, 1
On The Inside Campus Ministry ... page 5
Marathon ends ... page 4 serving the notre dame - st. mary's communit1 Vol. VIII, No. 97 Monday, March 25, 1974
-In Civil Rights series Shriver lectures on leadership by Susan Divita Staff Reporter The Honorable Sargent Shriver was welcomed Friday, March 22, at 3:30 p.m., in the Center for Continuing Education by Notre Dame President, Fr. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., and the Honorable Richard G. Hatcher, Mayor of Gary. Shriver spoke on executive leadership in the third annual Civil Rights lectures. Shriver summed up a few of the points of his previous lecture by saying the offices in the government have access to the finest ad vice in the science, economic and political fields, for example, but practically no advice on moral or ethical considerations of the same issue. He would like to see the ethical side injected into government issues. This notion stems from his main idea that the most basic of civil rights is human rights. Goldberg helps dedicate Shriver startled the audience by saying he was delighted with the energy crisisHestated that this incident brings home the question of "what you do on a small plant when all needs can't be satisfied." Shriver mentioned the food crisis, monetary and trade crisis, Center for Civil Rights population, and pollution and health care as some of the problems by Kris Thorson spiritual warrior" in the civil system," said the former Justice. facing the future generation of Americans and the world. None of The Honorable Arthur J. rights movement. Rather than He continued that a moderate the above problems, Shriver feels, can be solved by one nation. Goldberg addressed the guests of being a "happy warrior" he cited number of blacks ought to be Therefore, the United States cannot adopt a policy of independence, the dedication dinner of the Center Hesburgh to be "a valiant admitted in law schools and c.tber but must become interdependent with the rest of the world. for Civil Rights, Friday night in the warrior" who recognized that higher educational institutions to Shriver then began his Civil Rights discussion. He said he was Kresge Low Library. "equal rights for all are the will of "establish equity, not fill quotas." against forced segregation and spoke of the apartheids existing in The Center was established in God" and that "God's Will must He claimed that the most ef our country today, beginning with justice. 1973 to further public analysis in truly be our own." fective action to be taken is for Shriver stated the majority of people in jail are blacks,,Mexicans the fields of human and civil Concerning the American public "minorities to share with whites in and other minorities. This is not because, as he explained, these rights. It was dedicated by Fr. today, Goldberg said that there is a educational experiences in actual people are inherently criminals, but were denied certain op Theodore Hesburgh, president of "profound cynicism and classrooms." portunities when young and so went into crime. Shriver gave an Notre Dame, who served as a disillusionment about government In citing the Brown decision's example of the discrimination by saying it is very easy to go to jail member of the U.S. Commission on and civil rights" and that significance, Goldberg spoke of for stealing a 150 dollar car, but people in high public office get Civil Rights for 15 years. "government and civil rights are Brown as the "parent" of the away with alot more. The dedication of the center related." · Gideon decison, which provided all followed a tribute to Hesburgh "The fact that the public is with the right of legal consel. In Shriver cited the bureaucratic barrier as the blockade to given by former Commission Staff discouraged about the government Gideon's case, first tried without executive action in government. He claimed orders are handed Directors Berl Bernhard, Howard is understandable," he continued. counsel he was convicted and when down along the line and made by bureaucrats-some of whom were Glickstein and William Taylor with "Watergate has shocked the tried the second time, with never elected to office. The bureaucratic system has to be present Staff Director John public." counsel, he was acquitted. "democratized," Shriver said, and the leadership has to have their Berggs. Glickstein is now the He said that the evidence that Goldberg felt strongly that the eyes open. director of the Notre Dame center. officials at the highest levels were Court is in charge of the problems Harcourt Dodds, of the Ford illegally bugging, perjuring, of civil rights and equal justice What can an individual do in this country?, asked Shriver. Alot, Foundation, responded to playing favoritism, using cover under the law for "all blacks and he answered, citing Watergate as a prime example. The Hesburgh's dedication and Carl up, etc., has eroded public con whites, men and women, children Americans in recent years, have watched a president killed, Holman, president of the National fidence. and adults." violence in politics, a war raged and a president trying to stay in Urban Coalition, paid tribute to Dr. As for impeachment, Goldberg "The nation has to get rid of a office, to "stay out of jail," according to Shriver. "It is easy for us to Martin Luther King. Marian said that the impeachment of a few hundred years of tradition and feel very comfortable, to ignore our problems and relax,'he said. Wright Edelman, director of the president was a prospect con those who genuinely believemust Shriver summed up this apathetic mood by saying, "comfort has Children's Defense Fund, in sidered only once before. He cited persist with courage and for replaced concern." troduced Goldberg. that polls show that the people titude," he said. Goldberg, speaking of his years want Nixon out, but are uneasy Goldberg rhetorically asked By acting on our beliefs, we can encourgage ar~d motivate others, as U.S. Supreme Court Justice, about it. when the last rich man was sent to Shriver feels. He mentioned the most dramatic example as said, "Impartiality is a dream. "Impeachment is the most the electric chair and said that the Watergate, to illustrate how two men did all the work with no one Honesty is a duty." He said he drastic political sanction in our death cells he had seen were oc helping them to uncover the story of the masses. Shriver con followed this policy in reaching constitution, and people fear its cupied by blacks and illiterates. cluded, "One man, blending moral courage with intelligence can court verdicts. potentially disruptive effects," He expressed regret that some change the world. You can make a difference." In 1961, Goldberg came to South Goldberg commented. "Im states are returning to the man Bend as Secretary of Labor finding peachment can't solve all of our datory death penalty. it "desolate, as a result of Watergate woes, but if properly Goldberg appealed to the recession." He described it today and fairly conducted, the result coalition of civil rights adheftnts as "looking fairly prosperous." could stand legitimate and alloy to "restore its prior unity, not Being here for the dedication, cynicism," he continued. compromise." He emphasized Goldberg said thatit was"an honor Goldberg stressed that to seek to that they "must persist in the hope to be at the dedication on the 20th correct injustice is a "moral and that it will abjure prejudice, fear anniversary of the Brown vs. constitutional obligation." Citing and hate." Board of Education decision. himself to be a devout Jew and a Goldberg concluded that "the The significance of the location member of a minority, he Court has done its duty. Let the of the center was "great" due to reminded the guests that · nation do theirs. Let both the Court Hesburgh's presence, according to minorities are victims of and the nation do theirs to fulfill Goldberg. He called Hesburgh an educational opportunity. the still unrealized dream that all "outstanding leader" and a "great "No one is proposing a quota men are created equal."
A new addition
Shriver: Government now gets no advice on moral or ethical issues. (Photo by Zenon Bidzinski.) • • • see page 1 l :·/the ·6bserver • Monday/March 2'5; '974 Stresses civil rights warld Goldberg speaks at CCE
by William Murphy Secretary of Labor, Goldberg Goldberg closed by commenting stated that he was against the Staff Reporter on the recent wave of pornography briefs phasing out of the Office of decisions on the State level in Economic Opportunity. Goldberg America. "The Bill of Rights", Former Supreme Court Justice felt that the OEO was a great part said Goldberg, "cannot be watered Arthur Goldberg said the present of the assault on poverty and even down and interpreted differently in Supreme Court has weakened though many of its programs were different areas of the country. The SINGAPORE UPI- Five young Europeans streaked through a failures, he believed that such an interpretation of the Bill of Rights food center in this island nation Friday while hawkers splashed greatly, in the press ,eonference on Friday at the CCE. organization was necessary to as it applies to pornography must chili on them, a Chinese language newspaper reP?rted Sunday. eliminate the situation. be uniform for the entire country." The newspaper, Min Pao, said the five men, wearmg only shoes, Goldberg, who came to Notre dashed through the food center while startled women covered Dame for the dedication of the their eyes. Center for Civil Rights, said that "Bisek Perspectives In Transition" the Supreme Court is no longer as strong a moral force as it was An Experience in African Jazz NOTTINGHAM, England UPI- Mrs. Shirley Turner, 36, has during the days when he and Earl GARY BARTZ- NTU TROOP lost 70 pounds since doctors clamped her haws together to Warren served as justices. prevent her eating solid food, she said Sunday. Mrs. Turner, Saturday, March 30, 1974-8:30 p.m. mother of two teen-aged daughters, weighted 247 pounds when Commenting especially on the she began her all-liquid diet. She said her doctors report her in civil rights area, Goldberg stated perfect health. that the full promise of the Brown decision has not yet been reached in America. According to Gold BEIRUT UPI-Aden authorities permitted a Canadian plane berg. many devices have been and its four-man crew to leave southern Yemen Sunday after used to frustrate the Brown foqr days' detention on charges ~f violating the c?untr~'s air decision and many strategems space, the Iraqi News Agency .sa~d. The two-engmed airc~aft have been used to sta.ll civil rights was on a geological survey miSSion along the coast of neigh cases. boring Oman when Yemeni air force jets ordered it to land at "The lower courts", said Aden. Goldberg, "are finally trying to enforce civil rights legislation TEL AVIV UPI- An Israeli scientist denied a British report strictly. The tragedy here is that Sunday that his process of enriching .uranium through laser rays the Supreme Court is supposed to was aimed at producing cheaper nuclear weapons. Menahem be the moral conscience of the Levin a researcher at the University of Tel Aviv, told the nation but the present court is newspaper that the Davar the technique "is not meant to divided and weakened where civil manufacture atomic armaments; just to create inexpensive fuel rights are concerned." for nuclear reactors." Goldberg did say that the court had acted with integrity as far as MOSCOW UPI- Elections to the 767-member Supreme Soviet, Watergate was concerned. "But", the country's bicameral parliament and highest legislative pointed out Goldberg, "judges body, will be held June 16, according to a decree published cannot run the country. In a time Sunday by the body's prasidium. Elections are held every four when our Executive branch of years. government is so weak we must look for proper political leader ship." Speaking about Congress, Goldberg felt that legislative an campus taday procedures must be modernized. He felt that the seniority system must be tempered and suggested that sessions of Congress be televised because, as he put it," sunlight is a strong disinfectant." 7:00 and 9:00 pm, foreign film series, "ballad of a soldier," Goldberg spoke out against the sponsored by college of arts and letters, eng. aud. American Bar Association's plan to reorganize our present court 7:30 pm, slide lecture, st. mary's tucson program, stapleton system." I am utterly opposed to lounge such a reorganization", said Goldberg. "The Constitution of the 8 pm, lecture, "right to life", by keefe montgomery and therese United States says there is to be buen, lyons hall chapel one Supreme Court and any citizen has the right to knock at that "DO YOU LIVE LIFE .... OR door." Speaking as the former DOES LIFE LIVE YOU?" Volunteers for Red Cross blood Try A Few Quarters In Chicago
