Tourism and Global Environmental Change

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tourism and Global Environmental Change Tourism and Global Environmental Change Global environmental change is one of the most significant issues facing human- kind. Tourism and Global Environmental Change provides the first comprehen- sive analysis of the economic, social and political interrelationships between tourism and global environmental change. In this book, tourism is seen to be both a significant contributor to global environmental change and one of the economic sectors that potentially will be most impacted by such changes. Tourism and Global Environmental Change is divided into three sections. The first section examines the tourism and global environmental change relationship in specific environments, including polar regions, mountains, rivers, forests, coastal regions, reefs, deserts and the urban environment. The second section looks at specific global issues related to environmental change and includes the spread of disease and its potential effects on tourism, biodiversity, water resources and extreme weather events. The final section discusses some of the different percep- tions held by tourists and the tourist industry on global environmental change. It concludes by investigating some of the potential responses to global environ- mental change by the tourism industry and government. This indispensable collection of essays from leading scholars in the field, Tourism and Global Environmental Change, concludes that there is a major crisis facing tourism. It argues that impacts are real and are potentially extremely serious both for tourism and for the communities that depend upon the tourism industry. Stefan Gössling is Associate Professor, Department of Service Management, Lund University, Sweden. C. Michael Hall is Professor, Department of Tourism, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, and Docent, Department of Geography, University of Oulu, Finland. Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility Series Editor: C. Michael Hall Professor at the Department of Tourism, University of Otago, New Zealand. The aim of this series is to explore and communicate the intersections and relation- ships between leisure, tourism and human mobility within the social sciences. It will incorporate both traditional and new perspectives on leisure and tourism from contemporary geography, e.g. notions of identity, representation and culture, while also providing for perspectives from cognate areas such as anthropology, cultural studies, gastronomy and food studies, marketing, policy studies and polit- ical economy, regional and urban planning, and sociology, within the development of an integrated field of leisure and tourism studies. Also, increasingly, tourism and leisure are regarded as steps in a continuum of human mobility. Inclusion of mobility in the series offers the prospect to examine the relationship between tourism and migration, the sojourner, educational travel, and the second home and retirement travel phenomena. The series comprises two strands: Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility aims to address the needs of students and academics, and the titles will be published in hardback and paperback. Titles include: The Moralisation of Tourism The Media and the Tourist Sun, sand … and saving the world? Imagination Jim Butcher Converging cultures Edited by David Crouch, Rhona The Ethics of Tourism Development Jackson and Felix Thompson Mick Smith and Rosaleen Duffy Tourism and Global Environmental Tourism in the Caribbean Change Trends, development, prospects Ecological, social, economic and Edited by David Timothy Duval political interrelationships Qualitative Research in Tourism Edited by Stefan Gössling and Ontologies, epistemologies and C. Michael Hall methodologies Edited by Jenny Phillimore and Lisa Goodson Routledge Studies in Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility is a forum for innovative new research intended for research students and academics, and the titles will be available in hardback only. Titles include: 1. Living with Tourism 3. Tourism and Postcolonialism Negotiating Identities in a Turkish Contested discourses, identities and Village representations Hazel Tucker C. Michael Hall and Hazel Tucker 2. Tourism, Diaspora and Space Tim Coles and Dallen J. Timothy Tourism and Global Environmental Change Ecological, social, economic and political interrelationships Edited by Stefan Gössling and C. Michael Hall I~ ~~o~!!