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Florence Le Bars-Tosi Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense Università degli Studi di Napoli «Federico II» Ecole doctorale 395 «Milieux, Cultures et Dipartimento di Discipline Storiche E. Lepore, Sociétés du Passé et du Présent» Scienze archeologiche e Storico artistiche hèse pour obtenir les grades de Docteur de l’Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense (Histoire et Archéologie des Mondes Anciens) Dottoressa di ricerca in Scienze archeologiche e Storico artistiche Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Florence Le Bars-Tosi Le 25 octobre 2014 Les Français et l’archéologie au Royaume de Naples pendant le Decennio francese (1806-1815) : l’exemple des découvertes de céramique antique. I Francesi e l’archeologia nel Regno di Napoli durante il Decennio francese (1806-1815): l’esempio delle scoperte di ceramica antica. Vol. I Texte Sous la direction conjointe de Agnès Rouveret Carlo Gasparri Professeur à l’Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre Professeur à l’Université «Federico II» de Naples La Défense devant un jury composé de Martine Denoyelle (Conservateur en chef du patrimoine, conseiller scientiique à l’INHA) Carlo Gasparri (Professeur à l’Université «Federico II» de Naples) Angela Pontrandolfo (Professeur à l’Université de Salerne) Agnès Rouveret (Professeur à l’Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense) REMERCIEMENTS CetteΝthèseΝdoitΝsonΝexistenceΝàΝlaΝconfianceΝetΝàΝl’intérêtΝqueΝMadameΝMartineΝDenoyelleΝaΝbienΝ voulu placer en moi, en accompagnant mes premiers travaux de recherche sur Caroline Murat. Elle a suivi chaque étape de monΝ parcoursΝ enΝ m’offrantΝ deΝ nombreusesΝ opportunitésΝ d’étudesΝ etΝ d’apprentissage.Ν GrâceΝ àΝ elle,Ν j’aiΝ puΝ rencontrerΝ lesΝ deuxΝ professeursΝ quiΝ allaientΝ devenirΝ mesΝ directeurs de recherche : Madame Agnès Rouveret et Monsieur Carlo Gasparri. Patients et attentifs auxΝavancéesΝdeΝmonΝétude,ΝilsΝm’ontΝhonoréeΝdeΝleurΝconfianceΝetΝm’ontΝactivementΝsoutenueΝdansΝ toutesΝ mesΝ démarches.Ν MadameΝ AgnèsΝ RouveretΝ m’aΝ égalementΝ accueillieΝ auΝ seinΝ deΝ l’équipeΝ franco-italienne de Paestum, une secondeΝ familleΝ quiΝ m’aΝ beaucoupΝ apporté,Ν tantΝ surΝ leΝ planΝ scientifiqueΝ qu’humain.Ν MadameΝ AgnèsΝ RouveretΝ aΝ su,Ν parΝ uneΝ méthodeΝ socratiqueΝ savammentΝ maniée, éveiller en moi des intérêts et des ressources nouvelles. Telle la déesse aux yeux pers, sa sagesse et sonΝexpérienceΝm’ontΝtoujoursΝguidéΝdansΝlesΝméandresΝdeΝlaΝrecherche.ΝMonsieurΝCarloΝ Gasparri a été à Naples un autre guide essentiel à mon parcours intellectuel. Ses sandales ailées ont mené ses étudiants de Naples à Rome etΝFlorence.ΝSonΝinfatigableΝsoifΝdeΝtransmettreΝm’aΝrévéléΝ quelquesΝunsΝdesΝmystèresΝdeΝl’AntiqueΝetΝmontréΝlaΝméthodologieΝàΝsuivre.ΝC’estΝainsiΝqu’arméeΝdeΝ cesΝdivinsΝprésents,Νj’aiΝpuΝm’approcherΝdeΝl’AntiquitéΝsansΝenΝêtreΝpétrifiée.