerations as needed. The Preferred Alignment is shown in Figure 1 below and in Appendix A (Preferred Alignment and Alternatives).

The evaluation identifies the Preferred Alignment due to constructability and associated costs (see Section 5 [Preferred Alignment] for additional information). According to the Recycled Water Use Agreement between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the City of Sonoma1, executed in 2016, the City of Sonoma may purchase recycled water for $700 per acre foot (AF) from the SVCSD. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of a recycled water project are $8.56 million. If the capital costs are spread out over 40 years, and the pipeline delivers the average annual irrigation demand to the maximum acreage, the total cost per AF of recycled water would be $3,516. This is nearly 370% of the cost of currently available potable water, which can be purchased for $945 per AF. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of the recycled water project would only get a recycled water supply line to the sites. Additional capital costs would be incurred to reconfigure existing onsite water systems to comply with the requirements for use of recycled water in urban areas (see Appendix B [Recycled Water Use Requirements]). In addition to the high capital costs, the City’s operation and maintenance costs would increase due to the need to comply with regulations regarding the use of recycled water.

1 Recycled Water Use Agreement between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the City of Sonoma. Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District. 2016.

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A comparison of the basic costs for recycled water versus potable water is summarized in Table 1 below.

Table 1 – Comparison of Recycled Water and Potable Water Purchase Cost of SVCSD Recycled Water Cost of SCWA Potable Water (dollars per AF) (dollars per AF)

Water Purchase $700 $945

New Infrastructure $2,816 Existing

Total $3,516 $945

Under the 2006 Restructured Agreement for Water Supply with SCWA and other retail customers, the City of Sonoma has an annual allotment of 3,000 AFY of potable water from below the Russian River delivered through the SCWA aqueduct. The current City water demand for SCWA water is approximately 2,200 AFY. The estimated future demand for SCWA water in the year 2040, with no increase or decrease in water production from City wells, is 2,400 AFY. To better prepare for the possibility of future growth in water demand or the possibility of water curtailment for Russian River water, the City should continue water conservation (demand management), moderate use of City potable water wells, and/or develop additional water sources. Soil and groundwater conditions may limit groundwater recharge opportunities in the City, but other water supply offsets such as direct non- potable reuse of stormwater are technically feasible, though likely cost prohibited, in the same parks where recycled water irrigation is proposed.

If the City decides to proceed, a predesign phase is recommended. Before a program schedule for design and construction are implemented, certain factors (i.e., potholing, geotechnical evaluation, topographic survey, etc.) need to be refined. While information was gathered from utilities, further project planning should include additional coordination with utility purveyors. During the predesign phase, conclusions should be further refined before moving forward into the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) review, permitting, and detailed design. This would also be a good stage to confirm a market analysis. Through this process, residual pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) would have to be addressed for concerned citizens.

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Figure 1 - Preferred Alignment (Purple) and Alternatives

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Table of Contents

Executive Summary...... i Table of Contents ...... i Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 Current Recycled Water Supply ...... 2 1.3 Purpose and Assumptions ...... 3 Alignment Analysis ...... 4 2.1 Determination of Potential Alignments ...... 4 2.2 Field Walkthrough and Utility Requests ...... 4 Preliminary Environmental Review ...... 11 3.1 Prior NEPA/CEQA Coverage ...... 11 3.2 Environmental Factors for Consideration ...... 15 3.3 Relevant Environmental Permitting ...... 20 Water Demand and Hydraulic Review ...... 22 Preferred Alignment ...... 26 Probable Project Costs ...... 28 6.1 Construction Costs ...... 28 6.2 Project Costs ...... 29 6.3 Cost Comparison between Alignments ...... 30 Conclusions ...... 32 References ...... 33

Table Index

Table 1 – Comparison of Recycled Water and Potable Water Purchase ...... iii Table 2 - Closed Cleanup Sites within 0.25 Mile of Project ...... 19 Table 3 - Open or Active Site within 0.25 Mile of Project ...... 19 Table 4 – System Evaluation Criteria ...... 22 Table 5 - Water Demands for Potential Irrigation Areas ...... 22 Table 6 - Pressure Requirements ...... 25 Table 7 - Assessment of Alignment Alternatives ...... 26 Table 8 - Construction Unit Costs ...... 29

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Table 9 - Summary of Costs for Preferred Alignment ...... 30 Table 10 - Cost comparisons between alignments ...... 31

Figure Index

Figure 1 - Preferred Alignment (Purple) and Alternatives ...... i Figure 2 - 2006 EIR Proposed Project Components ...... 12 Figure 3 - Phase 1 Network – Year 2015 ...... 23 Figure 4 - Phase 3 Network – Year 2035 ...... 24

Appendices

Appendix A – Preferred Alignment and Alternatives

Appendix B – Recycled Water Use Requirements

Appendix C – Potential Irrigation Sites

Appendix D – CNDDB plant species within 1 and 5-mile radius from the project

Appendix E – CNDDB animal species within 1 and 5-mile radius from the project

Appendix F – Planning Level Opinion of Probable Cost – Preferred Alignment

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Introduction

1.1 Background

Previous Reports and Analysis In 2005, the SCWA prepared a Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study on behalf of SVCSD, the Valley of the Moon Water District (VOMWD), and the City, and in consultation with the Sonoma Ecology Center, to evaluate the feasibility of recycled water use in Sonoma Valley. The study was organized into the following sections: Engineering Evaluation, Environmental Review, and a Financial/Economic Evaluation. This study led to the conclusion that expanding the use of recycled water in Sonoma Valley could result in: “reduced discharges to waters of the United States; reduction of peak potable water demands on the VOMWD and the City’s distribution systems including Russian River and groundwater supplies; and potential reduction of groundwater pumping for agricultural and private municipal purposes.”2

In 2006, the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD) prepared an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) to provide information regarding a proposed Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project. The purpose of this project is to reduce the discharge of treated wastewater to the waters of the United States and provide a reliable source of water to meet the current and future needs of users located in the Sonoma Valley by offsetting current potable water supplies with recycled water.3 The proposed project included several pipeline alignments that can be seen in Figure 2, in Section 3.1.1 - Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project EIR (2006 EIR). Then, in 2009, the SVCSD, as part of the North Bay Water Reuse Authority (NBWRA), prepared the North Bay Water Recycling Program EIR/Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). The 2009 EIR/EIS incorporates the 2006 EIR by reference.4 Also in 2009, the SVCSD prepared the Recycled Water Financial/Economic Analysis that included the use of recycled water for irrigation at select City parks.5

2 Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study. Sonoma County Water Agency. December 2005. 3 Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project Environmental Impact Report [SCH No. 2005092083]. ESA Associates. June 2006. 4 North Bay Water Recycling Program Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) [SCH No. 2008072096]. ESA Associates. November 2009. 5 Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Financial/Economics Analysis. Prepared by Carollo Engineers for Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District. August 2009.

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In 2016, the City prepared an UWMP to evaluate whether the City can meet the water demands of its water customers as projected over a 25-year planning horizon.6 The UWMP includes a section describing the potential recycled water uses. The plan states: “the City recognizes that recycled water will help increase the reliability of their water supply by offsetting groundwater pumping particularly in the southern end of Sonoma Valley. The City also recognizes the benefit of expanded recycled water use to offset agricultural pumping in the southern portion of the Sonoma Valley in terms of increasing the reliability of their groundwater supplies. Accordingly, the City is collaborating with the SVCSD to increase recycled water use for agricultural and other purposes that results in reduced groundwater pumping… Extension of recycled water pipelines to the City’s services area is anticipated to be a later phase of a regional project, taking time and considerable outside funding to bring a recycled water system to the City’s service area.” Additional use of recycled water for irrigation within the City would result in less availability of recycled water for agricultural use, and would require major expenditures for construction and for ongoing operation of the recycled water system.

Construction Status of Recycled Water Infrastructure In 2012, the SVCSD completed construction of 1) a recycled water storage reservoir to the north of the SVCSD’s existing wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) located along Eighth Street East, and 2) a recycled water pipeline extending north from storage reservoir to Watmaugh Road near Shainsky Road. Then, in 2017, the SVCSD completed construction of the Fifth Street East Recycled Water Pipeline Project. The project included the construction of a recycled water pipeline that would send water from the SVCSD’s WWTF to Sonoma Valley High School and Adele Harrison Middle School. The recycled water is intended to help irrigate the playing fields at each school, thereby offsetting potable water used for irrigation. The pipeline route begins at Watmaugh and Shainsky roads, proceeds east to Fifth Street East, and then extends north for approximately a mile to Denmark Street. A short pipeline also extends from Denmark Street west along Engler Street, which was constructed for the purpose of bringing recycled water for irrigation at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park in the future. The SVCSD also recently completed construction of a recycled water pumping and piping upgrades project at the recycled water storage reservoir.

1.2 Current Recycled Water Supply

Currently, approximately 50 acre-feet per year (AFY) of recycled water is available for use by the Sonoma Valley Unified School District (School District) at Sonoma Valley High School and Adele Harrison Middle School. Approximately 5 AFY is available for use by the City of Sonoma at the Sonoma Valley Oaks Park on Engler Street. Because modifications are needed to comply with the requirements for use of recycled water, recycled water is not currently being used at any of these sites. A representative from the School District has stated they are currently in the process of preparing a master plan for their athletic fields, and they expect it to be several years until they can use recycled water for irrigation. Planning to date has identified the potential for recycled water use in the City at the Plaza, Arnold Field, Depot Park, Veterans Cemetery, Field of Dreams, Armstrong Park, the Patch, and other landscaped areas within close proximity to an extension of the recycled water pipeline. Irrigation demand for these areas was estimated to be between 64 AFY and 76 AFY. SVCSD has stated they could provide the City an additional amount of recycled water to meet this demand. CEQA evaluation was completed in 2006 for the pipelines constructed to date and selected alternatives. CEQA evaluation is not included in this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis though

6 City of Sonoma Urban Water Management Plan. Maddaus Water Management Inc. June 2016

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environmental factors are considered in Section 3 (Preliminary Environmental Review). The CEQA Statutory Exemption for feasibility and planning studies states that the preparation of an EIR or ND is not required, but the study “does require consideration of environmental factors.” GHD and the City met with a representative for SVCSD in October 2016 and learned that the pressure provided at the Sonoma Valley High School and Adele Harrison Middle School turnout is approximately 40 pounds per square inch (psi). The City typically delivers closer to 70 psi. A booster pump station was constructed to provide adequate pressure for irrigating with recycled water at the schools. An evaluation of system pressure and the need for storage is included in this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis to ensure that adequate pressure would be provided to irrigate landscaped areas. The SVCSD also provides recycled water to a limited number of agricultural users, all of which are located at the southern end of the Sonoma Valley in the Carneros Region. The existing agricultural users are comprised of vineyards, dairies and pastureland. During May to October, the recycled water usage ranges from 1,000 to 1,200 AFY. Additional use of recycled water to meet agricultural water demand has the potential to offset use of private well water and local creek water.

1.3 Purpose and Assumptions

The Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis analyzes the cost and associated benefit for alignment alternatives that would deliver recycled water to selected properties within the City. Project costs are based on a planning-level assessment of the alignment alternatives. Project benefits are based on the anticipated supply to be provided to the selected properties, such that the cost/benefit ratio is expressed as project cost per AFY of recycled water. The anticipated water demand for each of the selected properties is provide through an analysis in Section 4 (Water Demand and Hydraulic Review).

Based on a field visit and utility information, GHD has prepared this report to focus on the cost to construct a recycled water pipeline for the likely alignment alternative and the anticipated benefit for the delivered recycled water. Other potential alignments and sub-alternatives for the likely alignment are described in the report, with the intent to note potential alternative routes for future study or design considerations.

It is assumed that the City will assess its needs for project-specific environmental review following the completion of this analysis, and as such, CEQA review is not included in this planning document, though environment factors were considered in Section 3 (Preliminary Environmental Review).