drive needed They' II Be Well Spent Students interested in helping organize and carry out this semester's Red Cross blood drive are asked to attent a meeting tonight at 7:30p.m. in room 1-C of THE LaFortune. Campus organizers will present a description and UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO explanation of the drive, scheduled for April 3, 4, and 5 of next week. Student· At· Large Program Anyone willing to help recruit donors, organize publicity, or work at the drive as escorts, recep Students rrom other colle~es and universl!fe• who me.•t the tionists or typists should attend admission n:aquirem~nl~ of thP. linivf'rHity'~ underg;raduote College and whu have the approval of their "honw" college IDENTITY AND GROWTH· tonight's meeting to sign up. Those may re~isfer 3!:-\ Students·at-Lan~e fur on~ quarter, two unable to attend the meeting can quarters, O'" ~'l entire acadPmic year. call Robin Heisler at 4862 or Deece They may enroll in any course for which they are academi AND THE N.D. STUDENT cally qualiried, ~>llucrgraduate or graduate. Eckstein at 8760 for further in With the approval or the stud~nrs own colle,;c,- credits a talk and discussion, with MORTON formation. earned at the University may be transferred and Di>J>Iied to the studenrs degree pro,;ram. Students ar!! eligible to live in the College Residence Hulls, popular teacher and counselor. enjoy all !lw privil<•,;cs of a Uni\·ersity of Chicago degree student, :~nd at the •a me time eXI>Iore the cultural resources TUESDAY MARCH 26 8PM The Observer is publiShed dally oC one of America's greatest cities. during the college semester except vacations by the stuaents of the Galvin Life Science Aud. University of Notre Dame and St. For complete l.nformatlon and application form, write to: Mary's College. Subscriptions may be purchased for II per Student-At-Large Admission Officer (a continuation of the discussion semester (S14 per year) from The College of The University of Chicago Observer Box Q, Notre Dame, initiated by the campus ministry team Indiana 46556. Second class 1116 East 59th Street postage paid, Notre Dame, Ind. Chicago, Illinois 60637 c;JPP~c;J,r,ing in the Obser~~.r) 46556. ' 'I •. , 0 0 ,• ,',' .,.th$\ \ ·ob.server...... ' 3 Susan Darin w I t- RESERVATIONS New Dome editor named ND 284-4176 Bus. Hrs. 283-7054 Show Nites because I am a girl, the book will By Pattie ooney have some sort of feminine Student - Faculty St. Mary's Editor outlook, and in some ways I will SMC ND+SMC Staff Susan M. Darin, a sophomore have to work extra hard to combat from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, this image and concentrate on $ po has been appointed editor-in-ehief making it a good book," Darin THEATRE for the 1975 edition of the DOME. said. SEASON 1973-74 · Darin will be replacing Rod Braye, Presently, Darin is in the a senior from Matawan, New process of selecting an editorial Jersey. board. There are seven editorial THE HOMECOMING "I want to follow what Rod did in positions available. Editors are making the DOME a review of selected on the basis of their Harold Pinter's disturbing, bizarre comedy the year. The '72 and '73 yearbooks qualifications and experience. Mar. 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 at 8:30pm were very artistic, but not always These positions are important Washington Hall (Notre Dame) appreciated by the students. I because it is the editors who hope to make the '75 book artistic determine what goes in the book in a way that could be appreciated and each editor is in charge of a by everyone," Darin explained. specific section of the yearbook. Darin served as business For example, Daric was the editor manager of the DOME this year of the faculty administration and is its first woman editor-in section. chief. "I can see that I have to The rest of the staff will be work hard to erase the idea that selected in the fall.
Bookstore B-ball contest 1 registration starts today by Bob Quakenbush Golden Hatchet award will be Staff Reporter presented, and prize for the This is it! We'll soon find out the "Cleverest Printable Nickname" best hoosier basketball team on awarded. l1 campus, because registration for Registration runs from today, the Bookstore Basketball Tour March 25, through Tuesday, April nament, An Tostal 's premier 2. To enter, call Vince Meconi, 144 sports event, begins today. Morrissey, at 3476. When calling, The biggest change from last be ready to provide a team year is the institution of an "equal nickname and the names, ad opportunity rule" which permits dresses, and phone numbers of the boy, girl, and mixed teams, as well team's captain and assistant as graduate and law student captain. I teams, to enter. Meconi is still looking for Again this year, the five-man referees, scorekeepers, and teams are limited to one varsity or general assistants, so volunteers former varsity player per roster. are asked to contact him at the Games will be to 21 (one basket same number. one point). The title game will be played At the end of the tournment, Mr. behind the bookstore on Frivolous Bookstore will be named, the Friday, April 19. SMC juniors arrange Augusta Hall experiment . late sprmg. by Pattie Cooney Alternate living quarters for St. Mary's Editor those wishing to live in Augusta, The forty SMC juniors who will will be fourth floor library wing be living in Augusta Hall, held a and east main of Le Mans Hall. short meeting in Stapleton Lounge, The experiment could be continued on Saturday, March 23. there since those sections can be During the meeting living separated by closing the double arrangements were discussed. doors that are between east and There is a one per cent possibility west main. The students will know that the forty girls may not be definitely by July 1, whether they living in Augusta. The only reason are living in Augusta or Le Mans. they may be living elsewhere is if Other students who wished to enrollment drops. At the present live on fourth library and east time the college has accepted more main of Le Mans, may still pick a students than there are !>eds for room up there as their first choice, and the number of students coming but in the meantime must pick a in the fall will not be definite until room elsewhere. Our Officer Selection Officers are looking for a few good college men NOW KtNIINu maybe 3 out of 100-who will make good Marine officers. If you're one of one and two bedroom them, we'll give you a chance to prove it during summer training at Quan c tico, Virginia. A furnished apartments Our program is Platoon Leaders Class, PLC. With ground, air and law Featuring: options. You might even qualify for up to $2,700 to help you through college. But if money is all you're looking for, don't waste your time. M t SWIMMING POOL The challenge is leadership. If you want it, work for it. If you've got it, p + COMMUNITY BUit.DING show us. It's one hell of a challenge. But we're looking for one hell of a man. + 2 BATHS IN THE 2 BEDROOM u APARTMENTS CP 2.74 + AIR CONDITIONING ·------·. es .. I .ann IP Please send me information on 1 s + DISHWASHER .'heBox 38901 Marine Corps Platoon Leaders I Los Angeles, California 90038 Class. (Please Print) + RANGE I + REFRIGERATOR I Name Age I v + GARBAGE DISPOSAL I Address I + TENNIS COURT J I City State Zip _____ + LOCATION: 3 BLOCKS FROM E CAMPUS! I School Class of I "APARTMENTS WITH I Phone Social Security # I w THE STUDENT IN MIND " If you are a senior, check here for information on Officer Candidates Class o. call 232-5853 for rental information or visit crestwood management company 3012 east edison road, south bend· ·------· 4 the obse,rver Monday, March 25, 1974 :____ ..:...:..:...=...... ;:;..::;....::. . ..:;_ :...;.....;.~...... :...... -:""r"----'--:-r--:---:---.-. ,• ,' ~ ·:• •;." ... '·' .. ; ·;- Dance Marathon ends after poor response
four hours. Meals were donated by and Burger Chef. Douglas summed up her ex- people-that was the most im Barnaby's, McDonald's, Rocco's, One contestant, St. Mary's perience in the marathon. "I had portant part of the marathon," she Kentucky Fried Chicken, Perkins' Academy freshman Portia .~o much fun meeting all the said. The forty-eight hour Muscular Dystrophy Dance Marathon ended Sunday afternoon with four of the six couples still competing for the three-hundred dollar first prize. The winners of the marathon, to be announced Wednesday af ternoon, will be selected on the basis of which couple earned the largest amount of money in pledges for the charity. "We're still hoping to make close to a thousand dollars to give to the American Muscular Dystrophy Association," Student Government Adminstrative Aide Jim Roe said. While the total amount of money NO marathon takes its toll on dancer. earned by the marathon has not yet been determined, Roe added CPhoto by Zenon Bidzinski) that he expects this year's donation to be considerably less 118lack Perspectives In Transition" than last year's. "Every couple worked real hard A Black Theatre Presentation - Voices, Inc. and they were really impressive. I "A JOURNEY INTO BLACKNESS" just wish they'd been shown more support from students than they were given," he stated. Sunday, March 31, 1974 "I thought we were better 7:30 p.m. organized than we were last year O'Laughlin Auditorium and we tried to ,get the South Bend St. Mary's College community involved. this time," Adults - $3.00 Roe observed. "We did receive an Students (J.D.) - $2.00 excelllent response from St. Children - $1.00 Mary's Academy of South Bend," Roe added. Supplementing the dance marathon were additional con tests, including a checkers contest, a halter top contest, a muscle shirt contest, and a name-that-tune contest. Special activities co-ordinator EXPERIENCE Dan Schipp said he was also disappointed by the sparse student turnout but that "we all had a very good time." Schipp also explained that the contestants were allowed a four THE hour break every twenty-four hours and a half-hour break every BONNIE BELL LOOK!
