Volume Seven. Number Two Spring/Summer 1999

A Richard Wright Bibliography Supplement

by

Keneth Kinnamon © K.K.

No portion of this text may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the author. ~ Richard Wri~ht Biblio~raphy: 1991

by

Keneth Kinnamon

The most important event in Wright studies in 1991 was undoubtedly the publication of the two volumes of the Library of American edition, Early Works and Later Works, featuring texts of his fiction and autobiography through The

Outsider more faithful to the author's intentions than earlier editions. The extensive textual and explanatory notes as well as the detailed chronology put us all in debt to Arnold Rampersad and Mark Richardson . Early reviewers such as Charles Johnson, Alfred Kazin, and Walter Mosley used the occasion to emphasize Wright's status as a major literary figure.

In 1990 four books on our author appeared. Only one came out in 1991-­

Robert Butler's Native Son: The Emer~ence of ~ New Black Hero, the best extended treatment of Wright's best novel . Other work on Native Son includes

Toru Kiuchi's comparison of the 1951 and 1986 film versions and Maxine

Montgomery's treatment of the novel as a jeremiad against racial injustice.

Noteworthy articles on other fictional works are Sandra Adell's exploration of the philosophical dimensions of The Outsider and B. Eugene McCarthy's study of historical models in Uncle Tom's Children.

As was the case in 1990, we can glean new opinions and sometimes facts concerning Wright by consulting works on other authors such as Mark Busby on

Ellison, Clive Bush on Stein, James Campbell on Baldwin , James Cox on

Faulkner, David Dudley on Douglass and others, Gayl Jones on Alice Walker and others, Kalu Ogbaa on Baldwin and Ellison, and Arnold Rampersad on Twain.

Finally, mention must be made of yet another indispensable contribution by

Michel Fabre, his chapter\ on Wright's exile in From Harlem to Paris . 1991 Massachusetts Review , 32 (Summer), 225-229. 1. Aaron, Daniel. "The Hoodlum's Mentions W briefly (p . 225). Friend." The London Times Literary Supplement, No. 4586 (22 February), 8 . Adell, Sandra. "Richard Wright's p. 10. The Outsider and the Kierkegaardian Review of Bettina Drew's Concept of Dread." Comparative biography of Nelson Algren Literature Studies, 28, No.4, 378- mentioning b~iefly Wand NS . 394 . Argues that the origins of Cross 2. Abbandonato, Linda. "'A View from Damon's characterization lie in Elsewhere': Subversive Sexuality and the Kierkegaardian ideas first the Rewriting of the Heroine's Story articulated in "How 'Bigger' Was in The Color Purple." PMLA, 106 Born." Bigger's fear and dread (October), 1106-1115. have white racism as a reference, Comments on and questions W's but Cross's are ontological and realism (pp. 1109, 1114). primal. Achieving a nihilistic Reprinted: 1996 freedom, Cross "dies unredemptive and pleading his innocence in 3. Abbott, Dorothy. "Map of Literary face of the horror of the Mississippi," in her Mississippi nothingness he encountered as an Writers: An Anthology. Jackson: absolutely free man" (p. 392). In University Press of Mississippi, p. addition to Kierkegaard, W was x. influenced by Heidegger, Map of the state with sketches of Nietzsche, Jaspers, Husserl, and Wand fifteen other writers. literary modernism in developing such a vision of the human 4. ___ . "Mississippi Writers," in condition. her Mississippi Writers: An Anthology. Jackson : University Press 9. Ai thal, S . K. "Richard Wright." of Mississippi, pp . 497-515. Abstracts of English Studies, 34 Includes a biographical sketch of (December), 314. W, who is represented in the Abstracts articles by Carolyn anthology by "Almos' a Man" and Camp and Lynda Hungerford. an excerpt from BB. 10. Alexander, Margaret Walker . 5. ___ . "Twentieth-Century "Natchez and Richard Wright in Mississippi Writers," in her Southern American Literature." The Mississippi Writers: An Anthology . Southern Quarterly, 29 (Summer), Jackson: University Press of 171-175 . Mississippi, pp. xi-xiii. Comments on history and myth in List of towns and writers Southern culture. Born in associated with them , including W Natchez , Wright was influenced by under Natchez. the racism of the South and by such Southern writers as Twain, 6. Abraham, Kinte. Politics of Black Poe , Mencken, and Faulkner. Nationalism from Harlem to Soweto. Mentions briefly UTC, NS, BB, Trenton, N.J. : Africa World Press, TMBV , and LD. p. 164. Compares briefly Wand Peter 11. Andrews, William L. "African­ Abrahams. American Autobiography Criticism: Retrospect and Prospect," in 7. Abramson, Doris . "Foreword . " The American Autobiography: Retrospect

2 and Prospect. Ed . Paul John Eakins. 18. Anon . "Cambridge University Madison: University of Wisconsin Press." American Quarterly , 43 Press, pp . 195-215 . (March), following p . 171 . Reviews scholarship on BB (p. Publisher's advertisement 202) and mentions W elsewhere including notices of Paul (pp. 196, 209). Oliver's Blues Fell This Morning (foreword by W) and New Essays on 12. Anon. "Advance Praise for Native Son , edited by Keneth Richard Wright : Works." New York : Kinnamon. The Library of America, 1 p. Promotional flyer with quotations 19. Anon . "Constitution." The by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , Roger Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 Rosenblatt, and Charles Johnson. (Spring), 4. Consists of seven articles 13. Anon. "American Visions." governing the Richard Wright American Quarterly, 43 (June), Circle. "The obj ect of this following p. 373 . society shall be to stimulate and Publisher's advertisement of promote interest in the work and several books, including The ideas of Richard Wright and to Signet Classic Book of Southern facilitate scholarship and Short Stories , to which W is criticism on Wright's works." listed as a contributor . 20 . Anon . "Contributors." Callaloo , 14. Anon. "Angry Genius of Richard 14 (Spring), 553-555 . Wright . " Washington Afro-American Mentions that Henry Louis Gates, (19 January ), p. B2. Jr., "recently delivered the Reprint of 1991 First Annual Richard Wright Lectures" at the University of 15 . Anon. "At last . Unexpurgated . Pennsylvania . Authoritative . Wright." The New Republic, 205 (14 October), 37. 21 . Anon . "Contributors." New Publisher's advertisement for the Literary History , 22 (Summer) , (17 ). Library of America edition. Lists Joyce Ann Joyce and her Includes a photograph of Wand a Richard Wright's Art of Tragedy . blurb by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. 22. Anon . "Court Dismisses Suit Over 16. Anon. Bibliographic Guide to Richard Wright Biography." Jet , 81 Black Studies : 1990 . Boston: G. K. (16 December), 14. Hall, p . 270. Announces the result of Ellen Lists four secondary items Wright's suit against Margaret concerning W in the New York Walker for use of unpublished Public Library, supplementing the material in her biography of W. Dictionary Catalog of the Schomberg Collection of Negro 23 . Anon . '''Doing the (W)right Literature and History . Thing!' ~ot ~ Anniversary of Richard Wright's Classic Novel Native Son 17. Anon. "Booksearch : Out-of-Print Celebrated at Symposium at Books That Should Still Be in Northeastern University . " The Print." English Journal, 80 Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 (December), 88-92. (Spring) , l. Contains an entry on Black and Speakers included Joyce Scott , White: Stories of American Life James Nagel, Hope Davis, Joyce mentioning W briefly (p.9l). Ann Joyce , Mae G. Henderson,