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Alignment Analysis

2.1 Determination of Potential Alignments

For purposes of this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis, alignments that would provide recycled water for irrigation on City and business property were evaluated. The target areas for recycled water irrigation supply were the City’s Plaza, Depot Park, Field of Dreams, and Veteran’s Cemetery as well as the County’s Arnold Field. Armstrong Park and the Patch were also mentioned as possible areas for irrigation. Possible areas of irrigation can be seen in Appendix C (Possible Irrigation Areas).

Due to the SVCSD recycled water pipeline running from their wastewater treatment facility on Eighth Street East up to the intersection of Fifth Street East and Denmark Street, this intersection was considered the starting point for potential recycled water alignments. The alignment end points were the irrigation target areas and abandoned water tanks to the north. It was determined that the Plaza should receive the recycled water line from the northeast at the corner of First Street East and East Spain Street due to three primary factors: 1) it would have the lowest construction-related impact for businesses; 2) the west side of the City does not have the same recycled water potential; and 3) Broadway has issues with too many utilities (including a high-pressure transmission gas main) and is in the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Right of Way. Using the alignment selection criteria, it was determined that the preferred method of crossing Nathanson Creek would be via Fourth Street East.

Utilizing this information, the alignments were narrowed down. See Appendix A for the Preferred Alignment and alternatives evaluated.

2.2 Field Walkthrough and Utility Requests

GHD and the City conducted a field walk to assess existing conditions and identify constructability, environmental, and permitting issues. This information was used to determine the preferred alignment in this report and provides the basis for cost planning.

For the field walkthrough, GHD created geographic information system (GIS) maps of the study area, with data provided by the City, to assist in locating water lines, sanitary sewer lines, and storm sewer lines. With the study area defined, GHD obtained available record plans and other utility information from utility companies (Pacific Gas and Electric Company, AT&T, and Comcast). Potential utility conflicts for evaluated alignments are discussed in this section. Specific issues along the alignments are discussed in Sections 3.2.1 to 3.2.5. For a summary of justification for the preferred alignment, see Section 5 (Preferred Alignment).

2.2.1 Preferred Alignment

The preferred alignment begins at the corner of Denmark Street and Fifth Street East and continues north and west, as shown in Appendix A, to end at a 200,000-gallon coal tar lined steel tank on Norrbom Road above the mountain cemetery (called the Mountain Cemetery Tank to distinguish between the City’s Norrbom tank and the other abandoned tank near Sonoma Tank 1 & 2). The Mountain Cemetery Tank is steel welded and coal tar lined, and was built in 1953. It is at an elevation

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of 226 feet, with a 41-foot diameter and a 20-foot height. The tank has been offline for over 20 years and site improvements are needed.

The following sections describe the results of the field walkthrough and review of utility maps.

Field Walkthrough  Constructability of Fourth St East was determined to be greater than Fifth Street East due to a greater avoidance of utility conflicts. Certain sections of Fifth Street East (between Chase Street and France Street) appeared to not be feasible in meeting the minimum utility clearance. In addition, Fourth Street East had less traffic concerns than Fifth Street East.

 The walkthrough found a tight construction corridor in Fifth Street East for recycled water between Pear Tree Court and East MacArthur Street (where the preferred alignment crosses over to Fourth Street East. This tight construction corridor would need to be addressed for all alignments analyzed in this report.

 One issue that cannot be avoided for all alignments is the crossing of Nathanson Creek. With the creek approximately 15 feet deep, and a requirement of the recycled water line to have sufficient separation from the creek bottom during construction to avoid hydrofracture or other impacts from trenchless construction, it is estimated that the depth below grade will be 30 to 45 feet (15 to 30 feet below the creek bottom). This depth is better suited for permitting and minimizing impacts to the creek. Options for trenchless utility crossing of the creek are tunneling (i.e., bore and jack) or horizontal directional drilling (HDD). On a foot by foot basis, tunneling is generally more expensive compared to HDD for small diameter pipelines. For the preferred alignment, however, tunneling is necessary because HDD requires a maximum of 15-degree slope, and is typically 10 degrees or less. With a depth of up to 45 feet this means both sides of the creek would need at least 170 feet of distance from the middle of the creek to the end of the HDD. The distance from the middle of the creek to East Spain Street is 145 feet and does not meet the minimum distance. The anticipated length of trenchless crossing of Nathanson Creek by the tunneling method is approximately 100 feet. The distance is selected to remain clear of the existing and potential future bridge structure and the creek environment at, and near, the bridge. The following tunneling methods may be considered upon further geotechnical investigation and engineering and analysis for the creek crossing: pilot tube guided auger boring, microtunneling (MTBM), tunneling (TBM), conventional auger bore and jack, and pipe ramming.

 Constructability of the recycled water line on East Spain Street was determined to be greater than east of the Bike Path due to the tight corridor at the Bike Path for construction. Though no stakeholder engagement has been performed specifically for the City of Sonoma, it is generally common for main lines to be constructed on main roads such as East Spain Street rather than in public spaces such as the Bike Path.  The recycled water line is recommended on the north side of road in between the front of curb and sanitary sewer line on East Spain Street from Fourth Street East to First Street East as the best path in avoiding utility conflicts.

 The best option for recycled water at the Sonoma Plaza appears to be on the corner of First Street East and East Spain Street, though both roads at this intersection have many utility

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conflicts and traffic concerns. It may be necessary to include additional trenchless construction pending further project planning.

 From First Street East to the irrigation connection at Sonoma Plaza, there is also the possibility of a recycled water line on the south side of the park stalls at the lip of the gutter.

 At the end of the baseball fields at First Street West, there are two abandoned tanks at different locations. The alignment to the Mountain Cemetery Tank is recommended because of the manageable constructability on Norrbom Road, which appears to only have an existing 12-inch water line and no other utilities.

Review of Utility Maps The following factors were considered for the constructability of a recycled water line along the preferred alignment:

 Gas Utilities –

– PG&E distribution main on the west side of the road at Fifth Street East, the north side at East MacArthur Street, and both sides of the road on Fourth Street East. – PG&E distribution main on the south side of East Spain Street from Fourth Street East to First Street East. – On First Street East, the PG&E gas line crosses over to the north side of East Spain Street. PG&E distribution main on the east side of First Street East and the west side of First Street West.  Electric Utilities –

– PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the west side of the road between Denmark Street and East MacArthur Street. – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the north side of the road between Fifth Street East to Fourth Street East. – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) and Primary Voltage Underground Conductor (2-2A PEC 12 kV Line) on Fourth Street East passes between the east and west sides of the road. – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the north side of the road between Fourth Street East and approximately 200 feet east of First Street East. – At the intersection of First Street East and East Spain Street, there are two PG&E Primary Voltage Underground Conductors, one that aligns to the north side of East Spain Street and the other that aligns to the west side of First Street East. – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the west side First Street West.  AT&T –

– Aerial line and underground line on the west side of Fifth Street East between Denmark Street and East MacArthur Street. – Aerial line on the north side of East MacArthur Street. – Aerial line on the east side of Fourth Street East.

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– Direct buried line on the west side of Fourth Street East between Chase Street and East Napa Street. – Underground line on the west side of Fourth Street East between East Napa Street and East Spain Street. – Aerial line on the on the north side of East Spain Street between Fourth Street East and Los Gatos Court. – Underground line on the north side of East Spain Street between Los Gatos Court and Second Street East. – Underground line on the south side of East Spain Street at the Sonoma Plaza. – Aerial line on the west side of First Street East between East Spain Street and the Bike Path. – Aerial line on the south side of the Bike Path between First Street East and First Street West. – Aerial line on the west side of First Street West between the Bike Path and the Mountain Cemetery Tank.  Comcast –

– Fifth Street East has fiber cables between Denmark Street and East MacArthur Street on the west side and east side. – On Fourth Street East, there are underground trenches and vaults between Chase Street and Patten Street. Fiber cables are on the east side between Patten Street and East Spain Street. – Fiber cables between Second Street East and First Street East on both the north and south sides of East Spain Street. – Fiber cables in the middle of East Spain Street west of First Street East. – Fiber cables in the middle of First Street East south of East Spain Street. – Underground Trench / Vault on the north side of East Spain Street. – Bike Path has a fiber cable on the north side between First Street East and First Street West. – Fiber cable on west side of First Street West between the Bike Path and the end of baseball fields, as well as overhead lines up to the Mountain Cemetery Tank.

2.2.2 Alternative 1

Alternative 1 extends the recycled water line from Fifth Street East, crossing to Fourth Street East at East Napa Street rather than East MacArthur Street.

Field Walkthrough • From East MacArthur Street to Chase Street, the recycled water line would need to be installed within a 10-foot gap between the gas and sanitary sewer.

• Between Chase Street and France Street, the section appears to not be feasible in meeting the minimum utility clearance. Possibilities are to relocate the 2-inch gas and/or replace the 6-inch

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asbestos cement pipe (ACP) water line with a 10-inch water line. Also within this section are oak trees on the east side of Fifth Street East which may be affected by construction.

Utility Maps • Gas Utilities –

– PG&E distribution main on the west side of East Napa Street. • Electric Utilities – – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the west side of the road between Denmark Street and East Napa Street. – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the north side of the road between Fifth Street East and Fourth Street East.  AT&T –

– Underground line and aerial line on the west side of Fifth Street East between East MacArthur Street and East Napa Street. – Crossover of the direct buried line on Avenue Del Oro and Chase Street. – Underground and aerial line on the south side of East Napa Street.  Comcast –

– Fifth Street East has fiber cables on the west side of the road from East MacArthur Street to East Walnut Street. – East Napa Street has fiber cables on the south side of the road.

2.2.3 Alternative 2

Alternative 2 crosses Fifth Street East to Fourth Street East at East Walnut Street rather than East MacArthur Street.

Field Walkthrough  Recycled water line on south side of East Walnut Street in between front of curb and sanitary sewer line.

Utility Maps  Gas Utilities –

– PG&E distribution main on the south side of East Walnut Street from Fifth Street East. – PG&E distribution main on the north side of East Walnut Street from Fifth Street East.  Electric Utilities –

– PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the north side of the road of East Walnut Street between Fifth Street East and Fourth Street East.  AT&T – None.

 Comcast – – Fiber cable on the south side of East Walnut Street.

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2.2.4 Alternative 3

Alternative 3 assumes that after crossing Nathanson Creek, instead of turning west on East Spain Street, the alignment would continue along Fourth Street East up to the Bike Path, and would turn west along the Bike Path to Depot Park. A tee at First Street East would allow the recycled water line to split off south on First Street East towards the Plaza.

Field Walkthrough  Benefits of constructability of the recycled water on the Bike Path are fewer utility conflicts, less traffic concerns, and less interruption to businesses. However, and as mentioned in the preferred alignment, there is a tight corridor at the Bike Path for construction, and though no stakeholder engagement has been performed specifically for the City of Sonoma, it is generally common for main lines be constructed on main roads such as East Spain Street compared to public spaces such as the Bike Path.

Utility Maps  Gas Utilities –

– PG&E distribution main on the west side of Fourth Street East. – There are no gas lines on the Bike Path from Fourth Street East to First Street East.  Electric Utilities –

– PG&E Primary Voltage Underground Conductor (2-2A PEC 12 kV Line) on Fourth Street East on west side. – No electrical lines for most the Bike Path. There are small segments near the roads, which can be avoided due to no other confirmed utilities at these segments.  AT&T –

– Underground line on the west side of Fourth Street East. – No AT&T lines on the Bike Path between Fourth Street East and First Street East. – Aerial crossover (negligible) on Second Street West.  Comcast –

– On the west side of Fourth Street East, there are underground trenches and vaults between East Spain Street and the Bike Path. – There are no Comcast lines along the Bike Path on this section.

