Index

Note: Page numbers in italic type refer to photographs, graphs, or illustrations.

ABO blood group system, 158, 160–161, !Kung people, 204–205, 287, 362 164 opposition to gay rights, 115–116, 119 abortion See also specific African countries anti-abortion politics, 102–104 African Americans potogo to induce, 205 Civil Rights Movement, 67–68 religion and, 102–103 election of Obama, 40, 65, 68 Roe v. Wade, 73 fusiform face area study, 186–187 sex-selective, 213 HIV/AIDS, 152–153, 162 spontaneous, 164, 165, 190, 225–226 multiple prejudices, 71–73 abstinence, 109, 209 overestimation of blacks in population, Aché people, 205, 351–352, 360–362, 70–71, 75 362, 363 See also racial discrimination acquiescence response bias, 47–48 Age of Enlightenment, 301 acts of God, just-world hypothesis and, aggressiveness 251–252 authoritarian personality trait, 45 Adler, Alfred, 275, 276 in male chimpanzees, 217–218 adoption, by gay couples, 117, 119 RWA test, 50 Adorno, Theodore, 258 sham moralistic aggression, 370 adultery. See extramarital affairs aging advertisements, deceptive, 368, 371 altruism types and, 358–360 affirmative action, 36, 69 Big Five personality traits, 320 Afghanistan brain function changes, 363–365 corruption, 407–408 cynicism and, 317–319, 363–366, 405 deaths from childbirth, 198–199 perception of human nature and, fertility rates, 209 315–323 obstetric fistulas, 127 political orientation changes, 27, 318– stoning for adultery, 113 319, 366 Africa RWA scores and, 320–323, 321 corruption, impact on GDP per capita, Agreeableness, personality trait, 30, 33 380 agricultural/pastoral societies fertility rates, 212 arranged vs. courtship marriages, 207, HIV/AIDS, 153, 162–163 207–208, 208 hunter-gatherer societies, 204–205 gender equality and fertility, 205–209

493

Our Political Nature.indd 493 6/25/13 3:24 PM 494 INDEX

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 391–393 resource-distribution implications, AIDS. See HIV/AIDS 401–402 Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, 346–347 suicidal nepotistic altruism, 346–347, al-Aqsa Mosque, 234 358–359 Al Arabiya, 308 See also kin selection; reciprocal al-Assad, Bashar, 20–21 altruism; self-deceptive altruism al-Bashir, Omar, 393 Amazonian tribes alcohol, prohibitions against, 35 hunter-gatherers, 204 Alford, C. Fred, 215, 412 killed by disease, 157–158 Alford, John, 26–27, 167, 169, 349 Machiguenga, 204, 205, 268, 354–355 Algeria, Arab Spring protests, 20 Shuar, 353 Ali G, 259–260 Waorani, 222, 222–223 alleles Yanomamö, 221–222, 222, 223 defined, 135 American Voter, The (P. Converse and recessive deleterious, 136, 148 A. Campbell), 422–423, 423 for sickle-cell disease, 162–163, 239 Amnesty International, 249 Allende, Salvador, 255 amygdalas, political orientation and traits Alliance of Builders, 391 of, 31, 341 Allik, Jüri, 30 ancestor worship, 92 alloparenting, by siblings, 294 ancestral origin, of personality traits, Allport, Gordon, 42 30–31, 402–403 Al-Qaeda, 225, 382, 407 Annan, Kofi, 276 Altaic ethno-linguistic group, 30 “Anonymous” group, 19 Altemeyer, Robert, 49–52 anterior cingulates, political orientation aging and political orientation tests, and traits of, 31, 341 320–322 anti-abortion politics, 102–104 crime and punishment tests, 247–248 See also abortion family disciplinary strategies, 262–263, anti-ethnocentrism, of far left, 78–80, 266–267 386–387 religiosity tests, 84 anti-miscegenation laws Social Learning Theory, 55 in Nazi Germany, 238–239 See also Right-Wing Authoritarianism in the United States, 68, 73 (RWA) scale anti-Semitism altruism anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 79 brain mechanisms for, 31, 341–342 authoritarian personality and, 45–49 changes across lifespan, 358–366 in Communist countries, 386–387 children’s behavior toward relatives, of crusaders, 252 286 German tradition of, 231–232, 235–236 cooperation compared with, 329 of hate groups in the United States, enigmatic, of heroic rescuers, 395–399 74–75, 97 genetic component, 330 Holocaust, 236, 238–239, 381, 396, inbreeding and, 149 397–398 overview, 149, 329–330 in Iran, 98

Our Political Nature.indd 494 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 495

Jews described as vectors of disease, atheism, 96 152, 153 See also secularism Manitoba Prejudice Scale adapted to attitudinal clusters, for RWA test, 50 measure, 67 Audacity of Hope, The (B. Obama), 313–314 multiple prejudices, 71–73 Au people, 355, 357 New Anti-Semitism, 79 Australia On the Jews and Their Lies (M. peacemaking ceremonies, 226 Luther), 231 percentage of deaths caused by war, Polish Council to Save Jews, 397 222, 222 in post-WWII Poland, 47 authoritarian, defined, 45 Warning against the Jews (M. Luther), authoritarian governments 231 alliances across the political spectrum, See also Nazi party 390–394 Anti-Semitism scale, 46, 66 Arab Spring protests, 17–21, 406–407 anxiety, 266, 372, 373–375 attitudes toward private property, 255 Arab Spring protests divorce laws, 127 impact on Middle East, 19–21 expression of political opinions, 28 origin in Tunisia, 17–19 horseshoe theory, 380–394 social media role, 18, 20, 406–407 incest taboos and, 74 Argentina male dominance, 124–127 politicide, 229, 232 overview, 45 United Socialist Party (Argentina), political moderation vs., 39 384–385 power inequalities, 274 arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, self-deception of leaders of the extreme 341–342 left, 383–388 Aristotle self-deception of leaders of the extreme on changes with aging, 317–318, 323, right, 388–390 360, 365–366 Authoritarian Personality, The, 45–49 on cooperative human nature, 299–300, bicyclist’s personality, 258 303 ethnocentrism, 72, 309 on democracy, 39 family disciplinary strategies, 262–263, Armageddonites, 253 266–267 Armenian genocide, 231, 232 sexual intolerance, 117 Aryan Nations, 310 authoritarian personality Ashkenazim, 52, 69, 95, 188 correlation with ethnocentrism, 66 Asia fear of germs, 154–155 Neanderthal occupation, 131, 132, 145, Nazi party and, 45–49 146 as political litmus test, 49–55 See also South Asia; specific Asian voting habits, 49 countries See also Right-Wing Authoritarianism Asian Americans, demographic (RWA) scale changes, 404 authority, societal attitudes toward, 245–261 assassins, birth order of, 276 birth order and, 276

Our Political Nature.indd 495 6/25/13 3:24 PM 496 INDEX

carrot vs. stick approaches, 259–261 Barry, Dave, 122–123 cheating by powerful people, 376–380 Basboosa (Mohamed Bouazizi), 17–21 just-world hypothesis, 257–258 baseball players, birth order of, 276 opposition to capital punishment, Basque people, 158–159 245–247 Bateson, Sir Patrick, 150, 166, 184 rights of suspected dissidents, 248–249, bear populations, impact of global 250–251 warming on, 139 RWA scores, 247–248, 249–250 Beck, Glenn tolerance toward rule breakers, 247– childhood discipline of, 271 248, 250–252, 259 dangerous-world beliefs, 310 See also egalitarian worldview; family degenerating-world perspective, 313 authority and family conflict; hier- derision of women, 123 archical worldview as far-right spokesman, 65 Autrey, Wesley, 395–396, 398 opposition to homosexuality, 117 AVP (arginine vasopressin) receptors, religiosity, 85, 97 341–342 threats against Democrats, 260–261 Axelrod, Robert, 348 bedroom cues, to identify left-wing orien- Azad, Afshan (Padma in Harry Potter tation, 76 books), 99 bees, inbreeding, 137 Aztecs, harems of rulers, 207 Belarus, religiosity, 89 Belgium, women in workplace, 212 baboons, reciprocal altruism, 344 Belief in a Just World (BJW) attitude, Babri Mosque, 233 251–252, 264, 273 Babylonia Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 18–19 flood myth, 293 Bennet, Michael, 118 harems of rulers, 207 Berlusconi, Silvio, 43 Bachmann, Michele, 376–377 better-world ideologies, 381 Bachofen, Johann Jakob, 272–273 Bhatti, Shahbaz, 82 Badcock, Christopher, 371 Bibi, Aasiya, 81–82 Baha’is, worldwide statistics, 96 Bible Bahrain, Arab Spring protests, 20 female adaptation to warfare, 226 Bailenson, Jeremy, 337–339 Garden of Eden, 199 Baker, James, 259–260 homosexuality, 117 balanced polymorphism, 163 sibling rivalry depictions, 274–275 Bangladesh See also Christianity; Judaism Hindu-Muslim conflict, 233 Big Five personality traits obstetric fistulas, 127 birth order and, 277 religiosity rates, 88 changes with aging, 320 sexual harassment, 124–126 in chimpanzees, 33 bankers, Occupy protests, 21–22 fear of infectious disease and, 156 bankruptcy, due to medical bills, 34 overview, 30, 42 Bantu ethno-linguistic group, 30 RWA scores vs., 51, 55 Baron Cohen, Sacha, 259–260 voting habits, 41–42, 43–44

Our Political Nature.indd 496 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 497

bin Laden, Osama, 249, 389–390 Morales government, 76, 255, 393 birth control. See abortion; contraception Movement for Socialism party, 76, 255 birth control pill, 211 bonobos birth defects gender equality, 201–203 inbreeding and, 139 lack of warfare, 218, 226 See also genetic diseases as patrilocal, 220 birth order relation to humans, 201, 203 Big Five personality traits, 277 boobies, blue-footed, 288 discrimination based on, 278 Book of Gomorrah: Homosexuality and first-born, 275, 276, 277–278, 294, Ecclesiastical Reform of the Church, 295–296, 405–406 388–389 later-born, 275, 276–277, 295–296 Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family overview, 275 Dynamics, and Creative Lives political orientation and, 277–282, 294–296 (F. Sulloway), 276, 279 primogeniture, 277–278 Bosnian war, 104, 240, 241, 377 bisexuals Boston Marathon terrorists, 407 bonobos, 203 Bouazizi, Mohamed (Basboosa), 17–21 political orientation, 119 Bouchard, Thomas, 25 See also homosexuals/homosexuality Boyd, Robert, 352–353 BJW (Belief in a Just World) attitude, Boy Scouts, exclusion of homosexuals, 251–252, 264, 273 372 Black Death (plague), 160, 160, 235–236 brain scans, for political orientation black people. See African Americans studies, 31–32, 32, 341–342 blank-slate mind, 300–304 Brazil blasphemy laws, 81–82 Democracy Index, 390–391 Block, Jack and Jeanne, 23–24, 27 “the man in the hole,” 157–163 blood-group systems, human political extremism/moderation, 38 distribution of ABO genes, 158, 160–161 breastfeeding hemolytic disease of the newborn, 165 contraceptive role, 205, 290, 290–292 HIV/AIDS and, 162–163 liberal connotations, 123 infectious diseases and, 158–162 oxytocin and mother-child bonding, miscarriages and, 164 339 Rh system distribution, 159 weaning conflicts, 291–292 blue states bribery, of police and government offi- income and personalities of, 41–44 cials, 17–21 segregation by political orientation, Brosnan, Sarah, 350 169, 403 Buck, Ken, 118 See also Democrats; liberals Buddhism Blurton Jones, Nicholas, 293 on abortion, 102–103 Bolivarian Revolution, 255 on consanguineous marriages, 176 Bolivia ethnic persecution in Burma, 232 Law against Racism and All Forms of human nature perceptions, 318 Discrimination, 76 on nonreproductive sex acts, 114

Our Political Nature.indd 497 6/25/13 3:24 PM 498 INDEX

Burma (Myanmar), ethnic persecution, Catechism of the Catholic Church, 232 110–111 Burundi Catholicism genocide, 239–240, 241 abortion politics, 104 religiosity rates, 89 on consanguineous marriages, 176 Bush, George H. W., 256, 422 contact between Italians and Irish, 188 Bush, George W. French Wars of Religion, 238 attributes of people who voted for, Irena Sendler and, 397 41–42, 42 nineteenth-century distrust of, 35 axis of evil speech, 393 self-deception of dark-age popes, conservative views of, 307 388–389 Great Recession, 422 sexual intolerance, 110–111, 114, 118 Mission Accomplished speech, 258 caudate nucleus, revenge and, 357 religiosity, 97 Çelebi, Mehmed, 290 subliminally morphed photo experi- cellphones and cameras ment, 337–339, 338 coverage of Tunisian riots, 18 on torture, 249 fact-checking role, 376 threats to power, 406–407 Caesar, Julius, 228 Center for Twin and Family Research, Calvinists, 238 25–27, 87–88 Cambodia, genocide, 232, 240 Chānakya (Kauṭilīya), 304, 410 Campbell, Angus, 422 Chagnon, Napoleon, 221 Canada Chandragupta, 304 attitudes toward torture, 249–250 charitable donations, as indirect reci- capital punishment, 245–246, 252 procity, 352 legislators’ RWA scores, 51–52, 52 Charles II (Spain), 140–142, 141, 166– Manitoba Prejudice Scale, 66–67 167, 167 Canada Goose, sexual imprinting, 182 Charter 08 document, 390–391 capitalism Chavez, Hugo selfishness and, 308 alliance with Islamist leaders, 391–393 twin-study attitudes toward, 26–27 Chavista Graffiti groups, 384–385 unconditional material gain, 356–357 leader worship, 383–385 capital punishment political extremism of, 37, 38 for adultery, 113 on property ownership, 255 for homosexuality, 115–116, 119 utopian beliefs of, 381 political orientation and support for, xenophilic actions of, 76 247–248, 251, 252, 260, 311 cheating protests against, 245–247 by powerful people, 377–380 Carnegie Hero Fund, 398 costly punishment for, 352–356, 357, Carter, Jimmy, 422 368 caste systems, 92–94, 206–207 gross cheating, 369 castration of minorities, 75 lying about, 367 Castro, Fidel, 383 subtle cheating, 369–370

