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SCOLIIDAE of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Aculeata)

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SCOLIIDAE of CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY VOLUME 1, NO. 6 THE SCOLIIDAE OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) BY PAUL D. HURD, JR. (Division of Entomology and Parasitology, University of California, Berkeley) UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES 1952 BULLETIN OF THE CALIFORNIA INSECT SURVEY Editors: E. 0. Essig, S. B. Freeborn, E. G. Linsley, R. L. Usinger Volume 1, No. 6 pp. 141-152, plates 12 and 13 Submitted by Editors, January 14, 1952 Issued June 27, 1952 Price, 25 cents UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON, ENGLAND PRINTED BY OFFSET IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA THE SCOLIIDAE OF CALIFORNIA (Hymenoptera Aculeata) The members of the family Scoliidae are peared to be incidental to the acquisition of among the larger and more conspicuous wasps of nectar on the part of the wasp. our fauna. Colorationally the sexes are quite dissimilar, the males being more somber than The wasps are frequently encountered in con- their generally larger and more brightly mac- siderable numbers congregating on the flowers of ulated females. The Scoliidae may be recog- various plants in search of nectar. The flowers nized by the very oblique second transverse of Asclepias, Baccharis, Chilopsis, Erigonum, cubitus of the forewing (Plate 12, figs. 2- 5). Lepidospartua, Pectis, Prosopis, and Tamarix seem Additionally, the apical third of the forewing to be among the more attractive floral hosts upon is virtually without venation (Plate 12, figs. which the California species have been collected. 2 - 5). The males possess, at the apex of the abdomen, a retractile trident, a character which The family, an austral intrusive element, is is sufficiently diagnostic to separate them from represented in California by eight species of other scolioid wasps. three genera. Five of these species, three of which are members of the genus Scolia, are appar- The species of this family are parasitic ently restricted to the deserts or more arid re- upon the larvae of the Scarabaeidae. According gions of the state. The two species of Campsom- to Bradley (1945:l) the females do not construct erzs are quite widely distributed in the austral a burrow of their own, but attach their eggs to regions of California, although pilipes is appar- the scarab larvae and prepare a crude cell around ently not present on the California deserts, ex- them leaving the paralyzed grub in situ. Rau and cept perhaps marginally. Two species of the Rau (1918) and Rau (1932) have discussed certain genus Carnpsoscolia are present in California and aspects of the biology of the eastern subspecies are allopatric in their distribution, one of the of’Scolia dubia. The Raus report having observed species, flarnrnicoma, being found on the deserts the wasps in a restricted habitat near. St. Louis, is geographically replaced in the coastal and Missouri wherein there was a considerable accum- more northern austral regions of the state by ulation of stable waste. Examination of this alcione. material revealed the presence of many larvae of the scarab, Cotinis nitida (Linnaeus) -- the sus- The present report is based primarily upon pected host. However, field observations, as the material contained in the following insti- well as rearing attempts, failed to confirm the tutional collections: California Acidemy of suspected host-parasite relationship. The court- Sciences (C.A.S.), California Insect Survey ship dance, mating, and the sleeping behaviour of (C.I.S.), University of California, at Davis this wasp have been described by Rau (1932:59-62) (U.C.D. 1, at Los Angeles (U.C.L.A. ), and at Linsley (1946:27) has reported Carnpsomeris tol- Riverside (U.C.R.). To the individuals in teca (as plumipes) pollinating alfalfa in the charge of these collections as well as those Blythe region of California. Pollination was persons acknowledged elsewhere in the paper I accomplished by tripping the flowers mechanically would like to express my sincere appreciation when alighting or taking flight from a raceme; for the privilege of examining the material in however, pollination of the alfalfa flowers ap- their care. 141 Key to the genera of California Scoliidae 1. Forewing with two recurrent nervures (Plate 12, figs. 2, 3) ............................... 2 Forewing with one recurrent nervure (Plate 12, figs. 4, 5) ........................... Scolia 2(1) Forewing with two submarginal cells (Plate 12, fig. 3) .......................... Canpsorneris Forewing with three submarginal cells (Plate 12, fig. 2) ....................... Campsoscolia Key to the California species of Scolia 1. Forewing with two submarginal cells (Plate 12, fig. 4) ................. .................. 