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Differences in Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Whole-Plant Transpiration Efficiency Among Nine Australian and Sahelian Acacia Species

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Differences in Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Whole-Plant Transpiration Efficiency Among Nine Australian and Sahelian Acacia Species Differences in carbon isotope discrimination and whole-plant transpiration efficiency among nine Australian and Sahelian Acacia species Nianguiri M. Konate, Erwin Dreyer, Daniel Epron To cite this version: Nianguiri M. Konate, Erwin Dreyer, Daniel Epron. Differences in carbon isotope discrimination and whole-plant transpiration efficiency among nine Australian and Sahelian Acacia species. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2016, 73 (4), pp.995-1003. 10.1007/s13595-016-0589-7. hal-01490773 HAL Id: hal-01490773 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01490773 Submitted on 27 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Copyright Annals of Forest Science (2016) 73:995–1003 DOI 10.1007/s13595-016-0589-7 ORIGINAL PAPER Differences in carbon isotope discrimination and whole-plant transpiration efficiency among nine Australian and Sahelian Acacia species Nianguiri M. Konate1,2 & Erwin Dreyer1 & Daniel Epron1 Received: 5 July 2016 /Accepted: 6 October 2016 /Published online: 31 October 2016 # INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2016 Abstract efficiency (TE) from biomass production and water consump- · Key message We observed coordinated differences in tion of potted seedlings. Both WI and TE were compared to water-use efficiency, 13C isotope composition, and whole- 13Cdiscrimination(Δ13C) computed from either bulk foliage plant transpiration efficiency among nine Acacia species, or extracted cellulose. 13 although the up scaling from leaf to whole-plant level re- · Results At leaf level, Δ C matched closely WI across spe- sulted in different relationships in Sahelian and Australian cies, while at the whole-plant level, the relationship between 13 species. TE and either Δ CorWI differed between the Sahelian and · Context The genus Acacia sensu lato contains a large vari- the Australian species. Large interspecific differences were ety of tropical to Mediterranean species adapted to habitats found but they were not related to the aridity of the origin ranging from mesic to arid in Africa and Australia. nor to the type of foliage. 13 · Aims We checked whether transpiration efficiency differed · Conclusion Δ C captured well the variability of WI among among a range of nine Sahelian and Australian species and several Acacia species while species differences in carbon-use whether it was related to the degree of aridity of the original efficiency (the fraction of carbon assimilated recovered in area or to their type of foliage (pinnate leaves or phyllodes). plant biomass) or the relative nocturnal transpiration may dis- 13 · Methods Intrinsic water-use efficiency (WI) was recorded rupt the relationship between TE and Δ C. from leaf gas exchange and whole-plant transpiration Keywords 13C . Carbon isotopes . Water-use efficiency . Handling Editor: Andrew Merchant Photosynthesis . Stomatal conductance . Transpiration Contribution of the co-authors NMK has performed the experimental work and has analyzed the data during his PhD under the supervision of DE and ED. DE and ED have designed the experiment and written the 1 Introduction article. A large transpiration efficiency (TE), defined as the cumulated * Daniel Epron [email protected] amount of biomass produced relative to the cumulated amount of water used by transpiration, is often seen as a key strategy Nianguiri M. Konate for plants living in areas where water availability may be lim- [email protected] iting (Bacon 2004). A large TE should help plants to reduce Erwin Dreyer their water consumption, thus increasing the time during [email protected] which soil water can be used in absence of competition for water among co-occurring plants. For this reason, perennial 1 Inra, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Université de Lorraine, 54280 Champenoux, France plants such as trees with high TE are potentially able to per- form better in water-limited environments than plants 2 Present address: Institut Supérieur de l’Enseignement Technologique, Département de production et de protection végétale, exhibiting low TE (Sun et al. 1996). Unité de Recherche Ressources Génétiques et Environnement, At leaf level, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WI)isdefined Rosso, Mauritanie as the ratio of net CO2 assimilation through photosynthesis 996 N. M. Konate et al. and stomatal conductance