Our Political Nature.indd 498 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 499

susceptibility of reciprocal altruism to, Chile 349, 351, 359, 367, 379 abortion politics, 104 Chechnya, sexual harassment, 125–126 Allende government, 255 chemokines, 163 middle class, 406 child abuse, in hierarchical families, 271 Pinochet government, 255 childbirth political extremism/moderation, 38 hemolytic disease of the newborn politicide, 229 (HDN), 165 Chimpanzee Politics (F. de Waal), 33 immunological incompatibility, 164 Chimpanzees male attitudes, 194, 199–200 deception among, 370 obstetric fistulas, 126–127 dispersal mechanisms for optimal out- oxytocin bonding role, 339 breeding, 178–179 women’s deaths from, 198, 198–199 gender inequality, 201–203, 218–219 young girls and, 126–127 indirect reciprocity, 351 See also abortion; pregnancy infantis interruptus, 293–294 child mortality lethal raiding, 216–219, 221 siblicide, 288–290 male violence, 220–221, 226 sibling rivalry and, 287–288, 294, 296 as patrilocal, 179, 220 weaning conflicts and, 290–292 political life of, 33 See also infant mortality reciprocal altruism, 349–350 children relation to humans, 201, 203, 216 attributes of first-born, 275, 276, 277– SIV transmission to humans, 163 278, 294, 295–296, 405–406 China attributes of later-born, 275, 276–277, age structure, 405 295–296 alliance with Sudan, 393 Block’s political-orientation study, Charter 08 document, 390 23–24, 27 economic inequality, 385 corporal punishment, 262–263, 263 harems of emperors, 207 economic reliance on families, 361–363 one-child policy, 405–406 expectation of altruism, 359–360 political philosophers, 300, 304, 318 infantis interruptus, 292–294 tribalism and religion, 92 of mixed-race marriages, 185 Westermarck effect in minor marriages, nutrient deficiencies, 291, 291–292 183 parental investment in, 196–199, 207, Chinese hymens, 112–113 210–211 Chin people, 232 preference for male children, 194–195, Cho, Seung-Hui, 396 200 cholera, blood group antigens and, 160, RWA scores of parents/nonparents, 160 321, 321–322 Christian Identity movement, 97–98 social attitude origins, 55 Christianity weaning conflicts, 290–292 abortion politics, 103, 104 See also family authority and family Armageddonites, 253 conflict; sibling rivalry Coptic Christians, 235

Our Political Nature.indd 499 6/25/13 3:24 PM 500 INDEX

French Wars of Religion, 238 Cold War gender roles, 199 impact on perceptions of gender roles, Glenn Beck on, 85 122 homosexuality in the Bible, 117 See also Communism just-world hypothesis, 251–253 collectivism kin-selection altruism during ethnocentrism and, 155 Christmas, 333–334 individualism-collectivism spectrum, Muslim discrimination against, 81–82 155–156 persecution in Burma, 232 kibbutzim, 183–184 religion in politics, 82–83 pathogen prevalence correlated with, RWA scores and, 84 155–156, 156 sexual intolerance, 110–111, 372 Colombia sibling rivalry depictions, 274–275 FARC, 382 tribalism in spite of, 92, 97–98 political extremism/moderation, 38 worldwide statistics, 96 commitment capital, 197 See also religiosity communications technologies chromosomes changes in public opinion and, hybrid infertility and number of, 147 406–407 sexual reproduction and, 135 coverage of Arab Spring protests, 18 Churchill, Winston, 318 fact-checking role, 376 Cipriani, Juan Luis, 114 Communism cities alliance between far-left and Islamist demographic transitions in developed leaders, 391–393 countries, 209–213 anti-ethnocentrism of, 78–80, 381, extreme outbreeding in, 177 386–387 city-states, nature of, 299 Cold War, 122 civil disobedience. See Arab Spring pro- cooperation between Stalin and Hitler, tests; dissidents 391 civil rights economic inequality, 385–386 of homosexuals, 35, 115–116, 372 family authority beliefs, 273 Locke’s state of nature and, 301 F-scale, 47–48 Civil Rights Act, 67–68 hierarchical nature of regimes, 383 Civil Rights Movement, 54, 67 horseshoe theory and, 380–388 Clausewitz, Karl von, 214 leader worship, 383–385 climate Marx’s role, 302–303 disease prevalence in hot climates, 156 politicide aimed at, 237 impact on personality traits, 30 Pol Pot regime, 240 Clinton, Bill property ownership, 255 attributes of people voting for, 41–42, Red Fatherland party of Peru, 37–38 42, 119 religiosity and, 89 Gingrich’s opposition to, 313 sexual tolerance, 107 Clinton, Hillary, 116, 377 sim-pua marriage outlawed by, 183 cockroaches, as disease vectors, 236–237 tolerance of inequality, 250

Our Political Nature.indd 500 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 501

utopian beliefs, 314 Canadian RWA scores, 51–52, 52 See also specific Communist countries competitive human nature, 306–307 Communist Manifesto, 273, 302 cultural conservatives, 155 competition dangerous-world beliefs, 308–312, 322 dispersal as result of, 177 degenerating-world perspective, mating supply and demand, 196–197, 312–314 218–219 dreams of, 312 territoriality, 217, 218, 221 economic conservatives, 155 See also sibling rivalry efforts to recruit others, 403 competitive human nature, perceptions of ethnocentrism of, 67–75, 152–153, 169 conservative views, 306–307 family disciplinary strategies, 266–267, dangerous-world beliefs, 308–312, 322 269–271 degenerating-world perspective, fear of infectious diseases, 152–157 312–314 hierarchical worldview, 251–252, 262– drug cartels, 317 263, 264, 296, 388 overview, 58, 297–298, 325 horseshoe theory, 380, 381, 382 political philosophers on, 303–306 income and personalities of red states, condoms, 114, 153 41–44 Confucianism, 300, 304, 318 intolerance toward rule breakers, 247– consanguineous (cousin) marriages 252, 259 among Christians, 176 just-world hypothesis, 251–258 fertility and, 144–145, 170 kin selection, 347 of Hutterites, 144–145, 188, 189, liberal-conservative self-placement, 190–191 28–29, 29, 39 Icelandic study of, 172–174 mate choice, 168–169 infant mortality and, 142–143, 144, MRI brain studies, 31–32 146, 166 number of children, 199 in Middle East, 174–176, 175 older people as, 318 optimal genetic distance, 177 opposition to Civil Rights Act, 67–68 worldwide probability of, 174–175, 175 opposition to desegregation, 36, 426 See also inbreeding opposition to gender equality, 120–122, Conscience of a Conservative, The 123, 123–124, 251 (B. Goldwater), 67, 306–307 opposition to homosexuality, 115–116, Conscientiousness, personality trait 117–118, 119–120, 251 changes with aging, 320, 365 opposition to immigration, 70–71, 72, 404 of first-born children, 277, 294, 295, opposition to masturbation and pornog- 296 raphy, 110–112 political orientation and, 30, 33, 41–44 opposition to sexual education, RWA scores and, 51 108–110 conservatives opposition to social spending, 256–257 amygdala traits of, 31, 341 personality traits, 43–44, 277, 320, 366 birth order associated with, 277–282, physiological differences, 32–33 294, 295 preference for male children, 194–195

Our Political Nature.indd 501 6/25/13 3:24 PM 502 INDEX

pro-birth attitudes, 406 good-slate/blank-slate hypothesis, processing of dominant emotions by, 300–303 310–312 liberal views, 307–308 religiosity of, 83–86, 101, 104, 105 overview, 58, 297–298, 325, 329–330 RWA scores, 50–55, 65–67 political philosophers on, 299–303 sexual intolerance, 106–114, 115, 203 reciprocal altruism and, 344–357 Strict Father model, 272 selfishness and, 300, 303 support for capital punishment, 247, not being wired for unconditional mate- 248, 251, 252, 311 rial gain, 356–357 support for corporal punishment, 262– Coptic Christians, 235 263, 263 copulation-maximizing goals, 196–197, 219 support for male dominance, 124–127, Coricancha (Incan Golden Courtyard), 273 233 support for punishment, 259–261, 264 corporal punishment, support for/­ tolerance of economic inequality, opposition to, 262–263 253–255 corporations, Occupy protests against, tolerance of torture, 249–250 21–22 tribalism cluster of personality traits, 63 Correa, Rafael and Fabricio, 281–282, twin studies of left-right orientation, 285, 296 23–24, 25, 25–27 correlations, explanation of, 417–419, virginity emphasis, 107, 112–113, 121 418 See also Republicans; right-wing; Tea corruption. See self-deceptive altruism Party movement Cosby, Bill, 153 contraception costly punishment (strong reciprocity), in agricultural/pastoral societies, 209 352–356, 357 birth control pill, 211 costly signaling (indirect reciprocity), breastfeeding (lactational amenorrhea), 351–352 205, 290–292 cousin marriages. See consanguineous condoms, 114, 153 marriages conservative opposition to, 109 crime in hunter-gatherer societies, 205 blaming victims of, 252 liberal support for, 109 drug cartels, 315–317, 358 pro-birth attitudes, 406 fear of, 322 See also abortion male murder rate, 224 conventionalism, authoritarian personality rape, 73, 153, 221, 223, 241–242 trait, 45, 50–55 as rational, 215 Convention on the Prevention and rightist utopian focus on, 388 Punishment of the Crime of tolerance toward rule breakers, 247– Genocide, 228 248, 250–252, 259 Converse, Philip, 421–422 See also capital punishment cooperative human nature, perceptions of Crithidia bombi (intestinal parasite), 137 altruism and, 309 Croat people, mass political violence costly punishment role, 352–356, 368 against, 47, 80, 240

Our Political Nature.indd 502 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 503

cronyism, as reciprocal altruism, 347 DeBruine, Lisa, 337 cross-race effect, 187 deception. See self-deceptive altruism Crusaders, European, 252 Decision Points (G. Bush), 249 Cuba, leader worship, 383 Declaration of Independence, 301 cults, leader worship, 383–385 De Dreu, Carsten K. W., 339–340 cultural conservatives, 155 defections, altruistic punishment and, Cultural Revolution (Mao), 387 349, 359, 379 cultural revolution (US), “Great defense mechanisms (of the ego), 373– Backlash,” 35 375, 378 Cuomo, Andrew, 118 degenerating-world perspective, 312–314 Cusco, 233 dehumanization, out-group as disease cynicism vectors, 152, 153, 253–257 aging and, 317–319, 363–366, 405 de’Medici, Catherine, 238 authoritarian personality trait, 46 DeMint, Jim, 117 economics of, 360–363 democracy neuroscience of, 363–366 Arab Spring protests and, 20–21 political orientation and, 317–319 Aristotle on, 39 of voters, 376 expression of political opinions, 28 cystic fibrosis, 136, 139 horseshoe theory, 380–381 influence of Locke, 301 Dalai Lama fear of immigrant threat to, 100 on abortion, 103 worldwide ascension of, 411 on gay sex, 120 Democracy Index, 390–391 on nonreproductive sex acts, 114 Democratic Republic of Congo Dalgaard, Carl-Johan, 39 economic inequality, 385 dangerous world, belief in, 308–312, 322 rape statistics, 241–242 Darlington, C. D., 144–145 Democrats Darwin, Charles, 138–139, 170 dreams of, 312 Darwinism, social, 308–309 opinions on Occupy movement, 24 Dawkins, Richard, 331, 371 sexual tolerance, 112, 117, 119 death Tea Party threats against, 260–261 from childbirth, 198, 198–199 tolerance of economic inequality, 24 child mortality, 287–288, 294, 296 voting patterns of recent elections, from hemolytic disease of the newborn, 41–42, 42 165 See also left-wing; liberals from preeclampsia, 166 demographic transitions prior to reproductive maturity, 160–161 changes in public opinion and, religiosity and fear of, 90, 91, 102 404–405 siblicide, 288–290 fertility rates and, 209–213 See also capital punishment; genetic Demonic Males (R. Wrangham), 201, 217 diseases; infant mortality; infec- Denisovans, 132, 132, 145–146 tious diseases; warfare Denmark Death’s Head Strike Group, 74–75 dispersal-distance study, 179–180, 180

Our Political Nature.indd 503 6/25/13 3:24 PM 504 INDEX

economic inequality, 385 against Nazis, 77 religiosity rates, 89 against people with AIDS, 152–153 deportation, of minorities from religious discrimination, 81–82, Switzerland, 71 99–100, 386–387 depression (mental health), 266 See also anti-Semitism; ethnocentrism; depressions (economic) racial discrimination; tribalism global economic recession of 2008, 40 disease resistance Great Depression, 39–40 cystic fibrosis and, 136 Nazi party and, 39–40 to malaria, 162–163 de Quervain, Dominique, 357 outbreeding enhancement and, Descent of Man, The (C. Darwin), 170 145–146 desegregation, support for, 36, 426 diseases. See genetic diseases; infectious destructiveness, authoritarian personality diseases trait, 46 disgust, physical reactions to, 154–155, de Waal, Frans, 33, 202, 293–294, 349, 310–312 350, 351 dispersal mechanisms for optimal out- Diamond, Jared, 206 breeding, 177–182 Diamond, Larry, 411 in birds, 177–178 dictator game, 342 Danish study, 179–180, 180 dictators incest-prevention mechanisms, 179 Arab Spring protests to remove, 19–21 massive immigrations, 188 leader worship, 383–385, 386 novelty-seeking behavior, 181–182 self-deception of, 383 overview, 177, 365 See also political leaders in primates, 178–179 dietary restrictions (food taboos), 92, dissidents 94–95 civil disobedience by students, disabilities, inbreeding and, 99 280–281 discipline, family Civil Rights Movement, 54, 67 authoritarian discipline, 269–271 opposition to capital punishment, corporal punishment, 262–263 245–247 egalitarian families, 263–269, 272, 296, punishment of, 259–261 302 rights of suspected, 248–249, 250–251, hierarchical families, 262–268, 269– 259 271, 272–273, 292, 296 Vietnam War protesters, 268–269, 307, impact on political orientation, 348 266–268 See also Arab Spring protests parent-offspring conflict and, 287 divine-help hypothesis, 90 discrimination divorce by birth order, 278 in authoritarian countries, 127 Communist oppression of minorities, gender equality and, 211 386–387 in liberal societies, 127–128 government protections from, 381 prohibitions on, 107, 387 against Muslims, 74, 85 women’s rights, 124

Our Political Nature.indd 504 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 505

Djibouti European economy, 101 Arab Spring protests, 20 government spending on poor, 256–257 religiosity rates, 89 of hunter-gatherer societies, 205, 360– DNA basics, 135 362, 362 See also genetic studies income and personalities of red/blue Dole, Bob, 41–42, 42 states, 41–44 Dome of the Rock, 234 and political extremism/moderation at Dominance, personality trait, 33 global level, 39–41 Dominican Republic, abortion politics, and political extremism/moderation in 104 large populations, 36 dopamine receptors, 181–182, 357 and political extremism/moderation Dravidian ethno-linguistic group, 30 in Latin America, 38–39 drug cartels, in Mexico, 315–317, 358 and political extremism/moderation in Druze, consanguineous marriages, 176 Peru, 37, 37–38 D’Souza, Dinesh, 203 of politicides, 230 Dubai, sexual intolerance, 108 poverty and religiosity, 88–90, 89 Duffy antigen system, 163 predictive value of political orientation, Dundes, Alan, 273, 293 34–44 Durkheim, Émile, 91 of primogeniture, 277–278, 288–289 resource perspective on politics, East, Edward M., 131 401–402 Ebstein, Richard, 342 voting and self-interest in the US, economic conservatives, 155 34–36, 402 economic inequality wealth and private property, 253–255 Arab Spring role, 17–21 See also economic inequality in Communist countries, 385–386 Ecuador, Rafael and Fabricio Correa, Democratic attitudes toward, 23–24 281–282, 285, 296 Gini coefficient, 385 education Occupy protests against, 21–22 corporal punishment by teachers, 262– Republican attitudes toward, 23–24 263, 263 twin studies of left-right orientation, impact on RWA score, 321 26–27 mate selection by, 169 economics parental investment in, 210–211 of aging countries, 405 political awareness and, 422, 425–426, of agricultural/pastoral societies, 206, 426 209 religiosity and education level, 89–90 birth rate as function of, 104, 210 support for gender equality and, 123, changes in 19th and 20th centuries, 123 210–211 of women, 211, 211–212, 269, 405 of cynicism, 360–363 egalitarian social relations, 249–258 economic power of men, 197 1960s student demonstrators’ attitudes economic power of women, 197, 210– toward, 268–269 212, 272 among bonobos, 201–203

