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Kosakata Toponimi Kota Pangkalpinang (Toponimy of Pangkalpinang District)

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Kosakata Toponimi Kota Pangkalpinang (Toponimy of Pangkalpinang District) Mabasan, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari--Juni 2016: 68--84 KOSAKATA TOPONIMI KOTA PANGKALPINANG (TOPONIMY OF PANGKALPINANG DISTRICT) Lia Aprilina Kantor Bahasa Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Jalan Letkol. Saleh Ode No. 412, Kacangpedang, Gerunggang, Pangkalpinang Diterima: 08 Agustus 2016; Direvisi: 08 Agustus 2016; Disetujui: 9 November 2016 Abstract This research focussed on vocabulary study relates to the name of place/region or toponimy of Pangkalpinang district. This study used descriptive method. The data collected through library study and field research in Pangkalpinang district. The result of this research can be described as: Nai Si Fuk or Star village, Semabung Village or Yung Fo Hin, Parit Lalang Village, White Coral Village or Sung Sa Tie, Salt Coral Village, Six Parit Village,Iron Village or Thiat Phu, Opas Village, Tangsi jail or prison, Gabek Village, Keramat Village,Seberang Village, Bukit Village,Bukit Tani Village, Bukit Baru Village, Bukit Nyatoh Village, Bukit Merapen Village, Sari Garden Village, Lo Ngin Buk Village,Tuatunu Village, Betur Village, Katak Village, Asam Village, Bacang Village, Kacangpedang Village, Ketapang Village, Ampui Village, Selindung Village, Bukit Intan Village, Bukit Besar Village, and Girimaya Village, Air Salemba Village, Sumberejo Village, Bogorejo Village, Terak Village, Rangkui Village, Pintu Air Village, Air Itam Village, Pasir Padi Village, Temberan Village, and Melintang Village. Key words: toponymy, vocabulary Abstrak Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kajian kosakata yang berhubungan dengan penamaan tempat/wilayah atau toponimi Kota Pangkalpinang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini metode deskriptif. Pemerolehan data melalui studi pustaka dan penelitian lapangan di Pangkalpinang. Hasil penelitian terkait kosakata toponimi Kota Pangkalpinang dapat dideskripsikan sebagai berikut: Nai Si Fuk atau Kampung Bintang, Kampung Semabung atau Yung Fo Hin, Kampung Parit Lalang, Kampung Pasir Putih atau Sung Sa Tie, Pasir Garam, Parit Enam, Kampung Besi (Thiat Phu), Kampung Opas dan Tang Si, Gabek, Kampung Keramat, Kampung Seberang, Kampung Bukit, Bukit Tani, Bukit Baru, Bukit Nyatoh, Bukit Merapen, Taman Sari, Lon Ngin Buk, Kampung Tuatunu, Kampung Betur, Kampung Katak, Kampung Asam, Kampung Bacang, Kampung Kacangpedang, Ketapang, Ampui, Selindung, Bukit Intan, Bukit Besar dan Girimaya, Air Salemba, Sumberejo, Bogorejo, Terak, Rangkui dan Pintu Air, Air Itam, Pasir Padi dan Temberan, Kampung Melintang. Kata Kunci: toponimi, kosakata 68 Mabasan, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari--Juni 2016: 68--84 1. Pendahuluan Kegiatan toponim pulau Indonesia memiliki ribuan pulau mempunyai nilai strategi nasional yang terbentang dari Sabang sampai maupun internasional. Setiap negara Merauke. Perkembangan terakhir pada anggota PBB harus melaporkan jumlah tahun 2002, Departemen Dalam Negeri dan penamaan pulaunya kepada PBB melalui Buku Daftar Pulau Bernama dan setiap 5 tahun sekali (dalam bentuk Belum Bernama setiap Provinsi seluruh National Report), secara nasional Indonesia menyebutkan bahwa jumlah merupakan tanggung jawab bersama pulau di Indonesia adalah 17.505 dan semua komponen bangsa (Rais, 1992). 