ΝQu’ilsΝreçoivent ici le témoignage de ma plus grande gratitude. CetteΝthèseΝaΝbénéficiéΝdeΝplusieursΝsoutiensΝfinanciersΝàΝtraversΝdesΝboursesΝd’étudeΝetΝdeΝmobilitéΝ dispensées par la Fondation Napoléon (2008), le Ministère de Affaires Etrangères italien (2008- 200λ),Ν l’UniversitéΝ franco-italienne (programme Vinci en 2009-2011),Ν l’IISSΝ (2010)Ν etΝ l’INHAΝ (2012). Je renouvelle ici mes remerciements à ces institutions. Ce travail de recherches mené entre Munich, Paris et Naples a été l’occasionΝdeΝfaireΝdeΝnombreusesΝ rencontresΝ qu’uneΝ passionΝ communeΝ pourΝ NaplesΝ etΝ l’archéologieΝ aΝ contribuéΝ àΝ nourrirΝ deΝ sentimentsΝd’amitiéΝetΝdeΝreconnaissance.ΝLesΝinstitutionsΝabritantΝmesΝrecherchesΝontΝainsiΝprisΝdesΝ visages amis que je souhaite ici remercier. Aux Antikensammlungen de Munich, je remercie en premier lieu Monsieur Florian Knauss pour son intérêt et la célérité bienveillante avec laquelle il a toujours accompagné mes requêtes. Au Musée Archéologique de Naples, ma gratitude va à Madame Marinella Lista qui a accompagné avec bonté mes premières recherches sur la collection de vases antiques de Caroline Murat. Mes plus vifs remerciements vont aussi à Madame Operette du laboratoire de restauration et au photographe du MANN pour leur support technique, aux « consegnatari » Messieurs Raffaele Danise, Ciro Esposito, Maria Gabriela Martucci, Fortunato Stefanizzi, Sergio Venanzoni pour leur aide logistique. À la Surintendance pour les Biens Archéologiques, je remercie Mesdames Sampaolo et CinquantaquattroΝpourΝlesΝautorisationsΝquiΝm’ontΝpermisΝd’accéderΝauxΝœuvresΝconservéesΝdansΝlesΝ réservesΝduΝMANN.ΝMesΝrecherchesΝn’auraientΝpuΝs’effectuerΝsansΝcela.ΝDeΝmême,ΝlaΝprésenceΝetΝlesΝ conseils de Rosaria Esposito àΝlaΝbibliothèqueΝdeΝlaΝSurintendance,ΝàΝl’ASSANΝd’AndreaΝMilaneseΝ 5 – à qui je suis grandement redevable – etΝd’AngelaΝLuppinoΝ– dontΝl’amitiéΝm’estΝtrèsΝprécieuseΝ– ontΝétéΝfondamentauxΝpourΝlaΝréussiteΝdeΝcetteΝentreprise.ΝQu’ilsΝsoientΝiciΝremerciésΝpour leur aide etΝlesΝdiscussionsΝfécondesΝéchangéesΝdurantΝtoutesΝcesΝannées.ΝCeΝlieuΝd’étudeΝsiΝricheΝd’histoireΝetΝ deΝ mémoireΝ queΝ constitueΝ laΝ bibliothèqueΝ deΝ laΝ Surintendance,Ν m’aΝ permisΝ deΝ connaîtreΝ WernerΝ Johannoswky dans les dernières années de sa vie. Je lui dois plusieurs conseils bibliographiques et de passionnantes discussions ;Νqu’unΝhommageΝluiΝsoitΝiciΝrendu.Ν ÀΝ l’ArchivioΝ diΝ StatoΝ deΝ Naples (ASN), je remercie Madame Renata De Lorenzo et Monsieur Gaetano Damiano pour leur précieux conseils et les nombreuses anecdotes partagées sur la période napoléonienne. Ils ont été les auxiliaires et les gardiens de mes trouvailles. L’IstitutoΝ ItalianoΝ perΝ gliΝ StudiΝ StoriciΝ (IISS)Ν BenedettoΝ Croce,Ν m’aΝ offertΝ uneΝ bourseΝ d’étudeΝ àΝ Naples etΝaΝcontribuéΝàΝl’élargissementΝdesΝhorizonsΝculturelsΝdeΝcetteΝrechercheΝàΝtraversΝlaΝlargeΝ gamme de conférences suivies en son sein. Outre la personne de sa secrétaire générale, Marta Herling,ΝjeΝtiensΝàΝremercierΝl’ensembleΝduΝpersonnelΝdeΝcetteΝinstitution pour leur aide logistique et intellectuelle.ΝQu’ilΝmeΝsoitΝpermisΝiciΝdeΝciterΝl’appuiΝdeΝmesΝcamaradesΝboursiers,ΝenΝparticulierΝ Anna Gargano, Domenico Cecere et Emanuele Catone, dont les indications archivistiques et bibliographiques se sont révélé de première utilité. Je souhaite également remercier chaleureusement la directrice du Centre Jean Bérard, Madame ClaudeΝ Pouzadoux,Ν quiΝ m’aΝ témoignéΝ unΝ intérêtΝ etΝ uneΝ affectionΝ constanteΝ etΝ dontΝ lesΝ écritsΝ ontΝ grandement nourri mes réflexions. Priscilla MunziΝetΝLaëtitaΝCavassaΝm’ontΝégalementΝapportéΝleurΝ aide et leur amitié ;Νqu’ellesΝenΝsoientΝvivementΝremerciées.