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ORT PH List Numerical
The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People Jerusalem (CAHJP) ORT PHOTO COLLECTION – ORT/Ph ORT (organization for rehabilitation and training) was founded in 1880 as a Russian, Jewish organization to promote vocational training of skilled trades and agriculture and functioned there until the outbreak of World War I, which together with the Bolshevik Revolution caused a virtual cessation of its activities. In 1920 ORT was reestablished in Berlin as an international organization and began operating in Russia and the countries that had formerly been part of Russia – Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Bessarabia – as well as in Germany, France, Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, the offices were moved from Berlin to Paris and subsequently to Marseilles after the capture of Paris by the Germans in 1940. After World War II the headquarters of World ORT Union were set up in Genève, from which they later moved to London, where they reside to this day. The list below is arranged according to serial numbers each of which represents a country. The sequencing is based on the original order of photos inside the former metal binders, hence towns within a country are listed randomly, not alphabetically. Displaying the photo collection of the ORT files from the headquarters in London, most of the descriptions are the original captions from the former binders. LIST OF REFERENCE CODES NUMERICAL ORT/PH 1 Algeria ORT/PH 13 Tunisia ORT/PH 2 Germany ORT/PH 14 South Africa ORT/PH 3 Austria ORT/PH 1 5 Uruguay ORT/PH 4 -
Jewish Citizens of Socialist Yugoslavia: Politics of Jewish Identity in a Socialist State, 1944-1974
JEWISH CITIZENS OF SOCIALIST YUGOSLAVIA: POLITICS OF JEWISH IDENTITY IN A SOCIALIST STATE, 1944-1974 by Emil Kerenji A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Professor Todd M. Endelman, Co-Chair Professor John V. Fine, Jr., Co-Chair Professor Zvi Y. Gitelman Professor Geoffrey H. Eley Associate Professor Brian A. Porter-Szűcs © Emil Kerenji 2008 Acknowledgments I would like to thank all those who supported me in a number of different and creative ways in the long and uncertain process of researching and writing a doctoral dissertation. First of all, I would like to thank John Fine and Todd Endelman, because of whom I came to Michigan in the first place. I thank them for their guidance and friendship. Geoff Eley, Zvi Gitelman, and Brian Porter have challenged me, each in their own ways, to push my thinking in different directions. My intellectual and academic development is equally indebted to my fellow Ph.D. students and friends I made during my life in Ann Arbor. Edin Hajdarpašić, Bhavani Raman, Olivera Jokić, Chandra Bhimull, Tijana Krstić, Natalie Rothman, Lenny Ureña, Marie Cruz, Juan Hernandez, Nita Luci, Ema Grama, Lisa Nichols, Ania Cichopek, Mary O’Reilly, Yasmeen Hanoosh, Frank Cody, Ed Murphy, Anna Mirkova are among them, not in any particular order. Doing research in the Balkans is sometimes a challenge, and many people helped me navigate the process creatively. At the Jewish Historical Museum in Belgrade, I would like to thank Milica Mihailović, Vojislava Radovanović, and Branka Džidić. -
From the Tito-Stalin Split to Yugoslavia's Finnish Connection: Neutralism Before Non-Alignment, 1948-1958
ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE TITO-STALIN SPLIT TO YUGOSLAVIA'S FINNISH CONNECTION: NEUTRALISM BEFORE NON-ALIGNMENT, 1948-1958. Rinna Elina Kullaa, Doctor of Philosophy 2008 Directed By: Professor John R. Lampe Department of History After the Second World War the European continent stood divided between two clearly defined and competing systems of government, economic and social progress. Historians have repeatedly analyzed the formation of the Soviet bloc in the east, the subsequent superpower confrontation, and the resulting rise of Euro-Atlantic interconnection in the west. This dissertation provides a new view of how two borderlands steered clear of absorption into the Soviet