PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB6831 Urgent Flood Mitigation Project Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Sector Flood Protection (100%) Project ID P111034 Borrower(s) REPUBLIC OF Implementing Agency 1. Ministry of Public Works (MoPW) Jl. Pattimura 20, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia Tel: + 62-21-726 2366; Fax: + 62-21-726 1292 2. DKI Jakarta Provincial Government Balaikota Jakarta, Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan 8-9, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia Tel: + 62-21-382 2305; Fax: + 62-21-381 2854 Environment Category [X] A [ ] B [ ] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Public Disclosure Authorized Date PID Prepared October 13, 2011 Date of Appraisal September 8, 2011 Authorization Date of Board Approval January 17, 2012

Country and Sector Background

Country Context

1. Macroeconomic Context . Since the political, environmental and economic shocks that shook the nation during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997/8, political and institutional reforms

Public Disclosure Authorized over the last decade have led to a stable and vibrant democracy in Indonesia. Political power is now broadly shared among the several branches of government, and widely decentralized to the levels of provincial and local governments under the 2001 regional autonomy laws. Indonesia’s economy has also performed well, averaging five to six percent annually over the past decade despite the slowing world economy. Projections expect 6.4% growth in 2011, increasing to around 6.7% in 2012.

2. Low infrastructure investments and poor maintenance. A collapse in investments sparked by the 1997/98 financial crisis has led to a long backlog in infrastructure development. Furthermore, poor maintenance of existing infrastructure continues to deteriorate the capacity for providing sufficient public services. In recent years however, infrastructure investment has begun to recover, reaching 3.95% of GDP by 2008. This is not yet at pre-crisis levels and is inadequate to reverse the investment backlog and to meet the growing demand from existing Public Disclosure Authorized infrastructure users, let alone satisfy the large population who lack access to basic services. Investments planned and underway also tend to prioritize new infrastructure development while operation and maintenance (O&M) is still neglected.

3. Reversing lagging infrastructure development . Inadequate infrastructure is a significant constraint to Indonesia’s growth potential. The Government of Indonesia (GoI) has adopted an ambitious plan to rebuild and develop infrastructure. In the period from 2010-14, budget expenditure is expected to increase by more than thirty percent compared with the previous five year period. It is essential for Indonesia’s infrastructure institutions to translate these resources into better development outcomes. However, they face significant constraints and challenges. The coordination amongst, and clarity of roles and responsibilities between, the various levels of government remain inadequate. The capacity of provincial and local governments charged with the responsibility of basic service delivery is still weak. GoI has not yet provided an appropriate system of incentives, nor empowered local administrations with the authority and financial resources needed to improve and maintain public infrastructure. Effective procedures and regulations for financial transfers from central to provincial and local governments have not been fully established.

4. The need for improved social policies and better environmental oversight . Land acquisition for public purposes is a frequent source of delay in infrastructure projects. Indonesia’s standards of compensation for land acquisition, especially involuntary resettlement of informal communities does not yet meet international standards. In DKI (Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta ), eviction has been a long-standing policy and practice for repossessing government land mainly for the development of projects in the public interest. The implementation of evictions has evolved over time with a positive trend towards more equitable approaches. There have been recent efforts to improve and streamline social safeguards measures, including the effort to enact a law on Land Acquisition for Public Interest Infrastructure Development and the issuance of the Guidelines for Providing Compensation to Users of State Land by the Governor of DKI Jakarta. The efforts to improve public sector governance, land acquisition, and environmental management which have in the past mired effective provision of infrastructure services need to be redoubled. On environmental oversight, while the policy framework for oversight appears sufficient, the implementation of environmental management and monitoring plans requires improvement.