Our Political Nature.indd 505 6/25/13 3:24 PM 506 INDEX

disciplinary morality, 264–268, 296 Émile, or On Education (J. J. Rousseau), economic egalitarianism deception, 302 385–386 emotionality, disapproval of, 46 egalitarian families, 263–264, 268–269, End of Power, The (M. Naím), 406 272–273, 302 endogamy gender issues, 272–273 caste-based, 92–94 of hunter-gatherer societies, 203–205 cultural differences to encourage, hyperegalitarianism, 272–273 73–74 liberal attitudes toward, 258, 263–264, defined, 63 296 dietary restrictions to maintain, 92, mutual dependence and exit strategy as 94–95 causes, 200–203 gender roles and, 121 primate examples, 344 honor killings to maintain, 93–94 reciprocal altruism and, 347 human blood groups and, 158–159 of religious people, 86–87 infectious diseases and, 161 self-deception of leaders on the male dominance role, 124–126 extreme left, 383–388 in Muslim societies, 100, 101 tolerance of inequality, 58, 59–60, religious support for, 176 249–258 school segregation to maintain, 95 young people’s attitudes toward, 318 in traditional religions, 92–95 See also inequality tolerance in transcendental religions, 96–98 Ego and the Id, The (S. Freud), 275 tribalism and, 59, 63 ego-defense mechanisms, 373–375, 378 See also inbreeding Egypt Engels, Friedrich, 273 age structure, 405 Enlightenment, Judeo-Christian, 82 Arab Spring protests, 20, 21 environmental degradation Christian-Muslim conflicts, 234 impact on bears, 139 gender inequality, 207 impact on bees, 137 Muslim Brotherhood party, 112–113 propaganda to conceal, 375 premarital virginity, 112 environmentalists, opposition to, 251 sexual harassment, 125 environmental niches US relations with, 308 adaptations to, 147–148 Eibach, Richard, 312, 322 of chimpanzees vs. bonobos, 200–203 elections territoriality, 217, 218, 221 following Arab Spring protests, 20–21 Esmer, Yilmaz, 82 impact of personality traits and median Estonia, religiosity rates, 89 family income, 41–42, 42 Ethiopia propaganda to influence, 376–380 Falash Mura, 94–95 victory margins over time, 410 Rastafarians and, 98 See also voting habits ethnic cleansing El Salvador in Burma, 232–233 abortion politics, 104 Holocaust, 232, 236, 238–239, 381, politicide, 229 396, 397–398

Our Political Nature.indd 506 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 507

in Serbia, 47, 80, 104 European Social Survey, of religious See also genocide practices, 86 ethnocentrism European Values Survey, 101 anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 78–80, Eve Teasing Protection Day, 124–125 100, 381, 386–387 evil of conservatives, 67–74 disobedience to authority as, 251 correlation with authoritarianism, 48, human nature as, 304 66 inequality as, 250 distorted demographic perceptions, mass killings as, 232 70–71 mixed-race babies as, 74 of extreme right, 74–75, 152–153, 169 selfishness as, 91 fear of infectious disease and, 152–157, evolution 235–237 biology of war and genocide, 214–216, fusiform face area study, 186–187 226, 237–240 Implicit Associations Test, 69–70 gene mutations and, 135–136 incompatibility with Christianity, 97 of humans, 131–133, 188, 199, 201, kin selection and, 339–342 203, 220–221 and liberals, 76–77 evolutionary fitness mating dispersal distance and, 181 altruism role, 329–330 multiple prejudices, 71–74 for childbirth, 199 nationalism, 66–67 classical vs. inclusive fitness, 332 out-groups as vectors of disease, 152, goals of sexes, 196–197 153, 253–257 indirect reciprocity and, 351–352 relation between income and, 36 infant mortality as measure of, 143 RWA content category, 56 infectious diseases and, 157–163 tribalism component, 58, 63 kin selection and, 331–337 See also anti-Semitism; kin selection; outbreeding enhancement and, 145– racial discrimination; tribalism 146, 172 Ethnocentrism scale, 46, 66 parent-offspring conflict and, 286, Eurobarometer Survey, of ethnocentric 288–289 attitudes, 69 reciprocal altruism and, 344–350 Europe self-deceptive altruism and, 369–375 Age of Enlightenment, 301 sibling rivalry and, 286, 288 attitudes toward exogamy, 101 strong reciprocity and, 352 family structures, 335–336 evolutionary theory, 279 Iranian relations with, 260 exclusionary, extremist ideologies, 231, Islamic headscarf controversies, 74 232–235 Neanderthal occupation, 131, 145, 146 exit strategy secularism, 85–86, 101 in agricultural/pastoral societies, sexual relations to form alliances, 226 205–209 war-casualty rate, 224 demographic transitions and, 211 World War II, 220, 397–398 in hunter-gatherer societies, 204–205 See also specific European countries overview, 200–203

Our Political Nature.indd 507 6/25/13 3:24 PM 508 INDEX

exogamy fusiform face area, 186–187 anti-ethnocentrism and, 79 kin-selection experiments, 337–339, caste system to prevent, 92–94 338 cultural differences to discourage, 73–74 sexual-imprinting study, 184–185, 185 defined, 63 fact-checking websites, 376 European attitudes toward, 101 Falash Mura people, 94–95 food taboos to prevent, 92, 94–95 family authority and family conflict, gender roles and, 121 262–282 infectious diseases and, 161–162 biology of family conflict, 283 in liberal societies, 128 birth order and sibling rivalry, 274–276 regulatory wars and, 226 child-centered parenting, 302 religious issues, 86 conservative beliefs, 264 school segregation to prevent, 95 cooperation vs. competition, 300 tribal conflicts between religions, 99–100 discipline issues, 262–268, 287, 296, See also outbreeding 302 exorcisms, of traumatized women, 126 egalitarian families, 263–264, 268–269, extramarital affairs 302 Catholic doctrine against, 388–389 equality within families, 273–274 conservative opposition to, 113 evolutionary roots of, 59–60 overview, 113 hierarchical families, 262–263, 269– punishment for, 113 271, 292 sim-pua marriages and, 183 Machiguenga tribe, 355 See also sexuality, nonreproductive mental health issues, 266–267 Extraversion, personality trait overview, 262–264, 363 changes with aging, 322–323 parent-offspring conflict, 285–287, 292 in chimpanzees, 33 RWA content category, 56 correlation between spouses, 168 family members. See children; fathers; correlation with geography, 156 kin selection; mothers; sibling political orientation and, 30, 42, 43 rivalry; spouses extremism. See hate groups in US; polit- family planning ical extremism in Muslim societies, 194–195 Ezekiel, Raphael US support for, 109 on dangerous-world beliefs, 309–310 See also abortion; contraception on Death’s Head Strike Group, 74 Farrakhan, Louis, 153 on family authority, 271 fascism on gender equality, 124 childhood discipline and attraction to, on HIV/AIDS, 152 270–271 on homophobia, 118 economic depression and, 40 on punishment of rule breakers, 248 F-scale, 46–47, 50, 57, 66, 117 personality traits, 45–49 Facebook. See social media power inequalities, 274 facial recognition Fatah party (Palestine), 153, 194, 227, cross-race effect, 187 237

Our Political Nature.indd 508 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 509

fatherland, symbolism, 274 education of, 211, 211–212, 269, 405 fathers gender roles, 120–121 authoritarian personality and, 48 genetic studies of female ancestry, of hierarchical families, 263, 264, 270– 223–224 271, 272–273 hierarchical vs. egalitarian worldview, political leaders symbolic of, 273–274 272–273 sexual-imprinting study, 184–186, 185 in hunter-gatherer societies, 203–205 Faye, Jean-Pierre, 380 maternal mortality, 198, 198–199 fear parental investment of, 196–199, 219 amygdala activity and, 341 political power, 197 dangerous-world beliefs, 308–312, 322 as property, 127 of death, 90, 91, 102 sexual harassment of, 124–126 defined, 266 See also mothers as disciplinary tool, 264–266 female sexuality of drug cartels, 315–317 bonobos, 202–203 of government conspiracies, 152–153 conservative attitudes toward, 121 of infectious diseases, 152–157, 162, erotic capital of women, 196–197 253–257 infectious-disease prevalence and, 157 of losing male dominance, 124 feminism, conservative opposition to, 251 Federalist Papers (J. Madison), 305–306 fertility federalist system, of James Madison, of agricultural/pastoral women, 305–306 205–209 federal powers vs. states’ rights, 67–68 blood-group incompatibilities and, 164, felids (large cats) 165 gender equality, 201 childhood survival and, 287–288 warlike behavior, 218 consanguineous marriages and, 144– weaning conflicts, 292 145, 170 female dominance in conservative societies, 199 in bonobos, 203 in Danish dispersal-distance study, matriarchal societies, the myth of, 179–180, 180 272–273 demographic transitions in developed matriotism in hyenas, 219 countries, 209–213 women’s role in workplace, 210–212 economic growth and, 210 females gender equality and, 129, 205–209, in agricultural/pastoral societies, 405–406 205–209 of hunter-gatherer women, 203–205, attitudes toward warfare, 220 287 biological adaptation to war, 225–226 Hutterite study, 144–145, 188, 190 Cold War depictions of, 122 of hybrids, 138, 151 cultural stereotypes, 122–123 Icelandic genealogy study, 172–174, demographic transitions in developed 173 countries, 209–213 immunological incompatibility and, economic power of, 197, 210–212, 272 152, 164

Our Political Nature.indd 509 6/25/13 3:24 PM 510 INDEX

impact of social spending on poor, F-scale 256–257 Anti-Semitism and Ethnocentrism intervals between pregnancies, 145, scales, 66 196, 198, 205–206, 287–288, attitudes toward homosexuality, 117 290–294 overview, 46–48, 57, 66 in liberal societies, 128 technical problems, 50 physical traits and, 166–168 See also fascism pro-birth attitudes, 406 Fujimori, Keiko, 38, 257 religiosity and, 101–102, 105, 106–107 Fukuyama, Francis, 224, 254 sim-pua marriages and, 183 fusiform face area (FFA), 186–187 sterilization programs, 238–239, 257 See also contraception; pregnancy; Gaddafi, Col. Muammar, 20, 236, 242, reproduction 383 FFA (fusiform face area), 186–187 Galton, Sir Francis, 276, 417–418 Fincher, Corey, 155 Garratty, George, 160 Finland, male legislators, 197 gay marriage Firth, Colin, 31 countries with legalized, 115 fixation, of personality traits, 369 support for, 119 Flügel, John Carl, 273 US public opinions on, 117 Flight, Howard, 256–257 gay rights Folly of Fools: The Logic of Deceit and adoptions by gay couples, 117, 119 Self-Deception in Human Life, The in global politics, 119–120 (R. Trivers), 371 opposition to, 35, 115–116, 372 food prices, Arab Spring protests and, RWA scores and, 116–117 18–19 support for, 119 food taboos (dietary restrictions), 92, 94–95 US public opinions on, 117–119 four sprouts, of Mencius, 300–301 See also homosexuals/homosexuality Fowler, James, 181 gender differences Fraley, R. Chris, 267 Block’s political-orientation study, France, religiosity, 89 23–24 Frank, Thomas, 35 chimpanzee violence, 33 fratricide (siblicide), 288–290 personality traits, 43 freedom of speech/freedom of the press, gender equality, 194–213 381, 406–407 in birds, 200–201 French Revolution, 302 in bonobos vs. chimpanzees, 201–203, French Wars of Religion, 238 218–219 Frenkel-Brunswik, Elsie, 48 conservative attitudes toward, 120–122, Freud, Biologist of the Mind: Beyond 123–124, 199, 251 the Psychoanalytic Legend demographic changes and, 209–213, (F. Sulloway), 372–373 405–406 Freud, Sigmund, 184, 275, 372–373 divorce and, 211 friendships, political orientation and economic power of men vs. women, number of, 181–182 197, 210–212, 272

Our Political Nature.indd 510 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 511

egalitarian families and, 268 inbreeding and, 136 Garden of Eden story, 199 of maternally vs. paternally inherited in global politics, 124–128 DNA, 224 impact of Cold War on, 122 Red Queen’s Hypothesis, 190 impact of education on, 123, 123 sexual reproduction and, 135–136 impact on fertility, 129, 205–209 genetic studies liberal attitudes, 120–121, 123, 123, of caste-based societies, 93–94 124, 127–128, 199 DNA studies on political orientation, 27 in Marxism, 220 dopamine receptors and political maternal mortality and, 198, 198–199 behavior, 181–182 neo-Nazi families and, 271 of early humans, 131–133, 132 overview, 199–200 of human blood-group systems, parental-investment theory, 196–199 158–162 preference for male children, 194–195, of Hutterites, 144–145, 188, 189, 190–191 200 of Hutus and Tutsis, 239 RWA scores, 121–122 Icelandic genealogy, 172–174, 173 sexual-equality deception, 387–388 of inbred children, 140 UN goal to promote, 195 of maternally inherited DNA, 223–224 US public opinions on, 122–124 MHC and odor preferences, 191–192 women as property, 127 of personality traits, 43 women’s investment in reproduction, of religiosity, 87–88 198–199 twin studies of left-right orientation, 27 See also male dominance; women’s Genghis Khan, 228 rights genocide gene complexes, coadapted, 148 causes of, 230–232 gene mutations, 135–136, 368–369 dehumanization and disease, 235–236 genetic diameter of altruism, 358–360 exclusionary, extremist ideologies, 231, genetic diseases 232–235 balanced polymorphism, 163 genocidal ideologies, 237 inbreeding and, 99, 129, 136–138, HIV perceived as, 152–153 139–143, 146 Holocaust, 236, 238–239, 381, 396, sickle-cell disease, 162–163, 239 397–398 See also consanguineous (cousin) impact on gene pool, 237–240 marriages just-world hypothesis and, 252 genetic distance, optimal. See out- overview, 227–242 breeding, optimal politicide, 228–230, 237, 240 genetic diversity primatological origins of, 216–219 adaptations to environmental niches, subtypes, 228–230, 237 147 See also warfare; specific countries in bees, 137 German Personnel Research Branch, 270 environmental degradation and, 137 Germany human blood groups and, 158–162 anti-Semitic tradition, 231–232, of immune systems, 190 235–236