~n~~;up LONDON AND NEW YORK First published 2006 by Routledge Published 2017 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Copyright © 2006 Stefan Gössling and C. Michael Hall editorial matter and selection; the contributors their individual chapters. Typeset in Times New Roman by Bookcraft Ltd, Stroud, Gloucestershire The Open Access version of this book, available at www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Gössling, Stefan. Tourism and global environmental change : ecological, social, economic, and political interrelationships / Stefan Gössling and C. Michael Hall. p. cm. — (Contemporary geographies of leisure, tourism, and mobility) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Tourism—Environmental aspects. 2. Global environmental change. I. Hall, Colin Michael, 1961– II. Title. III. Series. G155.A1G67 2005 338.4791–dc22 2005011328 ISBN13: 978-0-415-36131-6 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-36132-3 (pbk) Contents List of tables vii List of figures ix List of contributors x Preface xii Acknowledgements xiii 1 An introduction to tourism and global environmental change 1 STEFAN GÖSSLING AND C. MICHAEL HALL PART I Environments 35 2 Impacts of global environmental change on tourism in the polar regions 37 MARGARET E. JOHNSTON 3 Global environmental change and mountain tourism 54 DANIEL SCOTT 4 Lakes and streams 76 BRENDA E. JONES, DANIEL SCOTT AND STEFAN GÖSSLING 5 Tourism and forest ecosystems 95 STEFAN GÖSSLING AND THOMAS HICKLER 6 The coastal and marine environment 107 STEPHEN J. CRAIG-SMITH, RICHARD TAPPER AND XAVIER FONT 7 Deserts and savannah regions 128 ROBERT PRESTON-WHYTE, SHIRLEY BROOKS AND WILLIAM ELLERY 8 Tourism urbanisation and global environmental change 142 C. MICHAEL HALL vi Contents PART II Global issues 157 9 Tourism, disease and global environmental change: the fourth transition? 159 C. MICHAEL HALL 10 Tourism and water 180 STEFAN GÖSSLING 11 Extreme weather events 195 CHRIS R. DE FREITAS 12 Tourism, biodiversity and global environmental change 211 C. MICHAEL HALL PART III Stakeholder adaptation and perceptions 227 13 The role of climate information in tourist destination choice decision making 229 JACQUELINE M. HAMILTON AND MAREN A. LAU 14 Restructuring the tourist industry: new marketing perspectives for global environmental change 251 SZILVIAGYIMÓTHY 15 US ski industry adaptation to climate change: hard, soft and policy strategies 262 DANIEL SCOTT 16 The example of the avalanche winter 1999 and the storm Lothar in the Swiss Alps 286 CHRISTIAN J. NÖTHIGER, ROLF BÜRKI AND HANS ELSASSER 17 Tourists and global environmental change: a possible scenario in relation to nature and authenticity 293 ERIKA ANDERSSON CEDERHOLM AND JOHAN HULTMAN 18 Conclusion: wake up ... this is serious 305 STEFAN GÖSSLING AND C. MICHAEL HALL Index 321 Tables 1.1 Changes in climate and weather phenomena 14 1.2 Weaknesses of current models in predicting travel flows 22 2.1 Some aspects of global environmental change with relevance for Arctic tourism 44 3.1 Comparison of climate change impacts on the ski industry 58 3.2 Visitation to parks in the Rocky Mountains under climate change scenarios 67 4.1 Projected season length of the Rideau Canal Skateway under climate change 81 4.2 Fresh water bathing areas in Europe, 2003 83 4.3 Endangered wetlands and saltwater intrusion 89 5.1 Forest-based activities 96 6.1 Regulatory instruments 112 6.2 Coastal erosion 115 6.3 Habitat degradation 117 6.4 Pollution 118 6.5 Water handling management 119 6.6 Cruise ships 121 6.7 Local sourcing of products 122 6.8 Marine-based activities 123 6.9 Recreational areas 124 6.10 Commercial fishing 125 6.11 Key factors in an integrated approach to tourism and coastal and marine management 126 9.1 What is carried by humans when they travel 162 9.2 World population growth compared to growth in international tourism arrivals 163 9.3 Pre-border, border and post-border biosecurity strategies 171 9.4 Possible direct and indirect health effects arising from global climate change 173 10.1 Global flows of tourists between regions and corresponding water use (2000) 185 10.2 Country overview statistics 187 viii Tables 11.1 Definitions and measures of climate and weather extremes, and impact classes 197 11.2 Day-to-day air temperature variability for the USA, People’s Republic of China and the former Soviet Union, shown as mean linear trend (ºC per decade) in daily temperature variability values 201 13.1 Sources of attributes for the questionnaire 236 13.2 Descriptive profile of respondents 239 13.3 Descriptive profile of holidays 240 13.4 Results of the ranking of destination attributes 241 13.5 Mean differences between destination attribute rank values 241 13.6 Cross-tabulations of climate information and the weather in the week before the holiday
Recommended publications
  • Marine Tourism and Recreation in Sweden