bloc. It addresses the foreign relations of Yugoslavia and Finland with the Soviet Union and with each other between 1948 and 1958. Narrated here are their separate yet comparable and, to some extent, coordinated contests with the Soviet Union. Ending the presumed partnership with the Soviet Union, the Tito-Stalin split of 1948 launched Yugoslavia on a search for an alternative foreign policy, one that previously began before the split and helped to provoke it. After the split that search turned to avoiding violent conflict with the Soviet Union while creating alternative international partnerships to help the Communist state to survive in difficult postwar conditions. Finnish-Soviet relations between 1944 and 1948 showed the Yugoslav Foreign Ministry that in order to avoid invasion, it would have to demonstrate a commitment to minimizing security risks to the Soviet Union along its European political border and to not interfering in the Soviet domination of domestic politics elsewhere in Eastern Europe. -
INF/42/Rev.2 2 October 1961 GENERAL Distr
international Atomic Energy Agency GC(V)/INF/42/Rev.2 2 October 1961 GENERAL Distr. General Conference ENGLISH ONLY Fifth Regular Session DELEGATIONS Information received by 29 September 1961 CONTENTS Pages I. Composition A. Member States 2-30 B. Non-member States 31 C. United Nations and specialized agencies 33 - 34 D. Inter-governmental organizations 35 E. Non-governmental organizations having 37 - 39 consultative status with the Agency II. Addressee A. States 41 - 45 B. Organizations 47 - 48 Requests for changes in subsequent editions of this list should be addressed to the Protocol Office in -writing. * Wife in Vienna ** Daughter in Vienna 61-5130 GC(v)/1IJF/42/Rev.2 page 2 I. COMPOSITION A, MEMBER STATES AFGHANISTAN Dolegato% Dr. Abdul Chaffar KAKAR Dean of the Faculty of Science, University of Kabul\ President, Atomic Energy Commission Alternatess Mr. A, Rahman IBADI Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kabul Mr. Abdul K. WARDAKEE Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Kabul ALBANIA Delegates H.E. Gugo PAZE Ambassador Alternates: Mr. Mehmet 9AKA Mr. Aleko SEETI ARGENTINA Delegates H.E. Rear-Admiral Oscar A. QUIHILLALT* Ambassadori Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission| Governor from Argentina on the Board, of Governors Alternates; H.E. Adolf0 B. ESTEVEZ* Ambassador to Austria; Resident Representative to the Agency Professor Mario BANCORA Director, Atomic Energy Commission Advisers; Mr. Adolfo RAWSON* Counsellor, the Embassy in Austria! Alternate to the Resident Representative Mr. Carlos 0. KELLER* Secretary, the Embassy in Austria^ Alternate to the Resident Representative GC(v)/INF/42/Rev,2 page 3 AUSTRALIA Delegates Mr. -
Vatican Secret Diplomacy This Page Intentionally Left Blank Charles R
vatican secret diplomacy This page intentionally left blank charles r. gallagher, s.j. Vatican Secret Diplomacy joseph p. hurley and pope pius xii yale university press new haven & london Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook. Copyright © 2008 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Set in Scala and Scala Sans by Duke & Company, Devon, Pennsylvania. Printed in the United States of America by Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gallagher, Charles R., 1965– Vatican secret diplomacy : Joseph P. Hurley and Pope Pius XII / Charles R. Gallagher. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-12134-6 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Hurley, Joseph P. 2. Pius XII, Pope, 1876–1958. 3. World War, 1939–1945— Religious aspects—Catholic Church. 4. Catholic Church—Foreign relations. I. Title. BX4705.H873G35 2008 282.092—dc22 [B] 2007043743 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Com- mittee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my father and in loving memory of my mother This page intentionally left blank contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 1 A Priest in the Family 8 2 Diplomatic Observer: India and Japan, 1927–1934 29 3 Silencing Charlie: The Rev. -