Our Political Nature.indd 511 6/25/13 3:24 PM 512 INDEX

authoritarian discipline, 269–271 Gratian, John, 389 Dutch attitudes toward Germans, 340 “Great Backlash,” in response to 1960s Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 391, 392 liberalism, 35 Muslim immigrants, 99–100, 101 Great Depression, cause of, 39–40 secularism, 101 Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Social Democratic Party, 100 Jamahiriya, 383 Germany Does away with Itself Great Tits, inbreeding-outbreeding con- (T. Sarrazin), 99–100 tinuum, 133, 134 germs. See infectious diseases Green Coalition (Spain), 115 Gervais, Ricky, 367–369, 373 Greenspan, Alan, 422 Giedd, Jay, 363–364 Greenstein, Fred, 309 Giffords, Gabrielle, 261 Ground Zero Mosque, 74 Gilbert, W. S., 24–25 Guantanamo Bay detention camp, 249 Gingrich, Newt, 313 Guatemala, genocide, 229 Gini coefficient, economic inequality, 385 guilt Gintis, Herbert, 355, 356 defense mechanisms to deal with, Glaeser, Edward, 35–36 373–375 global climate change, impact on bears, as disciplinary tool, 265, 266, 296 139 Guinea, economic inequality, 385 global economic recession of 2008, 40 Guizot, François, 318, 320 Gnau people, 355, 357 Guns, Germs, and Steel (J. Diamond), Goldberg, Steven, 273 206 Goldhagen, Daniel, 231–232 gun violence, conservative attitudes Goldwater, Barry, 67, 306–307 toward, 35, 261 Gombe Stream National Park, 216–217, Gwi bushmen, 204–205 221 Good, the Bad, and the Ugly, The, 325, Habsburg dynasty (Spain) 326 alliances, 226 Goodall, Jane, 178, 216–218 inbreeding, 140–142, 166–167, 167 Gore, Al, 41–42, 42, 119, 397 Hadza people, 287, 356, 362 gorillas, 201 Haidt, Jonathan, 91 government Haldane, J. B. S., 332 corruption in, 377–380 Hamas party, 53, 237 fear of, 152–153 Hamdy, Faida, 18, 21 future of, 410–412 Hamilton, William D., 218, 326, 331– harassment of venders by, 17–19 333, 346 horseshoe theory, 380–394 Hamilton’s rule of kin selection, 331–333, philosophers on nature of, 299–306 339 propaganda used by, 376–380 Hammarskjöld, Dag, 276 spending on poor, 256–257, 377–378, Haneke, Michael, 270 402 Harff, Barbara, 228–231, 237 See also elections; political leaders; Harry Potter books, 99 voting habits Hartmann, Heinz, 372

Our Political Nature.indd 512 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 513

hate groups in United States primate examples, 201–203, 344 attitudes toward capital punishment, Rousseau on, 302 248 tolerance of inequality, 58, 59–60 authoritarian family discipline, 271 See also authority, societal attitudes dangerous-world beliefs, 310 toward degenerating-world perspective, 313 Hindus ethnocentrism of, 74–75, 152–153 caste system, 93 fear of losing male dominance, 124 conflicts with Muslims, 232–233 homophobic beliefs, 118 on consanguineous marriages, 176 threats of violence, 261 religion in politics, 83 See also Nazi party tribalism and religion, 92 Hatemi, Peter, 168–169, 193 worldwide statistics, 96 Hawaii, Kingdom of, 83 Hinkley, John W. Jr., 276 headscarves (hijabs) hippopotamuses, reciprocal altruism, 343 Chechen requirement for, 125–126 Hirszfeld, Ludwik and Hanka, 158 prohibitions against wearing, 19, 74, 99 Hispanic people. See Latinos health care reform (Patient Protection and History of Human Marriage, The Affordable Care Act), 34, 261 (E. Westermarck), 183 hedonism, 303 Hitler, Adolf Helgason, Agnar, 172–174 alliance with Stalin, 391, 392 “helpers at the nest,” 201 dangerous-world beliefs, 309 Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn eliminationist ethnocentrism, 75 (HDN), 165 Holocaust, 236, 238–239, 381, 396, Henrich, Joseph, 354–356 397–398 Henry of Navarre, 238 obedience to, 258 Herat genocide, 228 portrayals of, 271 heroic rescuers, enigmatic altruism of, preoccupation with germs, 152 395–399 rise to power, 40, 46 Hetherington, Marc, 262 on status and authority, 257 Hezbollah party, 98, 258, 260 See also anti-Semitism; Nazi party Hibbing, John, 311 Hitler’s Willing Executioners hierarchical social relations (D. Goldhagen), 231–232 in agricultural/pastoral societies, HIV/AIDS 206–209 in black population, 152–153, 162–163 in Communist regimes, 383 condom use and, 114, 153 conservative attitudes, 251–252, 262– denialism, 153 263, 264, 296, 388 ethnocentrism and fear of, 152–153, disciplinary morality, 264–268, 296 236 gender issues, 272–273 fear of death and, 90 hierarchical families, 262–263, 264, as government conspiracy, 152–153 269–271, 272–273, 292 human blood groups and, 162–163 just-world hypothesis, 251–258 malaria and, 162–163 kin selection and, 347 support for homosexual rights and, 117

Our Political Nature.indd 513 6/25/13 3:24 PM 514 INDEX

HLAs (human leucocyte antigens), 146, hot-button issues 188, 189 examples, 26 Hobbes, Thomas, 305, 310 personality traits and attitudes toward, Ho Chi Minh, leader worship, 383–384 58–59 Hofstede, Geert, 155 political unawareness of, 421–422 Holocaust, 236, 238–239, 381, 396, 397–398 sibling rivalry and attitudes toward, homophobia 280–282 capital punishment and, 115–116 See also specific issues religiosity and, 117–118 Huayna Capac (Incan emperor), 157–158 homosexuals/homosexuality Huguenots, 238 AIDS and fear of death, 90 Humala, Ollanta, 37 authoritarian personality and disap- human leucocyte antigens (HLAs), 146, proval of, 46 188, 189 Catholic doctrine against, 388–389 human nature, perceptions of, 380–394 Communist repression of, 387 belief in perfectibility of humans, 381, conservative opposition to, 115–116, 382 119–120, 251, 372 changes with aging, 315–323 demographic changes, 404 cynicism and, 317–319 in global politics, 119–120 interconnectedness with others, 399 LGB voting patterns, 119 overview, 297–298, 299, 325–327 opposition to civil rights of, 35, 115– personality trait clusters, 58, 58, 60, 116, 372 297, 401 overview, 116 political orientation and, 306–314 RWA scores and, 116–117 RWA category, 56, 57 self-deceptive altruism and, 372, 373 See also altruism; competitive human state-sanctioned prohibitions on, 107, nature; cooperative human nature; 115–116, 388–389 selfishness US public opinions on, 117–119 humans (Homo sapiens) See also gay rights economic reliance on families, 361–363 Hong Kong, religiosity, 89 evolutionary goals of sexes, 196–197 honor killings, 93–94, 112 evolution of, 131–133, 145–146, 188, horseshoe theory, 380–394 220–221 anti-ethnocentrism, 386–387 patrilocal residence pattern, 219–220 authoritarian alliances across the spec- primate relatives of, 201, 203 trum, 390–394 hunter-gatherer societies economic egalitarianism, 385 costly punishment, 353, 355–356 leader worship, 383–385 economics of dependence, 360–362, 362 overview, 380–382 egalitarian families, 268 self-deception of leaders on extreme gender equality and fertility, 203–205 left, 383–388 indirect reciprocity, 351–352 self-deception of leaders on extreme infant/child mortality, 287, 289 right, 388–390 patrilocal residence pattern, 219–220 sexual-equality deception, 387–388 warfare, 216

Our Political Nature.indd 514 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 515

Hussein, Saddam, 229, 346 immunological incompatibility, 152, 164 Hutterites, consanguineous marriages, Implicit Associations Test, 69–70 144–145, 188, 189, 190–191 impulse control, authoritarian personality Hutus vs. Tutsis trait, 46 basis of hatred between, 239–240 inbreeding genocide, 229–230, 236, 381, 398 adaptation to environmental niche, hybrid fertility, 138 147–148 hybrid infertility, 139, 142, 147 in agricultural/pastoral societies, hybridization 206–207 adaptations to environmental niches, altruism and, 149 148 of bees, 137 through outbreeding, 138–139 benefits of, 149–150, 163, 176–177 hyenas, warlike behavior, 218, 219 ethnocentrism and, 149 hymenoplasty, 112 fertility and, 144–145, 170 hypocrisy. See self-deceptive altruism hemolytic disease of the newborn and, 165 ibex, outbreeding depression, 151 human blood groups and, 158–162 Iceland, optimal-outbreeding study, 172–174 in humans, 137, 139–143, 146 ideological coherence categories, 422– Incan royalty, 157–158 426, 423 infectious diseases and, 152–158, 235 ideologues, 381, 382, 422, 423, 424 malaria and, 162–163 imagination, disapproval of, 46 outbreeding vs., 59, 129, 149–150 immigrants/immigration overview, 133 conservative opposition to, 70–71, 72, personality traits and, 167–168 404 physical traits and, 140–142, 141, discrimination against immigrants, 166–168 99–100 preeclampsia and, 166 failure to assimilate, 100 tribalism and, 59, 137 outbreeding mechanism, 188 worldwide probability of, 174–175, twin-study attitudes toward, 26–27 175 immune systems See also consanguineous marriages; hemolytic disease of the newborn, 165 endogamy; outbreeding HIV and malaria, 162–163 inbreeding depression human blood-group antigens, 158–162, in animals, 138–139, 151 160 defined, 135 human leucocyte antigens, 146, 188, 189 disabilities and, 99 of indigenous peoples, 157–158 genetic risks, 136–138, 139–143, 146, Major Histocompatibility Complex, 170 188, 189, 190–192 in Icelandic genealogy study, 174 outbreeding enhancement and, incest taboos to prevent, 178–179, 183 145–146 mechanisms for preventing, 171–172, Red Queen’s Hypothesis, 190 177–192 See also infectious diseases overview, 129

Our Political Nature.indd 515 6/25/13 3:24 PM 516 INDEX

inbreeding enhancement, 147, 151, 170 Prosperous Justice Party, 111 inbreeding-outbreeding continuum, 133, religiosity rates, 88 134, 146 inequality, tolerance of Incas acts of God and, 252–253 harems of rulers, 207 of economic conservatives, 155 inbreeding, 157–158 economic inequality, 253–255 Spanish conquest, 233 within families, 273–274, 300 tribalism and religion, 92 government spending on poor, 256–257 incest just-world hypothesis, 251–258 Catholic doctrine against, 388–389 of Occupiers, 59 Oedipus complex, 184 overview, 243 practiced by noble castes, 92 personality trait clusters, 58, 58, 59–60, 401 taboos against, 74, 140, 179 RWA content category, 56, 57 See also consanguineous marriages; in society, 249–258 inbreeding status of high-ranking people, 257–258 income. See economics; poverty; rich people of Tea Partiers, 59 India tests of, 57 caste system, 92–93 wealth and private property, 253–255 Democracy Index, 390–391 See also economic inequality divorce laws, 127 infanticide, 202, 205, 209 fertility rates, 212–213 infantis interruptus strategy, 292–294 harems of rulers, 207 infant mortality immigration from, 76 consanguineous marriages and, 142– Maurya Empire, 304 143, 144 Patel surname, 171 evolutionary fitness and, 143 indigenous peoples inbreeding and, 138, 139, 140, 146 anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 79–80 number of children and, 296 blood-group systems of, 158–162, 159 sibling rivalry and, 287–288 killed by infectious diseases, 157–158 infectious diseases percentage of deaths caused by war, ethnocentrism and, 152–157 222, 222 evolutionary fitness and, 157–170 See also specific tribes human blood groups and, 158–162, 160 indirect reciprocity (costly signaling), impact of outbreeding, 151–152 351–352, 395–396 outbreeding depression and, 150, 152– individualism, pathogen prevalence vs., 157, 161 155–156, 156 out-groups perceived as disease individualism-collectivism spectrum, vectors, 152, 153, 235–236 155–156 pathogen prevalence vs. individualism/ Indo-European linguistic family, 30 collectivism, 155–156, 156 Indonesia political psychology of, 152–157 Democracy Index, 390–391 vaccinations, 287–288, 296 Lamalera people, 356 See also immune systems; specific pornography controversy, 111, 112 diseases

Our Political Nature.indd 516 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 517

infertility Islamic Solidarity Games, 98 hemolytic disease of the newborn and, Islamist leaders 165 alliance with Communist leaders, of hybrids, 139, 147, 151 391–393 inbreeding and, 142 anti-Christian rhetoric, 81–82 inheritance of wealth/property Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, 106 kin selection and, 334–335 exiled from Tunisia, 19 through primogeniture, 277–278, 288–289 genocidal ideologies, 227–228, 237 Inhofe, Senator Jim, 35 hyperconnectivity used by, 407 intellectualism, disapproval of, 46 obedience to, 258 Internet Osama bin Laden, 249, 389–390 “Anonymous” group, 19 Prosperous Justice Party (Indonesia), 111 social media, 18, 20, 227, 406–407 support for suicide bombers, 346–347, interracial marriage 382 anti-miscegenation laws, 68, 73, tribalism and religion, 91–92 238–239 US relations with, 308 demographic changes and, 404 Israel between Hutus and Tutsis, 239–240 abortion politics, 103 intifadas, genocidal provocation, 227–228 ethnocentric political parties, 69, 76 Invention of Lying, The, 367–369, 373 Hadash party, 69 Iott, Rich, 75 importance of shared ancestry, 94–95 Iran Iranian relations with, 260 2009–10 election protests, 20 Labor party, 54 axis of evil, 393 Law of Return, 94–95 Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, 106 Likud party, 54, 54 Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, 391–393 multiple prejudices, 72 nuclear program, 98, 260, 392 pro-birth attitudes, 406 punishment for adultery, 113 RWA scores, 52–54, 72 sexual harassment, 125 Shas party, 69 sexual intolerance, 106, 108 Temple Mount politics, 233–234 tribalism and religiosity, 91–92, 98 United Torah Judaism party, 69, 95 Iraq US relations with, 308 Arab Spring protests, 20 women’s service in armed forces, 220 axis of evil, 393 Zionism, 79 Saddam Hussein, 229, 346 Israeli-Arab conflict Iraq War Armageddonite view of, 253 Mission Accomplished speech, 258 genocidal ideologies, 227, 234, 237 political orientation and support for, Israeli holocaust museum, 397 218, 311 Italy Ishihara, Shintaro, 112 Big Five personality traits, 43 Islamic Jihad, 53 House of Freedoms party, 43 Islamic Republic Medal, to Hugo Chavez, multiple prejudices, 72 392 Olive Tree party, 43

