DOCSLIB.ORG

Measuring U.S. Inflation Using European Methods

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Measuring U.S. Inflation Using European Methods Consumer Price Index: Second Quarter 2010 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics August 2011 Volume 2, Number 7 Index of Consumer Prices (EICP), the aggregate Current Price Topics HICP for the entire EU. Eurostat also produces Measuring U.S. Inflation average HICPs for other European areas and Using European Methods country groups, such as the Eurozone. Euro- stat publishes these HICPs in its monthly press Common international standards for pro- release.5 The European Central Bank (ECB), the ducing economic statistics—such as the monetary authority that regulates the euro, is measures of inflation—are important for the a primary user of the HICP. The ECB uses the increasingly integrated world economy. This HICP to formulate Eurozone monetary policy. is particularly true for the 27 countries1 of the Some countries outside of Europe also calcu- European Union (EU) whose economies now late an HICP for the ECB and for their own use. are a single market, and it is even more criti- The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has cal for the 17 EU countries2 of the Eurozone been producing a US-HICP6 as an experimen- that replaced their own monetary units with tal index7 since 2006. the euro. Consequently, the EU requires each member country and prospective member The U.S. HICP differs from the official U.S. country to produce standardized (harmo- CPI—in two major respects: population cover- nized in euro-speak) economic statistics. The age and the treatment of owner-occupied EU's statistical agency, Eurostat, develops the housing. The CPI-U's target population is standards in consultation with the statistical urban consumers, noninstitutional residents agencies of the EU member states. of metropolitan areas and urban places in the United States; their consumption expendi- The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices tures are the basis for the CPI-U weights. On (HICP)3 is Eurostat's standard consumer price the other hand, Eurostat specifies that HICP index. Eurostat chose this name to distin- targets a country's total population: rural as guish the HICP from the old consumer price well as urban. BLS was able to expand the indexes; many European statistical offices population coverage for the US-HICP to the continue to produce their countries' tradi- total (noninstitutional) U.S. population, be- tional CPIs for historical continuity and for cause the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE), internal purposes, such as adjusting pensions. which is the source for the CPI weights, covers These statistical offices now also produce rural areas. As the CPI does not collect prices HICPs for their respective countries. Eurostat in rural areas, the US-HICP uses the price averages4 the national HICPs to produce the movement of non-metropolitan urban places multinational HICPs, including the European in each of the four census regions to stand in 1 CURRENT PRICE TOPICS for rural price change in each region. (BLS was able to differences in the pricing and usage not able to add the institutional population, of motor fuel. The motor fuel component has which consists largely of residents of prisons more weight9 in the United States, reflecting and nursing homes; but this population's its much greater usage. At the same time, expenditures are very low, so this probably is motor fuel's percent price change is smaller in not a serious omission.8) Europe where the consumption tax is a larger portion of fuel's price to consumers. The second difference between the U.S. CPI-U and an HICP is in the treatment of owner- occupied housing, which is subject to differ- Current Price Trends ent conceptual approaches in various price All Items Less Food and indexes. The US-CPI-U uses a rental- Energy Pushes Retail equivalence approach, which uses market Inflation rents to impute owners' shelter costs. Al- though this has become a common approach All items internationally, two other alternatives are The all items Consumer Price Index for All used, as well. The acquisitions approach re- Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased at a 1.5- gards houses as comparable to other durable percent seasonally adjusted annual rate goods and uses their purchase price in the (SAAR) during the second quarter of 2011. index. The other alternative is the user-cost (See chart 1.) For the first 6 months of 2011, approach in which the conceptual objective the index rose at a 3.8-percent SAAR. This is to estimate the cost of producing shelter compares with an increase of 1.5 percent in services for the occupant. The Europeans were 2010. unable to agree on a conceptual approach for the HICP, and so Eurostat decided that for