2.2.5 Alternative 4

Alternative 4 includes the recycled water line aligned within an access road between First Street West at the end of the baseball fields to the west towards an abandoned tank near Sonoma Tanks 1 and 2, called the Access Road Tank. The Access Road Tank is a 412,000-gallon steel welded, coal tar lined tank built in 1946. The elevation is 218 feet with a diameter of 47 feet and a height of 32 feet. Though there is an 8-inch pipe coming out of the tank, it has been offline for over 20 years. Site security is good due to SCWA fencing. This is an alternative to the preferred alignment of the recycled water line running up to the 200,000-gallon coal tar lined steel tank on Norrbom Road (the Mountain Cemetery Tank).

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2.2.6 First Street West to Access Road Tank

Field Walkthrough  No walkthrough performed.

Utility Maps  Gas Utilities

– PG&E distribution main on the west side of First Street West.  Electric Utilities – PG&E Primary Voltage Overhead Conductor (3-6C 12kV Line) on the west side of the road from the Bike Path to approximately 200 feet north of the Bike Path.  AT&T

– Aerial Line on the west side of First Street West. – Aerial Line from First Street West to area north of the Field of Dreams baseball field.  Comcast

– Fiber cable on the west side of First Street West between the Bike Path and the end of baseball fields.

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Preliminary Environmental Review

The preliminary environmental review includes the evaluation of possible environmental constraints to assist in the development of feasible engineering solutions. The preliminary review also provides early identification of additional environmental analysis that may be warranted. The CEQA Statutory Exemption for feasibility and planning studies states that the preparation of an EIR or ND is not required, but the study “does require consideration of environmental factors.” This section includes relevant CEQA/NEPA information, known archaeological and hazardous material sites, biological resource information, relevant resource agency permit requirements, and recommendations for the study area. The study area includes all possible pipeline alignments as seen in Appendix A.

3.1 Prior NEPA/CEQA Coverage

Two existing environmental compliance documents were reviewed to determine if the study area has existing National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and CEQA coverage. The two documents reviewed were the North Bay Water Recycling Program Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) [SCH No. 2008072096], and the Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project EIR [SCH No. 2005092083]. Specifically, the project descriptions of each document were reviewed to determine the extent that the study area was included. Based on that review and GHD’s understanding of the study area and recycled water alignments, GHD prepared recommendations for next actions to ensure appropriate environmental compliance documentation.

3.1.1 Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project EIR (2006 EIR)7

Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project EIR was certified by SVCSD in December 2006. The 2006 EIR contains a project-level analysis of the proposed recycled water project, identified as “Pipeline Alignment 2” in the EIR (see Figure 2).

7 Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project Environmental Impact Report [SCH No. 2005092083]. ESA Associates. June 2006.

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Figure 2 - 2006 EIR Proposed Project Components

The 2006 EIR provides the following description of Alignment 2: Alignment 2 would be located in central Sonoma Valley and traverse approximately 10.5 miles. The main pipeline would begin at the SVCSD wastewater treatment facility and extend northwesterly along the western sides of Schell Creek and Nathanson Creek to Specht Road. The pipeline would continue west along Specht Road, north along Broadway, west along Napa Street, north along First Street West, then west along a paved roadway owned by Sonoma County Water Agency, and end at the City of Sonoma storage tanks. Secondary segments would extend from the main pipeline as described below.

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• San Luis Road/Broadway Segment: This segment would extend west from the main pipeline along San Luis Road, continue northwesterly, and end at the intersection of Broadway and Specht Road. • Watmaugh Road/Fifth Street Segment: This segment would commence at the intersection of Watmaugh Road and Broadway and extend east along Watmaugh Road to Fifth Street East. The segment would continue north along Fifth Street East to Napa Street, extend west along Napa Street, continue north along Fourth Street East, and end at the Bike Path.

• Napa Road Segment: This segment would begin at the intersection of Broadway and Napa Road, continue east on Napa Road, and end at the intersection of Fifth Street East.

• MacArthur Street Segment: This segment would begin at the intersection of Broadway and MacArthur Street, continue east on MacArthur Street, and end at the intersection of Fifth Street East.

• Bike Path Segment-East: This segment would begin at the intersection of First Street West and the existing Bike Path, continue east along the Bike Path, and end west of Nathanson Creek.

• Bike Path Segment-West: This segment would begin at the intersection of First Street West and the existing Bike Path, continue west along the existing Bike Path through Sonoma State Historic Park, and end at the intersection of Fifth Street West.

North Bay Water Recycling Program EIR/EIS (2009 EIR/EIS)8 The SVCSD, as part of the North Bay Water Reuse Authority (NBWRA), prepared the North Bay Water Recycling Program EIR/EIS. As the CEQA Lead Agency, the SCWA certified the EIR in 2009. As the federal Lead Agency, the Bureau of Reclamation issued a final EIS in June 2010 and signed a Record of Decision in January 2011. The 2009 EIR/EIS incorporates the 2006 EIR by reference, and states:

The following documents are incorporated by reference and are available for review to gain an understanding of previously completed Master Planning efforts and environmental documents completed by the NBWRA Member Agencies and applicable to the Proposed Action: The 2009 EIR/EIS contains both project-level and program-level project components and impact analysis. The Implementation Plan includes projects that are defined to a level of detail that allows for project-level environmental review. These projects are collectively referred to as Phase 1 Projects. The 2009 EIR/EIS may be relied upon by individual member agencies for approval of these individual Phase 1 Projects. Reclamation’s Record of Decision covers the Phase 1 activities, but not the projects included under the programmatic project description. Per the EIR/EIS: The proposed facilities that are evaluated at the program level will require additional environmental documentation once site-specific project designs are determined. (P 1-4)

8 North Bay Water Recycling Program Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) [SCH No. 2008072096]. ESA Associates. November 2009.

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Although the proposed recycled water project is incorporated into the 2009 EIR/EIS by reference, it is not included in the Phase 1 Projects. As stated in the 2009 EIR/EIS:

Regardless of which alternative is selected for implementation, detailed design of project features and planning of construction will need to be coordinated with mitigation requirements so that sensitive resources in the project areas are avoided where practicable. The methods for achieving required mitigation would be determined during detailed project design through consultation and coordination with the permitting agencies.

3.1.2 Relevant CEQA Guidance

CEQA Guidelines Section 15162 states that when an EIR has been certified, or a Negative Declaration adopted for a project, no subsequent EIR shall be prepared for that project unless the lead agency determines that any of the specific criteria that ‘trigger’ subsequent analysis are met. These triggers are [Section 15162(a)]:

(1) Substantial changes are proposed in the project which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or negative declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects;

(2) Substantial changes occur with respect to the circumstances under which the project is undertaken which will require major revisions of the previous EIR or Negative Declaration due to the involvement of new significant environmental effects or a substantial increase in the severity of previously identified significant effects; or

(3) New information of substantial importance, which was not known and could not have been known with the exercise of reasonable diligence at the time the previous EIR was certified as complete or the Negative Declaration was adopted, shows any of the following:

(A) The project will have one or more significant effects not discussed in the previous EIR or negative declaration;

(B) Significant effects previously examined will be substantially more severe than shown in the previous EIR;

(C) Mitigation measures or alternatives previously found not to be feasible would in fact be feasible, and would substantially reduce one or more significant effects of the project, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative; or (D) Mitigation measures or alternatives which are considerably different from those analyzed in the previous EIR would substantially reduce one or more significant effects on the environment, but the project proponents decline to adopt the mitigation measure or alternative.

CEQA Guidelines Section 15164 (Addendum to an EIR or Negative Declaration) states that an addendum to a previously certified EIR may be prepared if some changes or additions are necessary, but none of the conditions described in Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent EIR have occurred. An addendum need not be circulated for public review, but can be included in or attached to the final EIR. Addendums are primarily used when there is a change in the project or

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where new project information is available. Then there is a comparison of the incremental difference between the original project and the project as modified.

The full text of the 2017 CEQA Handbook, which contains the CEQA Statute and Guidelines, is available online at: https://www.califaep.org/policy/statute-and-guidelines.

3.1.3 Recommendations

To determine if the preferred alignment is in compliance with CEQA and NEPA, it is recommended to do the following: 1) Compare the preferred alignment to the alignment identified in the 2006 EIR and determine if and how it varies from what was analyzed in the 2006 EIR.

2) Complete a detailed analysis of potential project impacts against the 2006 EIR and 2009 EIR/EIS to determine if a project meets any criteria in CEQA Guideline’s Section 15162 calling for preparation of a subsequent environmental document have occurred.

3) Determine if there is any federal funding/nexus involved that would warrant “project level” NEPA Analysis, such as:

(a) Supplemental Environmental Assessment for Bureau of Reclamation funding or approvals; and

(b) CEQA Plus for State Revolving Fund (SRF) application.

3.2 Environmental Factors for Consideration

The following location-based environmental topics were assessed: cultural resources, which includes historical, archaeological, and Native American Tribal resources; hazardous materials, and biological resources. If this project proceeds, a more detailed environmental review will be conducted during project pre-design.

3.2.1 Cultural Resources

The Northwest Information Center (NWIC), an affiliate of the State of California Office of Historic Preservation and the California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS), is the official State repository of archaeological and historical records and reports for an 18-county area that includes Sonoma County. A records search conducted for the study area by the NWIC included reviewing pertinent NWIC base maps that reference cultural resources records and reports, historic-period maps, and literature for Sonoma County.

Historical Resources According to the records search, the State Office of Historic Preservation Historic Property Directory (OHP HPD) (which includes listings of the California Register of Historical Resources, California State Historical Landmarks, California State Points of Historical Interest, and the National Register of Historic Places) lists the following recorded buildings or structures within or adjacent to the study area (NWIC 2017):

Basalt Quarry (P-49-002746) The basalt quarry is a recorded historic-period archaeological resource.

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Sonoma Plaza District (P-49-004564) The Sonoma Plaza District is recorded historic-period district, which consists of historic-period archaeological resources as well as historic-period buildings, structures, and an object. The Sonoma Plaza District is a National-Register listed district that is also listed in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) [OHP Property Number: 004163; Status Code: 1S].

Mission San Francisco de Solano (P-49-000346 / CA-SON-000375H) Mission San Francisco de Solano consists of both historic-period archaeological resources and historic-period buildings. Moreover, P-49-000346 is a contributor to the NR and CR listed Sonoma Plaza District.

Espindola Adobe (P-49-002367 / CA-SON-001900H) Espindola Adobe consists of both historic-period archaeological resources and historic-period buildings.

In addition to these inventories, the NWIC base maps show no additional recorded buildings or structures within the study area (NWIC 2017).

Review of historical literature and maps indicated the possibility of historic-period activity within the study area. The study area passes through the historic downtown of Sonoma and is immediately adjacent to the Mission San Francisco de Solano, the Presidio of Sonoma, and Espindola Adobe. Therefore, there is a high potential for unrecorded historic-period archaeological resources in the study area.

Archaeological and Native American Tribal Resources The records search indicates that the study area is located within an area that has been previously studied for cultural resources. Review of this information indicates that there have been three archaeological studies that cover approximately 10 percent of the proposed City of Sonoma’s Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis study area: Study # 32765 (Steen and Origer 2006), Study # 41945 (Koenig 2013), and Study # 46063 (Klopp 2014). There are two architectural studies that cover approximately all the Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis study area: Study # 30906 (McMorris 2004) and Study # 46942 (Painter 2015). Analysis conducted by the NWIC shows there is one Native American resource in or adjacent to the study area referenced in the ethnographic literature (NWIC 2017). A pedestrian survey was not performed for this Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis given that the study area is located in predominantly paved areas. A records search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File has not been conducted.

Based on an evaluation of the environmental setting and features associated with known sites, Native American resources in this part of Sonoma County have been found on the banks and mid-slope terraces above seasonal and perennial waterways, along trending ridgelines, and within the interface between the foothills and low-lying terrain. The study area is located within Sonoma Valley with a portion of the project area going into the interface between the low-lying terrain and the adjacent hills. Additionally, Nathanson Creek runs through the study area. Given the similarity of one or more of these environmental factors, there is a high potential for unrecorded Native American resources in the study area.