Our Political Nature.indd 517 6/25/13 3:24 PM 518 INDEX

Ivory coast, chimpanzee lethal raiding Sephardim, 52, 69, 95, 188 behavior, 217 sibling rivalry depictions in the Bible, Iyengar, Shanto, 337–339 274–275 tribalism and religion, 92 Janjaweed militias, 98 worldwide statistics, 96 Japan See also Anti-Semitism abortion beliefs, 103 Judeo-Christian Enlightenment, 82 Clean Government Party, 86 just-world hypothesis economic inequality, 385 acts of God, 252–253 Kamikaze pilots, 346 cartoon, 254 Liberal Democratic Party, 86 government spending on poor, 256–257 pornography controversy, 111–112 justification for political authority, religiosity, 86, 89 257–258 Japanese Americans, social attitudes of overview, 251–252 first-borns, 278, 281 status of high-ranking people, 257–258 Jerusalem, Jewish-Christian-Muslim con- support for male dominance, 273 flicts, 234 wealth and private property, 253–255 Jewish people. See Judaism “Joe the Plumber,” 425 !Kung people, 204–205, 287, 362 Johnson, Allen, 204, 205 Kadyrov, Ramzan, 124–125 Jordan Kamikaze pilots, 346 Arab Spring protests, 20 Kampuchea, Pol Pot regime, 240 immigration from, 76 Kansas, voting against financial self- Joseph, Sir Keith, 257 interest, 35–36 Jost, John, 76, 408 Kaplan, Hillard, 211, 360–362 Joy Brigades, North Korea, 387–388 Kato, David, 115–116 Judaism Kauṭilīya (Chānakya), 304, 410 Armageddonite view of, 253 Keniston, Kenneth, 268 Ashkenazim, 52, 69, 95, 188 Kennedy, John F., 307 dietary restrictions, 94–95 Kerry, John homosexuality in the Bible, 117–118 attributes of people voting for, 41–42, immigration to Israel, 94 42, 119 intermarriage, 188 subliminally morphed photo experi- Israeli-Arab conflict, 94–95, 227, 234, ment, 337–339, 338 237, 253 Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali, 106 Israeli RWA scores, 52–54, 53, 54, 84, Khmer Rouge, 240 85 kibbutzim, Westermarck effect in, kibbutzim and the Westermarck effect, 183–184 183–184 Kim Il-sung, 387 Mizrahim, 52, 95 Kim Jong-il, 386, 387–388 overestimation of Jews in population, Kim Jong-un, 386 70–71 Kingdom of Hawaii, religion in politics, Rastafarians and, 98 83

Our Political Nature.indd 518 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 519

King Solomon, Temple built by, 233–234 Kurds, genocide, 229 kin-recognition mechanisms for optimal Kuwait, Arab Spring protests, 20 outbreeding kwashiorkor, 290–291, 291 innate mechanisms, 188–193 Kyrgyzstan, economic inequality, 385 sexual imprinting, 182–188 kin selection, 330–342 Labor Party (Israel), 54, 54 in animals, 151 Labouriau, Rodrigo, 179–180 brain mechanisms for, 31, 341–342 lactational amenorrhea, 290 changes in exposure over the lifespan, Lakoff, George, 100, 251, 265, 309 358–360 Lamalera people, 356 as conservative, 347 Lammers, Joris, 377–378 experiments to test, 333–337, 350 Laos, economic inequality, 385 Hamilton’s rule of, 331–333 Lasch, Christopher, 273 inbreeding and, 149 Lasswell, Harold, 273 inheritance of property and, 334–335 Latifi, Habibollah, 91–92 by leftist dictators, 387 Latin America mechanisms for, 339–342 corruption, impact on GDP per capita, overview, 330–331 380 oxytocin’s effect on, 339–341 GDP per capita, rise in, 38–39 political consequences, 337–339 political extremism/moderation, 38–39 suicidal nepotistic altruism, 346–347, See also specific Latin American 358–359 countries kinship Latinos Icelandic genealogy study, 173, demographic changes, 404 173–174 immigration issues, 26–27, 70–71, 72, See also consanguineous marriages; 404 endogamy; family authority and overestimation of Hispanics in popula- family conflict; inbreeding tion, 70–71 kinsmen, Ku Klux Klan, 75 political extremism/moderation, 40–41 Kissinger, Henry, 378 leader worship, 383–385 Kiwai people, 226 Lebanon Klofstad, Casey, 168–169 Arab Spring protests, 20 Knight, Kathleen, 423 Hezbollah party, 98, 258, 260 Knops antigens, 163 immigration from, 76 Kohn, Michael, 138 Lee, Spike, 153 Kressel, Neil, 239 left-right political spectrum Kristof, Nicholas, 154 self-placement survey, 28–29, 29, 39 Ku Klux Klan See also political orientation attitudes toward AIDS, 152 left-wing political views authoritarian family discipline, 271 on abortion, 103 ethnocentrism, 75 bedroom cues to identify, 76 homophobic beliefs, 118 ethnocentrism and, 76–77 threats of violence, 261 feminization of, 122–123

Our Political Nature.indd 519 6/25/13 3:24 PM 520 INDEX

global self-positioning survey, 28–29, income and personalities of blue states, 29 41–44 origin of term, 28 latte or limousine liberals, 35 political extremism/moderation in Peru, liberal-conservative self-placement, 37–38 28–29, 29, 39 See also Communism; Democrats; lib- mate choice, 168–169 erals; Socialism MRI brain studies, 31–32, 32 Lenin, 78–80, 387 novelty-seeking behavior, 181–182 Lerner, Melvin, 252 Nurturant Parent model, 272 lesbians. See gay rights; homosexuals/ opposition to capital punishment, 247, homosexuality 260, 311 level of significance, 419–420 opposition to inequality, 250–251, 255, Leviathan power, 305 274 Levin, Yehuda, 118 opposition to punishment, 259, 261 Levinson, Daniel, 36 opposition to torture, 249 Levy, David, 77, 270 personality traits, 43, 277, 320, 366 Lewis, Bernard, 82 physiological differences, 32–33 LGBT people. See gay rights; processing of dominant emotions by, homosexuals/homosexuality 310–312 liberals progressive, defined, 312 in academia, 47 reciprocal altruism, 347 anterior cingulate traits of, 31, 341 religious practices, 87 anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 78–80, sexual tolerance, 107, 109, 115 100, 381, 386–387 social scientists as, 321 birth order associated with, 277–282, support for affirmative action, 69 295 support for desegregation, 36, 426 Canadian RWA scores, 51–52, 52 support for gay rights, 119, 120 cooperative human nature, 307–308 support for gender equality, 120–121, dreams of, 312 123, 123, 124, 127–128 efforts to recruit others, 403 support for social spending, 256, 257 egalitarian worldview, 258, 263–264, tolerance of rule breakers, 247–248, 296 250–251 ethnocentrism and, 76–77 tribalism cluster of personality traits, family disciplinary strategies, 266–269 63 fear of germs compared with conserva- twin studies on left-right orientation, tives, 154 23–24, 25, 25–27 feminization of, 122–123 young people as, 318–319, 322 “Great Backlash” in response to 1960s See also Democrats; left-wing liberals, 35 Librescu, Liviu, 396 horseshoe theory, 380, 381–382 Libya human nature perceived as improving, age structure, 405 313–314 Arab Spring protests, 20 incest taboos in liberal societies, 74 Civil War and politicide, 236–237

Our Political Nature.indd 520 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 521

Colonel Gaddafi, 20, 236, 242, 383 commitment capital, 197 mass rapes, 242 conservative support for, 124–127, 273 Lichtenberg, Judith, 396–397 economic power, 197 Light of the World (Pope Benedict XVI), fear of losing, 124 114 in hierarchical families, 271, 272–273 Likud party (Israel), 54, 54 marriage of young girls, 124, 126–127 Limbaugh, Rush, 389 number of children and, 199 limbic system development, 364–365, patriarchal oppression, 272–273 366 political power, 197 litmus tests, political, 49–55 preference for male children, 194–195, Liu Xiaobo, 390–391 200, 213 Locke, John, 301 in Saudi Arabia, 126 Logan, Lara, 125 males Lucas, Arthur, 245–246, 246, 250, 252 in agricultural/pastoral societies, Lucretius, 90 205–209 Luther, Martin, 231, 235 fear of infectious disease and, 157 lying. See self-deceptive altruism hierarchical vs. egalitarian worldview, Lysenko, Trofim, 303 272–273 in hunter-gatherer societies, 203–205 Machiguenga tribe, 204, 205, 268, miscarriage of male fetuses during 354–355 wartime, 225–226 Madison, James, 305–306 parental investment of, 196–199, 219 Madsen, Elainie, 335–336 targeted by genocide, 237 Major Histocompatibility Complex male violence, 220–223 (MHC), 188, 189, 190–192 murder rates, 224 malaria overview, 220–223 HIV/AIDS and, 162–163 rape, 73, 153, 221, 223, 241–242 prevalence vs. individualism/­ sexual harassment, 124–126 collectivism, 155–156, 156 warfare as reproductive strategy, sickle-cell disease and, 162–163, 239 223–226 Malawi, religiosity rates, 89 warlike behavior, 219–220 Malayo-Polynesian ethno-linguistic Malinowski, Bronisław, 90 group, 30 Mallet, James, 139 male-coalitional reproductive strategy, malnutrition 223 kwashiorkor, 290–291, 291 male dominance sibling rivalry and, 286 in agricultural/pastoral societies, weaning conflicts and, 290–292 206–209 Malta, abortion politics, 104 in authoritarian countries, 124 manga comics, pornography controversy, biblical depictions of, 199 111–112 in Chechnya, 125–126 “man in the hole, the,” 157–158 in chimpanzees vs. bonobos, 202–203, Manitoba Prejudice Scale, 66–67 218–219, 294 Mankoff, Robert, 254

Our Political Nature.indd 521 6/25/13 3:24 PM 522 INDEX

Mao, Chairman, 274, 387 kin selection, 149 Maria Luisa of Orleans, 141 men’s role, 196–197 marijuana, student use of, 280 MHC and, 191–192 Maring tribe, peacemaking ceremonies, odor preferences, 191–193 226 outbreeding depression and, 150–151 marriage of Patels, 171–172 anti-miscegenation laws, 68, 73, self-deceptive courtship, 368, 371–372 238–239 similar physical/personality traits of arranged marriage, 106–107, 124, 207, partners, 167–169, 403 207–208, 208 women’s role, 196–197 demographic changes and, 404 See also inbreeding; outbreeding; for economic/political purposes, 127 reproduction; sexual desire; sexu- gay marriage, 115, 117, 119 ality, nonreproductive Icelandic genealogy study, 172–174 matriarchy, 272–273 mixed-race marriage, 185 matriotism, 219, 220 polygynous societies, 224 Matthews, Chris, 272 right to choose own spouse, 124, 127 Mauritania, religiosity rates, 89 sim-pua, or minor, 183 Maurya Empire, 304, 410–411 vs. education and labor-force participa- Mbeki, Thabo, 153 tion, 211 McCain, John, 109, 422, 425 without parental approval, 207, 212 McCann, Stewart, 246–247 young brides, 124, 126–127 McCrae, Robert, 30, 322–323 See also consanguineous marriages; McDermott, Rose, 168–169 extramarital affairs media martyrs coverage of Tunisian riots, 18, 21 enigmatic altruism of heroic rescuers, deceptive advertising, 368, 371 395–399 depictions of altruism, 367–369 Pavel Morozov as, 78 government restrictions on, 19 suicide bombers as, 346–347 political elites, 424, 425 Marx, Karl, 302–303, 306 political propaganda, 76–80 Marxism social media, 18, 20, 227, 406–407 leader worship, 383–384 See also specific media figures overview, 302–303 medical bills, bankruptcies due to, 34 property ownership, 255 Mein Kampf (A. Hitler), 75, 257 raised-fist salute, 258 Melanesians, 132, 132 sexual equality, 220 Meloen, Jos, 39, 74, 124 masturbation, 108, 110–111 Mencius, 300–301, 304 mating, optimal. See outbreeding, optimal mental health, family conflicts and, mating patterns 266–267 fear of infectious disease and, 157 Metzger, Tom, 75, 261, 310 genetic diversity, 148 Mexico, drug cartels, 315–317, 358 of Hutterites, 190–191 MHC (Major Histocompatibility infantis interruptus, 292–294 Complex), 188, 189, 190–192

Our Political Nature.indd 522 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 523

Middle Assyrian Laws, 278 of propaganda by political leaders, middle class 376–380 in Latin America, 38 See also altruism; inequality, tolerance political instability and, 406 of; religiosity; selfishness; sexu- Middle East ality, nonreproductive Arab Spring protests, 17–21 Moral Order is the Natural Order, 251 consanguineous union probability, Moreno-Ocampo, Luis, 242 174–176, 175 Morozov, Pavel, 78 demographic changes and, 406–407 Moses, 226, 233–234, 275 fertility rates, 212 mothers Iran controversy, 260 in egalitarian families, 269, 272–273 preference for male children, 194–195, in hierarchical families, 271 200 interactions with children, 267, RWA scores for Jewish Israelis and 272–273 Muslim Palestinians, 52–54, 53, oxytocin bonding role, 339 54 parental investment of, 196–199, 219 US-brokered peace, 308 sexual-imprinting study, 186 See also Arab Spring protests; Islamist See also fertility; pregnancy; leaders; Judaism; Muslims; spe- reproduction cific countries Mount Carmel Forest Fire, 253 Midianites, 226 Mourant, Arthur, 158, 161 Milošević, Slobodan, 47 MRI studies on political orientation, minga, 353 31–32, 32 miscarriages Mubarak, Hosni, 20 blood-group incompatibilities and, 164 Muhammad (Prophet), 81, 98, 175–176, of male fetuses during wartime, 227 225–226 Muslim Brotherhood party, 112–113 MHC and, 188, 190 Muslims Mizrahim, 52, 95, 188 abortion beliefs, 103–104 moderation. See political moderation attitudes toward premarital sex, Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 391, 392 112–113 Money-Kyrle, Roger, 270, 309 Bosnian genocide, 47, 80, 104, 240, mongooses, social inequality, 201 241 Monroe, Kristen, 398 Christian-Muslim conflicts, 235, 252 Moore, Michael, 261 consanguineous union probability, Morales, Evo, 76, 255, 393 174–176, 175 moralistic fallacy, 215, 250–251 discrimination against, 85 morality divorce laws, 127 degenerating-world perspective, Dutch attitudes toward, 340 312–314 genocidal ideologies, 237 “Great Backlash” in response to 1960s headscarf controversies, 19, 74, 99, liberalism, 35 125–126 group vs. individual, 382 Hindu-Muslim conflicts, 232–233