7.387 di antaranya yang telah memiliki Pulau sebagai sumberdaya nama. Toponim adalah ilmu atau studi wilayah perlu didata baik posisi tentang nama-nama geografis. Toponim geografis, nama, kondisifisik, demografi, sendiri mempunyai arti —penamaan sarana dan prasarana serta data lain yang unsur-unsur geografis“. Nama-nama berguna bagi pengelolaan wilayah. pulau, gunung, sungai, bukit, kota, desa, Dalam survei toponim pulau, hal dsb. adalah nama-nama dari unsur-unsur mendasar yang harus dipahami oleh geografis muka bumi. Toponimi pulau seorang peneliti adalah definisi pulau. merupakan langkah dalam identifikasi Pulau yang dimaksud dalam toponim pulau dengan konsentrasi pada nama- pulau adalah mengacu pada definisi nama pulau (BRKP, 2003). Dalam UNCLOS 1982 Bab VIII pasal 121, penamaan pulau ini, harus diperhatikan yaitu: “3ulau adalah daerah daratan yang beberapa hal yang menyangkut terbentuk secara alami yang dikelilingi pembakuan suatu nama unsur geografis oleh air dan ada di atas permukaan air (Rais, 2003), yaitu: pada air pasang“. Definisi ini berlaku 1) pembakuan penulisan, ejaan nama untuk daratan yang berada di atas geografis; permukaan air pada waktu air pasang. 2) publikasi resmi pemerintah: Gazetir Jika suatu daratan ditumbuhi berbagai Nama-Nama Geografis; vegetasi yang pada waktu pasang tinggi 3) prosedur pemberian, perubahan dan tidak tenggelam, ia tetap tidak dapat penghapusan nama geografis; dan disebut sebagai pulau jika daratan yang 4) riset, pelatihan dan pengembangan menjadi platform-nya terendam air dan SDM. tidak muncul di permukaan. 69 Mabasan, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari--Juni 2016: 68--84 Seperti contoh, Kabupaten berhubungan dengan nama tempat atau Nunukan dengan Pulau Sebatik dan toponimi Kota Pangkalpinang dan pulau-pulau lainnya sebagai pulau makna apa sajakah yang melekat pada terluar Indonesia (bahkan posisinya lebih kosakata tersebut. Dengan demikian, dekat ke Malaysia) hingga saat ini belum tulisan ini dapat membuat deskripsi banyak disentuh. Posisi pulau ini sangat kosakata bahasa Melayu Bangka yang strategis secara nasional namun juga berhubungan nama tempat atau toponimi mencemaskan mengingat wilayah di Kota Pangkalpinang dan ”kedekatannya‘ dengan negara lain. deskripsi makna yang melekat pada kata Kasus lepasnya Sipadan–Ligitan dari tersebut. Deskripsi kosakata toponimi NKRI menjadi preseden buruk bagi tersebut dapat memperkaya khazanah negara ini dalam pengelolaan pulau- kebahasaan dan interdisipliner yang pulau perbatasan. Wilayah kepulauan mampu memperkokoh rasa kita yang berbatasan langsung dengan nasionalisme. negara lain adalah Provinsi Aceh, Sumatera Utara, Riau, Kepulauan Riau 2. Landasan Teori berbatasan dengan Malaysia dan Berkaitan dengan kosakata Chaer Singapura. Kalimantan Barat dan (1995 dan 2007) memaparkan bahwa Kalimantan berbatasan dengan Malaysia kosakata merupakan kata yang ada (Serawak), Sulawesi Utara berbatasan dalam bahasa Indonesia (termasuk dengan Philipina pulau Nusa Tenggara bahasa daerah) yang didaftarkan di Timur dengan Timor Leste dan dalam kamus bahasa Indonesia. Berapa Australia, dan Papua berbatasan dengan jumlahnya yang terdapat dalam kosakata