Tommorrow At The Notre Dame Bookstore:
There Wi II Be A Demonstration
Of Bonne Bell Cosmetics
There Will Be A Drawing They could have danced all night
••• and did. TWICE. For A Free Gift (Photo by Zenon Bidzinski)
Looking for a place to get From Bonne Bell. away on Lake Michigan. l For rent Lodge and cabins during April and"or May. Only 30 min. from cam pus: Gintaras resort 15860 :Lake Shore Rd. Union Pier Mich. Te. 616-469- 3298 or 312-737-4515 ------~---~------...,
t'\ ...... ,. .~·.•1,_1; 0 ,,·,·,~ ·'.: 1\ '•'\ ',,.. ~·· : ' . Monday,· Matth 25, 1974 ..... -. . the observer' '
Campus Ministry speaks of new program
Editor's note: find they really can't use those degrees. I'm reminded Following is the first of a three-part series of articles McTaggart: What is it, I wonder that causes students in the prime of life to think about snuffing out their of Wordsworth's image of a child being born trailing sponsored by the Observer, in co--operation with clouds of glory, but as he grows older shades of the Campus Ministry, relating to a program of activities lives? Part of it, I think, is a realization that there are forces outside themselves that cause them to move prison house close in upon him and he loses his sense of planned for the next three weeks by the Campus identity. Ministry staff. This particular article is an edited their lives in ways they really don't want. For version of a taped conversation in which members of example, the students who says- "for me to be im portant and worthy I have to get into medical the Campus Ministry staff discussed the growth and McTaggart: John Dunne says the question we usually identity problems of Notre Dame students. Taking school." Or the student who says- "for me to im portant and worthy I have to date one of the few girls ask is "How are you living your life?" and he reverses part were: Frs. William Toohey, Robert Griffin, the question and asks "How is life living you?" Thomas McNally, Thomas Stella; Br. Joseph who are present on campus." I think that a person can McToggart; and Sr. Jang Ritz. deal with disappointments when he stops using those things "out there" to measure his worth and begins Griffin: Somehow I feel that if you don't live life, life listening to something inside himself that says he's an lives you. And life is going to be like a mugger that okay person. drags you off into a dark corner and knocks the hell out of you.
Pitz: It's a very thin line between letting people and McTaggart: We have some very talented students_on things overcome you and choosing to do something campus but around mid-term s~~e of t~em face a ki~d because you feel right about it inside. I find that it's a McNally: On the other hand, life can be a happy ex of defeat in the highly competitive society here. This difficult feat for anyone to distinguish between what is perience and I think it is form most of us around here. and a number of other things cause them very laiJ on you from the outside and what come form the When Italkto students who are about to graduate I find realistically and very profoundly to ask "Where in hell inside. that most of them are happy they came. At least that's am I headed and whose values have I been following?" the feelin~ I pick up. And so it seems that good things have happened during the four years whether ·these McTaggart: I was looking into something by Henri have come about through their own interaction with Toohey: I'm wondering if some of the confusion other students or form their exposure to the whole Nouwen and it has to do with forces outside me and the Notre Dame scene. I feel good about this. doesn't come about because the students don't clearly need for me to listen to something inside me. Nouwen answer the right question. The right question, I think, is talking about whether loneliness leads to anxiety or is "After t graduate from Notre Dame what am I going to solitude. And what he seems to be saying is that our Toohey: Students come here in need of having an to be?" This question speaks about the kind of person relationships with one another at a place like this you hope to become in four years; it talks about human experience of furthering their growth and I think the should help us move from loneliness to a kind of most creative force for that is love, and the opposite growth about acquiring skills and techniques and solitude where we become the directors of our lives. abilities to do certain things so you can enter the job force is what Camus 'calls the Plague, or "unlove." market and begin to acquire success. But you may not Rollo May says that self-knowledge does not come have changed or grown as a person. through self-scrutiny but ax a gift from others. Unless Pitz: That makes sense to me. I've known people who others give us that gift of their love it doesn't seem to have a lot going for them; they're bright, happy at me that I can care much for myself. In the same way, McNally: What worries me a bit is that it sounds as if times, and have friends. But when they think to look many students find it hard to like themselves because we are talking down to students. After all, we must inside themselves they don't find enough meaning they have had some bad experiences with friends. If answer the same questions for ourselves - "What are there. Then all those externals, which may look like nobody else values them, it's hard for them to believe we going to be?" We don't have all the answers and real positive forces to others, mean nothing to those that God loves them and that they should ti·ully value never will. Father Hesburgh talks about the need for persons. themselves. the moral education of students. This is true, we should be doing a much better job of doing this. But I think also it involves our own moral education because Griffin: I've been sitting here thinking. We talk McNally: Last night I was talking to a freshman who, about worth and value. If we could help the students to sometimes our values get fouled up and we display the when he first arrived, seemed to be a very happy, same kind of immorality, if you will, that we hint at in help one another, so much would be solved and other outgoing person. But now, just a few months later, he things would fall into place around us. I suppose we the lives of our students. seems kind of unhappy I get the impression that he is need to find it in human love and in terms of out own suspicious of me as a rector and that things are going family and then in terms of God's fa~ily. on in his life that may not be good. Perhaps he's into Griffin: I think we go through times of crisis several the drug scene, I don't know. My conversation with times in our life - a particular time of crisis as we that freshman has something to say about the whole Toohey : I think that's true. A lot of students are not become an adolescent, a crisis that comes along later question we're talking about. A kind of loneliness ready to have anybody suggest the "God answer" until in life when one finds himself middld-age, and so forth. that I picked up, a sense of alienation. Some things they're led to some experience of being cared for, of But I wonder why so many of wour students seem to that go on in this kind of growth experience here can be finding compassion and mercy and understanding, of toy with the thought of suicide. Why is it that some really difficult. I guess we're aware of this but finding people who listen to them. It seems to me that young persons who seem so gifted and have so much sometimes I at least feel unable to help the students only after they have the experience of love can they be before them suddently find life so empty that they cope with the problem. led to discover love's full name, that God is love. And consider opting out of it? somehow if the've had thesee experiences God can't be totally excluded from them. Stella : Bringing up the idea of suicide is really significant to this whole identity question, I think. Griffin: Perhaps today it's harder to be what you want Identity is struggling with what it means to be; suicide to be. You see students who work their heads off to get is opting not to be. I see a lot of pople for whom the into med school and find that med school is closed to .. Dr. Morton Kelsey wUispeak at 8:00p.m. Tuesday, whole question of identity is tied into the meaning of them. They start to qualify for law school and they find March 26, in the auditorium of Galvin Life Science. life When the latter is missing, then identity seems to that law school is closed to them. Everything is do Sponsored by Campus Ministry, his talk will carry on be a problem. overcrowded today and people who work to get degrees the discussion on identity and growth printed here.