to water vapor (Bacon 2004). WI is pressure deficit and soil water availability (Eamus et al. 2013). a complex trait and its variation may be related to variation in At leaf level, water-use efficiency was larger in phyllode- photosynthetic capacity and thus leaf nitrogen content and bearing Acacia species (Acacia mangium and Acacia specific leaf area (Reich et al. 1998; Niinemets 1999; auriculiformis)thaninEucalyptus (Novriyanti et al. 2012). Takashima et al. 2004), and/or variation in stomatal conduc- Despite the large distribution of the Acacia species in tance, under the influence of stomata morphology and anato- Australia and in Sahelian Africa and the diversity in forms, my (Franks and Farquhar 2007). Differences in stomatal re- growth, and tolerance to water shortage, we are not aware of sponses to vapor pressure deficit and/or in soil water content any systematic survey of water-use efficiency across species can also explain differences in WI (Epron and Dreyer 1993; and of the relationships between intrinsic water-use efficiency Rasheed et al. 2015). The carbon isotope discrimination oc- at leaf level and transpiration efficiency at whole-plant level. curring during photosynthesis (Δ13C), both during the diffu- To tackle this question, we hypothesized that large inter- 13 sion of CO2 controlled by stomatal conductance and during specific differences in Δ C, WI, and TE exist among these the carboxylation by RubisCO, is a proxy for WI (Farquhar species and that they are related to the climate condition pre- et al. 1982; Farquhar et al. 1989). Variations in Δ13Cthatare vailing in their origins. We further postulated that differences related to variations in WI account for differences in carbon in specific leaf area, nitrogen content, stomatal density, and isotope composition (δ13C) of the plant organic matter, which stomatal dimension between pinnate leaves and phyllodes are 13 potentially provides a useful time-integrated proxy of water- influencing the relationships between Δ C, WI,andTE.We use efficiency both at leaf level (WI) and at the whole-plant selected five Australian and four Sahelian species from a very level (TE, Farquhar and Richards 1984;Condonetal.1990; large range of aridity as computed from de Martonne’sindex 13 13 Roussel et al. 2009a, b). At the global scale, Δ Cisdecreas- (de Martonne 1922), and recorded Δ CandWI at leaf level ing with decreasing mean annual precipitation (Cernusak et al. and TE at whole-plant level. Seedlings were grown in pots in a 2013), which implies that plants living in drier habitats exhibit greenhouse to compare TE integrated over a 5-month period higher WI and TE than plants living in mesic habitats. with WI estimated from instantaneous measurements of leaf The occurrence of a tight correlation between Δ13Crecord- gas exchange and Δ13Ccomputedfromeitherδ13Cofbulk ed in leaves and TE implies that the leaf-level processes that foliage or cellulose extracted from the foliage. are driving variations in WI are also controlling the time- integrated TE at whole-plant level (Cernusak et al. 2009). While consistent rankings between TE and either WI or Δ13C have often been observed among genotypes within a 2 Material and methods given species (Roussel et al. 2009a;Fichotetal.2011; Rasheed et al. 2013; Rasheed et al. 2015), variations in 2.1 Plant material and growth conditions Δ13C explained only a fraction of the variation in TE among species (28 % only among three neotropical tree species, for Seedlings of nine Acacia species were grown from seeds in a example, Cernusak et al. 2009). There is therefore still a need naturally illuminated greenhouse at Champenoux (France) in for careful investigations on the ability of leaf level Δ13C 4-L pots filled with a mixture (1:1 v/v) of peat and sand and records to represent the interspecific variability of whole- fertilized with 18 g of a slow releaser fertilizer (Nutricote 100, plant TE. 13/13/13 N/P/K with oligo-elements). The pot surface was Acacia (sensu lato) is a polyphyletic genus comprising covered with a 2.5-cm layer of perlite to limit direct evapora- over 1300 species worldwide. Acacias can be found from tion from the soil surface. Water content of the substrate at the humid tropics to the arid areas close to African and field capacity was assessed by watering the pots until water Australian deserts. These species bear either pinnate leaves dripped and by oven-drying at 105 °C soil samples collected or phyllodes resulting from a transformed petiole with as a one night after watering. consequence a very different anatomy. The systematics of Five Australian species were provided by the Australian the genus have been the matter of severe debates among bot- Tree
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