The Evolutionary Origins of What Divides Us
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INDEX Note: Page numbers in italic type refer to photographs, graphs, or illustrations. ABO blood group system, 158, 160–161, !Kung people, 204–205, 287, 362 164 opposition to gay rights, 115–116, 119 abortion See also specific African countries anti-abortion politics, 102–104 African Americans potogo to induce, 205 Civil Rights Movement, 67–68 religion and, 102–103 election of Obama, 40, 65, 68 Roe v. Wade, 73 fusiform face area study, 186–187 sex-selective, 213 HIV/AIDS, 152–153, 162 spontaneous, 164, 165, 190, 225–226 multiple prejudices, 71–73 abstinence, 109, 209 overestimation of blacks in population, Aché people, 205, 351–352, 360–362, 70–71, 75 362, 363 See also racial discrimination acquiescence response bias, 47–48 Age of Enlightenment, 301 acts of God, just-world hypothesis and, aggressiveness 251–252 authoritarian personality trait, 45 Adler, Alfred, 275, 276 in male chimpanzees, 217–218 adoption, by gay couples, 117, 119 RWA test, 50 Adorno, Theodore, 258 sham moralistic aggression, 370 adultery. See extramarital affairs aging advertisements, deceptive, 368, 371 altruism types and, 358–360 affirmative action, 36, 69 Big Five personality traits, 320 Afghanistan brain function changes, 363–365 corruption, 407–408 cynicism and, 317–319, 363–366, 405 deaths from childbirth, 198–199 perception of human nature and, fertility rates, 209 315–323 obstetric fistulas, 127 political orientation changes, 27, 318– stoning for adultery, 113 319, 366 Africa RWA scores and, 320–323, 321 corruption, impact on GDP per capita, Agreeableness, personality trait, 30, 33 380 agricultural/pastoral societies fertility rates, 212 arranged vs. courtship marriages, 207, HIV/AIDS, 153, 162–163 207–208, 208 hunter-gatherer societies, 204–205 gender equality and fertility, 205–209 493 Our Political Nature.indd 493 6/25/13 3:24 PM 494 INDEX Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 391–393 resource-distribution implications, AIDS. See HIV/AIDS 401–402 Al-Aqsa Martyrs’ Brigades, 346–347 suicidal nepotistic altruism, 346–347, al-Aqsa Mosque, 234 358–359 Al Arabiya, 308 See also kin selection; reciprocal al-Assad, Bashar, 20–21 altruism; self-deceptive altruism al-Bashir, Omar, 393 Amazonian tribes alcohol, prohibitions against, 35 hunter-gatherers, 204 Alford, C. Fred, 215, 412 killed by disease, 157–158 Alford, John, 26–27, 167, 169, 349 Machiguenga, 204, 205, 268, 354–355 Algeria, Arab Spring protests, 20 Shuar, 353 Ali G, 259–260 Waorani, 222, 222–223 alleles Yanomamö, 221–222, 222, 223 defined, 135 American Voter, The (P. Converse and recessive deleterious, 136, 148 A. Campbell), 422–423, 423 for sickle-cell disease, 162–163, 239 Amnesty International, 249 Allende, Salvador, 255 amygdalas, political orientation and traits Alliance of Builders, 391 of, 31, 341 Allik, Jüri, 30 ancestor worship, 92 alloparenting, by siblings, 294 ancestral origin, of personality traits, Allport, Gordon, 42 30–31, 402–403 Al-Qaeda, 225, 382, 407 Annan, Kofi, 276 Altaic ethno-linguistic group, 30 “Anonymous” group, 19 Altemeyer, Robert, 49–52 anterior cingulates, political orientation aging and political orientation tests, and traits of, 31, 341 320–322 anti-abortion politics, 102–104 crime and punishment tests, 247–248 See also abortion family disciplinary strategies, 262–263, anti-ethnocentrism, of far left, 78–80, 266–267 386–387 religiosity tests, 84 anti-miscegenation laws Social Learning Theory, 55 in Nazi Germany, 238–239 See also Right-Wing Authoritarianism in the United States, 68, 73 (RWA) scale anti-Semitism altruism anti-ethnocentrism of far left, 79 brain mechanisms for, 31, 341–342 authoritarian personality and, 45–49 changes across lifespan, 358–366 in Communist countries, 386–387 children’s behavior toward relatives, of crusaders, 252 286 German tradition of, 231–232, 235–236 cooperation compared with, 329 of hate groups in the United States, enigmatic, of heroic rescuers, 395–399 74–75, 97 genetic component, 330 Holocaust, 236, 238–239, 381, 396, inbreeding and, 149 397–398 overview, 149, 329–330 in Iran, 98 Our Political Nature.indd 494 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 495 Jews described as vectors of disease, atheism, 96 152, 153 See also secularism Manitoba Prejudice Scale adapted to attitudinal clusters, for RWA test, 50 measure, 67 Audacity of Hope, The (B. Obama), 313–314 multiple prejudices, 71–73 Au people, 355, 357 New Anti-Semitism, 79 Australia On the Jews and Their Lies (M. peacemaking ceremonies, 226 Luther), 231 percentage of deaths caused by war, Polish Council to Save Jews, 397 222, 222 in post-WWII Poland, 47 authoritarian, defined, 45 Warning against the Jews (M. Luther), authoritarian governments 231 alliances across the political spectrum, See also Nazi party 390–394 Anti-Semitism scale, 46, 66 Arab