Cui tural Arts NOW RENTING cancels Whitman c one and two bedroom The Cultural Arts Commission Dance and Drama Series was furnished apartments forced to cancel the performance I A of "The Three Ages of Walt Featuring: Whitman" last night.. A heavy fog To better in Boston prevented the per M +SWIMMING POOL former, John Fields, from flying to South Bend. The Cultural Arts p + COMMUNITY BUILDING Commission apologized for any + 2 BATHS IN THE 2 BEDROOM inconvenience to its patrons. The next performance in the American u APARTMENTS Character series is "Mark Twain + AIR CONDITIONING at Home" in Washington Hall, next s Sunday, March 24. . Mishawaka, + DISHWASHER 00 N center ,n uth Bend . + RANGE The Thomas A. ... from 1: n in. downtoym ~ &. Ke\\er + REFRIGERATOR Dooley Foundation to 228 w. Jef~e~~or of the wr't~~:a\ district. v + GARBAGE DISPOSAL · is Working .•.• On the gr~u~he heart of the !~tfice Manal',er sui\ding, 10 Registered Represefi~AJ"U\.IN'\1 \NC· I + TENNIS COURT in Cambodia, in Laos, james ()ettltnl',. cv.~•r'"' 11 flJ'I)S & + LOCATION: 3 BLOCKS in Nepal, in the hearts ~~-~annrr.:s-~ E FROM of millions. K. J. .BoNDS· C()NIIV'VV' ~~th Bend CAMPUS! W. Jefferson234-S094 "APARTMENTS WITH for information ST~28 w Telephone . . THE STUDENT IN MIND H on how you can help: Write P.O. Box 1195 call 232-5853 for rental 1ntormation or visit crestwood south Bend, Ind. management c.ompanv 301:2 east edison road, south bend· THE OBSERVER A"' INDEPENDENT STUDENT NEWSPAPER EDITORIALS: 283-8661 NEWS: 283-1715 BUSINESS: 283-7471 Tom Drape Editor-in-Chief AnnMcCarry Marlene Zloza Editorial Editor Managing Editor fr. bill taahey "Dylan's Back!" exclaimed the cover of Newsweek magazine. LeeGentine Terry Keeney John Kloos Business Manager News Editor Some people undoubtedly said that they didn't even know Dylan had Advertising Manager been away. Never mind. One didn't have to be as excited about it as Newsweek magazine to still admit that the return of Bob Dylan was not without interest. His enormously successful revival may provide Monday, March 25, 1974 an interesting datum about the American adolescent mind. Dylan's six-week tour of 21 cities grossed $5 million. He played in front of 658,000 people, most of them young. One trade paper calculated that 7.5 percent of the population of the U.S. had requested tickets to see Dylan and his bluesy bayou backup group, the Band. Keep Pushing! It's reinstate~ to speculate what Dylan's return might mean. One thing for sure: there seems little doubt that Dylan baa been solidly reinstted as the reigning song-poet laureate of young America. The endorsement of the LaFortune renovation continues. When Dylan first rode the wave of his incredible popularity in the Renovation by the Executive Committee Another major "unknown" to the 60's, the "baby-boomers" had the schools, the attention of the media, has now given the renovation plans their Trustees and University officers is a considerable slice of the nation's income and a very distinct music. first big push toward becoming reality. whether or not the students would Those were exciting, iconoclastic times; but poverty programs, free respond to any renovations through more universities amd Camelot gave way to Cambodia, urban terrorism Next step? Keep pushing. and Kent State. The toll of death and deterioration set in: Martin Meeting over the spring break, the use of the building. Luther King, the Kennedys, My Lai, Watergate. The clenched fist Trustees rejected Ellerbe Architect's Certainly it is not possible to gauge replaced the V sign as idealists turned cynical. Bob Dylan and his 800,000 bid due to the lack of a donor. accurately or guarantee any such notion. followers withdrew into a more personal and private world. After a However. in its place they voted to The fact, though that students have en near-fatal motorcycle accident in 1966, Dylan moved back to his home propose at their general meeting in May dured setbacks in pushing renovation for in Woodstock, N.Y. It seemed that apathy tool over the old activist nearly three years should serve as spirit of Dylan and Joan Baez. It seemed .to have evaporated. The that $250,000 be allocated by the stage was taken over by a rear guard of glitter-rockers, typical of University to begin the renovation. They somewhat of an indication of their whom is Alice Cooper, who aptly describes himself and his per have taken the first step. It is now the motives. formances, euphemistically, as "sort of a spit in the face." student's turri. For the present, make it known how But now that Dylan is back, some commentators seem to feel that We should not be discouraged by the you feel about LaFortune either to an the old spirit is emerging anew. As David DeVoss writes: "At each cut in funds. Should the Trustees decide administrator or through a letter to the concert the hush of anticipation, the buzz of uncertainty and the ap to accept the proposal, then at least a Observer. If you care, let it be heard. plause of recognition are extensions of young people again listening to his words and looking for their meaning. Arms linked together, beginning will have been made. After swaying in unison, chanting in time to the psychic current, a that point a watchful eye will be needed Tom Drape generation's anthem -learned in adolescence, sung in protest but not by the students ·to insure that the finally understood until periods of adult crisis - is being sung once more: How does it feel. How does it feel To be on your own With no direction home Point-Counterpoint Like a complete unknown Like a rolling stone? Opposite our editorial page today, the Issues involving this university must One cannot help but wonder whether or not the trend will shift back also involve any and all of its members. to the spirit we saw in those 60's. In those days, many young people Observer would like to introduce a new seemed to understand what a radical change our society really addition-Point-Counterpoint. The Point-Counterpoint is dedicated to those needed. Dr. George Wald, the Nobel laureate, wrote about many of purpose of the page is to draw the Notre at Notre Dame who will have the those young adults as follows: "The young see that American society Dame community more clearly together willingness and courage to honestly has to be changed if they are to have a future. And the kind of change in ideas and opinions concerning confront the issues. they want is the kind the world yields painfully to - if in fact it can even campus, national, and world happenings. The genuineness of this page can only understand." Point-Counterpoint is wide open. It's be achieved through your response. Unfortunately, many of the best heads in our country were busted, the most creative minds embittered and turned off; the confidenceand conception centers around the Op-Ed Notre Dame faces a time in which the respect of thousands was destroyed by a Law and Order society that page idea which refers to an Opinion complexity of community existence brought us Watergate, a swollen defense economy, an almost Editorial or Opposite-Editorial page. As demands ventilation. We all must share autonomous military establishment, continuing tragic unem does an Op-Ed page, Point-Counterpoint this mutual challenge and recognize it. ployment, a growing white-black polarization and rotting cities. will combine an opportunity for both a The Observer, by instituting Point But maybe - just maybe - many young people today are willing to subject forum and subject perspective. Counterpoint, offers the space. To our confront once again what are perhaps the most disturbing lines in the Notre Dame community we offer its gospel - when Jesus says: "The world cannot possible hate you. It Under your own signature, we offer any hates me, though, because I bring evidence against it, testimony that student, faculty, or staff member at content. what the world does is evil."It is a very chilling thought the God might Notre Dame a time and place to put forth have to look us in the eye and say: "The world couldn't possibly hate their opinion on selected topics for The Editorial Board you. How could it? You don't stand for anything; so how can the recognition by the rest of the university. world, or anybody in it, possibly find anything disturbing in one so bland, so wishy-washy!" the observer The gospel of Jesus, should anyone decide to follow it, insists on a d . ~~\'\~}'\? strong element of dissent in our lives: "The world hates me because I ~ ~::, HOM~ .INWff bring evidence against it testimony that what the world does is evil." ro ti/()R.K VP 1J AN AP1¥.4L Editor-in-Chief: Tom Drape Following that gospel may not make many friends; it's much more a RJ/{ G® ~~CANS ro Editorial Editor: Ann McCarry liable to make some enemies. After all, this country has 11 history of 11 STANO liP FOR tiiiATS KI6HT Managing Editor: Marlene Zlosa tolerating people who are trying to live committed lives only as long as « t L The Judicial Code Necessary Revisions by Dave Grimmer Judicial Coordinator for Student Government Generally, students do not Also, the definition of an "abuse of discretion,"IIEIIII! understand the judicial system and how It works, which is one of the two criteria on which the Appeals they do not know how to prepare a case, and they do Board may overturn a previous decision, must be not know what the Judicial Board might have a clarified, for there has often been too narrow an 0 b • tendency to look more seriously at in a particular interpretation of it. If the Appeals Board believes J. ect I 0 n s case. In general, they lack the background and that the previous deicison was too harsh after experience that is needed to best insure fair having considered the circumstances, then this treatment of their case. I propose that whenever should constitute an abuse of discretion. The b the Dean of Students wishes to see a student with definition of this term must be expanded. y Deidre LaPorte respect to an accused violation of rules, and any Another change that should be made related to Assistant Professor in the General Program. possible admlnstratlve action, that the student the administration's right to appeal to the President 1 find two things in the Judicial Code highly objectionable. The first receive, along with the request to make an ap of the University. It would be grossly unfair to the is the right granted to the Dean of Students not only to suspend pointment, a written copy of the complaint made student to allow the adminstration to appeal to the students charged with an infraction of the university's rules, against him, and a form letter to the extent that adminstration. The adminstration has not had to regulations or good order in certain emergency cituations, but to Student Overnment strongly racommends that the use this option so far, but that