The French Fifth Republic
21 The French Fifth Republic Kamaya Jayatissa “Dans le tumulte des hommes et des événements, la solitude était ma tentation. Maintenant, elle est mon amie. De quelle autre se contenter lorsqu’on a rencontré l’Histoire ?”1 Charles de Gaulle The Origins of the Fifth Republic In the early 1950s, French political life was dominated by its colonial wars. Following the military defeat and humiliation of Dien Bien Phu, in May 1954, the government of Pierre Mendès France was forced to negotiate the permanent withdrawal of its troops from Indo-China, putting an end to nearly eight years of conflict.2 For France, this defeat marked the beginning of the decolonisation process in all its colonies. Even though both Morocco and Tunisia gained independence without too much struggle in 1956, the situation was to be very different in Algeria where the links with the Hexagon were deeply rooted since 1830.3 “Algeria was the trigger of the crises, which was fatal to the regime”, stressed French political scientist, René Raymond. It indeed initiated the beginning of a conflict that was to drown the Fourth Republic in a severe institutional crisis. Despite commendable achievements, 4 the Fourth Republic remained unloved by many. Known as la mal aimée,5 it comprised 1 “In the tumult of men and events, solitude was my temptation. Now she is my friend. How else to be content when we met history?” 2 In June 1954, having signed the said agreement, newly appointed President, Pierre Mendès France announced to the French Parliament that he had achieve his aim of ‘an honourable settlement’ to end a war that had cost at least 300,000 lives. -
Zbornik Tito
17 Ivo Goldstein e Tito-Stalin Split of 1948 as a Personal Conict ¹e conÇict in 1948 was quite complex and stratiÀed – it was ideological and political, with obvious economic roots and consequences. Nevertheless, it was also personal beca- use it was a conÇict between two charismatic personalities – Josip Broz Tito and Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili - Stalin. In modern historiography, di½erent terms are used for the events of 1948: the split between Yugoslavia and the Eastern Bloc, or the Yugoslav-Soviet split, but also the Ti- to-Stalin split, for quite obvious reasons. I am not an adherent of the 19 century historical concept of Leopold Ranke, who views the development of the main historical processes as a struggle between key histo- rical persons, as he shows in his emblematic work Die römischen Päpste, ihre Kirche und ihr Staat im sechzehnten und siebzehnten Jahrhundert ( e Popes of Rome, eir Church and State in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries), in which he o½ers colorful portrayals of Pope Paul IV, Ignatius of Loyola and Pope Pius V. Despite all my reluctance, it has to be said that the roles of Tito and Stalin, the key personalities in the events of 1948, were essential. One can compare these events with those 20 years later – can anybody say that the invasion of Czechoslovakia and the crushing of the Prague Spring was a consequence of a Brezhnev-Dubcek conÇict? ¹e conÇict of 1948 was very much personalized. Latinka Perović observes that “at a juridical and at a symbolic level, Tito was Yugoslavia and Yugoslavia was Tito.”1 Nee- dless to say, Stalin was the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union was Stalin. -
Political Leadership in France: from Charles De Gaulle to Nicolas Sarkozy
Political Leadership In France: From Charles De Gaulle To Nicolas Sarkozy John Gaffney Total number of pages (including bibliography): 440 To the memory of my mother and father ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements List of abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: 1958: The Gaullist Settlement and French Politics The Elements of the New Republic in 1958 The Birth of the New Republic Understanding the New Republic The Characteristics of the New Republic Chapter 2: 1958-1968: The Consolidation and Evolution of the Fifth Republic The 1962 Referendum and Elections Gaullism and the Gaullists De Gaulle