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Recommendations Recommendations for further study, consultation, or action for the preferred alignment include the following: 1) Hire a professional archaeologist to assess this district and provide project-specific recommendations.

2) Contact the local Native American tribe(s) regarding traditional, cultural, and religious heritage values.

3) If the preferred alignment route contains buildings or structures that meet the minimum age requirement, prior to commencement of project activities, it is recommended that this resource be assessed by a professional familiar with the architecture and history of Sonoma County.

4) If archaeological resources are encountered during construction, work should be temporarily halted near the discovered materials and workers should avoid altering the materials and their context until a qualified professional archaeologist has evaluated the situation and provided appropriate recommendations. Project personnel should not collect cultural resources. Native American resources include chert or obsidian flakes, projectile points, mortars, and pestles; and dark friable soil containing shell and bone dietary debris, heat-affected rock, or human burials. Historic-period resources include stone or adobe foundations or walls; structures and remains with square nails; and refuse deposits or bottle dumps, often located in old wells or privies.

5) Any identified cultural resources should be recorded on DPR 523 historic resource recordation forms.

3.2.2 Hazardous Materials

Data resources were reviewed to determine if any portion of the selected pipeline alignment would be located within a site that is included on a list compiled pursuant to Section 65962.5 of the Government Code. These resources include:

• Department of Toxic Substances Control EnviroStor database;

• List of Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites by from the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) GeoTracker database;

• List of solid waste disposal sites identified by SWRCB with waste constituents above hazardous waste levels;

• List of "active" Cease and Desist Orders and Cleanup and Abatement Orders from the Water Board; and • List of hazardous waste facilities subject to corrective action pursuant to Section 25187.5 of the Health and Safety Code.

Specifically, Geotracker data was reviewed to identify hazardous materials sites within 0.25 mile of the study area. GeoTracker is the SWRCB’s data management system for sites that impact, or have the potential to impact, water quality in California, with emphasis on groundwater. GeoTracker contains records for sites that require cleanup, such as Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Sites, Department of Defense Sites, and Cleanup Program Sites. GeoTracker also contains records for various unregulated projects as well as permitted facilities including: Irrigated Lands, Oil and Gas production, operating Permitted USTs, and Land Disposal Sites.

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The study area is not located on any of the above-listed data resources pursuant to Section 65962.5, and no adjacent sites were identified where contamination may have extended into the study area. A total of 11 sites within 0.25 mile of the study area were identified in GeoTracker. Of the 11 sites, 9 are closed LUST cleanup sites that pose no hazard (See Table 2).

The two remaining sites consist of a permitted underground storage tank (UST) site at the Sonoma 76 gas station, and an inactive cleanup program site at a drycleaners (See Table 3). Both the gas station and dry cleaner are located more than 1,000 feet south (downgradient) from the study area. According to the SWRCB’s online file of the dry cleaner site, “This site reportedly has been used by various dry cleaners for at least 50 years. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE), a dry cleaning chemical commonly used at dry cleaners, has been released from the subject site and contaminated soil, groundwater, and soil vapor in the vicinity of the site. Soil samples taken on June 8, 1987, at 568 Broadway detected up to 140 mg/kg of PCE at one foot below ground surface. On November 24, 2003, two monitoring wells in the immediate vicinity of the subject site detected PCE; 27,000 ppb from MW-6 and 120 ppb from MW-5. In October 2004, a groundwater sample from private water well located on the 100 block of Malet Street (located about 0.25 miles downgradient of 568 Broadway) detected 5.3 ppb of PCE. The groundwater concentrations of PCE in many of the monitoring wells are significantly higher than the California Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) of 5.0 ppb for drinking water.

There are three leaking underground storage tank (UST) sites with monitoring wells immediately downgradient and crossgradient of the subject site. These three UST sites are being regulated by the Sonoma County Dept. of Health Services (SCDHS).

The most recent investigation at the subject site in May 2008, detected up to 14 mg/kg of PCE in soil samples, 68,000 micrograms per liter ug/L of PCE, 2,000 ug/L of TCE, 1,200 ug/L of cis-1,2-DCE, and 13 ug/L of vinyl chloride in groundwater samples taken from temporarily-screened boreholes, and up to 20,000 ug/L of PCE, 160 ug/L of TCE, 260 ug/L of cis-1,2-DCE, and 21 ug/L of vinyl chloride from groundwater samples taken from monitoring wells associated with the UST sites.”

Because of the proximity of the open cleanup program site to the study area, and the high levels of reported PCE in groundwater samples downgradient of the site, additional review is recommended to determine if project-specific groundwater or soils handling measures are warranted to prevent the disturbance or exposure of PCE-contaminated materials.

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Table 2 - Closed Cleanup Sites within 0.25 Mile of Project Site Site Name Global ID Status Address Type Sebastiani Vineyards T0609701022 LUST Completed – 355 Fourth Case Closed Street East Sebastiani Vineyards #0378 T0609710616 LUST Completed – 389 Fourth Case Closed Street East Sebastiani Vineyards T0609700909 LUST Completed – 379 Fourth Case Closed Street East CALTRANS T0609700793 LUST Completed – 159 Napa Case Closed Street West CHEVRON #9-0509 (FORMER) T0609700797 LUST Completed – 135 Napa Case Closed Street West UNOCAL #5994 T0609700959 LUST Completed – 195 Napa Case Closed Street West Knorre, Stanley, Etc. of. T0609700987 LUST Completed – 563 Second Case Closed Street East May Family Property T0609704633 LUST Completed – 591 Broadway Case Closed Sonoma Fire Department T0609745754 LUST Completed – 32 Patten Case Closed Street LUST = Leaking Underground Storage Tank

Table 3 - Open or Active Site within 0.25 Mile of Project Distance to Site Name Global ID Site Type Status Address Project Alignment SONOMA 76 None Permitted Permitted 195 WEST 1,020 feet Site UST NAPA STREET Royal Crown SLT2O316207 Cleanup OPEN - 568 1,070 feet Cleaners Program Site INACTIVE BROADWAY UST = Underground storage tank

3.2.3 Biological Resources

Regulatory authority databases and readily available documents related to biological resources within the City of Sonoma and Sonoma County were reviewed for this analysis. GHD biologists reviewed available data pertaining to botanical and wildlife resources within the study area and immediate vicinity. Specifically, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Natural Diversity Database RareFind 5/Biogeographic Information and Observation System (CNDDB/BIOS) occurrence records were consulted within a one and five-mile radius of the study area (2017 search). No onsite biological surveys (reconnaissance or protocol) were performed as part of this investigation. Results are based on desktop review of the available information.

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Appendix D shows CNDDB plant species within 1 and 5-mile radius from the center of the study area.

Appendix E shows CNDDB animal species within 1 and 5-mile radius from the center of the study area.

Alignment Review All alignment alternatives would require crossing of Nathanson Creek, potentially via HDD under the channel. Nathanson Creek is a fully channelized and concrete-lined both upstream and downstream of the anticipated alignment crossing on Fourth Street East.

The preferred alignment would follow the Bike Path north of East Spain Street and west of Fourth Street East. An existing ditch is located adjacent to the Bike Path. It is unknown if the ditch has connectivity to Nathanson Creek. Connectivity to Nathanson Creek would warrant special consideration of biological resources (such as red-legged frog) that are tied to waterways.

Many large trees are located within Sonoma Plaza, as well as adjacent to portions of each alignment.

Recommendations Project planning and design involving local waterways will require careful consideration of biological resources because of the known occurrences of: red-legged frog, giant salamander, and other species associated with waterways. Although Nathanson Creek is fully channelized and the recycled water alignments would not be disturbing the banks of the creek, prudent and conservative action to ensure documented compliance with biological regulations is recommended. As such, the following is recommended regardless of alignment chosen:

1) Reconnaissance survey of the preferred alignment by a qualified biologist.

2) Preparation of a Biological Resources Report.

3) Submittal of applications for the following permits:

(a) Clean Water Act Section 404–Nationwide Permits – US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE);

(b) 1600 Streambed Alteration Agreement – California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW);

If the Biological Resources Report identifies minimal potential for adverse effects on biological resources, submittal of either consultation letters or simple permit applications to the three permit agencies identified above is recommended.

3.3 Relevant Environmental Permitting

This section provides a general overview of the permit processing timelines for Section 404, Section 401, and Streambed Alteration Agreement. This discussion applies to all alignments.

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3.3.1 Clean Water Act 404 from USACE – Federal Jurisdiction

Applicants can typically expect a Section 404 permit to be issued within six month to 1.5 years after Corps acknowledges receipt of a complete permit package, including a compensation plan for mitigation of loss to wetlands and water resources as appropriate. This timeline depends greatly on consultation with other agencies (i.e., USFWS and State Historic Preservation Officer). Nationwide or Regional General Permits usually have a timeline on the shorter end of the spectrum, whereas individual permits are the longest to approve. It should be noted that the USFWS has a 135-day total timeline for Section 7 Endangered Species Act consultations between Federal agencies.

3.3.2 Water Quality Certification from RWQCB (Clean Water Act 401) – State Jurisdiction

The RWQCB has 30 days (from receipt) to determine whether an application is complete. Once an application is deemed complete, the board has 60 days to issue or deny the 401 Water Quality Certification or to request additional review time. Time extensions can be granted for up to one year, however, this is not a typical occurrence.

3.3.3 Streambed Alteration Agreement from CDFW (Fish and Game Code 1600) – State Jurisdiction

CDFW has 30 days to determine whether your submittal package is complete. For a regular (i.e., term of five years or less) agreement, CDFW will process a draft agreement within 60 calendar days after your notification is complete. The applicant must then review the draft agreement and either sign and submit to CDFW within 90 days or notify CDFW in writing regarding any specific measures that are not acceptable (unacceptable terms will be discussed in a subsequent meeting with CDFW followed by arbitration panel if a compromise cannot be reached). Any draft agreement older than 90 days is considered void. Once CDFW receives the signed draft agreement, fees are paid, and CEQA is satisfied, CDFW will return a signed, final agreement to the applicant and the project may proceed.

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Water Demand and Hydraulic Review

A basic analysis of water demand and hydraulic system requirements was performed based on information provided in an HDR memorandum to the City9.

The system evaluation was based on the following criteria.

Table 4 – System Evaluation Criteria Parameter Value Minimum system pressure 10 psi Maximum system pressure 100 psi for delivery to customers Minimum pipe diameter 6 inches Maximum pipeline velocity 10 fps Hazen-Williams C value 130 Minor loss coefficient, K 1 per 1,000 feet of pipe The annual average demand for landscaping was determined to be 4.22 AFY/acre, based on irrigation records provided from an evaluation at the Sonoma Plaza10. Maximum acreage was determined using GIS over the entire area of coverage for each plot. Minimum acreage was found using Google Earth, measuring acreage for irrigation areas (excluding pavement, buildings, dirt, etc.). The following table illustrates the amount of water required for potential irrigation areas, within a range of minimum and maximum acreage. Appendix C shows potential irrigation areas for this project.

Table 5 - Water Demands for Potential Irrigation Areas

Location Acres AFY

Sonoma Plaza 5 – 6.88 21.12 – 29.06 Veteran’s Cemetery 0.62 – 0.66 2.62 – 2.79 Field of Dreams 2.75 – 2.90 11.62 – 12.25 Arnold Field 2.65 – 2.92 11.19 – 12.33 Depot Park 0.1 – 1.16 4.22 – 4.90 The Patch 2.24 – 2.55 9.46 – 10.77 Armstrong Park 0.9 - 1 3.80 – 4.22 Total 15.16 – 18.07 64.04 – 76.33 SCWA and HDR worked together to identify three expected phases of development. It is assumed that Phase 1 has the closest hydraulic conditions to the City’s current system, and can be seen in Figure 3. Phase 3 was the final phase considered for the study and was used to select the sizes for pipelines (see Figure 4 below). All pipe diameters were checked and adjusted to meet the criteria during Phase 3. These pipe diameters are assumed for our analysis and incorporated into the preferred alignment.