is primarily due to the expel them from the university. It 1~ not at all clear that summary student contact the Judicial Coordinator's office for advantage they have on the Appeals Board. explusion is a necessary prerogative. In this connection 1 would advice on how to proceed, and that all information The present student manual gives the Dean of like to see included in the list of "Student Rights in Disciplinary In discussed with him will remain confidential, for the Students the right to interfere with the handling of Disciplinary Proceedings" a postive assurance such as: "pending student need not even identify himself when con Hall regulations whenever he sees fit. This should action on any charges the status of a student shall not be altered, tacting the Judicial Coordinator. This letter and a not be permitted unless a majority vote of the Hall nor shall his or her right to be present on campus and attend classes copy of the compalnt are essential, for I have seen Staff approves or requests it. This rule In a sense be suspended except for reasons relating either to his or her well- too many students hurt because of the lack of gives the Dean of Students complete power, which I being, physical oremotlonal:>ther members of the university's or it's knowledge and preparation. do not think appropriate in the kind of Christian property." The second revision pertains to the composition of community we want to strive for. Along with the The second objectionable Inclusion In the code, In my opinion, Is the Appeals Board. The Appeals Board Is now previous rule, there Is another rule which states the limitation of an accused student's rights of access to the names composed of one admlnstrator, one faculty mem that any directive from the office of the Dean Of of prospective witnesses and of confrontation with them openly at ber, and one student. Invariably, the odds are Students has the force of a University regulation. the hearing. The sixth amendment ofthe Bill of Rights bears no stacked in the Adminstratlon's favor, for never in This rule also gives the Dean of Students unlimited such reservation. What are the "extraordinary circumstances" the past three years has this board over turned a power to create any rule that he desires, thus provided for In ther(ilesof the University Judicial Board? How can decision of the Dean of Students or the Judicial having the power to suppress legislation of the such a qualification be justified? Board. In better than 75 per cent of the cases, the S.L.C. and to interpret any rule established by the Beyond this, 1 have some questions. Why shouldthe traffice and vote has been 2 to 1. I think it is evident that this S. L.C. In any manner that he may see appropriate. Parking Board be under the Dean Of Students? Surely the traffic board is either insensitive to the needs of the In An example of this unlimited area of interpretation situation and regulations affect the whole community. Does the dividual, or afraid to overturn the adminstratlon's on the part of Student Affairs, pertains to the Dillon student have access to ali his or her records? Who may be decision. The rationale that is often expressed is as Hall case, a violation of the rule on sexual union. authorized (and by whom) to view these judicial records? Is a follows: The members of this board feel that, There should be a revision of Student Rights that student's permission specifically required before these records are though the decision of the previous body is harsh, it would allow a student the right to any non- shown to non-university persononnel? Why Is a student's choice of is not so harsh in the sense that it is unjust, and professional counsel. Presently, the manual states counsel at a board hearing limited to undergraduates? Why Isn't therefore we can not rule that there has been an that he or she may have only undergraduate there a statement Included In the code which specifies that the abuse of discretion. This distinction is a fine one, representation, but I believe that any member of burden of prPGJ In a disciplinary matter rests upon the officials one that has continually worked to the disadvantage this community should be able to serve, provided bringing the charge? Why Isn't It specified that a student detected of the student. The composition of the Board must that person Is not a lawyer, so that we may retain or arrested in the course of violating university rules, regulations be changed so that students have equal represen the informality of the hearing. or good order must be Informed of his or her rights? The tation. Finally, I think that the Dean of Students should notification of charges called for should be In writing, should it not? be enpowered and given the responsibility for The university must recognize that young people eighteen ~ears handling violations of rules committed by non- old and older have been enfranchised and are gradually winning student members of this community. I see the the rights and responsibilities of adulthood and full citizenship. necessity for this primarily because of an Incident With this In mind, It seems obvious that Notre Dame studnets must of last semester In which a member of the staff, be held responsible for self-regulation under the guidance of the while driving his car, hit three people who were faculty walking on campus In the middle of the afternoon to who they turn for Instruction In the academic disciplines. Why and he never even stopped. From what I have seen, shouldn't the students in each hall or subsections thereof be per- nothing has been done to Investigate or punish this mltted to set visitation hours and other such parietal regulations as person. are necessary to guarantee that the dormltorltles function as fully In concluding, I urge the members of this com- as possible as living and learning facilities? It Is urgent that more munity, and especially the S.L.C., to make these money and effort be allotted to Improve the conditions In the hans. revisions so that students receive more fair When money Is wanted for special projects at Notre Dame It can treatment in the enforcement of the rules. I also ususally be found. strongly recommends that Student Affairs The administration, far from assuming a dominant role In the I decentralize judicial proceedings, because hall life regulation of student affairs, should seek only to facilitate the In- is where things are happening. Student Affairs- stltutlonal procedures by which self-regulation Is accomplished. I ... Stop focusing on the enforcement of rules, because believe, for example, that the administration has disproportionate -- ·'" violations are only results of Inefficiencies of life at representation on various "tripartite" university bodies, Including Notre Dame, not causes. Break up the hierarchy of the panel from which themembers of the University Judicial Board Student Affairs and get Involved In student affairs, Is appointed and the Appeals Board. The authority of the Dean of ! bring students and hall staff Into the picture, Students over lakes (and Its ducks?) and cars as well as students 1 because they have a lot to offer. Notre Dame is a another example of over-extension. great university, let's try to remain great by Im- proving it. j A Look At the System by John Macheca Dean of Students The University of Notre Dame is com indipensable ingredient in such situations with problems involving discipline. For Another change flowing from the mitted from its highest levels to value is a caring concern for both the individual the first time In history, the Assistant developmental model Involved the need oriented education based on the Catholic student and the University community. Dean of Students is working full-time at formany more significant alternatives to tradition. That commitment is reflected In That caring concern is more integral to that job. He even gave up his the traditional penalties of disciplinary what the members of this communtlty say Notre Dame than the values themselves. rectorship to do so. We are currently In probation and suspension. Much time and and write, but mosi importantly what they These are some of the factors why terviewing candidates for an additional effort is required to develop and maintain do. Our rules and regulations, especially disciplinary boards have had limited ef Assistant Dean of Students. It Is very the motivation of others to working with " as stated this year, are intended to fectiveness. They lacked an ultimate likely that the postltlon will be filled by a developing" students as part of a document Notre Dame's behavioral ex commitment to these responsibilities, woman, but not as an Assistant Dean of disciplinary decision. There aremany pectations based on that tradition. which is understandable because the In Students for Women. people who are not In the least bit in It is primarily the responsibility of the dividual who comprise them have other The need for an expanded staff stems terested in the prospect of having a student Student Affairs Staff- R.A.'s, Asst. commitments and priorities. from the implementation of the work for them because he has to. Also in Rectors, Rectors and theDean of Students The historical evolution of the "developmental" approach to discipline this regard, much time and effort Is Office to aware of what students do and to disciplinary system has mostly centered as integral to value-oriented education. required in following through with a respond appropriately when rules or on the rules and the correspondent For instance, cases have required up to as student after a decison is made, regulations are violated. penalties. However, In recent years, the many as twenty hours of my personal sometimes up to and beyond graduation. The emphasis must again be p_laced on people involved have changed with the attention before a final decision was made. This is still another area where a board what an individual does, not. says, in instigation of disciplinary boards at the Included would be a series of 111eetlngs cannot be expected to be as effective as a determining what he or she believes and hall, university and appeals levels. This with the student, his rector, his R.A. his single "hearing officer" As a matter of what his or her values really are. As a year, what to most was a subtle change In fellow students, his academic mentors and fact follow-up responsibility In board result , value confrontations most often the system, actually has had great even people who will be involved In decisions falls to the Dean of Students occur when actions on the part of the significance. That was the addition of a carrying out the decision. Office. We have given a very high priority student indicate a lack of commitment ot "hearing officer" to be named by the In essence, every effort is made to to that on-going concern, especially In the values represented by the rules and Dean of Students, to hear cases in his determine a students level of personal serious cases. regualtions. Such confrontations are stead. So far, this responsibility has been development and then make an ap A high priority will also be to Improve never easy, often painful as well as time delagated only to the Assistant Dean of propriate decision, taking that Into ac communication and .understanding bet consuming and require convictions on the -sfi.Jdents, but 1 it has provided each student count as well as the Interests of the ween our office and the students with th part of the confronter. However, the one with more personal time and attention University community. hope that trust will be possible. ~~------~ ~- - -~------ \ ,.. ''· .. 