Decelerations in the energy and food indexes now their consumer price index would omit offset an acceleration in the index for all items owner-occupied housing. less food and energy, leaving all items increas- ing at a slower pace than that of the first Table 1 compares inflation rates for the 9 years quarter of 2011. The indexes for energy, food for which we have US-HICP results. Note that, and all items less food and energy all rose in over this period, the US-HICP, which excludes 2010 and have increased more rapidly so far owner-occupied housing, rose more than the in 2011, with the index for all items rising at official CPI-U, which includes this housing. more than double the pace of its 2010 in- Both U.S. series show that the United States crease. has experienced greater price volatility than Europe, particularly in the last 4 years. The Energy great U.S. price volatility is largely attribut- Energy declined at a 12.5-percent SAAR in 2 CURRENT PRICE TOPICS the second quarter of 2011 after rising at a 7.7-percent increase in all of 2010. Within the 42.4-percent rate in the first quarter. For the energy component, the gasoline index fell at first 6 months of 2011, the energy index has a 20.5-percent SAAR in the second quarter of climbed at an 11.6-percent SAAR, following a 2011, after advancing at a rate of 71.2 percent Table 1. The HICP; annual change from previous year and 9-year change European Union Year Eurozone (EU) US-HICP CPI-U (17 countries) (27 countries) 2002 2.3 2.1 2.2 1.6 2003 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 2004 2.2 2.0 2.8 2.7 2005 2.2 2.2 3.9 3.4 2006 2.2 2.2 3.2 3.2 2007 2.1 2.3 2.6 2.8 2008 3.3 3.7 4.4 3.8 2009 0.3 1.0 –0.9 –0.4 2010 1.6 2.1 2.5 1.6 2001–2010 19.8 21.4 24.8 23.1 NOTE: All figures are calculated from annual averages, except the 2002 and 2001–2010. The US-HICP figures are calculated from December 2001. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Chart 1. CPI-U percent changes: All items, food, energy, and all items less food and energy for 2010, and first and second quarter 2011 Percent change 50 2010 change, not seasonally adjusted 42.4 40 2011 1st quarter change, seasonally adjusted annual rate 30 2011 2nd quarter change, seasonally adjusted annual rate 20 7.5 7.7 10 6.1 4.1 1.5 1.5 1.5 0.8 2.0 2.9 0 -10 -12.5 -20 All items Food Energy All items less food and energy SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 3 CURRENT PRICE TRENDS during the first quarter. The gasoline index climbed at a 3.5-percent SAAR. All three of its increased 13.8 percent in 2010. major components contributed to the move, with the fuel oil index increasing the fastest, The household energy index also turned at a rate of 44.1 percent. The natural gas index down in the second quarter of 2011, slipping (5.6-percent SAAR) and the electricity index 0.1 SAAR, after rising at a 7.2-percent rate (0.2-percent SAAR) also contributed positively in the first quarter. The electricity index was to the household energy increase during the the major cause of the downturn, falling at a first half of 2011. 2.2-percent rate in the second quarter follow- ing a 2.7-percent SAAR increase in the first Crude oil prices continued to be volatile dur- quarter. The natural gas index increased at an ing the second quarter of 2011, peaking at 8.0-percent SAAR in the second quarter, after $116.53 per barrel in late April.10 Correspond- rising at a 3.3-percent rate in the first quarter ingly, gasoline prices have risen, increasing of 2011. The index for fuel oil significantly 35.6 percent from June 2010 to June 2011. slowed its rate of increase to 0.3 percent in The April 2011 peak in crude oil prices re- the second quarter of 2011, from a 106.9- mains below the July 2008 peak of $134 a percent rate in the first quarter. For the first barrel. Similarly, gasoline prices remain below half of 2011, the household energy index their 2008 peak so far this year. Chart 2. Twelve-month percent change, all items and all items less food and energy, January 2009–June 2011 Percent change 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 -1.0 All items All items less food and energy -2.0 -3.0 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 2009 2010 2011 SOURCE: U.S.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Towards an Understanding of the Contemporary Artist-Led Collective