9 Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District Recycled Water System Modeling. HDR, Inc. September 2012. 10 Evaluation for the Feasibility of an Irrigation Well at the Sonoma Plaza. GHD. August 2015.

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Figure 3 - Phase 1 Network – Year 2015

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Figure 4 - Phase 3 Network – Year 2035

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Pressure requirements for the alignment were based on a starting point bounded in Phase 1 HDR work. The memorandum stated that the lowest system pressure in Phase 1 was at the intersection of Denmark Street and Arroyo Seco (one node to the east of ESA_SV-151) at a pressure of 40 psi. Calculations were performed to find pressure requirements at the start of the alignment (Fifth Street East and Denmark Street) and the most conservative pressure requirement at the end of the Preferred Alignment at the Mountain Cemetery Tank (the higher tank of the two in this analysis). For comparison purposes, pressure and elevation were also calculated at the farthest irrigation area (Field of Dreams) and the Access Road Tank, with a maximum flow of 76.33 AFY (from Table 5), or 47.32 gpm. Results are summarized below.

Table 6 - Pressure Requirements Location Pressure (ft) Pressure (psi) Elevation (ft) Denmark Street and Arroyo Seco 92.4 40 84 Denmark Street and Fifth Street East 112.8 48.8 64 Field of Dreams 65.5 28.3 111 Access Road Tank -41.5 -18.0 218 Mountain Cemetery Tank -49.5 -21.4 226

While the Phase 3 network does not call out a booster pump for the area of study, in order to meet pressure requirements in bringing the recycled water to the abandoned tanks, a booster pump is necessary to bring recycled water either to the Access Road Tank or the Mountain Cemetery Tank. The ideal location for the booster pump station is the City owned Pinelli Park at Fourth Street East and France Street. Pinelli Park is located along the preferred alignment and has enough space to build the facility within the boundaries of the City owned park and outside of the road. This was preferred over the City owned cemetery located on 4th Street East and East MacArthur Street due to conflicts in underground space. The location for the preferred booster pump is shown in Appendix A (Preferred Alignment and Alternatives).

The booster pump was sized at 5 horsepower (HP). Assumptions for this size are as follows:

• 30 psi of pressure to the highest water level of the Mountain Cemetery tank;

• 64 AF of water (If water demand increases then the booster pump size should increase); • 200,000-gallon tank;

• 16 feet between minimum and maximum water height in the 20-foot high tank; and

• 92 days of irrigation. A new electrical utility service for the new booster pump station would be provided from existing overhead utility power lines. Remote and local control and monitoring facilities will be installed at the Booster Pump station. The booster pump(s) will use Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) controller(s) allowing the booster pumps to modulate speed and operation to help stabilize pressure in the recycled water line for varying demand. A local Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) would be used to automatically fill storage tanks during low-demand times, while minimizing power usage during higher demand. Status and alarms relating to the Booster Pump Station operation would be transmitted to the City’s Master Controller and/or the SVCSD’s wastewater treatment facility for integration into the overall wastewater treatment system.

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Preferred Alignment

The preferred alignment can be seen in Appendix A (Preferred Alignment and Alternatives) The preferred alignment was chosen based on the evaluation of constructability and associated cost. A summary of assessments is provided in Table 7 below. They are ranked on a scale from 1 to 5, with 1 representing the easiest to construct and the lowest cost, and 5 representing the most difficult to construct and the highest cost. See Appendix A (Preferred Alignment and Alternatives) for a visual of the different alignments. Rankings are subjective, with the intent to identify the preferred alternative by evaluation of the combined rankings for each alternative. Environmental factors, though considered in Section 3 (Preliminary Environmental Review) for all alignments, were not distinct enough to assign a ranking number. Selection criteria are not weighted, which may affect future planning decisions should one or more of the selection criteria become increasingly important for the alignment determination.

Table 7 - Assessment of Alignment Alternatives

Project Name Constructability Cost

Preferred Alignment 1 1 Alternative 1 4 3 Alternative 2 3 2 Alternative 3 2 4 Alternative 4 5 5

5.1.1 Constructability

Alternative 4 brings the recycled water line to the Access Road Tank. While the recycled water line would have minimal utility conflicts from First Street West to the general tank area, the recycled water line would have to be constructed around the north side of the active City water tanks (See Appendix C [Potential Irrigation Areas]). The City also prefers the Mountain Cemetery Tank, as it is in better condition to rehabilitate than the Access Road Tank. For these reasons, Alternative 4 is the least feasible for constructability. Constructability of Fourth Street East was determined to be preferable compared to Fifth Street East due to a greater avoidance of utility conflicts. Certain sections of Fifth Street East (between Chase Street and France Street) appeared to not be feasible in meeting the minimum utility clearance. In addition, Fourth Street East had less traffic concerns than Fifth Street East

Constructability of the recycled water line along East Spain Street was determined to be greater than the Bike Path. Benefits of constructing the recycled water line along the Bike Path include less utility conflicts, less traffic concerns, and less interruption of businesses. However, there is a tight corridor along the Bike Path for construction, and main lines would be constructed along main roads such as East Spain Street rather than public spaces such as the Bike Path. For these reasons, the Preferred Alignment ranks better for constructability over Alternative 3.

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5.1.2 Cost

For a table and narrative on cost comparison between the Preferred Alignment and alternatives, see Section 6.3 (Cost Comparison between Alignments).

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Probable Project Costs

Opinions of probable costs included in this report are based on a Class 5 (planning-level) estimate of probable project cost as defined by the Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International (AACE). AACE defines the “Class 5” estimate as follows: Generally Class 5 estimates are prepared based on very limited information, and subsequently have wide accuracy ranges. Typically, engineering is from 0% to 2% of full project definition. Class 5 estimates are prepared for any number of strategic business planning purposes, such as but not limited to market studies, assessment of initial viability, evaluation of alternate schemes, project screening, project location studies, evaluation of resource needs and budgeting, and long range capital planning. The typical accuracy ranges for Class 5 estimates are - 20% to -50% on the low side, and +30% to +100% on the high side, depending on the technological complexity of the project, appropriate reference information, and the inclusion of an appropriate contingency determination. The contingency factor described below is not directly related to the stated accuracy range for a Class 5 estimate. Determination of construction cost contingency is based on various factors, such as the selection criteria and engineering judgment of potential unknown costs and risks at a planning level of analysis.

6.1 Construction Costs

Construction costs associated with recycled water projects typically include the effort and materials for the following items:

 Potholing to identify existing utilities;

 Shoring and trench safety;

 Trench dewatering;

 Handling, treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and groundwater;

 Construction of the new distribution system and supporting infrastructures;

 Mobilization and demobilization; and

 Temporary traffic control. A summary of the unit costs associated with each item is presented in Table 8. The unit cost estimates are based on previous project experience and contractor/supplier-provided information. Construction costs are based on the July 2017 Engineering News Record Construction Cost Index (ENR CCI) for San Francisco, CA (11,725.25). Adjustments to the opinions of costs can be made in the future by applying a ratio of the future ENR CCI to the value used herein.

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Table 8 - Construction Unit Costs Item Unit Cost Mobilization and demobilization 10% of construction costs Temporary traffic control 5% of construction costs Potholing to identify existing utilities $13/linear foot (LF) Shoring and trench safety $21/LF Trench dewatering $42/LF Handling, treatment and disposal of contaminated soil $11/LF and groundwater Construction of the new distribution system and

supporting infrastructures  6” Class 200 PVC Recycled Water Pipe $103/LF

 8” Class 200 PVC Recycled Water Pipe $127/LF

 10” Class 200 PVC Recycled Water Pipe $149/LF

 Storage Tank Renovation (Mountain Cemetery $450,000 lump sum Tank)

 Booster Pump Station $95,000 lump sum

 Trenchless Crossing under Nathanson Creek with $705,000 lump sum sending and receiving pits

 Miscellaneous Utility Relocations and $54,000 lump sum Lateral/Service Replacements

 Conform Grind / Edge Grind Pavement $5/LF

 Pavement Restoration $129/TN

 Landscape Restoration $33,000 lump sum

 Adjust Existing Utility Structure to Grade $27,000 lump sum

6.2 Project Costs The Total Project Cost is presented in Table 9. Project costs in greater detail are provided in Appendix F.

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Table 9 - Summary of Costs for Preferred Alignment Description Project Cost Construction $4,874,000 Contingency $1,463,000 Predesign, Preliminary Land and Geotechnical Surveys $126,800 Design, Final Land and Geotechnical Surveys, Environmental Review, $1,268,000 Permits Inspection, Construction Management, Engineering Services during $824,200 Design and Construction Total Project Costs (rounded) $8,560,000

In addition to construction costs, other project costs11 include contingency and project management, which are also included in Table 9

6.2.1 Contingency

The actual project costs can vary greatly due to several possible external factors, including but not limited to climate, market conditions, government policy, and material pricing. An additional 30 percent of the construction cost is added to the overall cost as a contingency to ensure appropriate levels of financing for the CIP.

6.2.2 Other Non-Construction Costs

Costs for project management are based on previous project experience and are estimated to be a percentage of the construction cost. The costs for predesign with preliminary land and geotechnical surveys are estimated to be approximately 2% of construction. The costs for pipeline and infrastructure design, final land and geotechnical surveys, environmental review, and permitting (excluding permits associated with land acquisition) are estimated to be approximately 15-25% of construction, with 20% used for calculations. The costs for inspections, construction management, and engineering services during design and construction are estimated to be 12-14% of construction, with 13% used for calculations.

6.3 Cost Comparison between Alignments

The preferred alignment is the least expensive option at $8.56 million. Cost rankings with estimated project costs between the preferred alignment and alternatives can be seen in Table 10.

11 Other costs percentages are held consistent with the current water master plan, which is in the final draft stage at the time of this writing. For the 2011 Water Master Plan, see City of Sonoma Water Master Plan. Winzler & Kelly. March 2011

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Table 10 - Cost comparisons between alignments Cost Ranking Alignment Estimated Project Cost

1 Preferred Alignment $8,560,000 2 Alternative 2 $8,630,000 3 Alternative 1 $8,640,000 4 Alternative 3 $9,010,000 5 Alternative 4 $9,370,000 Alternative 1 and 2 cost more than the preferred alignment due to a slightly higher amount of pipe install. Alternative 1 is slightly higher in cost than Alternative 2 due to possible utility conflicts on East Napa Street.

Alternative 3 costs more due to a higher amount of pipe install, and Alternative 4 costs the most due to a higher amount of pipe install and the higher cost of tank renovation.

In addition to these cost considerations, the risk for construction of the alternatives is generally higher compared to the Preferred Alignment due to greater concern over constructability and environmental factors.

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Conclusions

The recycled water line is technically feasible but cost prohibitive in augmenting the City’s water supply. According to the Recycled Water Use Agreement between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the City of Sonoma, executed in 2016, the City of Sonoma may purchase recycled water for $700 per AF from the SVCSD. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of a recycled water project are $8.56 million. If the capital costs are spread out over 40 years, and the pipeline delivers the average annual irrigation demand to the maximum acreage, the total cost per AF of recycled water would be $3,516. This is approximately 550% of the cost of currently available potable water, which can be purchased for $945 per AF. The estimated capital costs associated with construction of the recycled water project would only get a recycled water supply line to the sites. Additional capital costs would be incurred to reconfigure existing onsite water systems to comply with the requirements for use of recycled water in urban areas (see Appendix B). In addition to the high capital costs, the City’s operation and maintenance costs would increase due to the need to comply with regulations regarding the use of recycled water.

Under the current Restructured Agreement with SCWA and other retail customers, the City of Sonoma has an annual allotment of 3,000 AFY of potable water from below the Russian River delivered through the SCWA aqueduct, yet the current City water demand for SCWA water is approximately 2,200 AFY. The estimated future demand for SCWA water in the year 2040, with no increase or decrease in water production from City wells, is 2,400 AFY. With future growth and the possibility of water curtailment for Russian River water, the City should continue water conservation (demand management), moderate use of City potable water wells, and/or develop additional water sources. Soil and groundwater conditions may limit groundwater recharge opportunities in the City, but other water supply offsets such as direct non-potable reuse of stormwater are technically feasible, though likely cost prohibited, in the same parks where recycled water irrigation is proposed.