8. the observe'r' . : .·: -Monday, March 25, 1.974 wonderland of big sky is no mirage by maria gallagher Imagine a sprawling playground 7400 feet Killy was a consultant at Big Sky and skiied above sea level offering 40 ski runs, golf, here while the runs were being mapped out. swimming, fishing, tennis, horseback riding The U.S. Olympic Cross Country Team - enough to boggle the mindsoft jock and trains there. And, for beginners, there are specatator alike. smoother runs and a certified ski school. A mirage? Hardly. "Big Sky" --western Twelve runs have been completed, but 28 Montana's newest resort complex -- is more are planned, totaling more than 40 presently $27 million of recreational won miles. derland, and still growing. Until two years Prices are fairly reasonable compared to ago, it was only a gleam in the eye of the late competitors. A day's rental of an equipment Chet Huntley. but has since made a small package (skis, boots, poles) costs $7.50, and dent in the mountainside. Only30 percent of an adult full-day lift ticket costs $7.50. A Big Sky's 10,600 acres will be developed, but two-hour group lesson costs $6.00. Hostel there's still a lot more to be done. accomodations for four per night are $16.00; If you plan to visit Big Sky before next condominiums feature pools and saunas and winter, be prepared to do some art_ful are somewhat more expensive. Officials dodging --of cranes and construction %.. •.. ·. 't· workers. Although skiing opened to the ~ . "++ ...•. · ,... ,.,,,.,,,, •.•/:'.}~· public December 15, most of the complex is • .•. ,.,.~ still under construction. The official "grand opening" is slated for March22. You can expect these prices to go up when skiing students and divorcees frequent the bars. still make it there for Easter break, though resumes next Thanksgiving. Most of the resort's staff are in their 20's and skiing won't end until April21. The Mall and Nl And For The Non-skiier 30's and have that disgustingly healthy look other already-completed facilities will be straight out of Holiday. open year round. So far that amounts to two l Even if you flunked "snowplow" (a basic restaurants, three bars, a grocery, post skiing position}, Big Sky can still ac Nightlife-None too Lively office, shops, housing, and non-seasonal L comodate you. The 18-hole golf course, sports. Skiier's Paradise scheduled to open July 1, was mapped by If you really want to get into the native ! Arnold Palmer and Francis Duane. Four scene, there a·re two cowboy bars--Buck's Big Sky's biggest attraction, of course, is I (soon eight) tennis courts, horseback riding, Bar and the Corral--a few miles from the skiing. Lone Mountain (11,166 feet) and and mountain stream fishing are available. mountain (30 miles from residence areal. Andesite Mountain feature downhill, open Each condominium group has its own That's pretty far to go for mediocre drinks, bowl and cross country trails. There are private pool, but a public pool will be open but you can take the Yellow Mule for only so presently three chairlifts (three more are by 1975. long. Besides, Buck's is a western version planned l. · and a four-passenger gondola No age seems to have a monopoly on Big of Nickie's, complete with game machines system. The existing lifts can carry 5200 Sky. Grandpas zip down expert runs with and hot toddies. The Corral is much the people per hour, so there's little or no babes in arms; five-year-olds brave easier same, but it closes at 9 p.m. So if it's action waiting. ones with instructors in tow. College you're after, better pack your own. The facilities are superb. Jean-Claude Lillie Bir:~· Screen quickies and pilots fill week's schedule :art ferranti A veritable plethora of made-for-TV bitten by a rabbies infected skunk (!) and conclusion with Weaver's choice of women series pilots due to the nostalgia craze and movies abound in this week's schedule of lashes himself to his barn while his wife with whom to run off. It, too, is broadcast the upcoming release of The Great Gatsby network programing, not a few being (Joanna Pettet) goes for help. This leaves Wednesday but at seven-thirty on ABC. which premiers in New York this Friday, in possible pilots for future series. him chained with his son (Lee Montgomery) At eight-thirty following the Garner movie L.A. on April3, and which will be released to However, the biggest film of the week, as and the drama rests on his gradually going Wednesday on NBC, Academy award major U.S. cities after that. The CBS film you probably know, is Cleopatra, shown in mad trying to get his son to free him. The winner Cliff Robertson and Diane Manhunter took place in the thirties and an two sections with part one having been catch here is that he is still somewhat sane Baker star in a 1974 remake of a 1945 film set upcoming TV film is based on the life of FBI televised last night and part two following and he has to get free because a flood is in 1912 New York City entitled A Tree Grows agent Melvin Purvis starring Dale suit this evening. The film has an coming LOW-COST AFFINITY-GROUP FLIGHT TO TO MAKE IT WORK! ENGLAND ON REGU.LARL Y SCHEDULED B.O.A.C. 7 47 Applications Now Being Accepted NEW YORK-LONDON-NEW YORK For These Areas Of Interest: MID-JUNE DEPARTURE MID-AUGUST RETURN ~ h ~ Social Administrative ~ AVAILABLE TO ALL NOTRE DAME STUDENTS FACULTY AND STAFF ~ ::::ic Special Projects ~ (AND THEIR IMMEDIATE FAMILIES) ; Pub I icity i CONTACT THE TRAVEL BUREAU IN - l\l\ Cultural Arts Campus Press · ~i~! BADIN HALL (Tel. 7080) ! Apply at Student U!!ion Office 3rd Floor La FortunJ NOT LATER THAN APRIL 1 L2!:.£~~2:?.~!.~~!'f.i_I __ \IY.~~nesday at 5 P.M. ~ f •• • ~. t. I _, ·~ ., . _, ,'.. '. \, '. ~ ~. •: ~ .. •. •• ~ ~ ;: :, :•'•:···~·:N•'•'•':'N•~··=~····=~·=::·=··:··=:·'•'•';'•:• :···=~=·=-=:=·~·~:0::=-=·=:~=-=~=:=~=~=~~::~=:~;:;::::=:=::::::::~~;:;:;:~~~:~::~:~~~~;:;:;:;~::~~~:.~:=i-i-i-;=~~~~::~:::1:;:;:~::~:::~:~:=:===:=;=:=:::;:; Sunday drivers reappear with more gas By United Press International stations to shut down on summer," Simon said. in a Strong bookings were report still described as light. Many Americans who had Sunday. television interview. ed by Washington area hotels In the southern New York · been staying home on weekends William E. Simon, the na In the Middle Atlantic states, and motels for next weekend's area, about one third of 160 because of the gasoline short tion's energy chief, had some where the gasoline shortage ·annual Cherry Blossom Fes stations surveyed by the AAA 1 age hit the road to seaside good news and a word of almost .created an emergency tival. were open. i resorts, parks and historic caution -for motorists Sunday. in February, a United Press There were dramatic in One of Virginia's major attractions Sunday, five days He predicted that gasoline International survey showed creases in tourists in Ocean tourist attractions, Colonial after President Nixon dropped supplies should increase suffi that despite Nixon's lifting of City, Md., Williamsburg, Va. Williamsburg, reported that it the voluntary ban on Sunday ciently for a "normal summer" the .ban few service stations and some state parks in was recovering from a winter gasoline sales. of travel but drivers should opened Sunday. Maryland, Virginia and North nose-dive in business attributed President Nixon suggested plan their trips, observe 55 mile Despite the few number of Carolina. to the gasoline shortage. A last week that the lifting of the per hour speed limits and shut stations open Sunday, there Officials of the American spokeswoman said there had Arab oil embargo and in off their car air conditioners. were increases at tourist Automobile Association said been "quite an increase" in creased supplies of gasoline no "Using our heads, we are attractions and indications that many stations lacked personnel visitors this weekend. longer made it necessary for going to able to have a normal the weekend trip was returning. to operate, some didn't have enough gasoline and many Guy Taylor, district ranger at operators liked taking the day the Great Smoky Mountain An Tostal event off. Park office in Cherokee, N. C. Sixteen per cent of the said business picked up Sunday. · service stattions in the Los "There are lots more hikers ~Angeles· area were open, on the trails and sightseers Volleyball tourney renewed compared to only a fraction on from other states. "It surprised recent Sundays, but traffic was me to see so many out." by Bob Quakenbush weekend itself, tournament play more than six players will be allowed on court at a time. Each Staff Reporter will be moved outdoors to the An SPRING FLING ARMORY PARTY Tostal field. The quarter and semi match will consist of three games Will the Conqueror Worms have finals are expected to be played on to 15 points; two out of three wins. SATURDAY APRIL 61th the courage to squirm from the Frivolous Friday, and the finals Teams may be registered by mud of defeat to take another shot are scheduled the afternoon of dialing 1487 beginning today and Tickets In Dining Hall Monday April 1sf at An Tostal's Volleyball-in-the Sunny Saturday. continuing through April 2, unless ,Mud championship? The world "This year," reports Mike the 64 team ceiling is reached first. will soon know, since registration "Hush" Brauweiler, "we hope to Please restrict your calls to the for the festival's Volleyball-in-the dig the 30 by 60 foot volleyball pit hours between 8 p.m. and 1 a.m. Mud Tournament begins today. about seven inches deep so we can Ask for "Hush," and be prepared Last year the Worms were really turn it into an oozing to provide a team name and canned in the early going, despite quagmire of mud." members' names and phone · the fact they were pre-tourney Brauweiler explained that last numbers. favorites. "After all," reads last year "we hardly scraped the sod Brauweiler emphasized that one year's Observer scouting report, off the surface of the field," the representative from each team Budweiser "mud is their environment." result being a slick but not ex