Sectoral and Institutional Context

5. The primacy of Jakarta . Jakarta is the preeminent urban center of Indonesia. It is the main commercial hub of Indonesia and contributes about 25% of Indonesia’s non-oil GDP (the non-oil GDP is estimated at about US$571 billion in current terms in 2009). As the economic and political center of Indonesia, regional urbanization has also contributed to making Jakarta one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. The Special Capital District of Jakarta (DKI) covers an area of approximately 650 km2 with a population of about 9 million. The population of Greater Jakarta (covering about 7,300 km2) stood at 23.7 million in 2005. Population growth rates are far above the national average and are projected to exceed 35 million people by 2020. Up to 250,000 rural-urban migrants are estimated to move to Jakarta every year, contributing to the increase in informal settlements where people live without the benefit of public services (e.g., transportation, water supply, sanitation and waste management). Due to rapid growth and inadequate development of public services, the city has become known for a host of problems the most severe of which are manifested in disastrous perennial flooding. Any effort to improve and

increase the access to basic public services and adequate flood mitigation for the population of Indonesia needs to include Jakarta as a focus area.

6. Flood management infrastructure in Jakarta . Greater Jakarta is surrounded by several dormant volcanoes whose slopes form the upstream catchment areas of the 13 major rivers that flow through DKI to the Java Sea. The rainy season begins in late November and ends in early April. DKI sits in the lowest lying areas of the basin. Forty percent of DKI lies below sea level, including most of , which is being severely threatened by acute land subsidence. The basic principle of flood management in Jakarta is to divert peak flows from upstream areas around the core of the city, directing flows to the East and West of Jakarta via two major flood canals emptying into Jakarta Bay. Within the city, the macro drainage system of DKI consists of 13 rivers and a large number of drainage channels. The macro drainage system can be divided into several subsystems that are separated by floodgates. In low-lying areas there are polders, which are protective systems that utilize retention reservoirs at the lowest point and regulate excess water levels by pumping out of the system. However, the originally planned flood management system remains incomplete and does not function as a fully integrated system. The East flood ( banjir ) canal was recently completed but is not yet fully functional. Furthermore, the east-west canals are not yet connected into an integrated diversion system, which would allow better stormwater management and control. Poor condition of the system, severe under- implementation of operations and maintenance (O&M), and inadequate local drainage management result in rapidly occurring inundations during rainfall conditions. Interventions are often introduced at the local level utilizing private funds, which result in floods being transferred to and experienced most acutely by the poorest populations.

7. Incidences of floods in Jakarta . Flood incidences are perennial occurrences and have been increasing in severity during the past decade. Floods in January 1996, February 2002, and February 2007 were especially devastating. The 2007 event inundated 235 km2 (about 36%) of the city, by up to seven meters in some areas. The 2007 floods affected more than 2.6 million people and forced 340,000 people to flee their homes. Over 70 people died and outbreaks of disease affected over 200,000 people. The estimated financial and economic losses from the 2007 flood amounted to US$900 million. Inundations continue to occur under any sustained rainfall conditions. In 2008 a flood event closed the airport toll road, cancelling over 1,000 flights and causing serious disruptions for the city. Floods in 2009 also occurred at high intensity and have continued into 2010, which became the year without a dry season due to the La Niña effect.

8. Causes of floods in Jakarta . The overall urbanization trends are central to the causes of Jakarta flooding. This has led to the deterioration of several critical factors. The encroachment and/or development of critical catchment areas (and the lack of systematic catchment degradation mitigation measures) have resulted in both increased rainwater runoff and lack of natural stormwater retention areas both within the city and in upstream areas of the catchment. Increased generation and inadequate management of solid waste have contributed to waste choked canals and floodways, exacerbated by the lack of maintenance resulting in crumbling structures and sediment build-up so extreme that some canals are operating at less than a third of their original capacity. Land subsidence continues at increasingly alarming rates, principally

caused by intensive deep groundwater abstraction. Recent studies have found typical subsidence rates of 7.5 - 10 cm a year. In localized areas of north Jakarta subsidence in the range 15 - 25 cm a year is occurring which, if sustained, would result in them sinking to 4 - 5 m below sea level by 2025. Land subsidence results in increased vulnerability to flooding due to the reduced gravitational capacity to channel storm flows to the sea and an increased risk of tidal flooding. The foregoing factors could be further combined with climate change effects of a rise in sea levels and an increase in both the frequency and intensity of rainfall resulting in even worse flood scenarios. Flood events in Jakarta are expected to become more frequent in coming years, with a shift from previously slow natural processes with low frequency to a high frequency process resulting in severe socio-economic damage.