    The Ecology of Cultural Space: Towards an Understanding of the Contemporary Artist-led Collective John David Wright University of Leeds School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2019 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. The right of John David Wright to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. 1 Acknowledgments Thank you to my supervisors, Professor Abigail Harrison Moore and Professor Chris Taylor, for being both critical and constructive throughout. Thank you to members of Assemble and the team at The Baltic Street Playground for being incredibly welcoming, even when I asked strange questions. I would like to especially acknowledge Fran Edgerley for agreeing to help build a Yarn Community dialogue and showing me Sugarhouse Studios. A big thank you to The Cool Couple for engaging in construcutive debate on wide-ranging subject matter. A special mention for all those involved in the mapping study, you all responded promptly to my updates. Thank you to the members of the Retro Bar at the End of the Universe, you are my friends and fellow artivists! I would like to acknowledge the continued support I have received from the academic community in the School of Fine Art, History of Art and Cultural Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The United Nations' Political Aversion to the European Microstates
    UN-WELCOME: The United Nations’ Political Aversion to the European Microstates -- A Thesis -- Submitted to the University of Michigan, in partial fulfillment for the degree of HONORS BACHELOR OF ARTS Department Of Political Science Stephen R. Snyder MARCH 2010 “Elephants… hate the mouse worst of living creatures, and if they see one merely touch the fodder placed in their stall they refuse it with disgust.” -Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia, 77 AD Acknowledgments Though only one name can appear on the author’s line, there are many people whose support and help made this thesis possible and without whom, I would be nowhere. First, I must thank my family. As a child, my mother and father would try to stump me with a difficult math and geography question before tucking me into bed each night (and a few times they succeeded!). Thank you for giving birth to my fascination in all things international. Without you, none of this would have been possible. Second, I must thank a set of distinguished professors. Professor Mika LaVaque-Manty, thank you for giving me a chance to prove myself, even though I was a sophomore and studying abroad did not fit with the traditional path of thesis writers; thank you again for encouraging us all to think outside the box. My adviser, Professor Jenna Bednar, thank you for your enthusiastic interest in my thesis and having the vision to see what needed to be accentuated to pull a strong thesis out from the weeds. Professor Andrei Markovits, thank you for your commitment to your students’ work; I still believe in those words of the Moroccan scholar and will always appreciate your frank advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume-5, Issue-3, August-2018 ISSN No: 2349-5677
    Volume-5, Issue-3, August-2018 ISSN No: 2349-5677 BUSINESS CYCLES SYNCHRONIZATION: THE CASE OF EUROPEAN MICROSTATES Dapontas Dimitrios PhD. University of Peloponnese Kalavryta, Greece dapontas@uop.gr Abstract The present paper is presenting the case of five European microstates (Andorra, Lichtenstein Malta, Monaco and San Marino) respectively under the spectral analysis framework we compare the larger business cycle frequencies deployed under our knowledge (58 years 1960- 2017) to a set of four sized neighboring countries (France, Italy. Spain and Switzerland) in order to define if the microstates cycles are synchronized due to country’s size, to adjoining country or possible participation on international organizations such as European Economic Area or European monetary Union. The results show that the link to the adjacent state is stronger than the one with the same acreage or possible union counterpart due to monetary and import dependence bonds. Index Terms—Microstate, balance of payments, monetary policy, spectral analysis. I. INTRODUCTION Europe has a long history of very small countries limited to geographic or demographic limitations. The term “microstate” though is not really clear. A definition given by Dumiensky (2014) can conclude that they are “Currently established and sovereign states who gave part of their authority to stronger and grater nations, in order to protect their economic, political and social prosperity and extend them out of their limited breadth. Under this framework we can name five microstates on the European continent (Malta, Monaco, Lichtenstein, San Marino and Andorra). The present manuscript is presenting the business cycles patterns for these countries answering some important questions related to the size and the importance of these countries to the international economic system.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the 2019 ASN (Association for the Study of Nationalities)