    Marine tourism and recreation in Sweden A study for the Economic and Social Analysis of the Initial Assessment of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2012:2 Marine tourism and recreation in Sweden A study for the Economic and Social Analysis of the Initial Assessment of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive Enveco Environmental Economics Consultancy (Tore Söderqvist and Åsa Soutukorva) DHI Sweden (Patricia Moreno-Arancibia, Olof Liungman and Nick Ahrensberg) Resurs AB (Lars Paulsson) Swedish Agency for Marine and Water Management, report 2012:2 Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2012:2:2 Havs- och vattenmyndigheten Datum: 2012-09-06 Ansvarig utgivare: Björn Risinger ISBN 978-91-87025-02-0 Havs- och vattenmyndigheten www.havochvatten.se/en/start.html Havs- och vattenmyndighetens rapport 2012:2 Foreword The tourism sector currently accounts for a significant portion of the Swedish economy, specifically marine-related recreation and tourism. This report provides an overview of the activities that can be classified under marine recreation and tourism and how they depend upon and impact our marine ecosystems. The development of the environment in marine areas is crucial for the possibility of future generations to enjoy recreation in these areas. The report describes how various activities may be affected in the future, along with the values that represent the people and Sweden in general. Within Europe, the efforts to implement new legislation around the marine environment have begun in earnest. In order to gather all maritime activities into a single framework, the EU has formulated a maritime strategy designed after three main directions: the Common Fisheries Policy, marine spatial planning, and common environmental legislation for the marine environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
    BIOPHILATELY OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BIOLOGY UNIT OF ATA MARCH 2020 VOLUME 69, NUMBER 1 Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em, And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum. —Augustus De Morgan Dr. Indraneil Das Pangolins on Stamps More Inside >> IN THIS ISSUE NEW ISSUES: ARTICLES & ILLUSTRATIONS: From the Editor’s Desk ......................... 1 Botany – Christopher E. Dahle ............ 17 Pangolins on Stamps of the President’s Message .............................. 2 Fungi – Paul A. Mistretta .................... 28 World – Dr. Indraneil Das ..................7 Secretary -Treasurer’s Corner ................ 3 Mammalia – Michael Prince ................ 31 Squeaky Curtain – Frank Jacobs .......... 15 New Members ....................................... 3 Ornithology – Glenn G. Mertz ............. 35 New Plants in the Philatelic News of Note ......................................... 3 Ichthyology – J. Dale Shively .............. 57 Herbarium – Christopher Dahle ....... 23 Women’s Suffrage – Dawn Hamman .... 4 Entomology – Donald Wright, Jr. ........ 59 Rats! ..................................................... 34 Event Calendar ...................................... 6 Paleontology – Michael Kogan ........... 65 New Birds in the Philatelic Wedding Set ........................................ 16 Aviary – Charles E. Braun ............... 51 Glossary ............................................... 72 Biology Reference Websites ................ 69 ii Biophilately March 2020 Vol. 69 (1) BIOPHILATELY BIOLOGY UNIT
    [Show full text]
  • Greenland Tourism Report 2016
    TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT 2016 VISIT GREENLAND TOURISM STATISTICS REPORT This report contains, in addition to the initial summary, the following information: Key figures from tourism in Greenland 2016 (source: stat.gl) • Air Passenger stats • Cruise stats • Accommodation statistics Additional Data • User data from greenland.com (source: Google Analytics) • Market analytics data from surveys in Germany, Britain, France and USA (source: NIT Kiel) • Latest figures from Iceland (source: statice.is) • Recent international trends and tendencies (sources: Statista & Forbes) INTRODUCTION Visit Greenland has decided not to publish full tourism statistic reports for each quarter, as the number of tourists in Q1, Q2 and Q4 are so low that the statistical uncertainty becomes too great. It does not make sense to focus on quarters when the 'sample' is so small, as the data does not validly indicate the overall development of tourism. Instead, this report uses data for the whole of 2016 and compares it to data gathered from 2015, including those from the most important third quarter. This third quarter represents the summer peak season when more than half of the tourists visit the country. In Q1, Q2 and Q4 2016 there was a total of 26,987 tourists in Greenland who visited (by air), compared to 29,922 tourists who visited in Q3-16. Continued growth for tourism in Greenland The year of 2015 was one of positive growth, as there were 23.8% more tourists arriving by air compared to 2014. This is after several years of negative growth. 2016 also showed very positive growth, with a 9.9% increase of tourists arriving by air - this excludes the 1,700 one-off guests who visited Nuuk in March in connection with the Arctic Winter Games.
