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Policy Makers Lament Women's Vulnerablity to HIV Infection, Yet For
133 Informe de Oxfam 22 Octubre 2009 Tras 25 años de parches La lucha contra los desastres en Etiopía 25 años después de la hambruna Sarahaa Malmud Muhumed junto a un birkhad construido por Oxfam, una alberca protegida donde se recoge agua de lluvia para utilizarla durante la larga estación seca, Harshin, Región Somalí, Etiopía. Derechos: Oxfam/Maite Álvarez. En 1984 se llevó a cabo una operación humanitaria a gran escala como respuesta a la hambruna en Etiopía. Se salvaron miles de vidas. Veinticinco años más tarde, a medida que las sequías se hacen peligrosamente más habituales, tenemos que ir más allá de las tradicionales respuestas “parche”. Para los etíopes es más sostenible y dignificante identificar y atajar los riesgos de desastre, que quedarse esperando hasta que uno nuevo les golpee. Este enfoque supone, además, que los países del norte puedan cumplir con sus responsabilidades de una manera más eficiente. Sin embargo, la Gestión de Riesgos de Desastres sigue dándose en pequeña escala. Es necesario efectuar un cambio. Los etíopes, en primera línea ante el cambio climático, no pueden esperar otros 25 años para que se ponga en práctica el sentido común. www.intermonoxfam.org Prólogo Me llamo Birhan Woldu. En 2005 me di cuenta de que me había convertido en el rostro de la hambruna de Etiopía, aunque en 1984-5 era muy pequeña para saber o entender prácticamente nada acerca de aquel desastre. Un documental de la televisión canadiense me presentó como “el rostro de la esperanza para África”, alguien que había sobrevivido a la hambruna, y el presentador, Brian Stewart, se hizo amigo de mi familia. -
Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid This Page Intentionally Left Blank Famine and Foreigners: Ethiopia Since Live Aid
‘Th ank God for great journalism. Th is book is a much needed, ex- haustively researched and eff ortlessly well written recent history of Ethiopia. A book that strips away the cant and rumour, the pros and antis and thoroughly explains the people, politics and economics of that most beautiful nation. A superb and vital piece of work by some- one who clearly loves the country of which he writes.’ Bob Geldof ‘Th e great Ethiopian famine changed everything and nothing. It fun- damentally altered the rich world’s sense of its responsibility to the hungry and the poor, but didn’t solve anything. A quarter of a century on, we’re still arguing about the roots of the problem, let alone the so- lution, and—though there has been progress—Ethiopia’s food inse- curity gets worse, not better. Peter Gill was one of the most thorough and eff ective television journalists of his generation. He was there in 1984 and his work at the time added up to the most sensible, balanced and comprehensive explanation of what had happened. Twenty-fi ve years later, he’s gone back to test decades of aspiration against the re- alities on the ground. It’s a book that bridges journalism and history, judicious analysis with a strong, and often gripping, narrative. Always readable, but never glib, this is a must for all those who think there is a simple answer to the famine, still waiting in the wings. ’ Michael Buerk ‘No outsider understands Ethiopia better than Peter Gill. He com- bines compassion with a clinical commitment to the truth. -
University of Birmingham the Eisenhower Administration and U.S. Foreign and Economic Policy Towards Latin America from 1953 to 1
University of Birmingham The Eisenhower Administration and U.S. Foreign and Economic Policy towards Latin America from 1953 to 1961 By Yu-Cheng Teng A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Political Science and International Studies School of Government and Society College of Social Science University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT September 2018 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. i ABSTRACT The thesis aims to examine Eisenhower’s foreign policy towards Latin America from 1953 to 1961. In order to win the Cold War, the leading bureaucrats were split over different approaches needed to achieve policy objectives in Latin America within the hierarchically regularized machinery- but it was not necessarily welcomed by every Latin American nation. There were three problems with Eisenhower’s staff structuring arrangement towards Latin America: (a) politicization of U.S.-Latin American relations from 1953 to 1961 by senior U.S. bureaucrats with an anti-communism agenda for Latin American development; (b) neglect of Latin American requests for public funds before 1959; (c) bureaucratic conflicts over different methods to achieve foreign policy objectives, often resulting in tensions between policy and operations. -
Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica Has Been Amended Several Times
Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica 342.023 P742p Poder Judicial. CONAMAJ. Political Constitution of the Republica of Costa Rica – 2 ed. – Heredia, C.R.: Departamento de Artes Gráficas, 2018. 80p. 500Kb (Documento electrónico en PDF) ISBN 978-9968-792-68-4 1. Derecho Constitucional 2. Constitución Política 3. Costa Rica I. Título Presentation 2d Edition Since 2009, almost a decade after its first publication, the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica has been amended several times. This has enabled the people to capture their desires in the Constitution: the evolution of society through a historical perspective. To a great majority of Costa Ricans, this is the most important legal document that ordains the public life of its authorities and the private life of its citizens. As we move closer to our 200th anniversary as a democratic and independent Nation, this Second Edition of the Political Constitution reiterates our most important values to our domestic and foreign English readers. Therefore, after reviewing the first edition, we feel proud to publish this updated version of the Political Constitution of the Republic of Costa Rica. Dr. Román Solís Zelaya MSc. Sara Castillo Vargas President Executive Director Conamaj Conamaj 3 4 We, the Representatives of the People of Costa Rica, freely elected Members of the National Constitutional Assembly, invoking the name of God and reaffirming our faith in democracy, decree and enact the following: CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA TITLE I THE REPUBLIC Sole Chapter ARTICLE 1. Costa Rica is a free, independent, multiethnic and multicultural democratic Republic. -
Download PDF < Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid
YU8CLB5B5HHS // eBook > Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid Filesize: 6.97 MB Reviews This publication will never be straightforward to get going on looking at but really fun to see. This can be for all those who statte that there had not been a worth looking at. You wont really feel monotony at at any moment of your own time (that's what catalogs are for about should you request me). (Cale Hansen Sr.) DISCLAIMER | DMCA QKFUNKV3TADU / PDF \ Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid FEED THE WORLD: BIRHAN WOLDU AND LIVE AID To save Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid PDF, please refer to the web link beneath and download the document or gain access to additional information which might be in conjuction with FEED THE WORLD: BIRHAN WOLDU AND LIVE AID ebook. IMM Lifestyle Books. Paperback. Book Condition: new. BRAND NEW, Feed the World: Birhan Woldu and Live Aid, Oliver Harvey, Bob Geldof, Birhan Woldu became one of the most recognized faces and forms of the late 20th century when her skeletal image was used at the end of 'Live Aid' to globally publicize famine in Africa. Although 'Live Aid', led by musicians such as Sir Bob Geldof and Bono, raised millions for famine relief, most people thought Birhan was dead until she was 'rediscovered' by a Canadian film crew who helped fund her schooling and helped change her life. Twenty years later Birhan once again became a symbol of hope for Africa when she appeared on stage at Live 8, beaming as Madonna hugged her in front of millions (see cover image). -
The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES in EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY and SOCIAL RESEARCH 498
JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 498 Riina Yrjölä The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 498 Riina Yrjölä The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston yhteiskuntatieteellisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston vanhassa juhlasalissa S212 toukokuun 24. päivänä 2014 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the University of Jyväskylä, in building Seminarium, auditorium S212 on May 24, 2014 at 12 o’clock noon. UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2014 The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN EDUCATION, PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIAL RESEARCH 498 Riina Yrjölä The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ JYVÄSKYLÄ 2014 Editors Jussi Kotkavirta Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä URN:ISBN:978-951-39-5691-2 ISBN 978-951-39-5691-2 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-39-5690-5 (nid.) ISSN 0075-4625 Copyright © 2014, by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2014 ABSTRACT Yrjölä, Riina The Global Politics of Celebrity Humanitarianism Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2014, 161 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Education, Psychology and Social Research, ISSN 0075-4625; 498) ISBN 978-951-39-5690-5 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-5691-2 (PDF) This thesis is a critical examination of discourses surrounding Bob Geldof’s and Bono’s humanitarian action in Africa. Rather than examining whether or not this celebrity humanitarian activity is instrumental or detrimental to African development, the purpose of this study is to bring into fore how the contemporary celebrity humanitarian intelligibilities and imaginaries are premised upon a violent colonial impulses that limit, distribute and govern African space, bodies and history with overdetermining constitution of identity/difference. -
ECGA 5450 Crises, Adjustment and Poverty Spring 2018 the Macroeconomics of Foreign Aid