    Report on the 2019 ASN (Association for the Study of Nationalities) Convention at the Columbia University in New York On Thursday, 2 May 2019, the Association for the Study of Nationalities national convention hosted a panel entitled “Imagining the Balkans in a Post‐Western Global Order” chaired by Francine Friedman(Ball State University). David Kanin (Johns Hopkins University) posed the premise that the West is in decline, meaning that we are currently living in the post‐Western global order. This is due to the permanent change of resources and influence such that the old powerful countries no longer hold the supreme position that they used to hold. The European project, based on the decline of the old European empires, is no longer feasible. The U.S. is in decline, but is in denial that Wester norms such as democracy and transparency are experiencing a loss of global importance and influence. The Balkans were useful as Western objects, but are now not so easily manipulable. The Balkans could not previously construct its own regional power and economic structure, and it still cannot. While Western influence will remain, it does not appear that the Balkans will en masse joint the European Union, or, if they do, it will be less to them than it could have been previously. The U.S. will seem further away from them than ever; the U.S. cannot get away with its mistakes like previously (i.e., we cannot any longer send many troops to try to mend a situation like we did, say, with Vietnam). The norms touted by the West will diminish before Western forms disappear, so that the norms will have less content to them.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Cooperation with Non-Member Neighboring Countries: the Principle of Variable Geometry
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Dabrowski, Marek Working Paper EU cooperation with non-member neighboring countries: The principle of variable geometry CASE Network Reports, No. 119 Provided in Cooperation with: Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), Warsaw Suggested Citation: Dabrowski, Marek (2014) : EU cooperation with non-member neighboring countries: The principle of variable geometry, CASE Network Reports, No. 119, ISBN 978-83-7178-610-5, Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), Warsaw This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/119875 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Materials published here have a working paper character. They can be subject to further publication.
    [Show full text]
  • An Analysis of Five European Microstates
    Geoforum, Vol. 6, pp. 187-204, 1975. Pergamon Press Ltd. Printed in Great Britain The Plight of the Lilliputians: an Analysis of Five European Microstates Honor6 M. CATUDAL, Jr., Collegeville, Minn.” Summary: The mini- or microstate is an important but little studied phenomenon in political geography. This article seeks to redress the balance and give these entities some of the attention they deserve. In general, five microstates are examined; all are located in Western Europe-Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican. The degree to which each is autonomous in its internal affairs is thoroughly explored. And the extent to which each has control over its external relations is investigated. Disadvantages stemming from its small size strike at the heart of the ministate problem. And they have forced these nations to adopt practices which should be of use to large states. Zusammenfassung: Dem Zwergstaat hat die politische Geographie wenig Beachtung geschenkt. Urn diese Liicke zu verengen, werden hier fiinf Zwergstaaten im westlichen Europa untersucht: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco, San Marino und der Vatikan. Das Ma13der inneren und lul3eren Autonomie wird griindlich untersucht. Die Kleinheit hat die Zwargstaaten zu Anpassungsformen gezwungen, die such fiir groRe Staaten van Bedeutung sein k8nnten. R&sum& Les Etats nains n’ont g&e fait I’objet d’Btudes de geographic politique. Afin de combler cette lacune, cinq mini-Etats sent examines ici; il s’agit de I’Andorre, du Liechtenstein, de Monaco, de Saint-Marin et du Vatican. Dans quelle mesure ces Etats disposent-ils de l’autonomie interne at ont-ils le contrble de leurs relations extirieures.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Law WP 51 Lopez Cover
    Stanford – Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum A joint initiative of Stanford Law School and the University of Vienna School of Law European Union Law Working Papers No. 51 San Marino: Navigating the European Union as a Microstate Thomas W. Lopez 2021 European Union Law Working Papers Editors: Siegfried Fina and Roland Vogl About the European Union Law Working Papers The European Union Law Working Paper Series presents research on the law and policy of the European Union. The objective of the European Union Law Working Paper Series is to share “works in progress”. The authors of the papers are solely responsible for the content of their contributions and may use the citation standards of their home country. The working papers can be found at http://ttlf.stanford.edu. The