9. Flood management institutions in Jakarta . Until recently, the institutional framework for the development and management of flood management infrastructure in Jakarta has been in a state of flux as it evolved during the country’s transition towards regional autonomy. After a period of changing responsibilities between various agencies for various canals and floodways, the framework has settled into one where responsibility is shared between two central government agencies and the Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta). The Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung - Cisadane (BBWSCC) was newly restructured in 2006 under the Directorate General of Water Resource (DGWR) of the Ministry of Public Works (MoPW) and is responsible for the major floodways of Jakarta. Meanwhile, the Directorate General of Human Settlements (DGCK) of the MoPW is responsible for a set of canals considered of national importance i.e., with major impacts on critical national institutions. DKI Jakarta, through its provincial public works office (DPU-DKI), is responsible for the remaining drains, floodways and retention basins. The DPU-DKI and MoPW agencies were very much oriented towards infrastructure development and not infrastructure operations and maintenance (O&M). While the individual agencies may have technical experience in the construction and maintenance of the infrastructure, the key capacity weakness lies in the lack of inter-agency coordination. However, there is a lack of coordinated management between these organizations for the development, and operations and maintenance of the flood canals. For regular maintenance BBWSCC and DPU-DKI are still inadequate in terms of capacity, personnel and funding. However, realizing the need for continual maintenance, both DKI Jakarta and MoPW in recent years have formed dedicated O&M divisions responsible for drainage and increased funding. The opportunity exists for the Bank and GOI’s development partners to support and assist with improving the O&M of Jakarta’s flood management system.

10. The challenge of flood mitigation and management in Jakarta . Jakarta’s existing flood management system requires considerable rehabilitation, which needs to be complemented by improved planning in flood management and appropriate routine maintenance to ensure a system for flood management that can operate at optimum capacity. Given the worsening flooding situation affecting such large numbers of people in the primary political and economic center of Indonesia, the maintenance of the status quo is unacceptable. Yet the foregoing sections clearly show the enormity of the challenges. Any efforts to improve flood mitigation and management in Jakarta is mired simultaneously with the challenges of, and risks inherent in, (i) improving O&M where there is lack of coordination amongst responsible institutions, (ii) ramping up investments after a decade long investment backlog in a decentralized institutional structure that has yet to be fully functional, (iii) rehabilitating infrastructure amongst informal settlements with

histories of controversial evictions and resettlement practices, and (iv) operating in an atmosphere of weak environmental management and monitoring. Added to these operational challenges are the lack of adequate urban planning and coordination amongst the multiple local governments in the catchment area, and continuing land subsidence which effects on floods are expected to be made worse by climate change. A major intervention focused on maintenance could be a catalyst to develop the momentum for instituting the appropriate coordination arrangements, and increase the capacity to begin addressing the development challenges in a holistic manner.

Project Objectives

11. Project Development Objective . The Project Development Objective (PDO) is to contribute to the improvement of the operation and maintenance of priority sections of Jakarta’s flood management system. The PDO will be achieved through: a) Dredging sections of selected key floodways, canals and retention basins to improve their flow capacities, and disposing the dredge material in proper facilities; b) Rehabilitating and constructing embankment in sections of, and repairing or replacing mechanical equipment in, the same selected key floodways, canals and retention basins to sustain and improve their operations; c) Establishing institutional coordination between the three responsible agencies to encourage coordinated development, and operations and maintenance (O&M) of Jakarta's flood management system, and d) Strengthening the capability of the responsible agencies to improve the operations, maintenance and management of Jakarta's flood management system.

12. Key Project Activities . The project aim is to support the dredging of the key floodways, canals and retention basins of Jakarta's flood management system and dispose the dredged material in a proper facility, using sustainable best practices (focusing on institutional coordination, and environment and social sustainability). These activities are expected to introduce improved Operations and Maintenance (O&M) practices in four key areas: (i) Dredging - modern technology and best practice; (ii) Environmental - responsible dredge material disposal; (iii) Social - equitable resettlement practices; and (iv) Institutional - coordinated routine maintenance planning and practice.