ECGA 5450 Crises, Adjustment and Poverty Spring 2018 The Macroeconomics of Foreign Aid Surges of foreign aid often follow the end of conflict or natural disasters (Haiti in 2009 and Sri Lanka after the 2004 Tsunami). Public health emergencies and natural disasters can lead to large aid inflows. Though well intended, foreign currency inflows sometimes reaching 20-30% GDP can lead to the same sort of macroeconomic adjustment problems created by private capital flows or terms of trade windfalls (the reverse of “sudden stops” or current account reversals). Though most Least Developed Countries do not have large manufacturing sectors, Dutch Disease style harm to the tradables sector caused by an appreciation of the real exchange rate or non-tradables inflation or displacement of domestic production by imports (a risk with food aid for example). Since the tradables sector in many countries includes agriculture, aid surges may hurt some of the same groups aid targets (small farmers for example). In extreme cases, aid can lead to a “boom famine” as documented by Sen (1973) in India during World War II (spending on war preparations drove up real wages and the price of food grains, leaving those not directly involved in the wage boom unable to purchase enough food). While in-kind food aid often drives down local food prices (raising real wages). Post-conflict aid inflows, for example, can reach a third of GDP or more (see Figures 4.15 and 4.16 from UNDP BCPR 2008 Chapter 4 reprinted below). At the 2005 Gleneagles G-8 Summit participants promised to double aid to Sub- Saharan African countries, from in some cases already high levels (for more on the politics of the Gleneagles aid surge, see the Why Poverty Documentary Give us the Money: Ethiopia, Bono and Bob Geldof (Live Aid and Live 8 where Birhan Woldu appeared in 2005). -
The Iconography of Famine
The Iconography of Famine David Campbell PUBLICATION Forthcoming in Picturing Atrocity: Reading Photographs in Crisis, edited by Geoffrey Batchen, Mick Gidley, Nancy K. Miller, Jay Prosser (London: Reaktion Books, 2011). Famine as political atrocity In the twentieth century more than 70 million people worldwide died from famine, making it the most famine-stricken period in history. Given that the capacity to abolish famine globally was achieved in the twentieth century, preventable mass death on this scale constitutes an atrocity. Framing the issue in this way radically revises conventional understandings of famine and poses a fundamental challenge to the way famines are photographed. There have been two shifts in how famine has been understood in recent times. As Stephen Devereux makes clear, while famine is by definition a food crisis, the nature of such crises is many and varied, such that simple interpretations of famine as a natural disaster have been superseded by more complex understandings that highlight political responsibility. With over 80% of famine deaths in the twentieth century located in China and the Soviet Union, and all those deaths occurring before 1965, the importance of political context is clearly paramount.1 Indeed, we can extend the focus on political responsibility and conclude that ‘nothing “causes” famine: people commit the crime of mass starvation.’2 The fact that famines are inescapably political is underpinned by the second important development in the twentieth century, whereby food crises are now located almost entirely in sub-Saharan Africa, where the intersection of political conflict and natural factors has been most acute. This means that states previously free of food crises have become prone to conflict-induced famines. -
Masarykova Univerzita V Brně Filozofická Fakulta
Masarykova univerzita v Brně Filozofická fakulta Ústav hudební vědy Management v kultuře Michael Kořínek Kontext Band Aid, USA for Africa a Live Aid ve vývoji moderní populární hudby a absence vnímání tohoto kontextu v československém prostředí Magisterská diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Aleš Opekar, CSc. 2014 Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, ţe jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně s vyuţitím uvedených pramenů a literatury. …………………………………… II Poděkování: Panu PhDr. Aleši Opekarovi Csc. děkuji za všechny konzultace k této magisterské diplomové práci. Pánům doc. Ing. Vladimíru Hyánkovi, Ph.D. a Mgr. Bc. Jaroslavu Benákovi děkuji za konzultace a doporučení stran zdrojů a materiálů. Za odpověď a vyplnění emailového dotazníkového šetření děkuji: Heleně Burianové, Janě Jaruškové, Pavlu Stratilovi, Gabriele Štěpánkové a Jitce Václavkové III PŘEDMLUVA: ................................................................................................................................... 1 ÚVOD: ................................................................................................................................................. 1 HUMANITNÍ ODDÍL: ....................................................................................................................... 6 OSOBNOSTI CHARITATIVNÍCH NAHRÁVÁNÍ A KONCERTŮ: ......................................... 12 3.1 BOB GELDOF ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.2 BONO VOX ............................................................................................................................... -
Costa Rica: an Overview