European Union Law Working Paper Series is a joint initiative of Stanford Law School and the University of Vienna School of Law’s LLM Program in European and International Business Law. If you should have any questions regarding the European Union Law Working Paper Series, please contact Professor Dr. Siegfried Fina, Jean Monnet Professor of European Union Law, or Dr. Roland Vogl, Executive Director of the Stanford Program in Law, Science and Technology, at: Stanford-Vienna Transatlantic Technology Law Forum http://ttlf.stanford.edu Stanford Law School University of Vienna School of Law Crown Quadrangle Department of Business Law 559 Nathan Abbott Way Schottenbastei 10-16 Stanford, CA 94305-8610 1010 Vienna, Austria About the Author Thomas W. Lopez is a J.D. candidate at Stanford Law School. He earned his bachelor’s degree in History from Yale University in 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Issuance of Vatican Passports to Trans-Mediterranean Immigrants a Modest Proposal Worthy of the 21St Century? -- /
    Alternative view of segmented documents via Kairos 15 June 2015 | Draft Issuance of Vatican Passports to Trans-Mediterranean Immigrants A Modest Proposal Worthy of the 21st Century? -- / -- Introduction Historical and systemic responsibility of the Catholic Church Emotional blackmail consequent on irresponsible delegation of systemic responsibility Modest proposal: issue Vatican passports to all refugees arriving in Europe Feasibility of issuing internationally recognized Vatican passports Highly controversial historical precedent? Holy See / Vatican State as an indicative embodiment of existential uncertainty? Re-imagining the dynamic of potential existence References Introduction In this period much is made of the genius of humanity in enabling travel to Mars. However, in the same period, Europe is clearly at a total strategic loss in the face of mass migration across the Mediterranean from Africa -- with all the dangers to human life, and all the poverty and fear driving that process. Over 100,000 are estimated to have arrived in Europe in the first six months of 2015, compared with an estimated 170,100 migrants in 2014, exceeding by far the 42,925 of the previous year.. There is seemingly a lack of new thinking appropriate to this strategic confusion regarding an increasingly problematic situation. This is to be compared to the creativity and expertise deployed in the exploration of outer space, as discussed separately (Challenges More Difficult for Science than Going to Mars, 2014). As a provocation, a previous exercise envisaged the possibility of emulating the pre-emptive sinking of the Rainbow Warrior of Greenpeace, in a New Zealand harbour by French government agents (without loss of life), as an example of a strategy which could be explored with respect to any vessels suspected of preparing to smuggle people from African harbours (12 Strategic Questions for Europe Regarding Forced Immigration from Africa -- in the light of the continuing influx and the associated fatalities, 19 April 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • RE100 Market Boundary Criteria 1
    Market boundary for making corporate renewable electricity uses claims Document No. RE100/TAG/2019/02 | 27 May 2019 To claim use of renewables as part of an RE100 commitment, companies must source renewable electricity from within the boundary of the market in which they are consuming the electricity. Ideally the “market boundary” refers to an area in which the laws and regulatory framework governing the electricity sector are sufficiently consistent between the areas of production and consumption and there is a physical grid interconnection indicating a level of system-wide coordination between countries (and ideally if these countries’ utilities/energy suppliers recognize each other’s energy sourcing instruments). Based on our current knowledge, we define the market boundary for most of the countries as their geographical boundary, except the following: • North America: We consider USA + Canada to be a single market for renewable electricity sourcing and reporting. • Europe: i. We consider the “European Single Market” to be a single market for renewable electricity. We define this as the countries from European Union (EU-28), and European Economic Area (EEA). Please note, we do not consider Iceland to be part of this market as there is no grid interconnection to mainland Europe. ii. We will be reviewing the EU market periodically based on changes to mutual agreements with the EU as per Article 19, paragraph 11, of the REDII, and other major changes such as new grid interconnections. Should this involve proposals to remove any countries from the current market definition, any changes will be subject to consultation, with grandfathering of existing deals and a reasonable notice period (see note 2).