3 Bernard Bell , Clyde Taylor , Li sts t wo items on W. Samuel Allen, and George Lamming . 31. Anon. Index to Black 24. Anon . English 1992 Catalog . New Periodicals : 1990 . Boston: G. K. York: Merit Audio Visual, pp. 5, 11 . Hall , p . 291. Lists a videocassette of "Almos' Lists six items on W. a Man" and a film strip on W. 32. Anon. Language ~ Literature. New 25. Anon. "From Provincial Outpost York : HarperCo11ins, p . 11 . to National Treasure : Natchez Publisher's brochure listing Celebrates Its 275 th Anniversary." paperback editions of NS, BB , Q, Natchez, Mississippi : The Natchez UTC, AH , and LD "in a bright new Literary Celebration. format." Brochure announcing a lecture by Michel Fabre on "Richard Wright 33 . Anon . "Library of America and Natchez: An Enduring Edition. " The Richard Wright Connection , " 1 June. Newsletter, 1 (Fall), 2. Announcement. 26. Anon. Fulbright Scholar Program 1992-93 Update of Available Awards . 34. Anon . "Library of America to Washington: Council for Publish Edition of Wright's Works . " International Exchange of Scholars, The Richard Wright Newsletter , 1 p.5. (Spring) , 1- 2. Contains a photograph of W. Announces Volume One , containing UTC , LT , NS , and two essays; and 27. Anon. "General Announcements , Volume Two , containing BB , AH , Inquiries , Etc." The Richard Wright and Q. Notes restoration of Newsletter, 1 (Spring) , 2-3. material cut by publishers . Announces that James A. Miller is seeking contributors to his 35. Anon. Literature 1990/1991 . proposed volume on teaching NS. Westport , Conn . : Greenwood , pp. 14 , 20. 28. Anon. "History of American Publisher ' s catalog containing Literature : 1940-1960 , " in Benet's notices of J ean - Fr an90 i s Reader's Encyclopedia of American Gounard's The Racial Problem in Literature . Ed. George Perkins , the Works of Richard Wright and Barbara Perkins , and Phillip James Baldwin and Kenet h Leininger. New York : HarperCollins, Kinnamon's 6 Richard Wr i ght pp. 473-475. Bibliography . Mentions briefly W, NS, and BB. 36 . Anon. "Literature Unit Plans." 29 . Anon. Humanities Fall 1991 . English Journal, 80 (September), 12. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, p . 7 . Lists BB and NS among high school Includes a publisher'S lesson plans offered by Teacher's announcement of The Racial Pet Publications , Inc . Problem in the Works of Richard Reprinted 1992 , 1993 Wright and James Baldwin by Jean­ Fran90is Gounard and Joseph J . 37. Anon. "Literature Unit Plans ." Rodgers , Jr . English Journal , 80 (November), 112 . Lists BB among high school lesson 30. Anon. Index to Black plans offered by Teacher's Pet Periodicals : 1989. Boston: G.K. Publications, Inc . Hall , p. 336. Reprinted : 1991, 1992

4 38. Anon. "Literature Unit Plans." Publisher's catalog listing English Journal, 80 (December), 121. paperback editions of NS, BB, Q, Reprint of 1991 UTC, AH, and LD .

39 . Anon. "Michel Fabre." Richard 47. Anon . "Principales publications Wright: Books and Writers." The depuis 1987 des membres de l'equipe Southern Register (Winter), p. 13. ayant r~pondee a notre questionnaire Favorable review. "It serves as a cette date." Afram Newsletter, the key to understanding the Nos . 33-34 (October), pp. 58-69. development, ' the philosophies, Lists items on W by Michel Fabre . and the aesthetics" of W, "and it provides accurate information for 48. Anon. "Proletarian Literature," the study of intertextuality in in Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of his works." American Literature. Ed . George Perkins, Barbara Perkins, and 40. Anon. "Native Son: The Emergence Phillip Leininger. New York: of g New Black Hero. Robert Butler," HarperCollins, pp. 883-884. in G.K. Hall ~ Co./Twayne Publishers Mentions W briefly. New Titles July-September 1991. Boston: G.K. Hall, p . 5. 49 . Anon. "Publications Relating to Publisher's notice. Mississippi." The Journal of Mississippi History , 53 (November), 41. Anon. "A New Tool for Teaching 363-366. Native Son . " The Richard Wright Lists an article on W by Margaret Newsletter, 1 (Fall), 2. Walker. Favorable notice of Robert Butler's Native Son: The 50. Anon . "Recent Publications." The Emergence of g New Black Hero. Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 (Spring), 3. 42. Anon. "1988 Articles." Afro Lists five books and twenty-three Scholar Newsletter, Fall, pp. 23-43. articles "published in the last Lists articles on W by Robert A. three years." Coles, Linda Hamalian, and Linda MacKethan. 51. Anon. "Recent Publications." The Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 (Fall), 43. Anon. "1989 Articles." Afro 3. Scholar Newsletter, Fall, pp. 44-59 . Lists ten books and fifteen Lists articles on W by Margaret articles on or by W. Walker and Patricia Watkins. 52. Anon . "Richard Wright Circle 44 . Anon. "1988 Books." Afro Scholar Membership." The Richard Wright Newsletter, Fall, pp. 1-11. Newsletter, 1 (Spring), 4 . Lists books on W by Harold Bloom, Includes an application form. James H. Evans, Keneth Kinnamon, and C. James Trotman. 53 . Anon. "Richard Wright Is Selected for 'Gallery of Greats' 45. Anon. "1989 Books." Afro Scholar Work." The New York Amsterdam News Newsletter, Fall, pp. 12-22. (5 January), p . 20. Lists a book on W by Joan Urban . Biographical sketch occasioned by his inclusion in "a collection of 46. Anon. "Perennial Library," in portraits commissioned by the Language ~ Literature. New York : Miller Brewing Company." HarperCollins, p.ll . Reprinted: 1991

5 54. Anon. "Richard Wright Works," in "Richard Wright: Daemonic The Library of America Fall 1991. Genius . " New York: The Library of America, pp. [1-2]. 59. Anon . "Twayne's Masterwork Publisher's review explaining Studies," in New Titles in restoration of expurgated Literature. Boston: G.K. Hall, pp. passages and dropped portions. 9-11. Included are LT, UTC , NS, BB, AH, Includes a notice of Robert and Q. Quotes Hemingway Butler's Native Son: The (mistakenly) ' on Wand Henry Louis Emergence of s. New Black Hero Gates, Jr., Roger Rosenblatt, and (p . 10) Julian Bond on this edition. Includes two photographs of W. 60 . Anon . "12 Million Black Voices; Eight Men," in Thunder's Mouth 55. Anon. "Richard Wright's Works Press: Spring 1991. New York : Restored." The Jackson Mississippi Thunder's Mouth Press, p. 19. Advocate (17-23 October), p. lB. Publisher's selected backlist Favorable review of the Library advertisements for reprinted of America edition of W together editions of the two books. with a biographical sketch. Claims that W "singlehandedly 61 . Anon. "Unexpurgated, transformed our nation's Authoritative New Texts." American understanding of racism and its Literature, 63 (December) , page tragic consequences." following 800 . Advertisement for the Library of 56. Anon. "Sample Passages Restored America edition of W with a blurb in the Library of America Edition of by Henry Louis Gates, Jr . Richard Wright's Works." New York: The Library of America, 11 pp . 62. Anon . "Unexpurgated , Prefatory note and restored Authoritative New Texts." The passages in NS and Q . Nation , 253 (9 December), 753. Advertisement for the Library of 57. Anon. "Special Book Offer for America edition. Course Adoption . . . The LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka Reader . " New 63 . Anon. "Unexpurgated, York: Thunder's Mouth Press . Authoritative New Texts . " Publisher's flyer quoting Arnold Transition , No. 54 , p. [188]. Rampersad that Baraka "stands Full-page publisher's notice of with Wheatley, Douglass, Dunbar, the Library of America edition of Hughes, Hurston, Wright and W. Ellison as one of the eight figures .. . who have significantly 64. Anon. Untitled . Oxherding Tale affected the course of African­ by Charles Johnson. New York : Grove American literary culture . " Wiedenfeld, back cover. Places the Johnson novel "in the 58. Anon. "Studying the African­ best tradition of Richard Wright American Experience at NU: A and Ralph Ellison. " Retrospective." Afro Chronicles, 1 (Spring), pp. 4-8. 65. Anon. "Upcoming Conferences . " Reports a visit by Margaret The Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 Walker Alexander to Np rtheastern (Spring), 2 . University , 27 October-5 November Announces conference on "African 1989, including a presentation on Americans and Europe" to be held

6 in Paris on 5-9 February 1992 . quotes Faulkner on W, and Notes special interest of this mentions EM. conference for W scholars. 72 . Bair, Barbara. "Wall , Cheryl A., 66. Appleby, Bruce C., Greg Johnson, ed . Changing Our Words: Essays on and Robert M. Taylor. "Yet Another Criticism, Theory, and Writing Qy Old Standard: HBJ's Adventures Black Women." Studies in the Novel , Series." English Journal, 80 23 (Winter), 514-518 . (November), 93-96. Mentions briefly Bigger's murder Mentions W briefly (p. 94). of Bessie in NS (p . 517).