    [Show full text]
  • Ilulissat Icefjord
    World Heritage Scanned Nomination File Name: 1149.pdf UNESCO Region: EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA __________________________________________________________________________________________________ SITE NAME: Ilulissat Icefjord DATE OF INSCRIPTION: 7th July 2004 STATE PARTY: DENMARK CRITERIA: N (i) (iii) DECISION OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE: Excerpt from the Report of the 28th Session of the World Heritage Committee Criterion (i): The Ilulissat Icefjord is an outstanding example of a stage in the Earth’s history: the last ice age of the Quaternary Period. The ice-stream is one of the fastest (19m per day) and most active in the world. Its annual calving of over 35 cu. km of ice accounts for 10% of the production of all Greenland calf ice, more than any other glacier outside Antarctica. The glacier has been the object of scientific attention for 250 years and, along with its relative ease of accessibility, has significantly added to the understanding of ice-cap glaciology, climate change and related geomorphic processes. Criterion (iii): The combination of a huge ice sheet and a fast moving glacial ice-stream calving into a fjord covered by icebergs is a phenomenon only seen in Greenland and Antarctica. Ilulissat offers both scientists and visitors easy access for close view of the calving glacier front as it cascades down from the ice sheet and into the ice-choked fjord. The wild and highly scenic combination of rock, ice and sea, along with the dramatic sounds produced by the moving ice, combine to present a memorable natural spectacle. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS Located on the west coast of Greenland, 250-km north of the Arctic Circle, Greenland’s Ilulissat Icefjord (40,240-ha) is the sea mouth of Sermeq Kujalleq, one of the few glaciers through which the Greenland ice cap reaches the sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan and Canada in Comparative Perspective: Economics and Politics; Regions, Places and People”
    Japan and Canada in Comparative Perspective Economics and Politics; Regions, Places and People A Collection of Papers from an International Conference held in Tokyo, May 2015 “Japan and Canada in Comparative Perspective: Economics and Politics; Regions, Places and People” A Collection of Papers from an International Conference held in Tokyo, May 2015, organized jointly by the Japan Studies Association of Canada (JSAC), the Japanese Association for Canadian Studies (JACS) and the Japan-Canada Interdisciplinary Research Network on Gender, Diversity and Tohoku Reconstruction (JCIRN). Edited by David W. Edgington (University of British Columbia), Norio Ota (York University), Nobuyuki Sato (Chuo University), and Jackie F. Steele (University of Tokyo) © 2016 Japan Studies Association of Canada 1 Table of Contents List of Tables................................................................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................. 4 List of Contributors ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Editors’ Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 7 SECTION A: ECONOMICS AND POLITICS IN JAPAN ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Local Knowledge, Climate Change, Subsistence
    在来知、気候変動、生業活動適応・不適応:グリーンランドの調査から考える Local knowledge, climate change, subsistence (mal) adaptations ――Thoughts from Greenland―― 「在来知と近代科学」科研第4回研究会 鹿児島大学 スチュアート ヘンリ(本多俊和) Henry Stewart (Shunwa Honda) 1.The question and problems I began research in Greenland in 2003 as part of an investigation into representation of Indigenous peoples in media and museum exhibits. When visiting the Greenland National Museum in Nuuk, I became aware of sheep farming in south Greenland. Through this realization, the stark difference between the society and subsistence activities of north and south Greenland Inuit (Kalaallit = Greenlanders) and differing reaction to climate change became evident. Such a distinct variance is not evident in Alaska or Canada. In order to substantiate my intuition, I began to gather data concerning the history of climate change in Greenland, the present situation of regional groups and their subsistence activities, and well as the stance toward climate change by Inuit organisations. Today I present a brief review of representation in exhibits of Greenland National Museum, and then onto a synopsis of climate change research based upon research to date (September 2013 ノース、チューレ文化、シオラパルク、Tasiusaq). Concerning the attitude of the Greenland government, I depend on prior research as my efforts to meet government agencies in Nuuk, September 2013 all were met with last minute cancellations. 2. Terminology Permanent residents of Greenland are officially referred to as Kalaallit(カラーシュ リト カラーリト). This designation has several self-contradictory and ambiguous connotations.⇒ Greenland’s official designation is Kalaallit Nunaat, “The land of Kalaallit”, and permanent residents, regardless of ethnic background are Kalaallit (Greenlanders in English). Inuit ancestry of the 56,000 residents is estimated to be approximately 50,000 persons.