on the World Stage Left Opposition The New Conditions of the Republic Gaullism and Government De Gaulle The Left 1965-1967 Chapter 3: 1968 and its Aftermath Sous les Pavés, la Cinquième République ‘Opinion’ The unmediated relationship escapes to the streets Personal Leadership (and its rejection) iii Chapter 4: 1969-1974: Gaullism Without de Gaulle The 1969 Referendum The 1969 Presidential Election The Pompidou Presidency: 1969-1974 Pompidou and the Institutions Pompidou and Foreign Affairs Left Opposition, 1969-1974 Chapter 5: 1974-1981: The Giscard Years The 1974 Elections Slowing Down the ‘Marseillaise’ Then Speeding It Up Again Giscard and his Presidency Gaullism and Giscardianism The Left 1978-1981 Chapter 6: 1981-1988: From the République Sociale to the République Française The 1981 Elections The 1986 Election 1986-1988 Chapter 7: 1988-2002: The Long Decade of Vindictiveness, Miscalculations, Defeat, Farce, Good Luck, Good Government, and Catastrophe. The Presidency Right or Wrong. 1988-1993: System Dysfunction and Occasional Chaos Rocard Cresson Bérégovoy 1993-1995: Balladur. Almost President 1995-1997: Balladur out, Chirac in; Jospin up, Chirac down: Politics as Farce 1997-2002: The Eternal Cohabitation. -
Mira ŠUVAR, Vladimir Velebit, Svjedok Historije, Razlog D.O.O., Zagreb, 2001., 512 Str
PRIKAZI God. 34., b,. I., 231.-287. (2002) Posebno su obrađeni Politički nazori Ive Tartaglie (115.-154.) u kontekstu op ćih povijesnih okolnosti, te pomaci i promjene u pojedinim stajalištima u ovi snosti o događajima i iskustvima. Autorica razmatra njegov odnos prema Austo Ugarskoj i opredjeljenje za stvaranje jugoslavenske države, odnos prema talijan skim presizanjima na istočnu obalu Jadrana, gospodarskim pitanjima s nagla skom na razvoju pomorstva, monarhiji, odanost ideji integralnog jugoslavenstva i stajalište prema hrvatskom pitanju u prvoj jugoslavenskoj državi. Odnos s dru gim političkim strankama i osobama drukčijih političkih stajališta predstavljen je navođenjem niza polemika u tisku. Djelovanje Ive Tartaglie na kulturnom polju (155.-170.) obuhvaća još jednu bitnu sastavnicu njegova javnog djelovanja. Tartaglia je u kulturnom životu ak tivno djelovao kao pisac i kritičar, organizator izložbi, te osnivač kulturnih usta nova i društava. Posebno je unutar ovog poglavlja obrađena njegova privatna zbirka umjetnina i knjižnica. Tartaglin dom i obitelj predstavljeni su u poglavlju Privatni život Ive Tartaglie (171.-194.) na temelju sjećanja same autorice i njezi ne sestre, inače unuke Tartagline supruge Eleonore, te opisi imaju i vrijednost izvorne građe. Ovo poglavlje sadrži i osnovne podatke o odvjetničkoj praksi, članstvu u masonskoj organizaciji, Tartaglina sjećanja na vrijeme Drugog svjet skog rata i zatočeništvo na Liparima, njegov doživljaj događaja u Splitu na kra ju Drugog svjetskog rata rekonstruiran na temelju privatnih pisama, te tijek su đenja 1948. godine. Sama presuda objavljena je u prilozima knjizi, kao i neki Tartagliini članci koji osvjetljavaju njegova politička stajališta (197.-208). Knjiga je pisana s mnogo ljubavi i poštovanja prema liku koji obrađuje, više popularnim, nego znanstvenim stilom, s malim brojem bilješki i bez posebnog popisa izvora i literature. -
Yugoslav-United States Relations, 1946-1947, Stemming from The
RICE UNIVERSITY YUGOSLAV-UNITED STATES RELATIONS, 1946-1947 STEMMING FROM THE SHOOTING OF U.S. PLANES OVER YUGOSLAVIA, AUGUST 9 AND 19, 1946 by Dorothy Elizabeth Wooldridge A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS Thesis Director’s signature: Houston, Texas May 1971 Abstract YUGOSLAV-UNITED STATES RELATIONS, 1946-1947 STEMMING FROM THE SHOOTING OF U.S. PLANES OVER YUGOSLAVIA, AUGUST 9 AND 19, 1946 Dorothy Elizabeth Wooldridge From 1945 to 1950, the era of the early cold war, most of the nations of the world were in one of two political groups: the pro-West headed by the United States, or the pro-East, headed by Soviet Union. One country which did not fall into this pattern, however, was Yugo¬ slavia. She wanted to break completely with Moscow and to establish her own brand of