67. Asante, Molefi K., and Mark T. 73 . Baker, Houston A., Jr. Workings Mattson. The Historical and Cultural of the Spirit: The Poetics of Afro­ Atlas of African Americans . New American Women's Writing . Chicago: York: Macmillan, pp. 107, 114, 146. The University of Chicago Press, pp . Mentions briefly W, NS, and BB. 26, 41 , 102, 105-130, 137, 142, 144, Includes two photographs. 208. Reprinted: 1992 Pages 105-130 are a revised version of 1990. Elsewhere W is 68. Avery, Evelyn. "Remembrances of mentioned briefly. Malamud," in Conversations with Bernard Malamud . Ed. Lawrence 74. Baldwin, Lewis V. There ~ £ Lasher . Jackson: University Press of Balm in Gilead: The Cultural Roots Mississippi, pp . 145-151 . of Martin Luther King. Jr . Mentions W briefly (p . 145). Minneapolis : Fortress Press, pp. 45 , ·6l. 69. Axelrod, Rise B., and Charles R. Mentions W briefly . Cooper. "Narrating," in their The St. Martin's Guide to Writing. Third 75. Baraka, Amiri. "Jimmy!" in The edition. New York : St. Martin's LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka Reader . Ed . Press, pp. 417-428. William J. Harris. New York : Reprint of 1986 Thunder's Mouth Press, pp . 450-456 . Eulogy of James Baldwin 70. Babb, Valerie Melissa. Ernest mentioning W briefly (p. 453). Gaines. Boston: Twayne, pp . 112-113, 148-149, 157. 76 . Barnet , Sylvan . "Richard Introducing her chapter on 6 Wright ," in his The Harper Anthology Gathering of Old Men, Babb quotes of Fiction. New York: HarperCollins, from "How 'Bigger' Was Born" and pp. 789-790. comments on the theme of self­ Biographical headnote to "The Man realization through violence in Who Was Almost a Man . " NS . The bibliography includes NS , comparing Bigger to Gaines's 77. Barrett, Lindon. "Speaking of black male characters. Failure: Undergraduate Education and Intersection of African-American 71. Bailey, Frankie Y. Out of the Literature and Critical Theory." Woodpile: Black Characters in Crime Callaloo, 14 (Summer), 619-630. and Detective Fiction. Westport, Quotes the passage from BB in Conn . : Greenwood Press, pp. 59-62, which W insults his grandmother 68, 108, 149, 181. (p . 624). Discusses NS consider\ ng Bigger a "caricature . . . black monster" 78 . Barton, Paul . "Censoring at (p.61) . Compares W to Twain, 'All-Time' High." Little Rock

7 Arkansas Gazette (29 August) , p . 3A . Phillips recalls r eadi ng W a t Mentions NS as one of the books Oxford (p.58l) and acknowledges in American schools challenged by W' s influence : "he was a man who would-be censors. really made me feel l i ke I want ed to write after reading Native 79. Bawer , Bruce. "Race and Art: The Son" (p . 591). BB is "a work of Career of J ames Baldwin." The New great, consummate genius" Criterion, 10 (November) , pp. 16-26 . (p . 59l). Comments on Baldwin's criticism of W. 86. Bergman, David . Gaiety Reprinted: 1993 Transfigured: Gay Self­ Representation in American 80. Baxter, Karen. "An On-Going Literature . Madison : The University Dialogue with George Bass." The of Wisconsin Press , pp. 164, 184 . Langston Hughes Review, 9/10, 69-81 . Mentions briefly Wand BB. Bass mentions briefly "The Man Who Lived Underground" (p . 75) . 87 . Berry, J . Bill. "Introduction," in his Home Ground: Southern 81. Beach, Richard, and James Autobiography . Columbia : University Marshall. Teaching Literature in the of Missouri Press, pp. 1-10. Secondary School . San Diego: Mentions briefly BB (p . 8). Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp . 201, 444 , 448 , 449, 450 , 452. 88. Betts , Doris . "Many Souths and Mentions briefly Wand "The Man Broadening Scale : A Changing Who Was Almost a Man , " NS, Q, BB , Southern Literature," in The Future and AH. South : 6 Historical Perspective for the Twenty-First Century. Ed. Joe P . 82. Beauvoir , Simone de . Letters to Dunn and Howard L. Preston . Urbana : Sartre . Ed . and trans. Quintin University of Illinois Press , pp. Hoare. New York : Arcade , pp. 417 , 158-187 . 419, 420-421 , 423, 425 , 426, 430, Mentions briefly W, Mencken, and 433, 455 , 456 . NS (pp. 158, 185). Partial translation of 1990 89. Blades, John. "The Uncut Vision 83. Bell, Bernard W. "The African­ of Richard Wright . " Chicago Tribune , American Literary Tradition , " in (7 October), Tempo sec . , pp. 1, 7 . Encyclopedia of Literature and Favorable rev iew of the Library Criticism . Ed. Martin Coy le , Peter of Am e rica edition of W. Garside , Malcolm Kelsall , and John Discusses at length the deletions Peck . Detroit: Gale , pp . 1136-1147 . in NS , wondering why W did not Reprint of 1990 protest them. At conclusion quotes Ne lson Algren on W's 84. "Ellison, Ralph," in The enduring quality . Reader's Companion to American Partially reprinted: 1991 History . Ed . Eric Foner and John A. Garraty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 90. Blair-, Linda . "Developing pp. 349-350. Student Voices with Multicultural Mentions W briefly. Literature . " English Journal, 80 (December), 24-28 . 85. Bell, C. Rosalind . "Worlds Mentions and comments on BB (pp. Within : An Interview wi th Caryl 24 , 26). Phillips." Callaloo, 14 ('G ummer) , 578-606. 91. Blau, Eleanor. "After 51 Years ,

8 You Can Finally Read Uncut 'Native 97. ___ . "Richard Wright," in her Son.'" The Bremerton Sun (21 The Essay Connection : Readings for September), p. 4 . Writers. Third edition. Lexington, Partial reprint of 1991 Mass .: D.C. Heath, p. 449. Reprint of 1988 92. "The Works of Richard Wright, as Written." The New York 98. Boelhower, William. "The Making Times (28 August), p. Cll. of Ethnic Autobiography in the Favorable prepublication review United States," in American of the Library of America edition Autobiography: Retrospect and of W, with explanation of Prospect. Ed. Paul John Eakin. restored cuts in NS, BB, LT, and Madison: The University of Wisconsin Q. Includes comments by Arnold Press , pp. 123-141. Rampersad and Hanna M. States that Carlos Bulosan Bercovitch. modeled his America Is in the Reprinted: 1991 Heart after "Wright's fictionally explored protest vision" (p. 93 . Bloom, Lynn Z. "Coming of Age in 130) . the Segregated South : Autobiographies of Twentieth-Century 99. Bok, Sissela . Alva Myrdal: ~ Childhoods, Black and White," in Daughter's Memoir. Reading, Mass.: Home Ground: Southern Autobiography. Addison-Wesley, p. 135. Ed. J . Bill Berry. Columbia: States that W was a frequent University of Missouri Press, pp. visitor to the Myrdal household 1l0-122. in New York as work was beginning Mentions briefly BB (pp. 112) and on An American Dilemma. compares it to Anne Moody's Coming of Age in Mississippi (p . 100. Boldridge, Effie J. "Harold 119) . Bloom, ed. Bigger Thomas." CLA Journal, 35 (December), 252-257. 94. ___ . "Content, Strategies/ Favorable review summarizing the Structures, Language," in her The argument of each of the twenty­ Essay Connection: Readings for one essays and extracts in the Writers. Third edition. Lexington, collection. Mass.: D.C. Heath, pp. 170-171. Study notes to a reprint of 1985. 101. Boyer, Allen D. "James R. 139. Giles. Confronting the Horror: The Novels of Nelson Algren; George 95. ___ . "Content, Strategies/ Hendrick, ed. To Reach Eternity: The Structures, Language, For Writing," Letters of James Joyce." Modern in her The Essay Connection : Fiction Studies, 37 (Summer), 266- Readings for Writers . Third edition. 267. Lexington, Mass .: D.C . Heath , pp. Review mentioning W briefly . 459-460. Reprint of 1988 102 . Breitwieser, Mitchell. "Early American Antigone," in Theorizing 96. "Linda Peterson," in her American Literature: Hegel. The The Essay Connection: Readings for Sign. and History. Ed . Bainard Cowan Writers. Third edition. Lexington, and Joseph G. Kronick. Baton Rouge : Mass . : D. C. Heath, pp. 151-152. Louisiana State University Press, Headnote to a reprint of 1985. pp . l25-l6l. 139. ' Mentions briefly Bigger and NS (p. l48n) .