Our Political Nature.indd 523 6/25/13 3:24 PM 524 INDEX

hyperconnectivity and Islamist mili- subtle cheating favored by, 370 tants, 407 See also evolutionary fitness as immigrants in Germany, 99–100 Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion, The intifadas, 227–228 (J. Zaller), 424 Israeli-Arab conflict, 94–95, 227, 234, Nazi party 237, 253 authoritarian personality, 45–49 Obama perceived as Muslim, 97 childhood discipline and attraction to, opposition to gay rights, 119 270–271 preference for male children, 194–195 cooperation with Stalin, 391 primogeniture ban, 289–290 economic depression and, 39–40 punishment for adultery, 113 fatherland symbolism, 274 religious discrimination by, 81–82 Holocaust, 232, 236, 238–239, 381, RWA scores, 52–54, 53, 84, 85 396, 397–398 self-deception of leaders, 389–390 neo-Nazis, 74–75, 271, 310, 313 sexual intolerance, 106, 108, 109–110, post-WWII de-Nazification study, 77, 111 86, 270 suicide bombers, 346–347, 382 salute, 258 tribal ideologies, 92, 98, 100 See also fascism; Hitler, Adolf US relations with, 307–308 Neanderthals, 131–133, 132, 145 worldwide statistics, 96, 96 Neolithic people, 205 See also Islamist leaders; religiosity neolocal residence pattern, 179 mutual dependence, 200–203, 205–209 neo-Nazis, 74–75, 271, 310, 313 Myanmar (Burma), ethnic persecution, See also hate groups in US 232 Nepal, obstetric fistulas, 127 Nesse, Randolph, 371 Naím, Moisés, 109, 406 Netanyahu, Benjamin, 95 NARG1, neurotransmitter receptor, 27 neuroscience studies National Association for Research & of aging brains, 363–365 Therapy of Homosexuality, 372 of altruistic behavior, 341–342, National Election Studies, 28, 34 356–357 nationalism/patriotism of political orientation, 31, 181–182, of conservatives, 67–68, 311 341, 366 male warfare and, 220 Neuroticism, personality trait, 30, 33 RWA questions related to, 66–67 New Anti-Semitism, 79 See also ethnocentrism Nicaragua, abortion politics, 104 Nation of Islam, 152–153 Niger, religiosity rates, 88 naturalistic fallacy, 215, 251 Nigeria, punishment for adultery, 113 natural selection Nixon, Richard, 73, 407 gene mutations and, 136 Niyazov, Saparmurat, 384 human blood-group systems and, NMDA, attributes associated with, 27 158–162 Nobel Peace Price inbreeding favored by, 151–152 to Al Gore, 397 reciprocal altruism and, 348 to Liu Xiaobo, 390–391

Our Political Nature.indd 524 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 525

North Korea Occupy Wall Street movement, 21–22, 59 axis of evil, 393 O’Donnell, Christine, 110, 117 Law on Sex Equality, 387–388 odor preferences, mechanisms for, leader worship, 386 191–193 Norwalk virus, 161 Oedipus complex, 184 Norway, kin selection experiments, 333– Olsson, Ola, 39 335, 350 Oman, Arab Spring protests, 20 novelty-seeking behavior Openness, personality trait of later-born children, 276–277, changes with aging, 320, 322–323, 365 295–296 of later-born children, 277 limbic system and, 365 political orientation and, 30, 33, 41–42, mating dispersal distance and, 181–182 43–44, 51 Nowak, Martin, 351, 352 Opus Dei, 114 nuclear weapons oral sex, religious condemnation of, 114 in Iran, 98, 260, 392 orgasms, 115 Rosenberg executions, 122 Origins of Political Order, The Science for Peace, 348 (F. Fukuyama), 224 Nuremberg Laws, 238 Ottoman Interregnum, 289–290 Nurturant Parent model, 272 outbreeding nutrition altruism and, 149 of Aché people, 360–362, 362 anti-miscegenation laws, 68, 73, in agricultural/pastoral societies, 238–239 205–209 benefits of, 138, 163, 235 childhood survival and, 287–288 by early humans, 131–133 malnutrition, 286, 290–292, 291 fertility and, 170 Nuzi-Akkadian Laws, 278 hybridization through, 138–139 in Icelandic genealogy study, 173–174 Obama, Barack overview, 133 2008 election, 422–423 potential risks, 149–150 Audacity of Hope, The, 313–314 tribalism and, 59 belief in cooperative human nature, vs. inbreeding, 59, 129 307–308 See also exogamy Glenn Beck’s opposition to, 65, 97 outbreeding, optimal, 171–193 Guantanamo Bay detention camp, 249 dispersal mechanisms, 177–182, 365 Iran policy, 260 distance and kinship, 172–177 “Joe the Plumber” and, 425 kin-recognition mechanisms, 182–188 Patient Protection and Affordable Care optimal genetic distance, 177 Act, 34, 261 overview, 59, 129 racial issues, 40, 65, 68 Patel mating patterns, 171–172 Tea Party opposition to, 40, 65, 71 outbreeding depression Ober, Carole, 144 adaptation to environmental niche, OBP2A and OBP2B, 192–193 147–148 obstetric fistulas, 126–127 in animals and plants, 150–151

Our Political Nature.indd 525 6/25/13 3:24 PM 526 INDEX

dispersal mechanisms to prevent, 177–182 Palestinians in humans, 150, 151–152 Fatah party, 153, 194, 227, 237 immunological incompatibility and, genocidal ideologies, 227, 237 152, 164 Hamas party, 53, 237 infectious diseases and, 152–157, 161, RWA scores, 52–54, 53, 84, 85 163 suicide bombers, 346 miscarriages and, 164 Palin, Sarah, 109, 261, 425 overview, 147 Papua New Guinea physical compatibility and, 166–167 Au and Gnau peoples, 355, 357 preeclampsia and, 166 peacemaking feasts, 226 outbreeding enhancement percentage of deaths caused by war, defined, 135 222, 222 in humans, 145–146 Paraguay, Aché people, 205, 351–352, in mice, 138, 145 360–362, 362, 363 outbreeding-inbreeding continuum, 133, parental investment 134, 146 first-born vs. later-born children and, oxytocin, effect on kin-selective altruism, 275, 295 339–341 gender equality and, 207 male vs. female roles, 196–197, 210– Pääbo, Svante, 131–132 211, 219 pacifism overview, 196, 285 of bonobos, 218, 226 parent-offspring conflict, 285–287, of Hutterites, 144 288–289, 292 Kiwai peacemaking ceremonies, 226 parenting political-orientation indicator, 311 personality trait changes with, 321– Vietnam War protesters, 268–269, 307, 323, 360 348 roles of men vs. women, 196–197, Page, Benjamin, 220, 408–409 210–211, 219 Pakistan RWA scores of parents/nonparents, consanguineous marriages, 142–143, 321, 321–322 170, 174, 175 See also discipline, family; family death of bin Laden, 389–390 authority and family conflict Hindu-Muslim conflict, 233 Parent-Offspring Conflict, 285–287, 288– immigration from, 76 289, 292 Jamaat Ahle Sunnat party, 82 Parham, Peter, 146 obstetric fistulas, 127 Parsees, 176 religious discrimination, 81–82 Patient Protection and Affordable Care sexual intolerance, 109–110 Act, 34, 261 Paladino, Carl, 71, 118, 260 patriarchal oppression, 272–273 Palestinian Association for Family patrilocal residence pattern, 179, 219–220 Planning and Protection, 194–195 patriotism. See nationalism/patriotism Palestinian National Authority, 153, 234, Paul, Rand, 68 308, 346 Pelosi, Nancy, 261

Our Political Nature.indd 526 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 527

Persian Gulf/Arabian Gulf, controversy Fujimori government, 38, 257 over naming, 98 hunter-gatherer societies, 204, 205 personality trait clusters, universal Machiguenga childrearing, 268 evolutionary roots of, 59–60 Peru Posible party, 120 overview, 26, 57–61, 60, 297, 401 political extremism/moderation, 37, tolerance of inequality, 58, 58, 59–60 37–38 See also competitive human nature, Red Fatherland party, 37–38 personality trait cluster; coopera- Shining Path, 79–80, 382 tive human nature, personality trait Peterpan, Ariel, 111 cluster; tribalism cluster of person- Pferdmann, Reinhard, 75 ality traits phenotypic assortative mating, 168 personality traits pheromones authoritarian personality, 45–49 MHC, 191–192 Big Five personality traits, 30, 33, OBP2A and OBP2B, 192–193 41–42, 51, 55 Philip IV (Spain), 166–167, 167 changes with aging, 315–323, 363–366 physical traits of chimpanzees, 33 correlation between spouses, 167–169 of conservatives, 24, 43–44, 277, 320, 366 inbreeding and, 140–142, 141, 166– correlation between spouses, 167–168, 167, 167 403 physiology DNA studies, 27 differences between liberals and con- fixation of, 369 servatives, 32–33 F-scale, 46–48, 50, 57 MRI scans of conservative/liberal genetic component of, 43 brains, 31–32, 32 of heroic rescuers, 397–399 Pinker, Steven, 272 impact of ancestral origin, 30 Pinky, Nashfia Akhand, 124–125 impact of climate, 30 Pinochet, Augusto, 255 impact of sibling rivalry, 294–296 plague (Black Death), human blood of liberals, 24, 43, 277, 320, 366 groups and, 160, 160, 235–236 of red- vs. blue-state residents, 41–44 Plato, 303 warlike nature of men vs. women, 220 Plomin, Robert, 279 See also altruism; competitive human Poland nature, personality trait cluster; anti-Semitism, 47 cooperative human nature, person- Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 392 ality trait cluster; cynicism; Right- Polish Council to Save Jews, Żegota, Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) 397–398 scale; selfishness polarization of public opinion, 412–413, Peru 422–426 anti-ethnocentrism of extreme left, police 79–80 attempts to suppress protests, 18–21 attitudes toward homosexuality, 120 bribery, 17–21 condom distribution, 114 political attitudes Fuerza Social party, 120 authoritarian governments and, 28, 39

Our Political Nature.indd 527 6/25/13 3:24 PM 528 INDEX

factors that change, 404–408 utopian beliefs, 314, 381 freedom of speech and press, 381, See also hate groups in US; Nazi party 406–407 political leaders ideological, 382, 422, 423, 425 absolute power of, 382 on Occupy movement, 24 accountability of, 408 polarization of, 412–413, 422–426 birth order, 276 spectrum of coherence, 337, 339, corrupted by power, 377–380, 382 421–426 dangerous-world beliefs, 308–312 stability of, 408–410 degenerating-world perspective, 313 utopian beliefs, 314, 381–382, 388 dictators, 19–22, 383–385, 386 willingness to express, 28 exposés of corruption, 407–408 See also egalitarian worldview; hierar- ideologues, 382, 422, 423, 425 chical worldview justification for authority, 257–258 political-cohesion spectrum, 39 moral development of, 300–301 political elites, 424, 425 selecting by facial features, 337–339, political enlightenment, four steps toward, 338 412–413 self-deception of, 376–380, 383–390 political extremism symbolic of fathers, 273–274 anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 78–80, worship of, 383–385, 386 381, 386–387 political moderation assortative mating and, 169 authoritarian alliances against moder- authoritarian personality and, 45–49 ates, 390–394 belief in perfectibility of humans, 381, in authoritarian countries, 39 382 factors that contribute to, 402–403 dangerous-world beliefs, 310 as function of GDP per capita, 39, 40 degenerating-world perspective, 313 at global level, 39–41 ethnocentrism of extreme right, 74–75, in large populations, 36 152–153, 169 in Latin America, 38–39 genocide as a result of, 231–232 in Latinos, 40–41 at global level, 39–41 in Peru, 37, 37–38 horseshoe theory, 380–394 political orientation hyperegalitarianism, 272–273 attitudes toward authority and, 246–249 ideologues, 422, 423, 425 birth order and, 277–282 in large populations, 36 Block study, 23–24, 27 in Latin America, 38–39 capital punishment views and, 246– in Latinos, 40–41 247, 248, 251, 252, 260, 311 in Peru, 37, 37–38 changes with aging, 27, 318–319, 366 self-deception of leaders on extreme correlation with childhood discipline, left, 383–388 266–268 self-deception of leaders on extreme correlation with religiosity, 81–105 right, 388–390 correlation with spouse’s, 168–169 threats of violence by far-right politi- correlation with virginity, 121 cians, 260–261 cynicism and, 317–319

Our Political Nature.indd 528 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 529

dopamine receptors and, 181–182 political psychology, authoritarian person- ethnocentrism vs. xenophilia, 65–80 ality studies, 45–49 evolutionary-origins argument, 59–60 political unawareness, of American public fear of germs and, 152–157 ideological-coherence categories, 337, genetic studies on, 27 339, 422–426, 423 government spending on poor, 256 overview, 421–426 horseshoe theory, 380–394 politicide, 228–230, 237, 240 ideological-coherence categories, See also genocide 422–426 polygynous societies, war-casualty rates, just-world hypothesis and, 251–258 224 kin selection and, 339 Polynesians, caste system, 92–93 liberal-conservative self-placement, Pope Benedict IX, 388–389 28–29, 29 Pope Benedict XVI, 114 mate selection by, 168–169 Pope Gregory VI, 389 MRI brain studies on, 31–32, 32 Pope John XII, 388 overview, 402–403 pornography perceptions of human nature and, bin Laden’s use of, 389–390 306–314 conservative opposition to, 108, personality traits and, 24, 30–31, 57–59 111–112 politicide based on, 228–229, 231 overview, 111–112 primate studies, 33 position psychology of birth order religiosity vs. secularism, 81–105 (Adler), 275 sibling personalities and, 294–296 Post, Jerrold, 80, 387 stable nature of, 408–410 poverty tax-policy preferences and, 256–257 and criminal justice system, 251 twin studies on, 25, 25, 26, 363 education and, 89–90 universality of left and right, 28–31 government spending on poor, 256–257 political orientation, measurement of just-world hypothesis, 253–255 Anti-Semitism scale, 46, 66 religiosity and, 88–90, 89, 254–255 Ethnocentrism scale, 46, 66 right to reproduce and, 256–257 F-scale, 46–47, 50, 57, 66 statistics on economic inequality, 35 Manitoba Prejudice Scale, 66–67 voting against financial self-interest, Politico-Economic Conservatism scale, 34–36, 37–41, 402 46 See also economic inequality Wilson-Paterson Conservatism Scale, power 26 authoritarian personality trait, 46 Most importantly, see Right-Wing corruption of leaders by, 378–380, 382, Authoritarianism (RWA) scale 389 political parties power inequalities. See authority, soci- legalized in Tunisia, 19 etal attitudes toward; economic as predictors of ethnocentrism, 69 inequality; family authority and repression by Ben Ali government, 19 family conflict; gender equality; See also specific parties inequality, tolerance of

Our Political Nature.indd 529 6/25/13 3:24 PM 530 INDEX

Praxedis, Mexico, 315–317 indirect reciprocity, 351 predators infantis interruptus, 293–294 reciprocal altruism to defend against, male violence, 220–221 344 MHCs and mating patterns, 191 siblicide in predatory birds, 288 outbreeding depression in, 151 warlike behavior of social predators, 218 political lives of, 33 preeclampsia, 166 reciprocal altruism, 349–350 prefrontal cortex, development of, war and genocide, 216–219, 220–221 364–365 weaning conflicts, 292 pregnancy See also specific types of primates complications from outbreeding, 152 primogeniture, 277–278, 288–289 copulation-maximizing goals, 196–197, Prince of Yen, 228 219 Prisoner’s Dilemma, game theory, 347– deaths from childbirth, 198, 198–199 348, 356–357, 369–370 hemolytic disease of the newborn, 165 progressives. See liberals immunological incompatibility, 152, projection, defense mechanism, 374 164 Projectivity, authoritarian personality interbirth intervals, 145, 196, 198, 205– trait, 46 206, 287–288, 290–294 pro-life beliefs, 102–104 miscarriages, 164, 188, 190, 225–226 See also abortion number of children, 198–199 propaganda, by political leaders, 376–380 preeclampsia, 166 property ownership teen pregnancy, 126–127, 312 authoritarian governments and, 255 prejudice. See discrimination; ethnocen- political power and, 402 trism; racial discrimination primogeniture, 277–278, 288–289 premarital sex prostitution abstinence vs., 109, 209 Eliot Spitzer and, 374 arranged marriages and, 107 George Rekers and, 372, 373–374 conservative opposition to, 108 Joy Brigades in North Korea, 387–388 overview, 111 religious condemnation of, 114 partisan attitudes toward, 112 protesters. See dissidents sexual education and, 108–110 pseudo-speciation, 73–74 virginity emphasis, 107, 112–113 punishment See also extramarital affairs; sexuality, costly (strong reciprocity), 352–356, nonreproductive 357, 368 primates political orientation and support for, costly punishment, 353 259–261, 264 deception among, 370 in Prisoner’s Dilemma game, 347–348, dispersal mechanisms for optimal out- 357 breeding, 178–179 in tit-for-tat game, 349 gender equality in bonobos vs. chimps, See also capital punishment; discipline, 201–203, 218–219 family inbreeding and infant mortality, 138 Putin, Vladimir, 258