Rationale for Bank Involvement

13. Consistency with and support to the CPS . The project is fully consistent with the Country Partnership Strategy (CPS). It supports the coordination between central and local government agencies towards improving the provision of basic services (i.e., drainage and flood management) to the public. This will contribute towards the cross-cutting engagement areas identified in the CPS i.e., strengthening both central government and sub-national governments’ institutions and systems. More specifically, the project will support (i) the CPS Core Engagement 2 – Infrastructure, by helping to increase the quantity and efficiency of national and sub-national governments spending on infrastructure, and (ii) the CPS Core Engagement 5 – Environmental Sustainability and Disaster Mitigation, by helping to improve the flood

management system in Jakarta, as well as establishing and demonstrating sound environmental and equitable resettlement processes and standards modeled on international good practices.

14. Support to decentralization . The key hindrance to the efforts at reviving infrastructure spending and reversing Indonesia’s decade-long infrastructure backlog is the lack of effective procedures and processes for financial transfers, as well as the lack of support from central to provincial and local governments. This project is expected to be amongst the first to utilize the new revisions of two Government Regulations that provides for central government financial support to local governments for economically beneficial projects. By helping to operationalize this system (which would allow for future borrowing from local governments for economically beneficial projects that are not directly revenue generating), the project is contributing towards Indonesia’s decentralization and regional empowerment efforts as enshrined in the 2001 regional autonomy laws.

Project Description

15. The Project components are summarized as follows:

(a) Component 1 . Dredging and rehabilitation of selected key floodways, canals and retention basins (US$176.1m, including contingencies). This component will support the dredging and rehabilitation of 11 floodways / canals and four retention basins which have been identified as priority sections of the Jakarta flood management system in need of urgent rehabilitation and improvement in flow capacities. The dredge material will be transported and disposed into proper disposal sites. The 11 floodways / canals are estimated to have a total length of 67.5 km, while the four retention basins estimated to cover a total area of 65.1 hectares. About 42.2 km of embankments are expected to be rehabilitated or constructed within these floodways, canals and retention basins. Where necessary, mechanical equipment (pumps, gates, etc) will be replaced or repaired.

(b) Component 2 . Technical assistance for project management, social safeguards, and capacity building (US$13.4, including contingencies) . This component will support contract management, engineering design reviews, construction supervision engineers for the dredging and rehabilitation works and technical assistance. Technical assistance includes support to improve institutional coordination for operations and maintenance of Jakarta’s flood management system as well as the establishment of a Flood Management Information System (FMIS). Provision has been made for the cost of implementing required Resettlement Plans, as well as the establishment and operations of a project Grievance Redress System (GRS) and a Panel of Experts (POE).

16. Disposal Sites . All sections of project floodways / canals and retention basins will be tested for hazardous material prior to dredging. Separate disposal sites have been identified for the disposal of non-hazardous material, solid waste material and hazardous material (if any)

dredged from the project sites. The disposal sites are not financed by the project, however, they are considered an integral part of the project. Approximately 3.4 million m3 of sediment material and the approximately 95,000 m3 of solid waste will be removed from the project dredging works. Non-hazardous sediment material will be disposed of at the confined disposal facility (CDF). Hazardous sediment material (if any are found) will be disposed of at the PPLi Hazardous Waste Facility in Bogor, West Java. Solid waste will be disposed of at the Bantar Gebang Landfill in Bekasi, West Java.

17. Sequenced project implementation . A sequenced implementation design has been adopted as a key implementation risk management mechanism for the project. The major works funded by the project are planned for implementation in two sequenced batches. Phase 1 works (proposed 4 sites / 3 works contracts) are expected to commence during the first year of the project. Phase 2 works (proposed 11 sites / 5 contracts) are expected to begin from around 12 to 18 months after project approval. Details of Phase 1 and Phase 2 sites are described in Annex 2. This sequencing will avoid the PMU/PIUs and their supervision consultant from being overburdened during the first year when detailed actual implementation processes, procedures and routines are established and operationalized. The sequencing will also allow time for DKI Jakarta to complete the necessary resettlement instruments and supporting arrangements for Phase 2 sites, including the establishment of a project grievance redress system and the appointment of a Panel of Experts (POE).