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future
    STUDY Requested by the ECON committee The Economic and Monetary Union: Past, Present and Future Monetary Dialogue January 2019 Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies Author: Marek Dabrowski Directorate-General for Internal Policies EN PE 631.040 - January 2019 The Economic and Monetary Union: Its Past, Present and Future Monetary Dialogue January 2019 Abstract Twenty years of euro history confirms the euro’s stability and position as the second global currency. It also enjoys the support of majority of the euro area population and is seen as a good thing for the European Union. The European Central Bank has been successful in keeping inflation at a low level. However, the European debt and financial crisis in the 2010s created a need for deep institutional reform and this task remains unfinished. This document was provided by Policy Department A at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. This document was requested by the European Parliament's Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs. AUTHORS Marek Dabrowski, CASE – Center for Social and Economic Research ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Dario PATERNOSTER EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Janetta CUJKOVA LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR Policy departments provide in-house and external expertise to support EP committees and other parliamentary bodies in shaping legislation and exercising democratic scrutiny over EU internal policies. To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe for updates, please write to: Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies European Parliament L-2929 - Luxembourg Email: Poldep-Economy-Science@ep.europa.eu Manuscript completed in January 2019 © European Union, 2019 This document is available on the internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/committees/en/econ/monetary-dialogue.html DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Asia the Caucasus
    CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Volume 15 Issue 2 2014 CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies Published since 2000 Volume 15 Issue 2 2014 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 1 Volume 15 FOUNDEDIssue 2 2014 AND PUBLISHEDCENTRAL ASIA AND THEBY CAUCASUS INSTITUTE INSTITUTE OF FOR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES OF CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 Journal registration number: 23 614 State Administration for Patents and Registration of Sweden E d i t o r i a l C o u n c i l Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council ISMAILOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 497 12 22; E-mail: elis@tdb.baku.az Murad ESENOV Editor-in-Chief Tel./fax: (46) 70 232 16 55; E-mail: m.esenov@gmail.com Jannatkhan Deputy Editor-in-Chief EYVAZOV Tel./fax: (994 - 12) 596 11 73; E-mail: jeyvazov@gmail.com Kalamkas represents the journal in Kazakhstan (Astana) YESSIMOVA Tel./fax: (7 - 701) 7408600; E-mail: kesimova@gmail.com Ainura represents the journal in Kyrgyzstan (Bishkek) ELEBAEVA Tel./fax: (996 - 312) 61 30 36; E-mail: ainur_eb@mail.ru Saodat OLIMOVA represents the journal in Tajikistan (Dushanbe) Tel.: (992 372) 21 89 95; E-mail: olimov@tajik.net Farkhad represents the journal in Uzbekistan (Tashkent) TOLIPOV Tel.: (9987 - 1) 125 43 22; E-mail: farkhad_tolipov@yahoo.com Ziya KENGERLI represents the journal in Azerbaijan (Baku) Tel.: (+994
    [Show full text]
  • The Accession of Micro-States to the Council of Europe: a First Step Towards Their Recognition As Actors of European Integration
    RECERC / Article ©Tous droits réservés / Tots drets reservats The Accession of Micro-States to the Council of Europe: A First Step Towards their Recognition as Actors of European Integration. Birte WASSENBERG Professor of contemporary History at the Institut of Political of Strasbourg (France Introduction which was set up at the beginning of the European Integration process and which reunites all European The micro-states in Europe are an interesting member states sharing the basic values of human rights, phenomenon. They are often seen as “laboratories of democracy and the rule of law: the Council of Europe, governance”, because they are very small, so small that created on 5th of May 1949 in Strasbourg by ten founding they need to develop specific tools in order to be member states (France, UK, benelux, Italy, Sweden, recognized as independent political actors1. Especially Denmark, Norway, Ireland) and which today counts 47 in terms of foreign policy, they are often discarded as European states including Turkey and Russia6. Even the insignificant players in International Relations. However, Vatican as the smallest of the micro-states has obtained throughout the 20th century, with increasing globalization in 1970 an observer status among the Council of and decreasing monopoly of the Nation State as an Europe. international actor, they have developed their own capacity of foreign diplomacy, sometimes as “mediators” Why do the European micro-states demand for between the great world powers and other times as accession to the Council of Europe, but do not join the important micro-diplomates in their specific regional EU? What is their attitude to the process of European area2.
    [Show full text]