must also go to his room (805 The single-elimination tour tremely sloppy volleyball court. Flanner) to pick up rules sheets for ) ~ X ~· nament starts April 4. All matches Boys, girls, and mixed teams are the tournaments. For that reason, held prior to An Tostal weekend eligible to enter. Although sub registration in person is both will be played indoors. During the stitutions are permissable, no allowed and recommended. Fire at Nickie 's draws -streaker by Pete Kernan blaze, which caused ap Patrick Sweeney noted that once proximately $350 damage, · was the flames were spotted, Staff Reporter started when an accumulation of "everyone left in an orderly grease in the hamburger grill was fashion, except two unidentified A Friday night crowd of over 200 ignited by flames from the gas pool sharks who refused to leave students escaped injury when a broiler, according to South Bend until their grudge match was fire broke out at Nickle's Tavern, Fire Inspector Lt. Louis Kovatch. resolved." approximately 1:15 a.m. The Nickle's James Six fire department units :t'tt:•:•••: m~w.m responded to the alarm and quickly extinguished the flames. Check your local Spectators watching the firemen in action from the safety of the A&P radio listings parking lot across the street were for time treated to a display of athletic prowess by an unidentified and station. resident of the nearby Notre Dame iapartments who sprinted past the Tune in, crowd clad only in his shoes and socks. drink Bud®, The damage to the building was have fun! repaired Saturday morning and Nickle's was open for business as usual Saturday night. Owner Nick ANHEUSER·BUSCH, INC. • ST. LOUIS Bilello was unavailable for com ment. women now have (Photo by Zenon Bidzinskl) PRE· CANA A special program for NotreDame students (and their partners) who are preparing for marriage. SATURDAY, APRIL 20, AT 7:30 P.M. April 21, 28, May 5 TICKETS: $5.50 AND $3.50, ON SALE AT ':.·.·. ··SIG.N U·P.. IN CA.MPU$ MI.NJSTRY OFFICE ... THE ~C.C. AND THE S.U. TICKET OFFICE. sale Wedn-.sda;r Ma'r'cf1'"27 ------~------,, 1 Jhe observer:::::=::::::==:::=:::::::_ · 11 Nixon may attend CLASSIFIED ADS Henry at Moscow talks NOTICES FOR SALE --- convinced that much of impor relationship also bave been Pioneer 626 receiver In ex GRADUATION SPECIAL: by BARRY JAMES tance depends on the relation evident in Moscow, as in cellent condition. Call Jim May 17-24. Nassau , Bahamas 1487. $200. Includes : Departure NO MOSCOW (UPI) - Secretary ship between the United States Washington. The oftlclal Soviet to airport- flight (open bar) and of State Henry Kissinger and the Soviet Union." press has sniped at Killinger's Brand new piping hot hotel. Call 288-6182. arrived Sunday night to pre Kissinger was expected to Mideast diplomacy and Soviet Texasburger, served on a giant pare the way for President 5" bun. Accessories include, $65 to 95 per week part time . hold three days talks' with officials have expressed con tomato, lettuce, and sprcial Unlimited earinng potential in Nixon's projected visit and said Leonid I. Brezhnev, Communist cern about efforts by some zesty sauce. Inquire at Mr. addressing envelopes at home. he hoped to make concrete Party general secretary, and members of Congress to block Q~; ick on State Route 23. only Companies pay top money for progress on nuclear arms, 69 cents. that "personal" touch. For Foreign Minister Andrei A. trade credits to the Soviet further information regarding trade and other issues in talks Gromyko. Union unless this country Just in from Santa Fe, Hand opportunities with these with Soviet leaders. He told newsmen the stale allows free emigration. made Indian Jewlry . A wide companies, send $2 to Phoenix Kissinger flew into Vnukovo mate in the Soviet-American U.S. officials said they selection of bracelets, rings, Advertising. P.O. Box 11707, eaarrings, necklaces, etc. all Atlanta Ga. 30305. airport from Bonn, where he nuclear arms talks at Geneva, expected the strategic arms reasonably priced and of the met West German Chancellor the controversy in the United limitation (SALT) talks to be highest quality. Drop in 10 Experienced typist will do Willy Brandt during the after States about trade with the perhaps the most important L yens or ca II 7833. term papers, manuscripts, etc. noon and discussed recent U.S. Call 233-5332. Soviet Union and Nixon's issue in the discussions here. In Factory wired all solid state differences with its European expected visit here in June all Washington last week Kissinger dynaco stereo preamplifier. CJF April 4-6. Need stage allies. would be on the agenda. speculated whether a new (pat -4) and amplifier (120) crew. Free admission for those "I expect we will make U.S. officials said Kissinger used 1112 years. Replacement who work. Call CAC office 3797 agreement covering offensive at $400 plus. Dickert at $225 to sign up. concrete progress on a number also will discuss Middle East missiles could be reached by phone 7046. of outstanding issues, and that diplomacy with Brezhnev and the end of the year, the target MUST RENT IM we will agree that all of us will try to overcome recent date set earlier by Nixon. Dodge 67 2 door hardtop yellow MEDIATELY!! 2 BR house , have an obligation to promote wi~h black vynil top. automatic River Park. April occupancy. strains in Soviet-American rela U.S. officials said they transr,ission, power steering 288-6146. them in every part of the tions. believed the Russians would be AM radio with rear speakers, bucket seats. Excellent con world," 'Kissinger told newsmen "We and the Soviet leaders anxious to hear about Kissin WANTED in Moscow as he walked from dition. $895. 233-7111 or 272- will will work constructively ger's talks last week with Sen. 2461 after 5. his plane to a waiting black and seriously to reach the goals Henry M. Jackson, D.-Wash., Want to sublet apt. for sum. Soviet limousine. Kosss haedphones and ex mer. Portage or Turtle Creek. we all share," Kissinger said. who has led the Congressional Call 3816. I "We in the adminstration are Signs of strain in U.S.-Soviet fight on Soviet-American trade. tension $25. Call 1480. Washington reports said Jack PERSONALS 2 housemates for 74. 3 blocks son might favor granting from campus. Call 4559. Madam Fifi, credits and most-favored-nation Hew's business? Open now. Parttime job, 20 Hearst program nears end trade status to the Soviet Union Greetings fom Rome . Please hrs. 5 afternoons a week. $209 if it makes further concessions write. per hour. Call 6549 or 6650. million worth of food had been By RICHARD A. LITFIN on Jewish emigration. Dear Sakaley, LOST AND FOUND distributed to 120,000 persons. Kissinger lunched near Bonn SAN FRANCISCO (UPil - The Hearst kidnaping was the We are all thinking of you and The $2 million Randolph Hearst Sunday with Brandt and West hoping for your speedy Lost blue denim jacket near first political abduction in U.S. German Foreign Minister Wal recovery! Circle Tuesday. Call Dan 8288. food ransom program neared history. The SLA, a tiny Love,The Drama Dept. its next, and possibly last, ter Scheel. Afterward he sought Lost brown and gold scarf terrorist organization which to play down recent differences Monday night between Sacred distribution Sunday, nearly only came to public light a Heart and SMC. Call 4495. seven weeks after the kidnap between the United States and couple of months before Pa Eruope. ing of Patricia Hearst. tricia was kidnaped, called her Hearst has said he hoped that ''The Atlantic rei a tionshi p ... ·.·::·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:·~·:·:·:::·:·:·:·:>.:~:::=:~::::':::::&:::::::::::::::e&::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;::::~ father a "corporate enemy of ha,s always been and will .. ···· the next distribution could be the people" in its first held Monday, but officials of communication shortly after the program said they would . the kidnaping. Hearst is presi ~:~~~~efg;o;~l~~~~~~~eo~atd~eri-But he acknowledged the f The PI ayh o use \..=~.~=~· probably not be ready. The dent and editor of the San program's head, A. Ludlow Francisco Examiner and the righd~ 'dof European cou~t!riets N. H"lll \~.~~. Kramer, said he hoped for the "in lVI ua 11y or as a um o 52 5 .... son of William Randolph take a different view from the d h S ···· distribution the "first part of Hearst, founder of the Hearst the week." United states. Live Entertainment We • t ru at. :::: publishing empire. Kissinger said the West :::: The program as originally set Since the kidnaping, in a p.m. up came to an abrupt halt two Germans have developed ideas series of letters and tape for strengthening Atlantic con- DRINKS ARE 2 for Jl :::: weeks ago after the Symbionese recordings, the SLA has made Liberation Army kidnapers several demands of Hearst, the sharply criticized it, saying it most prominent being the food was only "crumbs" for the giveaway. A sort of negotiation people and some of the food in full public view has evolved, distributed was "hog feed" and with Hearst responding through "unfit for human consump i published and broadcast state- ~~ji:r.~:~1r.~;~Z:i~j ,;_ ·~~~J~t:;~~~::.. I tion." At that time about $1 --- RARE EARTH BONNE BELL and special guest Rory Gallagher WANTS YOU! I I Bonne Bell Cosmetics will be conducting interviews on campus to find a Campus Rep for their products. There will be no selling involved Sunday March 31 7:30pm :::: you just promote their products. :::: Athletic and NOTRE DAME Convocation Center Interviews will be Monday, March 25th. ~ ~N Ticket Prices: Tickets on sale: ~ Bleachers ...... - ... S3.50 NOTRE DAME,A. C. C. Mon-Sat 9 to 5 .;~; 9 A.M. • 4:30 P.M. Room 222 1 Lower Arena ...... S4.50 Robertson's South Bend & Concord Mall Main Floor ...... S5.50 :st. Joseph Bank • and branches Loge ...... , ••• $5.50 First Bank • Main office only J~ Administration Building (Placement Bureau) j~~ · Platform ...... $5.50 !Elkhart Ttuth I . •$:~:::··:~·:::~:·:~·,..;·:·::=:-.;::-«;::.~·=··:::::~:~:s·~:~~~":;W.~l':~~:::!;!."!.~ 1 it __ • ••• . . - •- '·· •• • N.•...... • 'f~'~·l''1-'!"!!""""!!'-~~..,..,~~--!""'!"'",...'l""!"'~~-~~~~------f t ( ',1 •. (, t,·;. • " ·, 1 • ', - • •, 1 '.r; '\.' •'·.•'' ' '. Y·.<~.-.'"",• r • Y .... ;.,',,.:_~.· .-.~_.,:.',','._ ••~ ~ ~--- 12 the observer Monday, March 25, 1974 Netters successful in California In doubles action,ChrisKane and by John Vincent Brandon Walsh have teamed up The Notre Dame tennis team the number-()ne spot and have returned home this past Sunday captured five matches out of 11. after a very productive spring trip Freshman Randy Stehlik and in California. The Irish netters junior John Carrico are the finished the eight-day trip with a 6- number two combination with an 4 record the finest competition the impressive 8-3 record, while Slager West Coast had to offer. · and Ron Inchauste have been "We were pleased with our victorious in eight of matches of 11 performances," said head coach in the third position. Tom Fallon, who is .beginning his The Irish begin regular season 17th year at the top post. "We were action on April 2 when they meet afraid that we would be over the University of Illinois at Notre powered since those schools had so Dame.