Ν À Paris, mes recherches ont bénéficié du soutien de nombreux chercheurs et institutions. Au Musée duΝLouvre,ΝjeΝremercieΝl’équipeΝduΝDépartement des AGER et en particulier pour leurs conseils et leur disponibilité, Mesdames Sophie Descamps, Françoise Gaultier, Pascale Gilet, Violaine Jeammet, Sophie Padel-Imbaud. Mes plus vifs remerciements vont à Sophie Marmois, Néguine Mathieux et Christine WalterΝpourΝleurΝamitiéΝetΝleurΝsoutienΝinconditionnel.ΝÀΝl’EHESS,ΝMadameΝ Marie-Christine Villanueva-Puig accompagne depuis plusieurs années mes recherches. Je souhaite laΝremercierΝiciΝpourΝlaΝdisponibilitéΝetΝlaΝbienveillanceΝqu’elleΝm’aΝtoujoursΝtémoignées. Au CRRMF, ma plus grande gratitude va à Madame Brigitte Bourgeois pour ses conseils et son e regard expert sur les restaurations du début du XIX siècle. Au Musée National de la Céramique à Sèvres, je remercie Monsieur Eric Moinet, directeur de l’établissement et Madame Laurence Tilliard, conservatrice du patrimoine, pour leur grande disponibilité. Mes remerciements vont également à Monsieur Bernard Chevalier, au Prince Murat, à Monsieur ChristianΝBourdeilleΝetΝàΝl’associationΝdesΝamisΝdu MuséeΝMuratΝpourΝl’intérêtΝqu’ilsΝontΝtémoignéΝàΝ ma recherche. CetteΝthèseΝm’aΝégalementΝpermisΝdeΝparticiperΝàΝdesΝcolloquesΝetΝdesΝséminaires,ΝauΝcoursΝdesquelsΝ j’aiΝ puΝ rencontrerΝ desΝ personnalitésΝ scientifiquesΝ quiΝ m’ontΝ grandementΝ aidé.Ν GabriellaΝ Prisco a ainsiΝsuiviΝattentivementΝlesΝpremiersΝdéveloppementsΝdeΝcetteΝthèse,ΝenΝl’orientantΝparΝcesΝconseils.Ν LudiΝChazalonΝm’aΝmerveilleusementΝguidéeΝdansΝlesΝméandresΝdesΝréservesΝduΝmuséeΝdeΝNaples. DiegoΝEliaΝetΝSebastianoΝBarresiΝm’ontΝapporté leurs connaissances sur Locres et la céramique du 6 Groupe Intermédiaire.ΝJeΝlesΝremercieΝencoreΝuneΝfoisΝpourΝleurΝœilΝexpertΝetΝlaΝgénérositéΝdeΝleursΝ conseils. Madame Angela Pontrandolfo, rencontrée à Naples et à Paestum, m’a accompagnée par ses nombreux écrits et sa réflexion menée sur le sujet depuis plusieurs années. Orlando Sculli et le docteurΝ FrançoisΝ ChassainΝ m’ontΝ apportéΝ leursΝ connaissancesΝ botaniques.Ν IlsΝ m’ontΝ ainsiΝ permisΝ d’identifierΝsansΝerreursΝdesΝespècesΝvégétalesΝreprésentéesΝsurΝlesΝvasesΝpeintsΝetΝm’ontΝrévéléΝlesΝ vertusΝmédicinalesΝdeΝl’helléboreΝutiliséΝparΝleΝdevinΝMélampous pour la guérison des Proétides. Mes camarades de séminaires Imma Ferrara, Italo Iasiello et Salvatore Napolitano ont nourri ma réflexion de discussions passionnantes et échangé de nombreuses références bibliographiques. Ce travailΝleurΝdoitΝbeaucoup.ΝÀΝl’INHAΝdeΝParis,ΝMarie-Amélie Bernard, Delphine Burlot et Louise DetrezΝm’ontΝapportéΝleurΝsoutienΝàΝtraversΝdesΝconversationsΝstimulantesΝentretenuesΝauΝcoursΝdeΝ ces dernières années. Mes aînés Airton Pollini, Sophie Montel,ΝDoraΝD’Auria,ΝAlessandroΝTuccilloΝ m’ontΝ encouragéΝ etΝ montréΝ leΝ cheminΝ àΝ parcourir.Ν DanielaΝ VentrelliΝ m’aΝ offertΝ uneΝ perspectiveΝ d’avenirΝpourΝpoursuivreΝlesΝrecherchesΝsurΝl’histoireΝdeΝl’archéologieΝdeΝl’ItalieΝméridionale. Pour leur amitié sans faille, leur soutien matériel et moral, je remercie Hakima Benabderrahmane,
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