If the City decides to proceed, it is recommended to implement a predesign phase. Before a program schedule for design and construction are implemented, certain factors (i.e., potholing, geotechnical evaluation, topographic survey, etc.) need to be refined. While information was gathered from utilities, further project planning should include additional coordination with utility purveyors. During the predesign phase, conclusions should be further refined before moving forward into CEQA review, permitting, and detailed design. This would also be a good stage to confirm a market analysis. Through this process, residual pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) would have to be addressed for concerned citizens. Due to the substantial capital cost of the project, the City would have to acquire a loan and consider financing options to pay for the project over a period of time. Connection fees paid by the customer can assist in funds, though the City owns many of the irrigation areas. Project funding may be available from the State Water Resources Control Board for further planning. A market analysis should be performed if the City decides to proceed.

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References

City of Sonoma Urban Water Management Plan. Maddaus Water Management Inc. June 2016

City of Sonoma Water Master Plan. Winzler & Kelly. March 2011

Evaluation for the Feasibility of an Irrigation Well at the Sonoma Plaza. GHD. August 2015.

North Bay Water Recycling Program Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (EIR/EIS) [SCH No. 2008072096]. ESA Associates. November 2009.

Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project Environmental Impact Report [SCH No. 2005092083]. ESA Associates. June 2006.

Recycled Water Use Agreement between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the City of Sonoma. Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District. 2016.

Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District Recycled Water System Modeling. HDR, Inc. September 2012.

Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Feasibility Study. Sonoma County Water Agency. December 2005.

Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Financial/Economics Analysis. Prepared by Carollo Engineers for Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District. August 2009.

Sonoma Valley Recycled Water Project Final Impact Report. [SCH No. 2005092083]. ESA Associates. November 2006.

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Appendices

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Appendix A – Preferred Alignment and Alternatives

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R+

Line extends to the City's water tank located adjacent to the SCWA water tank.

Field of Dreams

First St W

R+ Bike Path Bike Sonoma Broadway Plaza Nathanson Creek Depot Park Veteran's Cemetary First St E Arnold Field

Sonoma Valley 8" to 6" High School Bike Path Bike Nathanson Creek Nathanson

Existing recycled water line St Spain E connects with Sonoma Valley High School The Patch Bike Path Bike Denmark Street Denmark Booster Pump Tank Fourth St E Fourth St E H! E MacArthur St MacArthur E

E Walnut St Walnut E St Napa E 10" to 8" Nathanson Creek Nathanson

Fifth St E Fifth St E

City of Sonoma Job Number 11136553 Paper Size ANSI B Legend o Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Revision 1 0 200 400 600 800 Preferred Alignment H! Booster Pump Station Date 23 Feb 2018 Alternative 1 Feet R+ Tank Alternative 2 Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Existing Recycled Water Line Preferred Alignment and Alternatives Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 Alternative 3 Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California II FIPS 0402 Feet Alternative 4 \\ghdnet\ghd\US\Santa Rosa\Projects\111\11136553 Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Study\08-GIS\Maps\Working\Preferred Alignment and Alternatives\Preferred Alignment and Alternatives.mxd 3831 North Freeway Boulevard, Suite 220, Sacramento, CA 95834 T 916 514 4444 F 916 372 6616 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com © 2012. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and DATA CUSTODIAN) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Data Custodian, Data Set Name/Title, Version/Date. Created by:lphilbert

Appendix B – Recycled Water Use Requirements

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APPENDIX B RECYCLED WATER USE REQUIREMENTS

The following recycled water requirements were included in the Recycled Water Use Agreement between the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the City of Sonoma, executed in 2016.

Recycled water produced at the Facilities by District generally meets the requirements for disinfected tertiary recycled water as defined by California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22, Division 4, and Chapter 3.

Irrigation with recycled water shall be performed in accordance with CCR Title 22 and the applicable National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit or other operating permit. The treatment, storage, distribution, or reuse of recycled water shall not create a condition of pollution or nuisance as defined in Section 13050(m) of the California Water Code.

Irrigation Area Requirements Irrigation area requirements specified in CCR Title 22, Section 60310, which pertain to disinfected tertiary recycled water include, but are not limited to the following: • No irrigation with disinfected tertiary recycled water shall take place within 50 feet of any domestic water supply well. • Any use of recycled water shall comply with the following: (1) Any irrigation runoff shall be confined to the recycled water use area unless otherwise authorized by the regulatory agency; (2) Spray, mist, or runoff shall not enter a dwelling or a food handling facility; (3) Drinking water fountains and designated outdoor eating areas shall be protected against contact with recycled water spray, mist, or runoff. • No spray irrigation of any recycled water, other than disinfected tertiary recycled water, shall take place within 100 feet of a residence or a place where public exposure could be similar to that of a park, playground, or school yard. • All areas where recycled water is used and that are accessible to the public shall be posted with conspicuous signs, in a size no less than 4 inches high by 8 inches wide that include the following wording: “RECYCLED WATER - DO NOT DRINK”. Each sign shall display an international symbol as found in Water Recycling Criteria, Figure 60310-A • Except as allowed under Section 7604 of Title 17, no physical connection shall be made or allowed to exist between any recycled water system and any separate system conveying potable water. • The recycled water system shall not include any hose bibs. Quick couplers that are different from that used on the potable water system may be used. • Recycled water shall not be applied to irrigation areas during periods when uncontrolled runoff may occur. • Recycled water shall be applied in such a manner so as not to exceed vegetative demand or field capacity. • No impoundment of disinfected tertiary recycled water shall occur within 100 feet of any domestic water supply well. • Areas irrigated with recycled water shall be managed to prevent ponding and conditions conducive to the proliferation of mosquitoes and other disease vectors, and to avoid creation of a public nuisance or health hazard. Irrigation water shall infiltrate completely within a 24-hour period. Allowable Uses of Recycled Water Allowable uses of recycled water are specified in CCR Title 22, Section 60303. According to CCR Title 22, disinfected tertiary recycled water can be used for irrigation of the following: • Food crops where recycled water contacts the edible portion of the crop, including all root crops. • Orchards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop. • Vineyards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop. • Non-food bearing trees. Christmas tree farms are included in this category provided no irrigation with recycled water occurs for a period of 14 days prior to allowing public access. • Fodder and fiber crops. • Seed crops not eaten by humans. • Food crops that must undergo commercial pathogen-destroying processing before being consumed by humans. • Cemeteries. • Freeway landscaping. • Restricted-access golf courses. • Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms. • Pasture for milk animals. • Irrigation of parks, schools and playgrounds. • Any inedible vegetation where access is controlled so that the irrigated area cannot be used as if it were part of a park, playground, or school yard.

Appendix C – Potential Irrigation Sites

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

GHD | City of Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis | 11136553

R+

Mountain Cemetery Tank Access Road Tank R+

Veteran's Cemetery

Arnold Field Field of Dreams

The Patch

Depot Park Bicycle Path FirstStreet West West Spain Street FirstStreet East

Sonoma Plaza East Spain Street Armstrong Park - Aprx 1 Acre Located on Patten Street and Charles Van Damme Way.

City of Sonoma Job Number 11136553 Paper Size ANSI B Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Revision 1 0 200 400 600 800 Legend Date 04 Oct 2017 Feet R+ Tank Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Potential Irrigation Areas Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 o Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California II FIPS 0402 Feet Irrigation Areas

\\ghdnet\ghd\US\Santa Rosa\Projects\111\11136553 Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Study\08-GIS\Maps\Working\Primary Alignment and Alternatives\Potential Irrigation Areas.mxd 3831 North Freeway Boulevard, Suite 220, Sacramento, CA 95864 T 916 514 4444 F 707 527 8679 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com © 2012. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and DATA CUSTODIAN) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: Data Custodian, Data Set Name/Title, Version/Date. Created by:lphilbert

Appendix D – CNDDB plant species within 1 and 5- mile radius from the project

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

GHD | City of Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis | 11136553

Study Area

^ Project Location Big - scale balsamroot Franciscan onion Pappose tarplant Cobb mountain lupine Napa false indigo Rincon ridge CNDDB 1 mile radius Congested - headed Narrow - anthered ceanothus Sonoma ceanothus CNDDB 5 mile radius hayfield tarplant brodiaea Dwarf downingia Oval - leaved Sonoma sunshine Fragrant fritillary viburnum Thin - lobed horkelia

Paper Size ANSI A City of Sonoma Job Number 11136553 0 7,000 Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Revision A Date 23 Feb 2018 Feet Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic CNDDB 1 and 5 mile radiuses Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California II FIPS 0402 Feet o Plant Occurrences 718 Third Street Eureka CA 95501 USA T 707 443 8326 F 707 444 8330 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com N:\US\Santa Rosa\Projects\111\11136553 Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Study\08-GIS\Maps\Deliverables\11136553_01_CNDDB_.mxd © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and DATA CUSTODIAN) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: NAIP imagery 2016; CNDDB 2016. Created by:lphilbert

Appendix E – CNDDB animal species within 1 and 5- mile radius from the project

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

GHD | City of Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis | 11136553

Study Area

^ Project Location Black swift California giant Crotch bumble bee San Pablo song Western bumble bee Blennosperma vernal salamander foothill yellow-legged sparrow Western pond turtle CNDDB 1 mile radius pool andrenid bee California red-legged frog Sonoma zerene California freshwater frog Northern Vernal Pool fritillary CNDDB 5 mile radius shrimp Coastal Brackish Obscure bumble bee Steelhead - central Marsh California coast DPS Bank swallow Pallid bat

Paper Size ANSI A City of Sonoma Job Number 11136553 0 7,000 Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Revision A Date 04 Oct 2017 Feet Map Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic CNDDB 1 and 5 mile radiuses Horizontal Datum: North American 1983 Grid: NAD 1983 StatePlane California II FIPS 0402 Feet o Wildlife Occurrences 718 Third Street Eureka CA 95501 USA T 707 443 8326 F 707 444 8330 E [email protected] W www.ghd.com N:\US\Santa Rosa\Projects\111\11136553 Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Study\08-GIS\Maps\Deliverables\11136553_02_CNDDB_.mxd © 2017. Whilst every care has been taken to prepare this map, GHD (and DATA CUSTODIAN) make no representations or warranties about its accuracy, reliability, completeness or suitability for any particular purpose and cannot accept liability and responsibility of any kind (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for any expenses, losses, damages and/or costs (including indirect or consequential damage) which are or may be incurred by any party as a result of the map being inaccurate, incomplete or unsuitable in any way and for any reason. Data source: NAIP imagery 2016; CNDDB 2016. Created by:lphilbert

Appendix F – Planning Level Opinion of Probable Cost – Preferred Alignment

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

GHD | City of Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis | 11136553

CITY OF SONOMA RECYCLED WATER FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

PLANNING LEVEL OPINION OF PROBABLE COST PREFERRED ALIGNMENT

Client: City of Sonoma ENR Construction Cost Index: San Francisco Project: Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis Jul-17 11725.52

Diameter Quantity Unit Unit Cost Total Cost Description (in)

Mobilization and Demobilization (10%) 1 LS $412,000 $412,000 Temporary Traffic Control (5%) 1 LS $206,000 $206,000 Potholing 11,200 LF $13 $145,600 Handling, treatment and disposal of contaminated soil and groundwater 11,200 LF $11 $123,200 Shoring and Trench Safety 11,200 LF $21 $235,200 Trench dewatering 11,200 LF $42 $470,400

6" Open Cut 6 1938 LF $103 $199,636 8" Open Cut 8 1523 LF $127 $193,707 10" Open Cut 10 7583 LF $149 $1,131,851