9 103. ___ . "The Great Gatsby: in the Work of Henry Adams, William Grief, Jazz and the Eye-Witness." James. and Gertrude Stein. New Arizona Quarterly, 47 (Autumn), 17- Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 70. 266, 353, 403-408, 425, 480. Contains a paragraph commenting Examines the W-Stein on NS as a "counterpoint text" to relationship, analyzing W's Fitzgerald's novel (p. 53). review of Wars I Have Seen and paraphrasing extensively from W's 104. [Budd, Louis). "Brief Mention." letters to her. Bush concludes American Literature, 63 (March), that the relation was "a fruitful 172-185. one and helped make a bridge Includes a favorable notice of between two people of very Michel Fabre's Richard Wright: different ideological Books ~ Writers (p.183). convictions, but with a clear common cause of describing the 105. Burkett, Randall K., Nancy Hall new world of twentieth-century Burkett, and Henry Louis Gates, Jr. society" (p. 408). Black Biography. 1790-1950: ~ Cumulative Index. Vol. 2. 109. Butler, Robert. Native Son: The Alexandria, Va.: Chadwyck-Healey, p. Emergence of E New Black Hero . 671. Boston: Twayne, xiv + 133 pp. The entry for W cites eight After a chronology of W's life sources. and chapters on the cultural background, importance, and 106. Burns, Landon C., and Elizabeth critical reception of NS, Butler Buckmaster. "The Seventeenth (1990) provides an intensive, original Supplement to a Cross-Referenced reading of the novel (pp. 27-118) Index of Short Fiction Anthologies with chapters on setting, and Author-Title Listings . " Studies structure, characterization, in Short Fiction, 28 (Spring) , 239- point of view, tone, and theme . A 291. selected, annotated bibliography Lists one item on "Big Black Good is also included. Butler's Man" and four items on "The Man reading argues that Bigger moves Who Was Almost a Man." from victimization by a hostile racist environment through a 107. Busby, Mark . Ralph Ellison. psychological process of Boston: Twayne, pp . xiii, 8, 10, 12, increasing self-understanding to 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 65, 69, 78, 87- the status of a black existential 92, 95, 124, 128, 129, 133, 134, hero, master of his consciousness 140, 143. if not his circumstances. In NS W Discusses the W-Ellison "achieved the originality, depth, relationship, both personal and and resonance of a genuine literary, quoting from some of masterwork" (p . 118). Ellison's early letters. Invisible Man is deeply indebted 110. Byerman, Keith. "Remembering to "The Man Who Lived History in Contemporary Black Underground," but Ellison has a Literature and Criticism." American "distinctly different vision" Literary History, 3 (Winter), 809- (p.92). Also discusses Ellison's 816. treatment of W in his essays. Mentions W briefly (p. 810).

108. Bush, Clive. Halfway\ to 111. Cain, William E. "The Ethics of Revolution: Investigation and Crisis Criticism: Does Literature Do Any

10 Good?" College English, 53 (April), 116. Carter, Stephen L. Reflections 467-476. of an Affirmative Action Baby. New Includes a comparison of John York: Basic Books, p. 241. Stuart Mill and W on the impact Mentions W briefly. of their reading (p. 469) . 117 . Cashman, Sean Dennis. African­ 112. Campbell, James. Talking at the Americans and the Quest for Civil Gates: a Life of James Baldwin. New Rights. 1900-1990. New York: New York: Viking, pp. 20, 21, 22-23, 29- York University Press, pp. 66-68, 32, 37, 40, 44-45, 52-53, 62-71, 73, 96. 87, 93-94, 105, 107-108, 111, 112, Mentions briefly UTC, TMBV, and 125, 129-130, 131, 139, 141, 144- BP. Devotes four paragraphs to 145, 154, 201, 204-205, 265, 281. NS, a novel "about the social, Narrates Baldwin's early psychological, and physical admiration of W, the first incarceration of the marginal meeting in Brooklyn and the early man, Bigger Thomas" (p. 67) . friendship, the renewal of the friendship when Baldwin moved to 118 . Chakovsky, Sergei. "The Work of Paris, the quarrel over the Zero Richard Wright in Soviet Literary essay and the encounter in the Criticism." Notes on Mississippi Deux Magots in 1953 (with an Writers , 23 (June), 85-100. extended quotation from W's Treats the W criticism of Isidor unpublished account of the Schneider, S . Vostokova, V. episode). Campbell mentions Nevelsky, V. Barsov, I. Beilin, elsewhere NS (novel and play), E. Romanova, A. Startzev, T. TMBV, and W. Rokotov, M. Mendelson, Louisa Bashmakova, Chakovsky himself, 113 . Campbell, James. "The Wright Aleskei M. Zvergev, Tamara Version," London Times Literary Denisova, and Boris Gilenson, Supplement (13 December), p . 14 . while listing that of fourteen Unfavorable review of the Library others. Soviet criticism of W of America edition of W. Lacking became less political over the evidence that W was dissatisfied years. with changes made between proofs and first editions of NS and BB, 119 . Charry, Ellen T. "Literature as Campbell objects to restoring Scripture: Privileged Reading in passages in these new texts . Current Religious Reflection." Soundings, 74 (Spring/Summer), 65- 114. Campbell, Jane. "Margaret 99. Walker," in African American Discusses James Evans's Writers. Ed. Valerie Smith. New discussion of NS (pp . 87, 89-90). York: Scribner's, pp . 459-471. Discusses Walker's friendship 120 . Christian , Barbara. "Paule with Wand her biography of him , Marshall , " in African American pointing out some of its defects Writers. Ed. Valerie Smith. New (pp. 461, 467-468) . York: Scribner's, pp . 289-304. Mentions briefly BB (p. 292). 115. Carlton-Alexander, Sandra . "Arna Bontemps : The Novelist 121 . Christol, H~lene and Sylvie Revisted." CLA Journal, 34 (March), Math~. An Introduction to American

317-330. \ Fiction. Paris: Longman France, pp. Quotes approvingly from W's 108, 113-116, 134, 135, 147, 183. review of Black Thunder (p. 328) . Contains a biographical sketch

11 relating W to racial history and W-Baldwin relationship in commenting on BB, AH, UTC, NS, biographies of the latter by Fern and Q, followed by a passage from Maria Eckman and W. J . Weatherby. the opening scene of NS (pp. 113- 116). Elsewhere the authors 128. Cook, Sylvia Jenkins . Erskine comment on Q and "The Man Who Caldwell and the Fiction of Poverty : Lived Underground" .and mention W The Flesh and the Spirit. Baton in various contexts. Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, pp. 84, 143, 266, 271. 122. Clark, VAv' A. "Developing Mentions UTC and cites W's review Diaspora Literary and Marasa of Trouble in July. Consciousness," in Comparative American Identities: Race. Sex. and 129. Cooper, Wayne F. "Claude Nationality in the Modern Text. New McKay," in African American Writers. York : Routledge, pp. 40-61. Ed. Valerie Smith. New York: Mentions briefly Bigger Thomas Scribner's, pp. 305-319. (p.42). Mentions W briefly (p. 305)