2 Forewing with three submarginal cells (Plate 12, fig. 5). ............... ..... ardens ( p. 151) 2(1) Abdominal tergites maculated with yellow; thorax bi- or tri- colorous, never wholly black ......................................... .... otornita (p.143) Abdominal tergites not maculated with yellow; thorax wholly black ... dub a haernatodes (p.144) Key to the California species of Campsomeris 1. Antennae thirteen segmented; abdomen com- glabrous, except on upper margin ....... posed of seven visible segments (males) .. 2 tolteca (p. 144) Antennae twelve segmented; abdomen com- posed of six visible segments (females) . 3 2(1) Pronoturn with a yellow spot near the hum- eral angle; antennocellar groove present, deeply incised, extending from anterior ocellus nearly to base of interantennal crest, bounded on either side with an impunctate glabrous tubercle ........... pilipes (p. 14.4) Pronotum with a broad yellow transverse band extending to or near the tegulae; antennocellar groove absent, or if pres- ent, short, terminating in a pit, the swelling on each side, if at all evi- dent, weak and punctate throughout ..... tolteca (p.i44j 3(1) Abdomen maculated with yellow bands; pos- terior face of propodeum punctate throughout; densely clothed with long hairs ..................... pilipes (p.144) b Abdomen maculated with orange bands; pos- Fig. 1 - a, antenna of Campsoscolia octonacuiata; terior face of propodeum impunctate, b, antenna of Caapsoscolia alcione. Key to the California species of Campsoscolia 1. Antennae thirteen segmented; abdomen cm- Antennae twelve segmented; abdomen com- posed of seven visible segments(ma1es) .. 2 posed of six visible segments(fema1es) .. 4 142 THE SCOLIIDAE OF CALIFORNIA 143 2(1) Antennae clavate, apical flagellar seg- the level of the face; inner hind tib- ments noticeably enlarged (fig. lb) ..... 3 ial spur not spatulate, scarcely if at Antennae not clavate, apical flagellar all expanded at its apex ................ 5 segment not enlarged (fig. la) ........ Interantennal area scarcely raised above octonaculata I texensis (p. 143 the level of the face; inner hind tib- ial spur spatulate .................... 3(2) Abdominal tergites with basal and apical octoutaculata texensis (p. 145) bands entirely black ...... alcione (p.146) Abdominal tergites with basal and apical 5(4) Abdominal tergites with basal and apical bands ferruginous or predominantly so bands entirely black ...;.. alcione (p.146) flapuzicoma (p. 146) Abdominal tergites with basal and apical bands ferruginous ...... f Zammicoma (p. 146) 4(1) Interantennal area markedly raised above Discussion of Species Scdia (Triscolia) ardens Smith' Scolia otomita Saussure2 Scolia ardens Smith, 1855, Cat. Hym. Brit. Mus., Scolia otomita Saussure, 1858, Ann. SOC.Ent. -3;112. France, ser. 3, 6: 223. Type 6. Geographic range: Geographic range: Mex. , Tex., N. Mex., Ariz. , and Calif. Mexico, N. Mex., Ariz., Nev., and Calif. California records : California records: RIVERSIDE CO.: Cottonwood Sprine, 6, IV-18- IMPERIAL 0.:Palo Verde, 6, VIII-9-46 35 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R. 1. Whitewater, 2 6, Y, (P. D. Hurd, Jr. , G.I.S. 1; 2 6, Y, VIII-20-46 M-24-33 (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.); Y, IX-28-33 (W. F. Barr, C.I.S. 1: 4 6, 9 9, VIII-20-46 (P. D. (C. M. Dammers, U.C.R.); 126, X-10-33 (C. M. Dam- Hurd, Jr., C.1.S.); 2 6, 8 9, VIII-20-46 (J. W. mers, U.C.R.); 17 6, 8 $, VIII-1-34 (C. M. Dam- MacSwain, C.I.S. ); 6,VIII-22-46 (W. F. Barr, C. mers, U.C.R.). Whitewater Canyon, 2 6, $, IX-11- 1.S.); 2 6, VIII-22-46 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S.); 35 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Y, VIII-27-46 (W. F. Barr, C.I.S.); 6, Y, VIII-27 46 (P. D. Hurd, Jr., C.I.S. 1. SAN BERNAFDINO CO.: Twentynine Palms, 6, 4 Y, RIVERSIDE CO.: Mission Canyon, 6,X-1-32 VIII-3-33 (P. H. Timberlake, C.I.S., U.C.R. 1; Y, (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Palm Springs, 0, VIII-4-33 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). VIII-28-34 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R. 1. Andreas SAN DIEGO CO.: San Felipe Creek, 3 6, IX-9- Canyon, 2 6, X-27-34 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). 38 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). Blythe, 9 2, X-16-39 (C. M. Danuners, U.C.R.); 6, 5 $, VIII-20-46 (.I.W. MacSwain, C.I.S.). u, Discussion: Y, X-15-47 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). This species is easily distinguished from the SAN -IN0 CD.: Mexican Well, Y, 1X-10- other members of the genus known to occur in Cal- 34 (C. M. DaPmers, U.C.R.). Twentynine Palms, ifornia by the three submarginal cells of the 3 6, $, IX-5-36 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.); Y, forewing. The wings are heavily infuscated with VIII-9-46 (P. H. Timberlake, U.C.R.). black and are brilliantly. violaceous, especially SAN DIMX) CO.: San Felipe Creek, 6, VIII-8- in bright light. The body is black, except for 35 (H. S. Gentry, U.G.D.); 14 Y, M-10-38 (P. H. those abdominal segments posterior to the second Timberlake, U.G.R.); 2 6,X-11-38 (P.
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