200,000 gallon tank renovation 1 LS $381,000 $381,000 Extend (N) circuits from (E) service @Vet's Hall - Mountain Cemetary tank 1,000 LF $50 $50,000 New site lighting, convinence power - Mountain Cemetary tank 1 LS $4,000 $4,000 New controls and SCADA - Mountain Cemetary tank 1 LS $15,000 $15,000

5 HP booster pump 1 LS $40,000 $40,000 New electrical service from PGE 1 LS $10,000 $10,000 New panel, site lighting, pump power, convenience power 1 LS $30,000 $30,000 Controls and SCADA 1 LS $15,000 $15,000

Trenchless Crossing under Nathanson Creek 100 LF $650 $65,000 Tunneling Sending and Receiving Pits near Nathanson Creek 1 LS $250,000 $250,000

Misc. Utility Relocations and Lateral/Service Replacements 1 LS $53,799 $53,799 Conform Grind / Edge Grind Pavement 11,200 LF $5 $60,255 Pavement Restoration 5,600 TN $129 $723,054 Landscape Restoration 1 LS $32,279 $32,279 Adjust Existing Utility Structure to Grade 1 LS $26,899 $26,899

TOTAL ESTIMATE OF PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST

Subtotal (Rounded) $4,874,000

Construction Subtotal $4,874,000

Contingency (30%) (Rounded) $1,463,000

Total Estimate of Probable Construction Cost * $6,340,000 * Does not include Engineering/Administration/Construction Management. * Does not include a Right of Way Purchase

Predesign Reports, Preliminary Land and Geotechnical Surveys (2% of Construction) $126,800 Design, Final Land and Geotechnical Surveys, Environmental Review, Permits (excluding land acquisition) (20% of Construction) $1,268,000 Inspection/CM/ESDC (13% of Construction) $824,200 Subtotal $2,219,000 Administration (0% of Subtotal)

Project Total (Rounded) $8,560,000

1 Planning-Level Opinion of Probable Cost

www.ghd.com

Draft Document – Final Version May Differ From Draft

GHD | City of Sonoma Recycled Water Feasibility Analysis | 11136553 Recording Requested By Sonoma County Water Agency Offi~ial Records Of Sonoma County Per California Government Code sec. 27383, W1ll1am F. Rousseau 01/27/2017 02:09 PM there shall be no fee for recording. SONOMA COUNTY WATER AGENCY AGM 15 Pgs When recorded return conformed copy to: Fee: $0.00 Executive Secretary Sonoma County Water Agency 404 Aviation Boulevard Santa Rosa, CA 95403-9019

Recycled Water Use Agreement between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District and the

City of Sonoma

This Agreement is between Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (hereinafter "District"), and City of Sonoma, (hereinafter "Recycled Water User"). The District is operated by the Sonoma County Water Agency ("Water Agency") pursuant to Contract.

RECITALS

A. Recycled Water User owns approximately 1.09 acres of real property identified as Assessor's Parcel No(s). 128-62-0057 and 128-63-0048, located at 440 Engler Street, Sonoma, CA 95476; (hereinafter "Lands"), as shown on Attachment A. Attachment A is herein incorporated by reference. Approximately 1.09 acres will be irrigated with recycled water. Lands are used for landscape irrigation purposes. B. District owns and operates certain wastewater treatment and disposal facilities (hereinafter referred to as "Facilities") known as the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District's Treatment Plant, which generates tertiary-treated recycled water. C. Recycled water produced by the District meets or exceeds the State of California standards for tertiary-treated recycled water. D. District is willing to provide, and Recycled Water User is willing to accept, delivery of certain quantities of tertiary-treated recycled water for landscape irrigation on all or portions of the lands subject to the terms and conditions herein. E. The General Manager of the Sonoma County Water Agency has been authorized by Board resolution to enter into certain agreements for the District. References to "District" employees are understood to be Sonoma County Water Agency employees acting on behalf of the District.

AGREEMENT

. CF/71-712-21.5 Sonoma, City of (Agree

I for Recycled Water Use) TW No (ID 6696)

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 1 District and Recycled Water User agree as follows:

1. RECITALS A. The above recitals are true and correct.

2. LIST OF ATTACHMENTS A. The following attachments are hereby made an integral part of this Agreement: 1. Attachment A: Location Map 2. Attachment B: Recycled Water Use Requirements

3. TERM A. The term of this Agreement is for a period of five (5) years commencing upon on the date the District provides written notice to Recycled Water User that the 5th Street East Pipeline is constructed and is fully operational.

4. RECYCLED WATER COMMITTED USE A. Water use: 1. Annual Obligation: Recycled Water User agrees to use and District agrees to deliver, subject to the conditions and limitations specified in this Agreement, 5 acre-feet of recycled water, herein referred to as "Committed Use," each calendar year. It is understood that the actual amount of recycled water use may, subject to conditions and limitations specified in this Agreement, exceed the minimum obligation depending on the District's ability to provide additional recycled water. 2. Requests for additional water above 5 acre-feet per year: Requests by either party to have Recycled Water User take additional recycled water during any Season as defined in Paragraph 5 (Recycled Water Delivery) may be made and approved in writing by the Operations Coordinator or designee, and Recycled Water User, subject to the conditions and limitations specified in this Agreement. 3. Obligation Adjustment: If, after review of a minimum of three years of water usage, District determines that Recycled Water User's usage is significantly less than the Committed Use, District retains the right to reopen this Agreement in order to adjust the Committed Use to reflect actual usage.

5. RECYCLED WATER DELIVERY A. Location of water delivery: During the Summer and Winter Seasons of each year, District will deliver recycled water from District's recycled water pipeline system turnout to Recycled Water User at the location shown on Attachment A. This location will also be the location at which the recycled water is metered. A. Delivery period: 1. Recycled Water User understands that the delivery periods for the recycled water are based on the Seasons as identified in the table below.

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 2 Facility Summer Season Winter Season Sonoma Valley County May 1 to October 31 Nov. 1 to April 30 Sanitation District (Summer Water) (Winter Water) B. Coordination for water delivery: Recycled Water User shall coordinate with District's Operations and Maintenance Division at (707) 523-1070 for all water delivery not in accordance with the scheduled delivery periods. All requests for additional services by District shall be made a minimum of 72 hours in advance of the requested accommodation. District retains the right to implement a schedule for recycled water delivery among its users. Schedule shall be implemented upon written notification to Recycled Water User. C. Limitations precluding delivery of recycled water: Notwithstanding the requirements for District to deliver recycled water as stated in this Agreement, both parties to this Agreement recognize and agree that such delivery of water may at times be precluded for unanticipated reasons or for reasons beyond the control of District. District will not be obligated to provide water when delivery is prevented by Acts of God, reduction in transmission capacity, malfunction of District's system, temporary imbalance of recycled water in the various storage ponds, changes in operations, discharge or monitoring requirements, a determination by any regulatory agency that recycled water is not suitable for the intended use, a determination that the activity is unlawful, a determination that the activity may violate any operations permits, including but not limited to any National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permits and/ or permits under state authority issued to the District as these permits currently exist or may be revised in the future (hereinafter "Permits"), or a determination that a constituent of the recycled water is harmful to the plants being irrigated, or any other unanticipated cause or cause outside the control of District.

6. OTHER COOPERATING CUSTOMERS A. Recycled Water User recognizes and understands that District is obligated to deliver recycled water to other cooperating recycled water customers. District will endeavor to supply recycled water to Recycled Water User so that the maximum amount can be used by Recycled Water User, and, in the event of shortage for any reason, to be equitable between Recycled Water User and all other cooperating recycled water customers, as reasonably determined by District in supplying recycled water. District intends that delivery of recycled water to the Recycled Water User will have preference, when reasonably possible, over delivery to District-owned land and other curtailable customers. However, District cannot assure uninterrupted supply of recycled water to Recycled Water User.

7. RECYCLED WATER QUALITY A. The recycled water delivered to the Recycled Water User by District will be treated to the tertiary level, and will generally be of quality in compliance with the District's applicable National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit and any accompanying Waste Discharge Permits administered by the Regional Water Quality Control Board (hereinafter "RWQCB"). District also maintains compliance with the current State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water regulations. District will make available for informational purposes to Recycled Water User such test reports as are periodically required of District by regulatory agencies to characterize the recycled water. The results of these tests are maintained at the Sonoma County Water Agency Operations Office, 204

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 3 Concourse Boulevard, Santa Rosa, California, and may be obtained by Recycled Water User requesting a copy in writing to Sonoma County Water Agency, 404 Aviation Blvd, Santa Rosa, California. No warranty as to suitability of the recycled water for any particular use is given, except that the water may be used for landscaping purposes.

8. RECYCLED WATER APPLICATION RESTRICTIONS A. Recycled Water User agrees to irrigate in such a manner that is compatible with good irrigation practices on Recycled Water User's Lands, consistent with best management practices, runoff, ponding, and environmental restrictions specified in Attachment B to this Agreement or otherwise required pursuant to law, regulation or Permits, and not harmful to thelandscaping. B. Recycled Water User shall not allow the recycled water to be used in violation of any law, regulation, ordinance, or provision of the Permits. Recycled Water User's attention is directed to the regulations contained in the California Code of Regulations, Title 22. Recycled Water User acknowledges that he has read Title 22 and is familiar with its content. Recycled Water User shall comply with the parts of said regulations that are pertinent to Recycled Water User's use of the recycled water. Current excerpts from the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water regulations, which may be applicable to Recycled Water User, and other requirements, are included in Attachment B for Recycled Water User's convenience only and should not be relied upon by Recycled Water User as a statement of current or future law. In addition, Recycled Water User acknowledges receipt of Attachment B attached hereto which contains information regarding restrictions that may be applicable to Recycled Water User's use of recycled water. C. Recycled Water User agrees to notify District's Operations and Maintenance Section (707- 523-1070) of Title 22 violations or damage to District irrigation facilities within 24 hours of discovery of such violation or damage. Recycled Water User shall be solely responsible for the cost of repair for damage occurring to District equipment as a result of Recycled Water User's activities. D. If Recycled Water User does not comply with laws, regulations, ordinances, or Permit provisions governing the use of recycled water, District may immediately curtail recycled water delivery, notify Recycled Water User of such infraction in writing, and, if Recycled Water User does not rectify the infraction within two (2) calendar days after notice, District may immediately terminate this Agreement. E. Recycled Water User agrees that recycled water can only be used on lands identified in this agreement and that recycled water cannot be sold to a third party.

9. PERMISSION TO ENTER A. Recycled Water User agrees to provide to District a right of access to the Lands for the purpose of operation, equipment maintenance, sampling, meter reading, and observation as needed. Unless there is an emergency, the District shall provide the User with 24-hours' written notice of intent to access the User's property. B. Recycled Water User agrees to allow District to install pipelines, meters, and equipment on land controlled by Recycled Water User and intended for recycled water distribution; however, such installation is subject to the prior written consent of User, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. In addition, Recycled Water User hereby grants District, acting through its duly authorized employees, agents, representatives, or contractors, reasonable access to Recycled Water User's property to do any necessary work associated with installation of equipment required by this Agreement or pursuant to the Permits, meter

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 4 reading, verification or recycled water use, or any other monitoring of recycled water related activity on said Lands. When entering Recycled Water User's Lands, District will interfere as little as possible with Recycled Water User's operations and usage of the Lands. Unless there is an emergency, the District shall provide the User with 24-hours' written notice of intent to access the User's property.

10. PAYMENT A. At the time of execution of this Agreement, the Board of Directors for the District has established a charge (cost per acre-foot) for delivery of recycled water. The current annual charge imposed by the District is $700 per acre-foot for non-curtailable water. For each subsequent year, this amount may be compounded by 5% per year. The maximum charge shall not exceed 90% of the charge imposed by the Water Agency per acre-foot for potable water. The District will prepare an invoice, for recycled water actually used by Recycled Water User pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, at the end of the irrigation season in the year which charges for recycled water are assessed. Within thirty (30) days of receipt of an invoice, Recycled Water User shall pay District the sum of money due, calculated by multiplying the acre-feet of water delivered to Recycled Water User during the previous year by the cost per acre-foot as established by the Board.