123. Clark, William Bedford. The 130 . Cox, James M. "Beneath My American Vision of Robert Penn Father's Name." The Sewanee Review, Warren. Lexington: The University 99 (Summer), 412-433. Press of Kentucky, p. 63. Discusses Faulkner, mainly Light Mentions NS briefly. in August, and W, mainly NS, as Southern writers. Notes W's 124. Cobb, James C. "Does Mind No relation to Dreiser, Poe, and Longer Matter?: The Mind of the Dostoevsky as well as Faulkner . South, 1941-l99l." The Journal of In the reiterated phrase "I'm all Southern History, 57 (November), right" in the final scene of NS, 681-718 . Cox believes, W is implying that Quotes briefly from BB (p. 697). he is Bigger's father and that Bigger is all Wright (p . 424). 125. Colter, Cyrus . "Cyrus Colter Reprinted : 1991 Speaking with Charles Johnson and Reginald Gibbons on January 19, 131 . . "Beneath My Father's 1991." Ca11a100, 14 (Fall), 887-897. Name," in Horne Ground: Southern Recalls meeting W in Chicago in Autobiography. Ed. J. Bill Berry. 1940 through Horace Cayton. W was Columbia: University of Missouri unmoved by Marian Anderson's Press, pp. 13-30. rendition of "A City Called Reprint of 1991 Heaven" (pp . 887-893). 132 . Crews, Frederick . "The Strange 126. ___ " "Cyrus Colter Speaking Fate of William Faulkner . " The New with Fred Shafer in February 1991 . " York Review of Books, 38 (7 March), Callaloo, 14 (Fall), 864-886. 47-52. Colter expresses admiration for W Mentions W briefly (p. 48). (p. 874). Reprinted: 1992

127. Compliment, Anne. "Baldwin, 133 . Cross, Gil ton Gregory. "Fought James (Arthur)," in St. James Guide for It and Paid Taxes Too." to Biography. Ed. Paul E. Callaloo, 14 (Fall), 855-861. Schellinger. Chicago and London : St. Interview with Cyrus Colter in James Press , pp. 42-43. \ 1974. Colter expresses Comments on the treatment of the admiration for W (pp. 857, 859).

12 134. Cross, William E., Jr. Shades 140. ___ . "Margaret Walker of Black: Diversity in African­ (1915- )," in their The New American Identity. Philadelphia: Cavalcade: African American Writing Temple University Press, p. 37 . from 1760 to the Present . Vol . 1 . Mentions briefly Bigger Thomas . Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, pp. 827-828. 135. Crowley, John W. "Unmastering Lists The Daemonic Genius of All We Survey." ADE Bulletin, No. Richard Wright . 100 (Winter), pp . 31-34. Mentions teaching NS in relation l4l. ___ . "Ralph Ellison , " in to Light in August and The their The New Cavalcade: African Street. American Writing from 1760 to the Present. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C .: 136. Davis, Arthur P . "Survival Howard University Press , pp. 888- Techniques as Expressed in Afro­ 889 . American Literature," in The New Bio-bibliographical headnote to Cavalcade: African American Writing an excerpt from Invisible Man and from 1760 to the Present. Ed. Arthur "Hidden Name and Complex Fate" P. Davis, J. Saunders Redding, and mentioning W briefly . Joyce Ann Joyce. Vol. 1 . Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, pp. 142. . "Samuel W. Allen (Paul 673-688. Vesey~n their The New Cavalcade : Contains a paragraph on Q. African American Writing from 1760 to the Present. Vol. 1. Washington, 137. Davis, Arthur P., and J . D.C .: Howard University Press, pp. Saunders Redding. "The New Negro 866-867 . Renaissance and Beyond: 1910-1954 ," Mentions W briefly. in The New Cavalcade: African American Writing from 1760 to the 143 . "Selected Bibliography," Present. Ed. Arthur P . Davis, J. in their The New Cavalcade : African Saunders Redding, and Joyce Ann American Writing from 1760 to the Joyce. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C .: Present. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C . : Howard University Press, pp. 321- Howard University Press, pp. 925- 329. 962. Reprint of 1971.82 . Includes items by and about W.

138 . Davis, Arthur P., J . Saunders 144. Davis, Thadious M. "Race and Redding, and Joyce Ann Joyce. Region," in The Columbia History of "Chester B. Himes," in their The New the American Novel . Ed . Emory Cavalcade: African American Writing Elliott. New York: Columbia from 1760 to the Present . Vol. 1. University Press, pp . 407-436 . Washington, D. C.: Howard University Mentions briefly Wand "The Man Press , pp . 759-760 . Who Killed a Shadow" (pp. 430- Mentions W briefly. 431) before discussing W's career, emphasizing BB, NS, LT, 139. "Dorothy West (1912- and LD and mentioning UTC, EM, )," in their The New Cavalcade: and SH. Davis focuses on W's African American Writing from 1760 attack on white racism and his to the Present. Vol. 1. Washington, fictional black mothers and D.C.: Howard University Press, p. fathers (pp.432-436). 786. Mentions W briefly. 145. Dawley, Alan. Struggles for Justice: Social Responsibility and

13 the Liberal State . Cambridge, Mass.: University of Pennsylvania Press , The Belknap Press of Harvard pp. 1-3, 31, 35, 94 , 101-135, 137- University Press, pp. 330, 346. 149, 151, 153, 157, 163-165, 178, Comments briefly on "Down by the 187, 190, 192, 202-206. Riverside" and mentions BB. Chapter 4, "Runaway Son: Richard Wright," is a substantial 146. DeParie, Jason. "Poor Need a treatment of BB and AH, Dickens to Tell Their Story." Little emphasizing the themes of fear Rock Arkansas Gazette (15 and alienation . Here and September), p . ic. elsewhere Dudley makes numerous Mentions W briefly . comparisons of W to Douglass, Washington , Du Bois, Baldwin, 147. De Weever, Jacqueline. Cleaver, and Malcolm X. The Mythmaking and Metaphor in Black general thesis of Women's Fiction. New York: St. intergenerational conflict draws Martin's Press, pp. 5, 96, 154. on Freud and Harold Bloom. Mentions briefly "The Man Who Lived Underground" and comments 152. Durczak, Jerzy. "Timothy Dow on NS. Adams . --Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography . " Revue 148 . Diawara, Manthia, and Phyllis Francaise d'etudes americaines," No . R. Klotman . "Ganja and Hess: 47 (February), pp. 98-99 . Vampires, Sex, and Addictions." Review mentioning W briefly . Black American Literature Forum, 25 (Summer), 299-314 . 153 . Eagles , Brenda M. "A Quotes James Monaco comparing the Bibliography of Dissertations film Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Related to Mississippi--1990." The Song to NS. Journal of Mississippi History , 53 (February), 51-56. 149. Dickstein, Morris, William Lists a dissertation on W, Chinua Phillips, Jean Bethke Elshtain and Achebe , and George Lamming by Joe Flynn, "The Crisis in Our Khaliquzzaman M. Elias . Culture." Partisan Review, 58 (Spring) , 192-226 . 154 . Early , Gerald. "Introduction," Dickstein and Flynn mention W in his My Soul's High Song : The briefly (pp. 218, 225). Collected Writings of Countee Cullen. Voice of the Harlem 150. Diedrich, Maria. "James A. Renaissance. New York: Doubleday, Baldwin--Obituaries for a Black pp. 1-73. Ishmael," in James Baldwin: His Mentions W briefly (p . 53) . Place in American Literary History and His Reception in Europe. Ed . 155. Elliott, Emory. "Introduction," Jakob K~llhofer. Frankfurt am Main: in his The Columbia History of the Peter Lang , pp . 129-l40. American Novel. New York: Columbia Discusses the W-Baldwin University Press, pp. ix-xviii. relationship in the context of Mentions W briefly (p. xvii). intraracial intellectual politics. 156 . Elliott, Joan C. "Race and Ethnicity in the Curriculum." New 151. Dudley, David L. My Father's Directions , 18 (Spring), 16-17. Shadow : Intergenerational Conflict Mentions W briefly. in African American Men' s Autobiography. Philadelphia : 157. Erickson, Stephanie, and