Financing

18. The project financing is expected to be as follows:

Source: ($m.) Borrower 38.9 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 150.5 Others – Bilateral Grant 0.5 Total 189.9

Implementation

Institutional and Implementation Arrangements

19. Project Financed Activities . The project will be implemented through the appropriate existing institutions in line with the institutional structure for floods management in Jakarta. There are three Project Implementing Units (PIUs) at both central and local government levels: (i) the Directorate General for Water Resources (DGWR), (ii) the Directorate General for Human Settlements (DGCK), and (iii) the Provincial Government of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta). Each will be responsible for carrying out the dredging and rehabilitation works in the selected key floodways, canals and retention basins that come under their respective institutional and legal responsibilities. In line with its mandate for social issues in the Jakarta municipalities, DKI Jakarta will be responsible for all project social safeguards arrangements. A Project Management Unit (PMU) has been established by DGWR to oversee and coordinate the overall

preparation and implementation of the project by the three PIUs. The PMU will also implement and manage common activities, including (i) the overall construction supervision consultancy i.e., the Supervision Consultant (SC), (ii) the appointment of the Panel of Experts (POE), and (iii) the Floods Management Information Systems (FMIS), and (iv) support to DKI Jakarta related to involuntary resettlement and the project’s grievance redress system. The Joint Steering Committee (JSC), a high level advisory committee led by Bappenas and comprises representatives from Ministry of Finance, MoPW, and DKI Jakarta which has overseen the preparation and will continue to oversee the implementation of the project and provide coordination and advisory support at the policy level.

20. Project Material Disposal Activities . The three JUFMP dredge material disposal locations are operated by separate entities independent of the JUFMP. Ancol CDF is operated by the concessionaire and operator of the reclamation project, PT. Pembangunan Jaya Ancol (PT. PJA). The Bantar Gebang landfill is managed by the Sanitary Agency of DKI Jakarta through a private operator, while PPLi secure landfill is a private commercial provider (i.e. PT. PPLi) of hazardous waste disposal services.

Results Monitoring and Evaluation

21. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of project outcomes. The project will, as much as possible, utilize the sector institutions’ reporting and monitoring mechanisms with necessary oversight and safeguards to be agreed with the GoI, in particular in the areas of transparency, governance and risk management. The PMU will be responsible for the overall monitoring and supervision of project implementation. The Supervision Consultant (SC) will play a key role in assisting the PMU and PIUs to supervise, monitor, evaluate and report on the achievement of project outcomes, including project construction and disposal activities, environmental and social safeguards activities. The SC will provide monthly as well as quarterly progress reports. The PIU DKI Jakarta, with the support of the walikotas (mayors) of the relevant municipalities, will be responsible for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the Resettlement Plans.

Sustainability

22. The following factors would promote and enhance sustainability:

• Consistency with GoI and DKI priorities . Flood events have increased in intensity and frequency in Jakarta over the last decade. The major floods of 1996, 2002 and 2007 caused huge economic and social losses. Shorter but more frequent flood events that severely disrupt daily life are common issues faced by the citizens of Jakarta especially during the annual rainy seasons from November to April. These have generated lively debates and calls for swift actions. Floods mitigation and management is now a critical economic, social and political issue of the highest priority in Jakarta. The normalization of rivers and channels forms a key plank of DKI’s medium term floods management program 1. Consequently, the commitment of both the central government and the local government - both to the project and its longer term sustainability - is assured.

1 Per DKI Jakarta’s Medium Term Development Plans 2007-2012.

• Core institutional issue . The sustainability of project investments and improvement in flood management in Jakarta in the longer run is dependent on the ability and efficiency of the responsible institutions to operate and maintain the flood system infrastructure – including putting in place a fiscal arrangement for operations and financing – that will allow DPU-DKI to manage and operate the city’s flood control system in a sustainable manner. At present, coordination between these institutions is largely non-existent or ineffective particularly with regards to operations and maintenance (O&M). The coordination structures between the BBWSCC / DGWR, DGCK and DKI Jakarta to implement the project would form the basis for longer term coordinated routine O&M. The lack of data and ability to analyze the available data hampers the development of clear programs of action for operations and maintenance. The FMIS will begin to remedy these data and analytical shortcomings as well as organically encourage improved coordination. DPU-DKI is also being proactive in creating a specific unit for managing IT and databases. DKI Jakarta is currently in consultation with the Government of to support a training program towards a sustained operations and maintenance of the floodways, canals and retention basins.