    [Show full text]
  • Prosecuting Child Sex Tourists at Home: Do Laws in Sweden, Australia, and the United States Safeguard the Rights of Children As Mandated by International Law?
    Fordham International Law Journal Volume 18, Issue 5 1994 Article 24 Prosecuting Child Sex Tourists at Home: Do Laws in Sweden, Australia, and the United States Safeguard the Rights of Children as Mandated by International Law? Margaret A. Healy∗ ∗Fordham University Copyright c 1994 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj PROSECUTING CHILD SEX TOURISTS AT HOME: DO LAWS IN SWEDEN, AUSTRALIA, AND THE UNITED STATES SAFEGUARD THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN AS MANDATED BY INTERNATIONAL LAW? MargaretA. Healy* INTRODUCTION Rosario Baluyot was twelve years old when she died in 1987 in her native Philippines.' She was a street child.' Dr. Heinrich Stefan Ritter is an Austrian medical doctor.3 He forcibly in- serted an electric vibrator into Rosario's vagina during a night of sex spent with her and a fourteen year-old boy.4 The device broke and lodged inside of her.5 She carried the fragments dur- * J.D. Candidate, 1996, Fordham University. This Note is dedicated to child advocacy organizations around the globe who have accomplished so much in so little time. I would like to particularly acknowledge Ellis Shenk, Coordinator of ECPAT-US; Lisa Rana, Esq.; Bernadette McMenamin, ECPAT Australia; Helena Karl~n, RAdda Barnen, Sweden; Deen Kaplan of the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families; Andrew Vachss, Esq.; Paul Bravender-Coyle, Anti-Slavery Society; and Professor Roger Levesque of the University of Nebraska for their invaluable assistance. 1. RON O'GRADY, ECPAT, THE CHILD AND THE TouiusT 24 (1992).
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism, Nature and Sustainability
    Tourism, nature and sustainability A REVIEW OF POLICY INSTRUMENTS IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES Tourism, nature and sustainability A review of policy instruments in the Nordic countries Hogne Øian, Peter Fredman, Klas Sandell, Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Liisa Tyrväinen and Frank Søndergaard Jensen TemaNord 2018:534 Tourism, nature and sustainability A review of policy instruments in the Nordic countries Hogne Øian, Peter Fredman, Klas Sandell, Anna Dóra Sæþórsdóttir, Liisa Tyrväinen and Frank Søndergaard Jensen ISBN 978-92-893-5622-0 (PRINT) ISBN 978-92-893-5623-7 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-893-5624-4 (EPUB) http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2018-534 TemaNord 2018:534 ISSN 0908-6692 Standard: PDF/UA-1 ISO 14289-1 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2018 Cover photo: Unsplash.com Print: Rosendahls Printed in Denmark Disclaimer This publication was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the content does not necessarily reflect the Nordic Council of Ministers’ views, opinions, attitudes or recommendations. Rights and permissions This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0. Translations: If you translate this work, please include the following disclaimer: This translation was not pro- duced by the Nordic Council of Ministers and should not be construed as official. The Nordic Council of Ministers cannot be held responsible for the translation or any errors in it. Adaptations: If you adapt this work, please include the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This is an adaptation of an original work by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism & Quality of Life in Greenland
    Tourism & Quality of Life in Greenland: Exploration through Farm Stays in South Greenlandic Settlements Naja Carina Steenholdt & Daniela Chimirri Studies of how the development of industries impacts resident quality of life in Greenland have largely focused on fisheries and mining, neglecting the emerging tourism industry in the country. In this article, we aim to contribute to the reduction of this gap within academia and praxis by exploring how the developing tourism industry in South Greenland interrelates with resident quality of life in this area. Based on the lack of existing academic literature and public awareness within tourism and quality of life in South Greenland, we investigate the relevance of the tourism industry, specifically farm tourism, effect on resident quality of life. Through a small-scale exploratory case study of farm stays in South Greenlandic settlements, we aim to create an understanding of how resident quality of life and farm tourism interrelates. By applying the bottom-up spillover theory as theoretical frame, we investigate whether generated income from farm tourism can contribute to people’s state of wellbeing, but also that there is more to wellbeing than “just” money. Based on generated data, our study concludes that there is a close interrelation between farm tourism and resident QoL in South Greenland. Subsequently, we argue that there are relevant grounds in a larger perspective for further research within the field of tourism and QoL in Greenland. Introduction The increasing amount of debates in Greenland, centering on economic growth, reflects the widespread acknowledgement of its essentiality for the welfare state as such as well as on the way to independence from Denmark.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contribution of Tourism Development to Economic Growth of Sweden: a Panel Data Approach