Spring protests, 17–21, 406–407 anxiety, 266, 372, 373–375 attitudes toward private property, 255 Arab Spring protests divorce laws, 127 impact on Middle East, 19–21 expression of political opinions, 28 origin in Tunisia, 17–19 horseshoe theory, 380–394 social media role, 18, 20, 406–407 incest taboos and, 74 Argentina male dominance, 124–127 politicide, 229, 232 overview, 45 United Socialist Party (Argentina), political moderation vs., 39 384–385 power inequalities, 274 arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors, self-deception of leaders of the extreme 341–342 left, 383–388 Aristotle self-deception of leaders of the extreme on changes with aging, 317–318, 323, right, 388–390 360, 365–366 Authoritarian Personality, The, 45–49 on cooperative human nature, 299–300, bicyclist’s personality, 258 303 ethnocentrism, 72, 309 on democracy, 39 family disciplinary strategies, 262–263, Armageddonites, 253 266–267 Armenian genocide, 231, 232 sexual intolerance, 117 Aryan Nations, 310 authoritarian personality Ashkenazim, 52, 69, 95, 188 correlation with ethnocentrism, 66 Asia fear of germs, 154–155 Neanderthal occupation, 131, 132, 145, Nazi party and, 45–49 146 as political litmus test, 49–55 See also South Asia; specific Asian voting habits, 49 countries See also Right-Wing Authoritarianism Asian Americans, demographic (RWA) scale changes, 404 authority, societal attitudes toward, 245–261 assassins, birth order of, 276 birth order and, 276 Our Political Nature.indd 495 6/25/13 3:24 PM 496 INDEX carrot vs. stick approaches, 259–261 Barry, Dave, 122–123 cheating by powerful people, 376–380 Basboosa (Mohamed Bouazizi), 17–21 just-world hypothesis, 257–258 baseball players, birth order of, 276 opposition to capital punishment, Basque people, 158–159 245–247 Bateson, Sir Patrick, 150, 166, 184 rights of suspected dissidents, 248–249, bear populations, impact of global 250–251 warming on, 139 RWA scores, 247–248, 249–250 Beck, Glenn tolerance toward rule breakers, 247– childhood discipline of, 271 248, 250–252, 259 dangerous-world beliefs, 310 See also egalitarian worldview; family degenerating-world perspective, 313 authority and family conflict; hier- derision of women, 123 archical worldview as far-right spokesman, 65 Autrey, Wesley, 395–396, 398 opposition to homosexuality, 117 AVP (arginine vasopressin) receptors, religiosity, 85, 97 341–342 threats against Democrats, 260–261 Axelrod, Robert, 348 bedroom cues, to identify left-wing orien- Azad, Afshan (Padma in Harry Potter tation, 76 books), 99 bees, inbreeding, 137 Aztecs, harems of rulers, 207 Belarus, religiosity, 89 Belgium, women in workplace, 212 baboons, reciprocal altruism, 344 Belief in a Just World (BJW) attitude, Babri Mosque, 233 251–252, 264, 273 Babylonia Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 18–19 flood myth, 293 Bennet, Michael, 118 harems of rulers, 207 Berlusconi, Silvio, 43 Bachmann, Michele, 376–377 better-world ideologies, 381 Bachofen, Johann Jakob, 272–273 Bhatti, Shahbaz, 82 Badcock, Christopher, 371 Bibi, Aasiya, 81–82 Baha’is, worldwide statistics, 96 Bible Bahrain, Arab Spring protests, 20 female adaptation to warfare, 226 Bailenson, Jeremy, 337–339 Garden of Eden, 199 Baker, James, 259–260 homosexuality, 117 balanced polymorphism, 163 sibling rivalry depictions, 274–275 Bangladesh See also Christianity; Judaism Hindu-Muslim conflict, 233 Big Five personality traits obstetric fistulas, 127 birth order and, 277 religiosity rates, 88 changes with aging, 320 sexual harassment, 124–126 in chimpanzees, 33 bankers, Occupy protests, 21–22 fear of infectious disease and, 156 bankruptcy, due to medical bills, 34 overview, 30, 42 Bantu ethno-linguistic group, 30 RWA scores vs., 51, 55 Baron Cohen, Sacha, 259–260 voting habits, 41–42, 43–44 Our Political Nature.indd 496 6/25/13 3:24 PM INDEX 497 bin Laden, Osama, 249, 389–390 Morales government, 76, 255, 393 birth control. See abortion; contraception Movement for Socialism party, 76, 255 birth control pill, 211 bonobos birth defects gender equality, 201–203 inbreeding and, 139 lack of warfare, 218, 226 See also genetic diseases as patrilocal, 220 birth order relation to humans, 201, 203 Big Five personality traits, 277 boobies, blue-footed, 288 discrimination based on, 278 Book of Gomorrah: Homosexuality and first-born, 275, 276, 277–278, 294, Ecclesiastical Reform of the Church, 295–296, 405–406 388–389 later-born, 275, 276–277, 295–296 Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family overview, 275 Dynamics, and Creative Lives political orientation and, 277–282, 294–296 (F. Sulloway), 276, 279 primogeniture, 277–278 Bosnian war, 104, 240, 241, 377 bisexuals Boston Marathon terrorists, 407 bonobos, 203 Bouazizi, Mohamed (Basboosa), 17–21 political orientation, 119 Bouchard, Thomas, 25 See also homosexuals/homosexuality Boyd, Robert, 352–353 BJW (Belief in a Just World) attitude,