• Environmental and social sustainability . The continued internalization and implementation by DKI Jakarta and GoI of the environmental and social management practices introduced by the project would help to establish and strengthen good practices for environmental and social safeguards, such as consultations and participation from different stakeholders. Careful sequencing of implementation activities i.e., beginning dredging works in project sites with the least potential environmental and social impact and showing success before proceeding to more complicated sites will allow for continuous reviews and feedback, enhancing the chances of success at every part of the sequence and reducing the risk of unsustainable investments.

Lessons Learned from Past Operations in the Country/Sector

23. The key lessons learned and taken into account in the design of the project are drawn from a pilot dredging project carried out through a Government of Netherlands bilateral program, the Bank’s experience in Indonesia in projects involving multiple government agencies including local governments, as well as experience in complex urban development projects:

i. Sectors with simultaneous challenges stemming from their sheer scale, long-term or multi-institutional nature of physical and institutional problems, are best addressed through a gradual and sustained effort . The project will adhere to the principle of addressing issues in realistic scopes and timeframes to encourage the maintenance of sustained efforts and long term partnership towards the resolution of Jakarta’s floods management challenges. A key aim is to support GoI and DKI Jakarta to begin addressing immediate priorities and to demonstrate sustainable and sound mechanisms for the development, and operations and maintenance, of the flood management system in Jakarta.

ii. Early successes are critical to maintain the commitment to, and the momentum of, long term institutional strengthening and reform processes . The implementation of various aspects of the project will be sequenced, undertaking a modest magnitude of activities at the implementation startup stage and addressing less complex activities first. The importance of early successes will also be considered to mitigate the risk of loss of support and institutional reform momentum that can result from any early setbacks.

iii. Early engagement to obtain long term commitment and support from institutional stakeholders from all levels of government is critical . The ultimate success of an efficient flood management system in Jakarta depends on the readiness of all the relevant responsible institutions to work together on a long term and sustained basis. Early engagement of relevant institutions from all levels of government, including the Ministry of Finance (MOF), Bappenas, MoPW and DKI Jakarta, has been a hallmark of project preparation. Active dissemination of information and discussions related to Jakarta’s flood problems and flood management were undertaken from prior to project identification, culminating in a joint decision to proceed with project preparation and the formation of the Joint Steering Committee (JSC) to guide preparation and implementation. The scope of the project was also confirmed to include floodways, canals and retention basins that encompass the jurisdictions of DKI Jakarta, DGWR and DGCK enabling the use of project preparation and implementation arrangements to form a platform to create long term coordination in operations and maintenance.

iv. The lack of adequate laws and operational regulations governing project funding mechanisms between central and local governments can delay or stop project implementation . Several Bank projects in Indonesia have been delayed or could not fully achieve their intended implementation mechanisms owing to limitations and restrictions imposed by regulations governing the eligibility criteria for transferring project funds from central to local governments. An agreed pre-requisite for the project are the revisions of key on-granting and on-lending regulations to enable the on-lending of funds from MOF to DKI Jakarta for the purposes of carrying out JUFMP activities.

v. Slow procurement process and lack of implementation readiness can significantly contribute to implementation delays . Experience gained by the PMU during project preparation has enhanced its procurement capacity – including demonstrating relatively fast procurement processes in the retention of project preparation consultants. The pooling of scarce experienced procurement staffing resources into coordinated procurement committees has been agreed between the three Project Implementing Units (PIUs). Designs and draft bidding documents for major works have been prepared, in readiness for sequenced implementation.

Safeguard Policies (including public consultation)

Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) X Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) X Forests (OP/BP 4.36) X Pest Management (OP 4.09) X Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) X Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) X Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) X Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) X Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) X Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) X

Contact point

Contact: Fook Chuan Eng Title: Sr. Water and Sanitation Specialist Tel: + 62-21 5299 3225 Fax: + 62-21 5299 3111 Email: [email protected]

For more information contact:

The InfoShop The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 Telephone: (202) 458-4500 Fax: (202) 522-1500 Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.worldbank.org/infoshop