national Communism, thus enabling her leaders to steer an individualist course in world affairs. Yugoslavia sought not only to free her¬ self from Soviet domination but also to show her total opposition to the Western Allies, especially the United States. The latter part of this objective became a unique area of conflict in the cold war. In 1945 Yugoslavia offered stiff opposition to Italian boundary settlements proposed by the Council of Foreign Ministers. Yugoslavia claimed the area of the Istrian peninsula, including the city of Trieste, as rightfully hers. While the diplomats discussed potential settlements, Yugoslav and Allied troops coexisted uneasily on the peninsula. Tension between the U.S. and Yugoslavia rapidly reached a breaking point. -
LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE
LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE - 2 - AVERTISSEMENT La liste des ministères établie par la présente brochure fait suite à celles figurant : 1° dans le tome I du Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1871 à 1940 ; 2° dans la publication séparée, intitulée « Ministères de la France de 1944 à 1958 ». Elle couvre la période du 8 janvier 1959 au 31 juillet 2004. Outre la liste nominative des membres des Gouvernements, on trouvera les renseignements relatifs : - à l’élection des Présidents de la République ; - aux dates des élections aux Assemblées parlementaires et à la composition politique de celles-ci, ainsi qu’aux dates des sessions du Parlement ; - aux lois d’habilitation législative prises en application de l’article 38 de la Constitution ; - à la mise en jeu de la responsabilité gouvernementale ; - aux réunions du Congrès ; Dans les notes en bas de page de la liste nominative des membres des Gouvernements, les formules utilisées correspondent aux cas suivants : * Devient : changement des fonctions gouvernementales * Nommé : légère modification des fonctions gouvernementales et changement de titre * Prend le titre de : changement de titre sans changement des fonctions gouvernementales. Le texte de la présente brochure a été établi par le Secrétariat général de la Présidence et le service de la Communication. - 3 - CONNAISSANCE DE L’ASSEMBLÉE 2 LES GOUVERNEMENTS ET LES ASSEMBLÉES PARLEMENTAIRES SOUS LA Ve RÉPUBLIQUE 1958-2004 (Données au 31 juillet) ASSEMBLÉE NATIONALE - 4 - TOUS DROITS RÉSERVÉS. La présente publication ne peut être fixée, par numérisation, mise en mémoire optique ou photocopie, ni reproduite ou transmise, par moyen électronique ou mécanique ou autres, sans l’autorisation préalable de l’Assemblée nationale. -
A Eurafrican Future: France, Algeria, and the Treaty of Rome (1951-1975)
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 6-2017 A Eurafrican Future: France, Algeria, and the Treaty of Rome (1951-1975) Megan Brown The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2076 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] A Eurafrican Future: France, Algeria, and the Treaty of Rome (1951-1975) by MEGAN BROWN A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2017 ©2017 MEGAN BROWN All Rights Reserved Brown • A Eurafrican Future ii A Eurafrican Future: France, Algeria, and the Treaty of Rome (1951-1975) by Megan Brown This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Professor David G. Troyansky _______________________ __________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Professor Andrew Robertson _______________________ _________________________________________ Date Acting Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Professor Frederick Cooper Professor Clifford Rosenberg Professor Todd Shepard Professor Gary Wilder THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK Brown • A Eurafrican Future iii Abstract A Eurafrican Future: France, Algeria, and the Treaty of Rome (1951-1975) by Megan Brown Advisor: David G. Troyansky Before the Treaty of Rome (1957) established the European Economic Community (EEC), French officials made it clear that France’s signature on the Treaty was contingent on its partners’ acceptance of Eurafrican policy.