14 Deborah Hatheway. "Biographies of Paris: Hardship and Romance," in American Authors , " in The Columbia James Baldwin: His Place in American History of the American Novel. New Literary History and His Reception York: Columbia University Press , pp . in Europe . Ed . Jakob KB11hofer . 753-820. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, pp . The W entry mentions briefly NS, 45-56 . BB, UTC, Q, SH, LD, and EM (p. Mentions W briefly (pp . 45, 56) . 820). 162. "James Campbell. Talking 158 . Fabre , Michel. "B1yden Jackson . at the Gates . a Life of James a History of Afro-American Baldwin." Afram Newsletter, Nos. 33- Literature . Volume ~ The Long 34 (October) , pp. 30 - 31. Beginning. 1746-1895." Afram Review mentioning briefly W's Newsletter, Nos. 33-34 (October), p. response to "Everybody's Protest 27. Novel." Favorable review mentioning the parallel Jackson draws between W 163. "The Literary Griot." and the attorney Charles Houston. Afram Newsletter, Nos . 33-34 (October), p . 38. 159 . From Harlem to Paris: Mentions W briefly. Black American Writers in France . 1840-1980. Urbana: University of 164. Feaster, John . "James Baldwin Illinois Press, pp. 5, 6, 7, 53, and the Village of Modernism." The 166 , 167-169, 175-193, 195 , 198, Cresset , 54 (January) , 4-8 . 202, 204, 206, 207, 208, 215 , 218, Includes comment on the W- E11ison 219, 223, 224, 228 , 239 , 240 , 242 , relation and discussion of that 243, 249 , 250 , 251, 252 , 271, 273, between W ("the documentary 279, 280, 283, 296, 298, 299, 301, social realist" ) and Baldwin 303, 305, 306 , 343 . ("the modern subjective Chapter 12, "Richard Wright , An formalist"). Intellectual in Exile , " treats his first trip to France and his 165. Filene, Benjamin. "'Our Singing subsequent residence there . Among Country' : John and Alan Lomax, matters treated are his initial Leadbelly, and the Construction of response, his relations with an American Past." American French intellectuals and with the Quarterly , 43 (December) , 602-624 . negritude group, his involvement Quotes W on Leadbelly (pp . 611 , with RDR and anticolonial 622 ) . politics , and his continuing interest in American racial 166 . Fitz , Earl E. Rediscovering the affairs . Numerous brief New World : Inter-American Literature references to W relate to a in g Comparative Context. Iowa City: variety of contexts . University of I owa Press , p . 166 . Mentions briefly NS. 160. . "Houston A. Baker. Workings of the Spirit. The Poetics 167 . Folks, Jeffrey J . "Ernest of Afro-American Women's Writing . " Gaines and the New South." The Afram Newsletter, Nos . 33-34 Southern Literary Journal, 24 (October), pp . 31-32 . (Fall) , 32-46 . Review mentioning the work's Notes W's "bitterly ironic treatment of TMBW. response to the 'New South'" (p.33) . 161. "James Baldwin in Reprinted : 1993

15 168. Foster, Edward . "Poems, Made or African American Writers. Ed. Found?" American Book Review, 13 Valerie Smith . New York: Scribner's , (April-May), pp . 8-9. pp. 361- 377 . Mentions briefly W as poet in a Comments on Reed's signifying on review of Cary Nelson's W's naturalism (pp. 363, 364, Repression and Recovery : Modern 371), mentioning BB and NS. American Poetry and the Politics of Cultural Memory. 1910-1945. 175. ___ . "Richard Wright," in his Bearing Witness: Selections from 169. Foster, Fr~nces Smith . "Parents African-American Autobiography in and Children in Autobiography by the Twentieth Century. New York: Southern Afro-American Writers," in Pantheon, p. 38 . Home Ground: Southern Autobiography. Biographical caption to a Ed. J. Bill Berry. Columbia: photograph of W preceding "The University of Missouri Press, pp. Ethics of Living Jim Crow." 98-109. Mentions briefly BB (p. 108). 176. Gibson, Richard. "Richard Wright." The London Times Literary 170. Freccero, Carla . "June Jordan," Supplement, No. 4588 (8 March), p . African American Writers. Ed. 13. Valerie Smith . New York: Scribner's, Responds to Julia Wright's letter pp. 245-261. to the editor by attributing the Mentions briefly Jordan's essay belief that he was involved in on Wand Hurston (p . 252) . W's death to "various Communist sympathizers." Emphasizes W's 171. Freese , Peter. "Some Remarks on rejection of Communism and his the Reception of James Baldwin's adherence to Pan-Africanism. Work in the Federal Republic of Germany," in James Baldwin: His 177. Gilyard, Keith . Voices of the Place in American Literary History Self: ~ Study of Language and His Reception in Europe. Ed. Competence. Detroit : Wayne State Jakob K6llhofer. Frankfurt am Main: University Press, p . 113. Peter Lang, pp. 11-32. Notes the opposition of Marva Mentions W briefly (p . ll). Co1lins to BB .

172. [Frick, Judie) . "A Soviet View 178 . Glazer, Nathan. "In Defense of of William Faulkner and Richard Multiculturalism . " The New Republic, Wright." Fayetteville: University of 205 (2 September), 18-20, 22 . Arkansas. Mentions W briefly (p. 19) . Flyer announcing a lecture by Sergei Chakovsky of the Gorky 179. Glover, David. "John Clellon Institute of World Literature Holmes, Displaced Person: The Travel delivered on 19 April. Essays; Representative Men : The Biographical Essays; and Passionate 173. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Opinions : The Cultural Essays." "Introduction: On Bearing Witness," Journal of American Studies, 25 in his Bearing Witness: Selections (August), 272-273. from African-American Autobiography Review mentioning briefly NS. in the Twentieth Century. New York : Pantheon, pp . 3-9 . 180. Gordon, Mary. "Good Boys and Mentions briefly BB (p.4). Dead Girls," in her Good Boys and Dead Girls and Other Essays. New 174. "Ishmael Reed," in York: Viking, pp. 3-23.

16 Mentions Bigger's murders of two Place in American Literary History women in NS (p . 17) . and His Reception in Europe. Ed. Jakob KBllhofer. Frankfurt am Main: l8l. Graham, Maryemma. "Butler­ Peter Lang, pp. 33-43. Evans, Elliott. Race. Gender. and Mentions briefly Wand NS (pp. Desire: Narrative Strategies in the 33, 34, 35, 36). Fiction of Toni Cade Bambara. Toni Morrison. and Alice Walker." Studies 188. Hakutani, Yoshinobu. "Two on in American Fiction, 19 (Spring), Wright." The Mississippi Quarterly, 120-122. . 44 (Fall), 491-497. Mentions W briefly . Review of Eugene E. Miller's Voice of g Native Son : The 182. Graham, Maryemma, and Jerry W. Poetics of Richard Wright and Ward, Jr. "Letter from the Editors." Keneth Kinnamon's New Essays QD The Richard Wright Newsletter, 1 Native Son. (Fall), 1. Reviews activities pertaining to 189. Hakutani, Yoshinobu, and Toru W during the past year and Kiuchi. "The Critical Reception of announces forthcoming activities . James Baldwin in Japan: An Annotated Bibliography." Black American 183. Grant, Nathan. "Delta Scalene: Literature Forum, 25 (Winter), 753- A Passage through Mississippi 779 . Triangle." Black American Literature Contains 195 items, including 19 Forum, 25 (Summer), 409-416. mentioning W. Mentions W briefly (p . 410) . 190. Hall, Donald, and D.L. Emblen. 184. Greenberg, Cheryl Lynn. "Or "Considerations," in their a Does It Explode?": Black Harlem in Writer's Reader. Sixth edition. New the Great Depression . New York: York: HarperCollins, pp. 537-538. Oxford University Press, pp. 74, Reprint of 1979.120. 100, 105, 196. Quotes from LT, mentions W's 19l. ___ ' "Richard Wright The membership in the Communist Library Card," in their a Writer's Party, and quotes from TMBV. Reader. Sixth edition. New York: HarperCollins, p . 529. 185. Greenberg, Douglas. "Worlds Reprint of 1979.121. Not Our Own: Centrifugal and Centripetal Forces in the 192. ___ ' "Richard Wright The Humanities." The Massachusetts Library Card," in their Instructor's Review, 32 (Summer), 297-313. Manual to Accompany a Writer's Mentions W briefly (p. 301) . Reader (bound with a Writer's Reader) . New York : HarperCollins, 186. Greenspon, Joanna, ed. pp. 1-158-1-159. Humanities Index April 1990 to March Answers to "Considerations," the 1991. New York: Wilson, pp. 1131- study questions. 1132. Lists two primary and fifteen 193 . Hamalian, Leo. "God's Angry secondary items on W. Man." Black American Literature Forum, 25 (Summer), 417-420. 187. Hajek, Friederike . "Historical Review of the documentary film Aspects of the Reception ~f James James Baldwin: The Price of the Baldwin in the German Democratic Ticket mentioning W. Republic," in James Baldwin: His