Papua Nugini. Penamaan suatu wilayah dapat disebutkan secara pasti, sebab apakah sudah sesuai dengan kaidah yang kata-kata merupakan bagian dari sistem sudah ditetapkan oleh UNGEGN suatu bahasa yang rentan terhadap perubahan lembaga yang dinaungi Perserikatan dan perkembangan sosial budaya Bangsa-Bangsa. masyarakat sehingga sewaktu-waktu Berdasarkan paparan pada latar dapat bertambah dan berkurang. belakang di atas, masalah utama yang Kosakata juga dapat juga berarti kata- perlu dikaji adalah apa sajakah kata yang dikuasai seseorang atau kosakata bahasa Melayu Bangka yang sekelompok orang dari lingkungan yang 70 Mabasan, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari--Juni 2016: 68--84 sama. Dalam pengertian yang lain, dalam salah satu cabang ilmu bahasa kosakata dapat berupa kata-kata atau yaitu sejarah linguistik (Historical istilah yang digunakan satu bidang ilmu Linguistics). Onomastik khusus pengetahuan tertentu (Muhidin, mengkaji mengenai asal-usul nama, baik 2015:79–88). Kosakata dapat juga nama diri maupun nama tempat (Ptof. meliputi sejumlah kata dari suatu bahasa Dr. Multamia Lauder, Seminar Nasional yang disusun secara alfabetis dengan Toponimi: Peran Toponimi dalam penjelasan maknanya, layaknya sebuah Pelestarian Budaya Bangsa dan kamus. Pembangunan Nasional). Chaer (1995:90) berpendapat Kajian yang berhubungan dengan bahwa sosiolinguistik menjelaskan nama diri disebut antroponimi dan kajian konsep register secara sempit, dengan mengenai nama tempat disebut pemakaian kosakata secara khusus yang toponimi. Para pakar toponimi berhubungan dengan penggunaan bahasa menyebutkan bahwa toponimi di dalam situasi tertentu dan merupakan Indonesia sepakat disebut dengan nama suatu variasi bahasa yang berbeda rupa bumi. Penyebutan toponimi atau berdasarkan pemakaian dan rupa bumi tertua di Indonesia dilakukan penggunaannya. Pakar lain, Halliday oleh Schnitger pada 1936 mengenai (dalam Nababan, 1985:42) menye- kawasan Muarajambi dalam karyanya butkan fungsi register, yaitu (1) fungsi Hindu-Oudheden aan de Batanghari. instrumental, (2) fungsi interaksi, (3) Pada umumnya di Indonesia, toponimi fungsi kepribadian atau personal, (4) belum dikenal oleh masyarakat luas, fungsi pemecah masalah atau heuristik, hingga saat ini belum terbentuk (5) fungsi khayal atau imajinasi, dan (6) komunitas toponimi. Dalam persepsi fungsi informasi. luas, di negara lain sekurang-kurangnya Toponimi adalah cabang terdapat American Name Society dan the onomastika yang menyelidiki nama International Council of Onomastic tempat; dan nama tempat (KBBI, Sciences. 2000:1206). Nama merupakan bagian Di sisi lain, penamaan tempat integral dari sosok manusia dan merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Hal kehidupan manusia. Nama dikaji dan ini mengingat nama tempat merupakan ditelisik oleh Onomastics (onomatologi) salah satu unsur utama dalam 71 Mabasan, Vol. 10, No. 1, Januari--Juni 2016: 68--84 berkoordinasi dan berkomunikasi pelengkap berupa buku-buku populer, antarbangsa, maka PBB membentuk dua surat kabar, dan pengetahuan yang organisasi yang menangani toponimi: (1) diperoleh melalui selancar di dunia maya UNGEGN (United Nations Group of (internet). Experts on Geographical Names), dan 3.2 Survei lapangan (2) UNCSGN (United Nations Survei lapangan dilakukan Conference
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