Our Political Nature.indd 530 6/25/13 3:52 PM INDEX 531

Quayle, Ben, 260 Railton, Peter, 308–309, 370 Quayle, Dan, 256 Ram (Hindu deity), 232–233 Queen Gertrude (Hamlet), 374 Rangel, Charles, 261 Qur’an rape burned in China, 387 anti-miscegenation and, 73 on consanguineous marriage, 175–176 of people with AIDS, 153 disrespect for, 234, 235 as weapon of mass reproduction, hijab mandates, 19 241–242 by Yanomamö warriors, 221, 223 Rabin, Yitzhak, 252–253 Rapoport, Anatol, 348–349 racial discrimination Rastafarians, 98 affirmative-action support, 69 Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in anti-miscegenation laws, 68, 73, American’s Policy Preferences, The 238–239 (B. Page and R. Shapiro), 408–409 Civil Rights Movement, 67–68 Reagan, Ronald, 307, 422 in criminal justice system, 250 reciprocal altruism, 343–357 education and opposition to, 426 in animals, 343–344, 344, 349–350 election of Barack Obama, 40, 65, 68 changes in exposure across the in Europe, 69 lifespan, 359–360 by extreme right groups, 74–75 evolution of, 344–350 fusiform face area study, 186–187 indirect reciprocity, 351–352, 395–396 Glenn Beck on race, 65 as liberal, 347 HIV/AIDS and, 152–153 strong reciprocity, 352–356, 357 between Hutus and Tutsis, 239–240, susceptibility to cheating, 349, 351, 381 359, 367, 369–370, 379 Implicit Associations Test, 69–70 redistributive economic policies, 34–35 in mate choice, 168–169 Red Queen’s Hypothesis, 190 multiple prejudices, 71–74 red states overestimation of minorities in popula- “Great Backlash” in response to 1960s tion, 70–71, 75 liberalism, 35 political orientation and, 65 income and personalities of, 41–44 protests against, 281 segregation by political orientation, by right-wing governments, 388 169, 403 social-desirability-bias experiment, See also conservatives; Republicans 340–341 Rees, Geraint, 31 in South Africa, 67 regulatory (internal) wars, 226 in Sudan, 98 Reich, Robert, 422 by Tea Party, 68, 71 Rekers, George, 372, 373–374 in utopian societies, 381 religion See also anti-Semitism; ethnocentrism; consanguineous marriage prohibitions, tribalism 176 Radfahrernaturen (bicyclist’s person- endogamy in traditional religions, ality), 258 92–95

Our Political Nature.indd 531 6/25/13 3:24 PM 532 INDEX

endogamy in transcendental religions, religiosity vs. secularism, 81–105 96–98 in Europe, 85–86 evolutionary origins, 87 in Germany, 101 global statistics, 87 overview, 81–83 major religious groups, 96 religious discrimination overview, 90–91 against Christians, 81–82 transcendental religions, 96–98 in Communist countries, 386–387 tribal conflicts between religions, against Muslims in Germany, 99–100 99–100 religious freedom, 381 See also specific religions replacement rate, defined, 209 religion in politics repressed, return of the, 373–375 abortion and, 102–103 reproduction history of, 82–83 anti-miscegenation laws, 68, 73, in Iran, 91–92 238–239 Republican support for, 35 blood-group incompatibilities and, 164, by right-wing governments, 388–389 165 tribalism and, 91–104 castration of minorities, 75 religiosity dietary laws to control, 92, 94–95 as component of tribalism, 58, 63, diseases that kill prior to reproductive 91–105, 235 maturity, 160–161 conservatism and, 104, 105 economics vs. birth rate, 104 education and, 89–90 female adaptation to warfare, 225–226 exclusionary ideologies, 232–235 fertility and religiosity, 101–102, 105, fear of death and, 90, 91, 102 106–107 fertility and, 101–102, 105, 106–107 gender roles and, 120–121 of first- vs. later-born children, 278, genetic studies of maternally inherited 281 DNA, 223–224 genetic component of, 87–88 homophobic beliefs and, 118 impact on reproduction, 91, 101–104 Icelandic genealogy study, 172–174, 173 impact on tribalism, 91–104 immunological incompatibility, 152, in Japan, 86 164 just-world hypothesis, 251–253, impact of genocide on, 237–240 254–255 impact of religion on, 91, 99–100, liberal opposition to, 250–251 101–105 partisanship and, 85–86 impact of social spending on poor on, poverty and, 88–90, 89 256–257 pro-birth attitudes and, 406 mass reproduction by rape, 241–242 RWA scores, 56, 83–85, 84, 97 of Muslim immigrants in Europe, 101 sexual intolerance and, 106, 108–114 nonreproductive sex vs., 107–108, 114 Spanish Inquisition, 141–142 parental-investment theory, 196–199 stress and, 88–90, 91 role in sex biases, 195 vs. spirituality, 86–87 self-deceptive courtship and, 371–372 worldwide statistics, 104 sterilization programs, 238–239, 257

Our Political Nature.indd 532 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 533

Virgin Birth story, 104 Rhineland Bastards, 238–239 warfare as male strategy for, 223–226 RhoGAM, 165 See also endogamy; exogamy; fertility; Richerson, Peter, 352–353 inbreeding; outbreeding Richeson, Jennifer, 341 Republic (Plato), 303 rich people Republicans just-world hypothesis, 253–255 dangerous-world beliefs, 310 Occupy Wall Street movement, 21–22, dreams of, 312 24 hawkish views, 218 ownership statistics, 253–254 opinions on Occupy movement, 24 as politically moderate, 39 opposition to Civil Rights Act, 67–68 religiosity and, 88, 89, 89 opposition to gay rights, 117 statistics, 35 opposition to gun control, 35 voting against financial self-interest, religiosity, 85 35, 402 RWA scores, 52 wealth and private property, 253–255 sexual tolerance, 112 right-wing political views support for Tea Party, 24 authoritarianism as litmus test for, three “G”s (God, Gays, and Guns), 35 49–55 tolerance of economic inequality, 24 authoritarian personality and, 45–49 See also conservatives; right-wing Cold War polarization and, 122 reputations ethnocentrism of extreme right, 74–75, of heroic rescuers, 395–396, 398–399 97, 152–153, 169 indirect reciprocity and, 351–352, Glenn Beck as spokesman for, 65 395–396 global self-positioning survey, 28–29, See also self-deceptive altruism 29 resource distribution origin of term, 28 authoritarian governments and, 402 political extremism/moderation in Peru, genocide role, 231 37–38 kin-selection altruism and, 334–335 See also conservatives; fascism; male dominance and, 197 Republicans role of politics in, 401–402 Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) sibling rivalry and, 294–296 scale through primogeniture, 277–278, absence of racial references, 65–66 288–289 analysis of, 56, 56–59 See also economic inequality; poverty Canadian legislators’ scores, 52 retaliation changes in scores with aging, 320–323, altruistic punishment and, 352, 359, 321 367 changes in scores with parenthood, caudate nucleus and, 357 321, 321–322 return of the repressed, 373–375 content categories, 56, 57 Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia correlation with conservatism, 65–67 (FARC), 382 correlation with religiosity, 56, 83–85, Rh blood group system, 159, 165 84, 97

Our Political Nature.indd 533 6/25/13 3:24 PM 534 INDEX

degenerating-world beliefs and, Russia 312–313 attitudes toward authority, 258 homosexuality and, 116–117 religiosity, 89 intolerance of rule breakers, 247–249 Siberian exile, 398 Israeli Jews’ scores, 53, 54, 72, 84, 85 United Russia party, 258 Muslim Palestinians’ scores, 53, 84 Rutelli, Francesco, 43 overview, 25 Rwanda personality traits, 50–55 AIDS epidemic, 236 support for corporal punishment, genocide, 229–230, 236, 239–240, 398 262–263 rape statistics, 241–242 risk-taking behavior RWA scale. See Right-Wing changes with aging, 366 Authoritarianism scale of later-born children, 276–277 limbic system and, 365 Sahih Muslim, 227–228 warfare and, 365–366 Saint Peter Damian, 388–389 Robertson, Pat, 252–253 Saleh (President of Yemen), 20 rodents sanitation systems, childhood survival altruistic acts, 330–332, 342 and, 287–288 as disease vectors, 235–236 Sarrazin, Thilo, 99–100 inbreeding depression, 151 Saudi Arabia inbreeding enhancement, 151 Ben Ali’s family exiled to, 19 MHC and mating patterns, 191 male dominance, 126 outbreeding depression, 150–151 punishment for adultery, 113 outbreeding enhancement, 138, 145 scandals, impact of technology on, weaning conflicts, 292 407–408 Roe v. Wade, 73 Schindler, Oskar, 398 Rogin, Michael Paul, 122 Schubert, Glendon, 325–326 Roman empire, 39, 207 Science for Peace, 348 Romani, murdered by Hitler, 75 Science of Politics, The (Arthaśāstra), Roosevelt, Franklin D., 39–40 410–411 Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 122 scientists Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 302, 305 birth order of, 276, 279 Rowling, J. K., 99 social scientists as liberals, 321 Rubin, Paul H., 308, 325 Scotland, inbred bees, 137 Rubinstein, Gidi, 52–53 seals, fur, 288–289 Ruhnama (S. Niyazov), 384 Sears, David, 36, 307, 409–410 rule of law secularism authoritarian governments, 381 atheism, 96 Kauṭilīya on, 410–411 in Europe, 85–86 and war-casualty rate, 221, 224 in Germany, 101 rural areas, demographic transitions in in Japan, 86 developed countries, 209–213 RWA scores and, 84 Rusesabagina, Paul, 398 worldwide statistics, 104

Our Political Nature.indd 534 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 535

Sediqi, Hojjat ol-eslam Kazem, 108 Sephardim, 52, 69, 95, 188 Seemanova, Eva, 140 September 11, 2001, 225 segregation Serbia of schools by ultra-orthodox Jews, 95 attitudes toward homosexuality, support for desegregation, 36, 426 119–120 twin-study attitudes toward, 26–27 genocide, 47, 80, 104, 240, 241 of United States by political orienta- Obraz movement, 120 tion, 169, 403 Seville Statement on Violence, 214–215 self-deceptive altruism, 367–394 sex biases evolution of, 369–375 gender-based killings, 237, 240 horseshoe theory, 380–394 miscarriage of male fetuses, 225–226 overview, 367–369, 393–394 preference for male children, 194–195, in politicians, 375, 376–380 200, 213 return of the repressed, 373–375 sex-selective abortion, 213 self-interest Sex Education for Muslims (M. Akhtar), biology of, 60 109–110 and heroic rescuers, 398 sexes, difference between of political leaders, 377–380, 382, 387 evolutionary goals of sexes, 196–197 voting against financial self-interest, reproductive potential, 195 34–39, 402 sexual desire See also self-deceptive altruism; fear of infectious disease and, 157 selfishness female bonobos, 202–203 Selfish Gene, The (R. Dawkins), 331, 371 limbic system’s role in, 365 selfishness physical traits and, 166–168 brain mechanisms for, 341–342 public arousal of, 108, 124–125 changes with aging, 359–360 sexual education, 108–110 children’s behavior toward relatives, 286 sexual harassment, 124–126, 127, 281 costly punishment for, 352, 357 sexual imprinting for optimal out- free-market capitalism and, 308 breeding, 182–188 friendship and, 304 in birds, 182, 184 Hamilton’s rule of kin selection, facial-dimensions study, 184–185, 185 332–333 kibbutzim and, 183–184 lying and, 368–369 sim-pua, or minor marriages, 183 not wired for, 356–357 Westermarck effect, 183, 184, 336 overview, 302–303, 305 sexuality, nonreproductive Prisoner’s Dilemma, game theory, 347– in bonobos, 202–203 348, 356–357 conservative opposition to, 107–108, religion to control, 91 114–115 vs. cooperation, 299–300, 303 female sexuality, 121 See also self-interest masturbation, 108, 110–111 Sendler, Irena, 397–398 men vs. women, 196–197 Senegal, chimpanzee lethal raiding overview, 106–107 behavior, 217 pornography, 108, 111–112

Our Political Nature.indd 535 6/25/13 3:24 PM 536 INDEX

relation to tribalism, 63 infantis interruptus, 292–294 right-wing government opposition to, later-born children, 275, 276–277, 388–390 295–296 sexual acts between heterosexuals, 108, origins of, 285–287 114–115 overview, 243, 274–275, 285 See also homosexuals/homosexuality parent-offspring conflict, 285–287, sexually transmitted diseases 288–289, 292 condoms to prevent, 114, 153 personalities molded by, 294–296 See also HIV/AIDS political orientation molded by, 280– sexual reproduction 282, 294–296 genetic diversity, 135–136, 148 weaning conflicts, 291–292 kin selection and, 331 siblings sexual revolution of 1960s, 107 alloparenting by, 294 sexual tolerance/intolerance similarities among, 279, 285 authoritarian personality trait, 46 sickle-cell disease, malaria and, 162–163, demographic changes and, 404 239 gender roles and, 120–121 Sidanius, Jim, 220 Muslim attitudes toward, 106, 108 Sidi Bouzid (Tunisia), 17–21 of nonreproductive/nonmarital sexu- Sikhs, worldwide statistics, 96 ality, 106–107, 110–112, 114–115, Silver, Sheldon, 71 203 Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), religiosity and, 106, 108–114 163 right-wing opposition to, 388–390 sim-pua marriages, 183 RWA content category, 56, 107–108, Singer, Peter, 250, 383 111, 121–122 Sino-Tibetan ethno-linguistic group, 30 tribalism, as component of, 58, 63 60 Minutes, coverage of Tunisian riots, 21 sham moralistic aggression, 370 slavery Shapiro, Robert, 220, 408–409 Glenn Beck on, 65 Sharon, Ariel, 253 states’ rights issues, 68 Shas party (Israel), 69 Slonim sect, 95 Shaw, George Bernard, 318 Smith, Kevin B., 154 Sherman, Paul, 331 SMS warning system, to prevent female Shifter, Michael, 38 flight, 126 Shining Path, 79–80, 382 Sniderman, Paul, 68–69, 72 Shuar people, 353 social change, tolerance of, 57 siblicide (fratricide), 288–290 social contract, 301, 305 sibling rivalry, 285–296 Social Democratic Party (Germany), 100 bequeathing property to siblings, 335 Socialism competition to survive, 287–288 competition vs., 308 first-born, 275, 276, 277–278, 294, Evo Morales government, 76, 255, 393 295–296, 405–406 Hugo Chavez government, 37, 38, 76, Hamilton’s rule of kin selection and, 255 332–333 kibbutzim and, 183–184

