Table of Contents

Foreword...... xvii

Preface...... xix

Acknowledgment...... xxiv

Chapter 1 The Verbal Fuel for Ethnic Hatred and Political Violence in ...... 1 Tom Onditi Luoch, United States International University – Africa, Kenya

Chapter 2 Sarcasm and Irony as a Political Weapon: Social Networking in the Time of Crisis...... 11 Natalia Knoblock, Saginaw Valley State University, USA

Chapter 3 Of Drag and Push Democracies: The Construction of as a Failed-Partially Resuscitated State in Popular Songs...... 34 Mickias Musiyiwa, , Zimbabwe Marianna W. Visser, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa

Chapter 4 Real-Name Registration Regulation in China: An Examination of Chinese Netizens’ Discussions about Censorship, Privacy, and Political Freedom...... 61 Kenneth C. C. Yang, The University of Texas – El Paso, USA Yowei Kang, Kainan University, Taiwan

Chapter 5 Tearing up Nationalist Discourses? Appraisal Analysis of Representations of Joice Mujuru and the ZANU PF Factionalism Dialectic in Zimbabwean Newspapers...... 88 Collen Sabao, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Marianna Visser, Stellenbosch University, South Africa

  

Chapter 6 Politics and Promises: A Multimodal Social Semiotic Interpretation of Political Party Emblems and Slogans as Discourse of Hope in a Democratic ...... 112 Ikenna Kamalu, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Chapter 7 Argumentation and Appraisal in Divergent Zimbabwean Parliamentary Debates...... 126 Ernest Jakaza, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe & Stellenbosch University, South Africa Marianna W. Visser, Midlands State University, Zimbabwe & Stellenbosch University, South Africa

Chapter 8 Media Coverage of the 2009 Afghan Presidential Election...... 143 Christopher Strelluf, Northwest Missouri State University, USA

Chapter 9 A Critical Political Discourse Analysis of President Goodluck Jonathan’s Declaration of State of Emergency on Adamawa, Borno, and Yobe States of Nigeria...... 165 Angulu Samson Abaya, , Nigeria

Chapter 10 ISIS Rhetoric for the Creation of the Ummah...... 178 Amaryllis Maria Georges, TRENDS Research and Advisory, UAE

Chapter 11 Metaphors for Nation and War in Chinua Achebe’s Memoir...... 199 Onwu Inya, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria

Chapter 12 Multilayered Political Systems and the Politics of Monitoring Local Government Programmes for Engendered Service Delivery: A Case of Apac District in Northern ...... 220 David Mugambe Mpiima, Makerere University, Uganda

Chapter 13 Impediments to Nigerian Democracy: Ambivalent Role of Vigilante Groups in Maintaining Security in the Wake of the Boko Haram Insurgence in Northern Nigeria...... 240 Ibrahim Sani Kankara, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Nigeria

Chapter 14 Ethnic Stereotyping on Kenyan Blog Sites in the 2013 Political Elections: A Spurious Harbinger of Ethnic Discord...... 252 Nabea Wendo, Laikipia University, Kenya 

Chapter 15 Symbols and Not Manifestoes Are the Selling Point Here: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of Two Contemporary Nigerian Political Parties’ Images and Slogans...... 265 Adegboye Adeyanju, University of , Nigeria

Chapter 16 Legislating for a De Jure One-Party State in 1982 and “Party Hopping” in 2012: Reconstructing Elite Discourse on Political Parties in Kenya...... 286 Sammy Gakero Gachigua, Egerton University, Kenya

Chapter 17 Shades of the GNU in Zimbabwe (2009 – 13): Linguistic Discourse Analyses of Representations of Transitional Politics in Zimbabwean Newspapers...... 306 Collen Sabao, Stellenbosch University, South Africa & Midlands State University, Zimbabwe

Chapter 18 On The Threshold of Democratic Fragility: A Macrospeech Act Explication of Media Representation of the Nigerian 2011 Post-Presidential Election News Reports...... 328 Asiru Hameed Tunde, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Nigeria Daniel Ochieng Orwenjo, Technical University, Kenya

Chapter 19 Revolutionary Politics and Theater of Semiotics: Challenges and Solutions in Northern Nigeria..... 349 Esther Nyam, , Kenya

Chapter 20 Are We All Equal? Immunity of Parliament Members and Criminal Responsibility of Cabinet Members in Greece...... 360 Konstantinos Margaritis, Independent Researcher, Greece

Compilation of References...... 373

About the Contributors...... 405

Index...... 409