11. TAXES A. Recycled Water User recognizes that this Agreement may create a possessory interest subject to property taxation and that Recycled Water User may be subject to the payment of property taxes levied on such interest (Revenue and Taxation Code Section 107.6). Recycled Water User shall pay, before delinquency, all taxes, assessments, license fees, and other charges (hereinafter referred to as "taxes") that are levied or assessed during the term of this Agreement against Recycled Water User's interest in personal property installed or located in or upon Recycled Water User's premises and any such taxes measured by the value of District's interest in such personal property. Upon the District's demand, Recycled Water User shall furnish District with satisfactory evidence of any such tax payments. If any taxes are levied against District or if, as a consequence of this Agreement, District incurs a tax obligation greater than, or in addition to, that which would be borne by District in the absence of this Agreement, Recycled Water User, upon demand of District, shall immediately reimburse District for the sum of taxes so levied against or borne by District.

12. CHANGES TO AGREEMENT A. Changes to the Agreement: Changes to the Agreement may be authorized by written amendments to this Agreement or by separate written agreements signed by the Chair of the District's Board of Directors. The parties expressly recognize that, except to the extent authorized herein, District personnel are without authorization to waive agreement terms. B. Verbal authorization: Requests for additional water, as referred to in Paragraph 4 (Recycled Water Committed Use), may be authorized verbally; but such requests shall be memorialized in writing as soon as possible, with a copy to the User. C. Written amendments by General Manager: Changes to the Committed Use, or requests for additional water during Irrigation Season, as referred to in Paragraph 4 (Recycled Water Committed Use), may be authorized by written amendments to this Agreement signed by Recycled Water User and the General Manager of the Sonoma County Water Agency. D. Written amendments by Chair of District's Board of Directors: All other changes to the Agreement may be authorized only by written amendments to this Agreement, or by separate written agreements, signed by the Recycled Water User and Chair of the District's

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 5 Board of Directors. The parties expressly recognize that, except to the extent authorized herein, District personnel are without authorization to waive Agreement terms.

13. ASSIGNMENT AND DELEGATION A. The right and benefit to receive and the obligation to take recycled water shall be a covenant running with the Lands, and the obligation to provide recycled water shall be that of District. Recycled Water User shall provide District with thirty (30) days advance written notice of any transfer of title or interest of the Facilities or Lands. Upon transfer of title or interest of the Facilities or Lands, all rights, duties, and obligations undertaken by this Agreement shall succeed to the new owner(s), lessees, heirs, executors, or assigns. B. Recycled Water User agrees that recycled water will be used only on the Lands. Notwithstanding Paragraph 13. A above, any assignment, delegation, lease, sublet, or transfer of any interest in or duty under this Agreement shall not be of any force or effect without the prior written consent of District.

14. MUTUAL INDEMNIFICATION A. Each party shall indemnify, defend, protect, hold harmless, and release the other, its officers agents, and employees, from and against any and all claims, loss, proceedings, damages causes of action, liability, costs, or expense (including attorneys' fees and witness costs) arising from or in connection with, or caused by any act, omission, or negligence of such indemnifying party. This indemnification obligation shall not be limited in any way by any limitation on the amount or type of damages or compensation payable to or for the indemnifying party under worker's compensation acts, disability benefit acts, or other employee benefit acts.

15. METHOD AND PLACE OF GIVING NOTICE, SUBMITTING BILLS AND MAKING PAYMENTS All notices, bills, and payments shall be made in writing and may be given by personal delivery or by mail. Notices, bills, and payments sent by mail shall be addressed as follows:

District Primary Recycled Water User Contact Operations Coordinator- East Contact: 404 Aviation Boulevard Santa Rosa, CA 95403-9019 Phone: Email: Secondary Recycled Water User Contact Contact:

Phone: Email:

And when so addressed, shall be deemed given upon deposit in the United States mail, postage prepaid. In all other instances, notices, bills, and payments shall be deemed given at the time of

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 6 actual delivery. Changes may be made in the names and addresses of the person to whom notices, bills, and payments are to be given by giving notice pursuant to this paragraph.

16. MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS A. No Waiver of Breach: The waiver by District of any breach of any term or promise contained in this Agreement shall not be deemed to be a waiver of such term or provision or any subsequent breach of the same or any other term or promise contained in this Agreement. B. Construction: To the fullest extent allowed by law, the provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and given effect in a manner that avoids any violation of statute, ordinance, regulation, or law. The parties covenant and agree that in the event that any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void, or unenforceable, the remainder of the provisions hereof shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired, or invalidated thereby. Recycled Water User and District acknowledge that they have each contributed to the making of this Agreement and that, in the event of a dispute over the interpretation of this Agreement; the language of the Agreement will not be construed against one party in favor of the other. Recycled Water User and District acknowledge that they have each had an adequate opportunity to consult with counsel in the negotiation and preparation of this Agreement. C. Third Party Beneficiaries: Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed to create and the parties do not intend to create any rights in third parties. D. Captions: The captions in this Agreement are solely for convenience of reference. They are not a part of this Agreement and shall have no effect on its construction or interpretation. E. Merger: This writing is intended both as the final expression of the agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the included terms and as a complete and exclusive statement of the terms of the agreement, pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure Section 1856. No modification of this Agreement shall be effective unless and until such modification is evidenced by a writing signed by both parties. F. Time of Essence: Time is and shall be of the essence of this Agreement and every provision hereof.

17. TERMINATION A. Except as expressly set forth in Paragraph 8 Recycled Water Application Restrictions herein, should one party breach any of the terms and conditions in this Agreement, written notice of such breach shall be given to the other party. If the breach is not cured within twenty-one (21) calendar days of the breach, the other party may, in addition to any remedies provided by this Agreement or by law, terminate this Agreement on an additional fifteen (15) calendar day's written notice to the breaching party.

18. RESTRICTIONS ON DISCHARGE INTO WATERS OF THE STATE A. Recycled Water User understands and acknowledges that District is legally required to dispose of recycled water on Lands during the Season as defined in Paragraph 5 (Recycled Water Delivery) and is not permitted to release it into the Sonoma Creek Watershed or its tributaries. Therefore, District is relying on a good-faith performance of Recycled Water User in accepting and using recycled water. If Recycled Water User, as reasonably

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 7 determined by District, fails to accept and dispose of the recycled water as agreed herein, Recycled Water User and District agree that District will suffer irreparable harm and will not be adequately compensated by money damages for said harm. The parties to this Agreement agree that District may obtain an injunction compelling specific performance of this Agreement together with such other relief as may be allowed under this Agreement or bylaw.

19. MEDIATION OF DISPUTES PRIOR TO ARBITRATION Except as provided in Paragraphs 8 (Recycled Water Application Restrictions), 17 (Termination), and 18 (Restrictions on Discharge into Waters of the State), if a dispute arises out of or relates to this Agreement, or an alleged breach of it, and if the dispute cannot be settled through negotiation, then before resorting to arbitration, the Recycled Water User and District agree first to try in good faith to settle the dispute by mediation. Costs for the mediation shall be borne equally by the parties, except costs for witnesses, preparation materials and evidence incurred by a party for its own benefit. If the parties cannot agree on a mediator or mediation rules to use the parties shall use the construction industry mediation procedures developed by the American Arbitration Association, with the following exceptions or terms in addition to those procedures: A. The mediation shall be conducted at Santa Rosa, California. B. Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, the mediation shall be concluded no later than ninety (90) days after initiation of the mediation. At the end of the mediation period, any party may elect to initiate arbitration pursuant to Paragraph 20 (Arbitration) of this Agreement. C. The parties shall exchange all relevant non-privileged documents fifteen (15) days before the first mediation session. Any mediation proceeding shall be confidential and shall not be admissible in a subsequent proceeding. If any party commences an arbitration or court action based on a dispute or claim to which this section applies without first attempting to resolve the matter through mediation, then the other party may apply to such arbitrator or judge for an order staying the arbitration or court action pending mediation.

20. ARBITRATION Except as provided in Paragraphs 8 (Recycled Water Application Restrictions), 17 (Termination), and 18 (Restrictions on Discharge into Waters of the State), any claims, disputes, or controversies arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or breach thereof, if not previously resolved by negotiation or mediation pursuant to Paragraph 19 (Mediation of Disputes prior to Arbitration) of this Agreement, shall be settled by arbitration administered by the American Arbitration Association under its Commercial Arbitration Rules (except as modified by A and B immediately below) and judgment upon the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof, provided, however, that: A. All arbitration proceedings shall take place in Santa Rosa, California. B. In order to expedite matters and limit costs consistent with the purposes of arbitration, the number of depositions and other discovery shall be appropriate to the amount in dispute and the complexity of the issues, and the arbitrator shall have express authority to limit the number of depositions and other discovery if the parties cannot agree. Written interrogatories will not be permitted. With these exceptions Commercial Arbitration Rules regarding discovery shall apply.

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 8 I I

EOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as set forth below.

Divisio Manager - Administrative Services Review d as to foh County Counsel:

Co~el '/ City of Son~ By:47//~ Carol Giovanatto (Please print name here)

Title: City Manager

By:-.£----h~~~-¥-L-~~~~~~~~~ Grant Davis, Genera anager Authorized per Board Action on January 15, 2002

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma 9 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

A notary public or other officer completing this certificate verifies only the identity of the individual who signed the document to which this certificate is attached, and not the truthfulness, accuracy, or validity of that document

State of Calif~~ Countyof ~~ )

On dcbVJerdtq(Jf)({p beforeme, mm~\~,rJ~Mltc (insert name and title of the officer) personally appeared GaVOJktl2&J (b , who proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

I certify under PENALTY OF PERJURY under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct -~( ·" ·.-, ', .... - '" · · ~ •• • • .• •• • •Met:~sA· J~iS •• f WITNESS my hand and official seal. COMM.#2014789 ... ·aiji NOTARY PUBLIC • CALIFORNIA ~ .. · . SONOMA COUNTY ~ t, ...... ~;'!":'1~~~.~~~t (Seal) ACKNOWLEDGMENT

State of Cali~mi~ / County of J'd1VOMA

On ~/~J.01~ beforeme, Liz. e. Maro5he/<.. (insert name and title of the officer) personally appeared C:.~ fl 0 L 6 t 0 VA- N /I TT0 who proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

I certify under PENALTY OF PERJURY under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing paragraph is true and correct. LIZ E. MAROSHEK Commission # 1992838 WITNESS my hand and official seal. ~ • "• Notary Public - California ~ z Sonoma County !: ). ;. ~· • .Mzgo~.~~s2c;2z-.2i1d

Signature

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma ATTACHMENT A LOCATION MAP

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma t: 0 II" I Y WATl!R, SVCSD Recycled Water User Figure " 100 City of Sonoma Recycled Water Agreement 1 I«~« Sult lnFttl

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma ATTACHMENT B RECYCLED WATER USE REQUIREMENTS

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma Allowable Uses of Recycled Water Allowable uses of recycled water are specified in CCR Title 22, Section 60303. According to CCR Title 22, disinfected tertiary recycled water can be used for irrigation of the following: • Food crops where recycled water contacts the edible portion of the crop, including all root crops. • Orchards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop. • Vineyards where the recycled water does not come into contact with the edible portion of the crop. • Non-food bearing trees. Christmas tree farms are included in this category provided no irrigation with recycled water occurs for a period of 14 days prior to allowing public access. • Fodder and fiber crops. • Seed crops not eaten by humans. • Food crops that must undergo commercial pathogen-destroying processing before being consumed by humans. • Cemeteries. • Freeway landscaping. • Restricted-access golf courses. • Ornamental nursery stock and sod farms. • Pasture for milk animals. • Irrigation of parks, schools and playgrounds. • Any inedible vegetation where access is controlled so that the irrigated area cannot be used as if it were part of a park, playground, or school yard.

Recycled Water Use Agreement - City of Sonoma