Our Political Nature.indd 536 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 537

leader worship, 383 See also specific South American property ownership, 255 countries raised-fist salute, 258 South Asia Social Learning Theory, 55 Chānakya, 304 social media corruption, impact on GDP per capita, coverage of 2011 Palestinian Facebook 380 intifada, 227 fertility rates, 212 coverage of Egyptian riots, 20 Southern White Knights, Ku Klux Klan, coverage of Tunisian riots, 18 75 hyperconnectivity, 406–407 South Korea, Big Five personality traits, “Twitter Revolution,” 20 43 social safety net Soviet Union government spending on, 59, 402 anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 78 just-world hypothesis and, 256–257 Communist oppression of minorities, social scientists, 47, 412 386–387 societal authority, RWA content category, Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, 391, 392 56, 57 sexual-equality deception, 387 socioeconomic class Stalin, 228–229, 303 income and personalities of red/blue women’s participation in war, 220 states, 41–44 See also Russia political extremism/moderation at Spain global level, 39–41 conquest of the Incas, 157–158, 233 political extremism/moderation in Latin Popular Party, 115 America, 38–39 sexual tolerance, 115 political extremism/moderation in Peru, Young Socialist party, 115 37, 37–38 Spanish Inquisition, 141–142 voting against financial self-interest, species, defined, 147 34–36 spirituality vs. religiosity, 86–87 Sophism, 303, 304 Spitzer, Eliot, 374, 375 South Africa Splendid Fairywren, social inequality, attitudes toward law enforcement, 200–201 249–250 spouses Democracy Index, 390–391 Icelandic study of relatedness, 172– HIV/AIDS, 153 174, 173 influence of ancestral origin on person- similar physical/personality traits, 167– ality, 30 169, 403 racial hatred measurements, 67 squirrels, kin selection among Belding’s Zulu people, 335–336 ground, 330–332 South America Srebrenica Massacre, 240 anti-ethnocentrism of extreme left, Sri Lanka 79–80 religiosity rates, 89 percentage of deaths caused by war, Tamil “Black Tiger” suicide attackers, 222, 222 346

Our Political Nature.indd 537 6/25/13 3:24 PM 538 INDEX

Stalin, Joseph Omar al-Bashir, 393 alliance with Hitler, 391, 392 tribal ideologies, 98 Lysenkoism, 303 suicidal nepotistic altruism, 346–347, politicides, 228–229 358–359 sexual-equality deception, 387 suicide state failures Islamist suicide attackers, 346–347, 382 genocide amidst, 237 by women, 125, 242 limited rule of law and, 221, 224 Sulloway, Frank, 101–102, 275–279, 295, State Failure Task Force study of geno- 372–373 cide, 230–231 Somaliland, religiosity rates, 89 state of nature, 301–302, 305, 325 superstition, authoritarian personality states’ rights vs. federal powers, 67–68, trait, 46 69 Supreme Court Justices Staub, Ervin, 398 birth order of, 276, 280 stereotypy, authoritarian personality trait, politicization of, 279–280 46 survival of the fittest, 308–309 sterilization See also Darwinism, social; evolu- by Nazis, 238–239 tionary fitness; natural selection in Peru, 257 Sweden Stossel, John, 68 economic inequality, 385 stress infant mortality in eighteenth century, 287 fight-or-flight response, 154–155 religiosity rates, 89 miscarriages during wartime, 225–226 Switzerland, Swiss People’s Party (SVP), 71 religiosity and, 88–90, 91 synaptic pruning, 364 Strict Father model, 272 Syria strong reciprocity (costly punishment), age structure, 405 352–356, 357 Bashar al-Assad, 20–21 subjectivity, disapproval of, 46 immigration from, 76 submission to authority figures authoritarian personality trait, 45 taboos RWA test, 50–55 food taboos, 92, 94–95 See also authority, societal attitudes incest taboos, 74, 140 toward; family authority and tabula rasa (blank-slate) hypothesis, family conflict 300–303 substance abuse Tagore, Rabindranath, 413 alcohol prohibitions, 35 Taiwan, minor marriages, 183 drug cartels, 315–317, 358 Taliban, 82, 113 limbic system and, 365 Tamil suicide attackers, 346 as mental-health issue, 266 T’ang Imperial Court (China), 207 by Rush Limbaugh, 389 Tanzania Subway Samaritan, 395–396, 398 Gombe Stream National Park, 216– Sudan 219, 221 Arab Spring protests, 20 Hadza people, 287, 356, 362

Our Political Nature.indd 538 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 539

Taseer, Salman, 81 Tisha B’Av, 234 taxation tit-for-tat, game theory and behaviors, “Joe the Plumber” and, 425 348–349, 370, 391 liberal vs. conservative attitudes torture toward, 256, 402 attitudes toward, 249 morality of tax evasion, 378 Kauṭilīya on, 410 regulation through costly punishment, toughness, authoritarian personality trait, 353–356 46 Tea Party attitudes toward, 59 Trabelsi, Leila (first lady of Tunisia), 19 Tea Party movement tradition vs. social change, attitudes dangerous-world beliefs, 310 toward, 57 Glenn Beck as spokesman for, 65 transcendental religions, 96–98 “Joe the Plumber” and, 425 tribalism, 59–60 opposition to homosexuality, 117, 118 biology of, 59, 129–130 opposition to Obama, 40, 65, 71 conflicts between religions, 99–100 personality trait clusters reflected by, fear of infectious disease and, 155, 58–59 235–237 racial issues, 68, 71 impact on reproduction, 92–95 Republican support for, 24 inbreeding vs. outbreeding, 59, 137–138 Rush Limbaugh and, 389 religiosity and, 58, 63, 91–105, 235 sexual intolerance, 110 resource-distribution implications, threats against Democrats, 260–261 401–402 teen pregnancy, 312 in traditional religions, 92–95 teeth, inbreeding and, 140–142, 141, in transcendental religions, 96–98 166–167, 167 twin studies of left-right polarization, Temple Mount, 234 27 Ten Commandments, 233–234 women’s rights and, 124, 198–199 territoriality, warfare and, 217, 218, 221 tribalism cluster of personality traits terrorism endogamy vs. exogamy, 63, 73–74 by Al-Qaeda, 225, 382, 407 ethnocentrism component, 58, 63, hyperconnectivity and Islamic mili- 67–74 tants, 407 overview, 58, 58, 63–64, 401 September 11, 2001, 225 religiosity component, 58, 63 by Taliban, 82, 113 sexual tolerance component, 58, 63 waterboarding to prevent, 249 See also ethnocentrism Thailand, abortion beliefs, 102–103 Trivers, Robert Them! (movie), 122 on implications of Hamilton’s Rule, Thornhill, Randy, 155 332–333 Thrasymachus, 303–304 parental investment, 196, 198 three “G”s (God, Gays, and Guns), 35 Parent-offspring conflict, 285–287, 292 Tibetan Buddhism Prisoner’s Dilemma, 347 abortion beliefs, 103 reciprocal altruism, 344–345, 369 opposition to gay sex, 120 See also parental-investment theory

Our Political Nature.indd 539 6/25/13 3:24 PM 540 INDEX

Tsarnaev, Tamerlan, 407 religiosity, 89 To Save America (N. Gingrich), 313 thwarted terrorist attacks in, 249 Tunisia, burning man of, 17–22 United Nations Turkey birth order of secretaries general, 276 Armenian genocide, 231, 232 Convention on the Prevention and extreme-right groups in, 75 Punishment of the Crime of US relations with, 308 Genocide, 228 Turkmenistan, leadership cult, 384 Millennium Development Goals Turpin, Ronald, 245–246, 246, 252 Achievement Fund, 195, 200 Tutsis vs. Hutus support for gay rights, 119 basis of hatred between, 239–240 on war, 214 genocide, 229–230, 236, 398 United States twin studies attitudes toward homosexuality, Alford study, 26–27 117–119 of altruistic acts, 330 attitudes toward premarital sex, 112 Center for Twin and Family Research, attitudes toward torture, 249–250 25, 25–27 economic inequality, 385 of religiosity, 87–88 economic reliance on families, 362–363 Twitter. See Internet HIV/AIDS, 152–153, 162–163 Two Treatises of Government (J. Locke), male murder rate, 224 301 political unawareness, 421–426 segregation by political orientation, 169 Uganda, punishment of homosexuality, support for worldwide family planning, 115–116 109 Ukraine, 390 voting and financial self-interest, Ultimatum Game, 354–355, 357 34–36, 402 Umayyads, 234 war-casualty rate, 224 ummah, 98 unjust-world belief, 268–269 uncertainty, conservative discomfort with, unokais, 223 24 Uralic ethno-linguistic group, 30 unemployment utopian beliefs, 314, 381–382, 388 Arab Spring, role in, 18–20 Uyghur people, 387 Great Depression and, 40 UNESCO, on war, 214 vaccinations, childhood survival and, unions 287–288, 296 pro-union dissidents, 280–281 Valles Garcia, Marisol, 315–317, 358 raised-fist salute, 258 Varanasi (India), 233 United Arab Emirates, sexual intolerance, Variation of Animals and Plants under 108, 113 Domestication, The (C. Darwin), 138 United Kingdom varṇa, 94 infant mortality, 142–143 Vatican. See Catholicism kin-selection experiments, 335–336 Venezuela Patel mating patterns, 171–172 economic inequality, 384

Our Political Nature.indd 540 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 541

sexual attitudes, 108 and personality traits vs. median family Yanomamö people, 221–222, 222, 223 income, 41–42, 42 See also Chavez, Hugo political awareness and, 421–426, 423 Verreaux’s eagles, 288 of religious Republicans, 85 Viagra, 242 and socioeconomic class in Latin Vietnam America, 38–39 draft/peace protesters, 268–269, 307, 348 and socioeconomic class in Peru, 37, economic inequality, 385 37–38 Ho Chi Minh, 383–384 and trust in political leaders, 376 religiosity rates, 89 selecting candidates by facial features, Vigil, Jacob, 310 337–339, 338 violence Shining Path in Peru, antidemocratic to advance utopian ideologies, 381–382 actions, 382 carrot vs. stick approaches, 259–261 Vukovar Hospital Massacre, 240 child abuse, 271 drug cartels and, 315–317, 358 Wade, Nicholas, 87 Hobbes on, 305, 310 Waorani tribe, war casualties, 222, 222–223 images in dreams, 312 war casualty rates primate studies, 33, 202–203, 217–218 of Americans and Europeans, 224 rape, 73, 153, 221, 223, 241–242 of indigenous groups, 222 Seville Statement on Violence, post-World War II, 229 214–215 of Stalin’s politicides, 229 See also genocide; male violence; of the Waorani, 222, 222–223 warfare of the Yanomamö, 221–222, 222, 223 Virgin Birth story, abortion beliefs and, 104 Ward, Bryce, 35–36 virginity warfare conservatives and, 107 in agricultural/pastoral societies, 206 Midianite virgins, 226 bonobo strategies to prevent, 202–203, RWA scores and, 121 226 virginity-faking products and services, among chimpanzees, 202–203 112–113 death and reproduction, 219 Vitter, David, 71 destruction of genetic resources, 226 voles, altruism in, 342 evolutionary analysis of, 214–216 voting habits female biological adaptation to, authoritarian personality and, 49 225–226 Big Five personality traits and, 30, internal or regulatory wars, 226 41–42, 43–44 as male reproductive strategy, 223–226 and financial self-interest in the US, percentage of deaths caused by war, 34–36, 402 222, 222 of LGB population, 119 primatological origins of, 216–219 liberal-conservative self-placement rape as weapon, 241–242 and, 28 Republican attitudes toward, 218 overview, 402–403 risk-taking behavior and, 365–366

Our Political Nature.indd 541 6/25/13 3:24 PM 542 INDEX

statistics, 216 xenophilia universality of, 216 anti-ethnocentrism distinguished from, See also genocide 78–79 warfarin pesticides, resistant mice, 138 of bonobos, 203 Warneken, Felix, 349–350 geographic predictors, 76 warrantless searches, 248–249 of heroic rescuers, 398 wary cooperators, 349 individualism and, 155 waterboarding, 249 of liberals, 76 Watergate scandal, 407 mating dispersal distance and, 181, 277 water quality, 161, 287–288 and reciprocal altruism, 347 Wedgwood, Emma, 144–145 vs. tribalism, 58, 129 Westermarck, Edvard, 183 xenophobia Westermarck effect, 183, 336 of chimps, 203 Western Sahara, Arab Spring protests, 20 competitive vs. cooperative human What’s the Matter with Kansas (T. Frank), nature, 297 35 of conservatives, 67 “Where the Mind Is without Fear” fear of infectious disease and, 155, 157, (R. Tagore), 413 235–237 White Aryan Resistance (WAR), 75, 261, 310 geographic predictors, 76 White Ribbon, a German Children’s Story, kin selection and, 341, 347 The, 269–270 “the man in the hole,” 157–158 WikiLeaks, 260, 407–408 propaganda to encourage, 375 Wilson-Paterson Conservatism Scale, 26 See also anti-Semitism; ethnocentrism; wiretaps, extrajudicial, 248–249 racial discrimination Wolf, Arthur, 179, 183 Xunzi, 304–305 women in workplace, changes in nineteenth and twentieth centuries, 210–212 Yanomamö, war raids, 221–222, 222, 223 women’s rights Yemen to attract males in public, 108, 124 age structure, 405 to choose own spouse, 108 Arab Spring protests, 20 to divorce, 124, 127 religiosity rates, 88 in liberal societies, 127–128 Yosef, Ovadia, 253 to travel without male companion, 126, young people 127 cynicism and, 405 See also gender equality egalitarian worldview, 318 World Values Survey, 28–29, 29, 39 leftist counterculture of 1960s, 268– World War II 269, 280–281, 307, 319 Irena Sendler’s heroism, 397–398 as liberals, 318–319, 322 women’s participation in, 220 See also children See also Nazi party YouTube. See social media Wrangham, Richard, 178, 201, 216–219, 220–221 Zaller, John, 424 wrens, social inequality, 201 Zardari (President of Pakistan), 82

Our Political Nature.indd 542 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 543

zebras, 343 Zulu people, kin-selection experiments, Żegota, Poland, 397–398 335–336 Zero Dark Thirty, 249 Zuma, Jacob, 153 Zionism Zweigenhaft, Richard, 280–281 anti-Zionism, 79 Rastafarians and, 98 See also Israel; Jewish people; Judaism

Our Political Nature.indd 543 6/25/13 3:24 PM