    Master in Economic Development and Growth The contribution of tourism development to economic growth of Sweden: A panel data approach Vladana Ajvaz [email protected] Abstract: By using panel data for 21 counties in Sweden from 2003 to 2013, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between tourism development and economic growth in this country, within the neoclassical growth framework. To address the objective of this study, the appropriate panel data methods are used, namely both static and dynamic panel approaches. The results show that tourism is a positive and significant determinant of Swedish economic growth. Moreover, the tourism coefficient proves its robustness through majority of performed estimations. Therefore, this study supports the existence of the tourism-led growth hypothesis in this Scandinavian country, which is in line with our expectations. Hence, macroeconomic policies that promote tourism expansion will directly stimulate economic growth and this is expected to happen in the future since Swedish tourism capacity is still not used at its full potential. Key words: Tourism, economic growth, panel data, Sweden EKHM52 Master thesis, second year (15 credits ECTS) August 2015 Supervisor: Lars-Olof Olander Examiner: Kerstin Enflo Word Count: 14331 Website www.ehl.lu.se Content List of figures ......................................................................................................................................2 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Global Biodiversity Festival the Book 2020
    Global Biodiversity Festival — The Book Global Biodiversity Festival The Book 2020 GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FESTIVAL Fortunately, nature“ is amazingly resilient : places we have destroyed, given time and help, can once again support life, and endangered species can be given a second chance. And there is a growing number of people, especially young people who are aware of these problems and are fighting for the survival of our only home, Planet Earth. We must all join that fight before it is too late. Jane Goodall ”PhD, DBE Founder — The Jane Goodall Institute UN Messenger of Peace GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FESTIVAL GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FESTIVAL Foreword The International Day for Biological Diversity gives us About one billion people live in extreme poverty in rural the chance to celebrate the incredible variety of life on areas. Their household income is based on ecosystems Earth, to appreciate nature’s innumerable contributions to and natural goods that make up between 50% and 90% of our everyday lives and to reflect on how it connects us all. the so-called GDP of the poor. Governments should use the occasion of comprehensive recovery plans to build Elizabeth This year’s theme ‘Our solutions are in nature’ economies founded on the conservation and sustainable Maruma Mrema highlights that biodiversity remains the answer to use of nature in the equitable sharing of its benefits. This Executive Secretary, sustainable development challenges. From nature-based will help all, including the most vulnerable. Secretariat of solutions to climate change, food, water security and the Convention on sustainable livelihood, biodiversity remains the basis for We need the world to continue to work towards Biological Diversity a sustainable future.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-Economic Impacts of Mining in Greenland
    University of Akureyri School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Law Master‟s Program in Polar Law Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir June 2014 University of Akureyri School of Humanities and Social Science, Faculty of Law Master‟s Program in Polar Law Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir Master thesis submitted as part of studies for the M.A. – Degree in Polar Law. Akureyri June 2014 Master Thesis Monika Margrét Stefánsdóttir Ha070314 Large Scale Projects in the Arctic: Socio-economic impacts of mining in Greenland Joan Nymand Larsen: is hereby approved as part of studies towards the M.A. degree in Polar Law Studies Akureyri in June 2014 Master Degree Examination Committee Members _______________________________________ Joan Nymand Larsen _______________________________________ Hjalti Jóhannesson iii Abstract Changes in the Arctic environment in the last decades are highly relevant to understanding changes in the socio-economic development in the Arctic. The main focus of this thesis will be on those changes, with a certain concentration on the changes in relation to Greenland. The thesis starts out by providing an overview of the physical and historical background of Greenland, followed by an overview of the economy of Greenland and a discussion of the obstacles for economic development. With Self-Government, Greenland is looking for new sources of income. The importance of the mineral sector has grown as it begins to show its potential as this new source. Case studies of four different mines, in three different countries, along with large scale projects in four different countries will be analysed and compared.
    [Show full text]