Updated June 13, 2019 Costa Rica: An Overview Costa Rica, a Central American nation of 5.1 million Economic and Social Conditions people, historically has been an outpost of political and Costa Rica pursued state-led development throughout much economic stability in an often-turbulent region. The United of the 20th century, but since the1980s, it has implemented States has worked closely with the country to address market-oriented economic policies. In the post-civil war challenges in Central America and to advance shared period, the Costa Rican government increased public-sector values, such as democracy and human rights, worldwide. employment, established one of the most comprehensive social safety nets in Latin America, and supported local Political Situation producers with subsidies and trade barriers. Those policies Costa Rica has sustained continuous civilian democratic contributed to a rapid expansion of the economy; however, governance since 1949, when the country adopted a new a deep recession from 1980 to 1982 led Costa Rica to adopt constitution in the aftermath of a short but violent civil war. a new economic strategy. The country privatized the The center-left (now centrist) National Liberation Party majority of its state-owned enterprises, adopted free-trade (PLN) and a center-right opposition that ultimately became zones to attract investment, and gradually opened the the Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) dominated post- domestic market to foreign competition. war politics. The two-party system has collapsed over the past 20 years, however, as many Costa Ricans have grown Figure 1. Costa Rica at a Glance disenchanted with the country’s political class and have abandoned the traditional parties. -
Executive Summary Costa Rica Justice Sector Assessment
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY COSTA RICA JUSTICE SECTOR ASSESSMENT CENTER FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY February, 1987 San Jose, Costa Rica I . Background On March 22, 1986, the Agency for International Development (AID) awarded a grant to the Instituto Latinoamericano de Naciones Unidas para la Prevencion del Delito y el Tratamiento del Delincuente (ILANUD) to carry out a regional project designed to improve the administration of justice in five countries (Costa Rica, Panama, El Salvador, Honduras, Dominican Republic) . Due to a lack of empirically reliable data for the Central American justice sector, the project included a component of five "sector assessments" to be carried out in the participating countries . Florida International University (FIU) was chosen to carry out these assessments and a cooperative agreement was entered into between that institution and AID . The ILANUD Regional Project includes funding for limited national activities in each country prior to the completion of a sector assessment, which then would provide the basis for more focused and integrated projects, including bilateral assistance programs between AID missions and national governments . Both to facilitate interim assistance by ILANUD and to develop support for the carrying out of sector assessments, ILANUD and RAJO have promoted and encouraged the formation of a national commission for the improvement of the administration of justice in each participating country . The Costa Rican Commission was established by executive decree in late 1985 . Its membership consists of representatives of the Supreme Court, the Ministry of Justice, the Procuraduria, the Bar Association, the National Assembly, and the University of Costa Rica Law Faculty for a total of 32 members . -
How Did Costa Rica Achieve Social and Market Incorporation?
How did Costa Rica achieve social and market incorporation? Juliana Martínez Franzoni and Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Abstract In 1980, just before the debt crisis and in contrast with the experience of the rest of Latin America, almost all Costa Ricans had formal jobs and high-quality social services. To explain this double social and market incorporation, the present article calls into question the role of land distribution, high-quality public institutions and democracy. Instead of these, it focuses on the State-building process whereby a small emerging elite of business owners and urban professionals, drawing on and adapting international ideas, used public policy to deal with social confict and expand their own economic opportunities. Looking beyond Costa Rica, this analysis is particularly germane at a time of growing emphasis on the political economy of public policy and the still inadequate attention paid to the elites involved in designing it. Keywords Economic conditions, social conditions, social welfare, employment, social security, social policy, Costa Rica JEL classification I3, O54 Authors Juliana Martínez Franzoni is a full professor at the Institute for Social Research of the University of Costa Rica. [email protected] Diego Sánchez-Ancochea is an associate professor at Oxford University (United Kingdom) and director of the Latin American Centre at the same university. diego.sanchez-ancochea@ qeh.ox.ac.uk 124 CEPAL Review N° 121 • April 2017 I. Introduction1 People’s welfare depends simultaneously on proper participation in the labour market and protection against the great volatility of that market. In the frst place, they need to be able to rely on a stable income so that they can increase their consumption and meet the needs of their households.