· much more time to prepare than The results: we did, but we only lost the ones Notre Dame 2, U. of California at that we expected to lose." at Irvine 7 Although the order of play is still Notre Dame 5, San Diego State 4 undecided, sophomore Rick Slager Notre Dame 9, Dominguez Hills 0 has been playing the number-()ne Notre Dame 3, Cal-State Long slot so far. The pre-med Beach 6 sophomore fromColumbus, Ohiois Notre Dame 5, University of 5-6 for the year, but as Coach Redlands4 Fallon said, "Rick has the potential Notre Dame 1,UCLA 8 Coach Tom Fallon discusses strategy with his Irish tennis team. The Notre Dame netters fared to beat anybody on a given day." Notre Dame 2, USC 7 Slager whose serves look like well in sunny tallfornla, winning six of 10 matches, and will entertain Illinois April2 to begin the new Notre Dame 8, Claremont 1 season. bullets, played evenly with Notre Dame 9, Cal-State Los nationally-ranked Tom Kreiss of Angeles 0 l UCLAuntil dropping a tie-breaker Notre Dame 7, Cal-State Nor l - in the Third set. thridge 2 The best singles record belongs FCA to meet Tuesday in Grace to sophomore Juan Inchauste, who is 9-2. Inchauste, a native of Notre Dame's Fellowship of The FCA is a nationwide Dallas Cowboys, Chicago Cub LaPaz, Bolivia, was a finalist in Soccer practice Christian Athletes, in its organization, counting both shortstop Don Kessinger, the New England singles cham Soccer practice for the Spring organizational phase, will hold a amateur and professional athletes basketballer Mel Counts and pionship last summer and with the season will begin tomorrow af meeting tomorrow night at 8 p.m. and coaches as members. Some of soccer-star Kyle Rote, Jr., recent ternoon at 3:45 p.m. on the field in the Grace Tower penthouse. the professional athletes who are winner of the Superstar Com Irish has played in the number six petition in Florida. spot so far. behind Stepan Center. The Irish chapter, which was members of the FCA are Notre initiated on February 20 by several Dame's Mike McCoy, now a tackle Anyone interested in more FCA John Fineran::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: athletes and coaches Bill Hickey, information can contact Jim Early for the Green Bay Packers, Roger at 1383 - 130 Cavanaugh Hall or Frank McLaughlin and Tim Staubach and Tom Landry, McNeill, will hear a Huddle - Professor Ken Milani at 1562 - 247 Fellowship orientation cassette quarterback and coach of the Hayes-Healy Center. Blarney Stone(d) tape and take nominations for officers. The FCA is a non- ::;::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: G i p per s home denominational organization which has enjoyed much success in Editor's note: John Fineran was in Houghton, Mich. covering Notre Dame in the first round of the WCHA playoffs. While visitint- the aiding athletes and coaches who hometown of George Gipp, he found the climate cold, but the people and desire to Jive richer and fuller OBSERVER the hospitality warm. Christian lives. The group HOUGHTON, Mich.-"Welcome to the Copper Country ... you are now promotes Christian fellowship breathing the purest, most vitalizing air on the Earth." among athletes and coaches with SPORTS The Copper Country Vacationist League could have picked a better the hope that this will be shared slogan to advertise this rugged area just a few miles from the shores of Lake Superior. with the larger community. Here, not long ago, there existed the richest and best-known copper ranges in the United States if not the world. Unfortunately, the copper lay deep in the Earth's crust, and perhaps just as unfortunately, the depression drove many of the miners to other states. ND stickrnen 1-2 in Colorado Today, only about 45,000 inhabitants reside in the two-county area. The Academy fielded a team comprised mostly of Years ago, there were more, and fortunately to a university down south, by George Eckes upperclassmen, and by the second quarter, they had one of these Copper Country folk came. He remains today the area's The Notre. Dame Lacrosse Club returned from made their presence felt. Scoring honors for the Irish greatest athlete, even though his remains lie now underneath five feet of their Spring trip in Colorado with a 1-2 record and went to Steve Tarnow and Rich Caron, both who snow here. some much desired experience that, according to scored two goals, and Fedele Volpe and Jack They still speak in awe of the great George Gipp. They talk about his Coach Rich O'Leary is still in great need Corcoran, each who had single tallies. Corcoran also skills with various sticks, more often the one which he used to bank home . ' . · . added an assist. billiard balls. The other one he used to hit the longest homeruns anyone , . Expe~len~e was certamly on~ of the fac~rs m the The Denver-Notre Dame match was a complete ever saw. It was the latter stick which brought him to Notre Dame, but it . sbckmen s first encounter With the A_1r Force turnabout;. the margin of victory for the Irish was one was his athletic skills in football which gave him a tragic name in Academy • as the Falcons trounced the lr1sh, 20-5. goal. Leading 9-5 going into the last stanza, the club American history and folklore~ held off Denver's onslaught of four scores as Tarnow In the middle of Laurium, on the corner of Lake Linden Avenue, they Final icer statistics pocketed the deciding goal late in the game. The erected a memorial to him. For after all, now that the mining has 36 G~s Record: 14-20-2- WCHA 11-16-l game was a particularly rough one as 'n penalties ceased, George Gipp is Laurium's only claim to fame. were assessed. The average number for a lacrosse Oms 0 A Pta P-M It seemed so horrible, so harsh his memorial had to be buried by the No. Plam game usually runs from 10-14. John Corcoran led all ravages of the cruel winters here. The guide said it's a beautiful sight in lS llutnbacco, Llof )6 22 27 49 6-15 scorers with three tallies, while both Joe Meares and the spring and the summer. The water of the fountain cascades in front of 12 DeLorenzi, RW 35 21 <'S 46 9-18 Bob Thibodeau scored twice. S Williams, RW 29 18 27 45 27-62 the stone monument, and a few feet away, flowers bloom. Why, you 2 Nyrop, D )J 9 29 )8 18-44 The stickmen again took it on the chin against wonder, couldn't spring be eternal in just this one case? 2S S.Curry, D 36 9 28 37 23-46 Colorado College, losing 15-5, but played surprisingly The people, however, Gipp's friends and neighbors, have reconciled 19 Israelson, LW 36 21 14 35 8-16 well, holding the lacrosse powerhouse to anevenscore 8 Walsh, C · 29 17 17 34 16-40 themselves to their unholy fate-200 inches of snow every year com 9 Conroy, C 36 9 2S 34 8-16 at halftime. However, numerous fundamental errors mencing in October and ending (?) by May . All this white stuff-more 20 Pirus, RW 28 B 16 24 11-22 a~d fatigue in the second half did the Irish in. Tar than could fill a South Bend manhole-has had a distinct effect on Copper 4 Schafer, nw 36 6 17 23 10-20 now, a junior from Seneca Falls, N.Y., and Volpe Country residents, and a meaningful one it is indeed. 21 Hamilton, LW 33 9 12 21 13-26 (Huntington Station, N.Y.) were able to sneak two 10 Clarke, D 34 l 10 ll 10-20 Somehow the' word hospitality just can't perfectly describe these 7 Brownschidle, D 36 2 7 9 12-24 goals each past the CC goalie, and Caron added the modern-day Nanooks. They're better than that. Everywhere, there was 3 Bourque, D 26 1 6 7 8-16 other . someone, a smile on his face, ready to lend you a helping hand. John 22 Tardani, LW 36 1 3 4 7-14 There were a few bright spots on the trip, one Davis, a Michigan Tech grad, even treated members of the enemy media 6 Larson, D 29 0 4 4 10-20 being the play of freshman Jay Williams. Ball 26 011 ve, C 5 2 l .3 l-2 to lunch at his place of business, The Library. He was just one of those l3 Byers, RW 19 2 1 3 3-6 control is extremely important in lacrosse, and persons who got pleasure making havoc of your expense account. 18 Karsnia, C 3 1 0 l 0-0 Williams, who battles for faceoffs, won 16 of 21 It's funny, but South Benders looks at the rotund Davis, modishly at 14 Novitzki, LW 36 0 l l S-10 against Air Force and seven of 12 versus Denver. 17 Augustine, LW l? 0 l l 1-2 tired, would provoke stares. You would never guess that besides his l Kronholm, G 36 0 l l 0-0 Throughout the trip, the opponents shuffled fresh founding of International Frisbee Competition, he is also one of 28 L. Curry, D 3 0 0 0 0-0 faceoff men against Williams, but none of them Houghton's .leading citizens. The Houghton citizenry just accepts him 26 Baesy, D l 0 0 0 0-0 seemed to fluster the young man. for what he is, something we all could be better at doing. 23 Howe, RW l 0 0 0 0-0 The play of Joe Lepley was· also impressive. You have to admire persons who are like this. There's always that 29 Smith, G l 0 0 0 0-0 Exhibiting mid-season form, the Irish netminder helping band-a hardware storeowner willing to open his shop at mid NOTRE T~ TOTALS ~ 159 272 431 nf=GZ9 stopped 21 shots against Air Force, 23 against Denver night if his neighbor was in need of supplies. Someone was always willing OPPONENTS TOTALS )6 lSI! 239 393 212-440 and 20 versus Colorado College. Goalies usually are to take you out to the school or to the airport at an unbelievable hour. No, POWER PLAY GOALS --liD )8 of 147 (2S.~) expected to stop anywhere from 10-15 shots a contest. hospitality isn't quite the word, but togetherness is. OPP 37 of 149 (24.BJ) O'Leary wasn't totally upset with the trip. "In my You think back to school, to Notre Dame and its togetherness. You like WORTIIANDED GOALS -- 1m 5, OPP S four years here," the Irish coach said, "we have GOALIES Oms fRecord~ Ql Av:l SVS POT sa· to think that it will stay this way and foster itself like it did after New ltroilhOlDI 36*14-20: ) 1501 4. .881 1 never done well in the beginning of the season. But Orleans. You like to think that back on New Year's Eve, Notre Dame n no that is still no excuse. Salitb .16 Hl-0-o~ 1 t.oo ~ .8~~ o really not only won another one for Laurium's first son, but also one for lfotre billll )6li ( -26- ) 154 .22 nr .8 1 "Added experience will be the key factor as I am itself. After all, the people of the Copper Country have been winning Opponents )~(20-14-2) 159 4.)6 1181 .881 0 pleased with the team's versatility and talent." he countless struggles for George Gipp, and they always will. I lhes not includlo 3 open-aet 10&].8 concluded.