17 194. Harding, Vincent. "Back to the 256). Movement (1979-mid-1980's)," in The Eyes Qll the Prize : Civil Rights 200. Hedrick, Joan D. Making Reader. Ed. Clayborne Carson, David American Tradition: Visions and J. Garrow, Gerald Gill, Vincent Revisions from Ben Franklin to Alice Harding, and Darlene Clark Hine. New Walker. By Cushing Strout." The York : Penguin, p. 656-662. Journal of American History, 77 Mentions W briefly (p. 658). (March), 1321-1322. Review praising the treatment of 195. "We 'the People: The Long W. Journey Toward a More Perfect Union," in The Eyes on the Prize: 201. Hernton, Calvin. "Foreword," in Civil Rights Reader. Ed. Clayborne The Collected Stories of Chester Carson, David J. Garrow, Gerald Himes. New York: Thunder's Mouth Gill, Vincent Harding, and Darlene Press, pp. ix-xii. Clark Hine. New York: Penguin, pp. Mentions W briefly (pp. x, xii). 1-34. Mentions W briefly (pp. 23-24) . 202 . Herron, Carolivia. "Introduction," in her Selected 196. Hartman, S.V . and Farah Jasmine Works of Angelina Weld Grimke. New Griffin. "Are You as Colored as that York: Oxford University Press, pp. Negro?: The Politics of Being Seen 3-22. in Julie Dash's Illusions." Black Notes briefly that Grimke American Literature Forum, 25 anticipates W in her depiction of (Summer), 361-373 . violence (p.2l). Includes an epigraph from NS and a brief mention of Bigger (p . 203 . Himes, Chester B. "From The 362). Quality of Hurt," in The New Cavalcade: African American Writing 197. Hatch, James V. "Anthologies of from 1760 to the Present . Ed. Arthur African-American Plays." Black P. Davis, J . Saunders Redding, and American Literature Forum, 25 Joyce Ann Joyce. Vol. 1. Washington, (Spring), 185-192. D.C.: Howard University Press, pp . Lists NS among the plays included 768-785. in James V. Hatch and Ted Shine's Partial reprint of 1972 . 97. Black Theater USA: Forty-Five Plays, 1847-1974. 204. Hinojosa, Rolando . "Foreword: Redefining American Literature," in 198. Hatch, James V. "Introduction: Criticism in the Borderlands: Two Hundred Years of Black and White Studies in Chicano Literature, Drama," in his and Leo Hamalian's Culture, and Ideology. Ed. Hector The Roots of African American Drama: Calderon and Jos~ David Saldivar. An Anthology of Early Plays, 1856- Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 1939. Detroit: Wayne State pp. xi-xv. University Press, pp. 15-37. Mentions W briefly (p. xiv). Comments briefly on the play NS and on "Big Black Good Man." 205. Hobson, Fred . The Southern Writer in the Postmodern World. 199. Heath, Gordon. "Deep Are the Athens : The University of Georgia Roots: Memoirs of a Black Press, pp. 6, 94. Expatriate . " The Massachusetts Mentions briefly Wand BB. Review, 32 (Summer), 230 279. Mentions briefly the play NS (p . 206. "Surveyors and

18 Boundaries: Southern Literature and States" (p. 69) and mentions Southern Literary Scholarship After Kinnamon's article on Wand Mid-Century." The Southern Review, Angelou (p. 72). 27 (October), 739-755. Mentions W briefly (pp. 745, 748, 213. Hunt, Douglas. "Growing Up in 755). America: 10 Lives," in his The Riverside Guide to Writing. Boston: 207. Hooks, Bell, and Cornel West. Houghton Mifflin, p. 96. Breaking Bread: Insurgent Black Includes comment on BB, lOa Intellectual Life. Boston: South End milestone in both social history Press, pp. 55, 173-174. and literature." Mentions W briefly and lists AH, BB, BP, LD, and NS. 214 . Hurd, Myles Raymond. "Between Blackness and Bitonality: Wright's 208. Hord, Fred Lee. Reconstructing 'Long Black Song. '" CLA Journal, 35 Memory: Black Literary Criticism. (September), 42-56. Chicago: Third World Press, p. 23 . Analysis of the "complex double Contains a paragraph on story" focusing on both Silas and "Blueprint for Negro Writing" Sarah. The former is both emphasizing "collectivity cuckold and chauvinist; the regarding social consciousness latter is both victim and and responsibility, perspective, villainess . It "exhibits and theme." problematic disharmonies between technique and theme." 209. Hornsby, Alton, Jr. Chronology of African-American History: 215. Jackson, Blyden . "Introduction: Significant Events and People from A Street of Dreams," in Black 1619 to the Present. Detroit: Gale, Exodus: The Great Migration from the p. 85. American South. Ed. Alferdteen Reprint of 1977. Harrison. Jackso~: University Press of Mississippi, pp . Xi-XVlll. 210. Horton, James Oliver. "In Mentions briefly NS (p. xv). Search of Identity: James Baldwin and the Black American Intellectual 216. Jackson, Walter A. "Between Tradition," in James Baldwin: His Socialism and Nationalism: The Young Place in American Literary History E. Franklin Frazier." and His Reception in Europe. Ed. Reconstruction, I, No.3, 124-134 . Jakob K6llhofer. Frankfurt am Main: Mentions W briefly (p. 133) . Peter Lang, pp. 95-108. Mentions W briefly (p.97). 217. Johnson, Charles. "Black Fiction's Father Figure." Chicago 211. Howe, Irving. "The Value of the Tribune (17 November), Sec. 14, pp. Canon." The New Republic, 204 (18 I, 4. February), 40-44, 46-47. Favorable review of the Library Mentions briefly W's reading of America edition of W with an Dreiser (p . 47). assessment of W's place in African American literature. 212. Hubbard, Dolan. "Society and Analyzes the restored passages in Self in Alice Walker's In Love and NS. Trouble." Obsidian il, 6 (Summer), 50-75. 218. Jones, Gayl. Liberating Voices : Quotes from W's "The Literature Oral Tradition in African American of the Negro in the United Literature. Cambridge, Mass.:

19 Harvard University Press, pp . 30-31, iconoclasm is the source of much 58, 90-91, 105-106, 113, 118-119, of his literary power. Joyce also 134, 146, 152-154, 156, 158-160, praises his creative diversity 188-189, 201. and his "ability to synthesize Quotes from "I Tried to Be a politics and art." Communist," BB, "Blueprint for Negro Writing," and NS; notes W's 222 . [Joyce, Joyce Ann] . "Richard unfavorable response to Zora Wright (1908-1960)," in The New Neale Hurston; contrasts briefly Cavalcade: African American Writing the old man {n Ellison's "Flying from 1760 to the Present. Ed. Arthur Home" to Bigger Thomas; makes a P. Davis, J. Saunders Redding, and brief connection between Wand Joyce Ann Joyce. Vol. 1. Washington, Joyce; and discusses the D.C.: Howard University Press, pp. intertextuality of Alice Walker's 706-707. The Third Life of Grange Copeland Bio-bibliographica1 headnote to and NS. an except from BB and "Bright and Morning Star." 219. Joyce, Joyce A. "Black Woman Scholar, Critic, and Teacher: The 223 . Julien, Claude. "Kenneth Inextricable Relationship Among Kinnamon--New Essays .Q!! Native Son." Race, Sex, and Class," in Revue francaise d'etudes (En)Gendering Knowledge: Feminists americaines, No. 46 (February), pp. in Academe. Ed. Joan E. Hartman and 100-101. Ellen Messer-Davidow. Knoxville: The Favorable brief review University of Tennessee Press, pp. emphasizing the collection's 159-178. emphasis on social discourse. Revised reprint of 1991. 224. Karrer, Wolfgang. "Discursive 220. . "Black Woman Scholar, Strategies in James Baldwin's Critic, and Teacher: The Essays," in James Baldwin: His Place Inextricable Relationship Between in American Literary History and His Race, Sex, and Class." New Literary Reception in Europe. Ed. Jakob History, 22 (Summer), 543-565. K~llhofer. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Mentions W briefly (p. 553) and Lang, pp. 113-128. comments on her Richard Wright's Mentions Wand quotes Baldwin on Art of Tragedy, adding that "the W (pp. 114, 116, 119, 124, 126) . sublimity of NS lies in the inextricable relationship between 225. Kazin, Alfred. "Too Honest for Wright's perceptions of racial His Own Time." The New York Times realities and his adroit skill at Book Review (29 December), pp. 3, shaping his creative vision" (p. 18-19 . 559). Favorable review of the Library Reprinted in revised form: 1991. of American edition of W. "Richard Wright was a most 221. ___ . "Richard Wright," in extraordinary writer, with two African American Writers. Ed. masterpieces to his credit, the Valerie Smith . New York: Scribner's, novel 'Native Son' (1940) and pp. 505-523. 'Black Boy' (1945), that are more Reviews W's life and career, overwhelming today now that they discussing or commenting on all are judged by their literary the books. Emphasizes W's effort power, than they were in a period to give voice to "the \ when it was easy to accept them inexpressibly human . " His as 'news,' shocking and even

20 thrilling." Compares W to Unfavorable review taking issue Dostoevsky, comments on Wand with Miller's emphasis on the Baldwin, and discusses NS. visionary Wand complaining of lack of evidence, awkward 226. "William Faulkner and writing, factual mistakes, and Religion: Determinism, Compassion, typographical errors . and the God of Defeat," in Faulkner and Religion. Ed. Doreen Fowler and 232. Kitt , Eartha . Confession of E Ann J. Abadie. Jackson: University Sex Kitten. Fort Lee, N.J.: Press of Mississippi, pp. 3-20. Barricade Books, p. 63. Comments on Faulkner's attitude Mentions briefly conversations toward Wand quotes from "The Man with W in Paris . Who Went to Chicago." 233. Kiuchi, Toru. "Richard Wright's 227. Kelly, Lionel. "American Native Son: The Film and the Novel," Literature: The Twentieth Century," in Film ~ Society : Proceedings of in The Year's Work in English the Eighth Annual Kent State Studies. Vol. 69. Oxford : Basil University International Film Blackwell, pp. 583-624 . Conference, April, 7-18. 1990. Ed. Mentions W briefly (p . 606). Douglas Radcliff-Ulmstead. Kent, Ohio: Department of Romance 228 . Kennedy, Randall . "'Keep the Languages, Kent State University , Nigger Down!': The Age of pp. 62 -68. Segregation in Mississippi." Compares the 1951 and 1986 film Reconstruction, I, No.3, 115-136. versions of NS, reviews the Review of Neil McMillen's Dark critical response to the latter, Journey citing an incident in BB and analyzes differences between (p. 117). it and the novel emphasizing producer Diane Silver's effort to 229. Kinnamon, Keneth. "Hemingway , reach whites and blacks who had Wright, and the Forge of Injustice." not read the book and did not The Richard Wright Newsletter , 1 know each other. (Fall) , 3. Corrects an error on the dust 234 . Kostelanetz, Richard . Politics jacket of the Library of America in the African-American Novel: James edition of W by showing that Weldon Johnson. hi..:.. L.. !L Du Bois, Hemingway did not have W in mind Richard Wright . and Ralph Ellison. when he wrote that "writers are Westport , Conn. : Greenwood Press, forged in injustice as a sword is pp. 3, 5, 66, 69-108, 113, 140, 153 , forged . " 154 , 155 . Reprints 1969.150 (pp . 69-105) , 230. "Three Black Writers and comments on Wand Ellison (pp. the Anthologized Canon." American 107-108), and mentions elsewhere Literary Realism , 23 (Spring), 42- NS, BB , Q, EM, and "The Man Who 5l. Lived_Underground . " Mentions briefly W (pp. 47, 48, 49) and "Between the World and 235 . Kramer, Hilton . "Thinking About Me" (p . 48). 'The Forties . '" The New Criterion, 9 (May), 4-8. 231. . "Voice of E Native Son: Mentions W briefly (p. 8). The Poetics of Richard Wright. By Eugene E. Miller . " Ameri~a n 236. Kramer, Victor A. Agee and Literature, 63 (December), 762-764 . Actuality : Artistic Vision in His

21 Work. Troy, N.Y.: Whitston, p. 164. HarperCollins, pp. 62-63 . Mentions W briefly. Biographical sketch mentioning Baldwin's essays on W. 237. Kriegel, Leonard. "Summer Dreams." The Sewanee Review, 99 244 . Lemann, Nicholas. The Promised (Spring), 202-211. Land. New York: Knopf, pp. 46, 51- Mentions W briefly (p . 205) . 52, 78, 344. Notes the influence of NS on 238. Kubitschek, Missy Dehn. Aaron Henry and quotes from TMBV. Claiming the Heritage: African­ American Women Novelists and 245 . Litwack, Leon F . "Hellhound on History. Jackson: University Press My Trail: Race Relations in the of Mississippi, pp. xxi, 53, 91. South from Reconstruction to the Mentions "Big Boy Leaves Home," Civil Rights Movement," in Opening notes W's criticism of Zora Neale Doors: Perspectives Qn Race Hurston, and quotes Shirley Anne Relations in Comtemporary America. Williams on BB. Ed. Harry J. Knopke, Robert J. Norrell, and Ronald W. Rogers. 239. Kutzinski, Vera M. "The Life of Tuscaloosa : The University of Langston Hughes. By Arnold Alabama Press, pp. 3-25 . Rampersad." The Journal of American Quotes BB on the threat of white History, 78 (September), 701-702. violence and the rebellion it Review mentioning W briefly. provoked in some blacks (pp. 17, 18-19). 240. Lamar , Jake. Bourgeois Blues: An American Memoir. New York: Summit 246. Longest, George C. , et al, "A Books, p. 65. Checklist of Scholarship on Southern Mentions W briefly . Literature for 1990." The Mississippi Ouarterly, 44 241. Lauter, Paul . "American (Supplement), 1-213 . Proletarianism," in The Columbia Lists twenty-nine items on Wand History of the American Novel. Ed. cross-references to thirty-nine Emory Elliott. New York: Columbia other items dealing partially University Press, pp. 331-356. with W. Mentions W briefly (p. 344), comments on "Bright and Morning 247. Lubiano, Wahneema . "Toni Star" (p. 348), and mentions UTC Morrison," in African American and NS (p. 348) . Writers. Ed. Valerie Smith. New York: Scribner's , pp . 321-333 . 242. . Canons and Contexts. New Mentions W briefly (p. 321) . York: Oxford University Press , pp . 8, 18, 24, 42, 45, 70, 99, 244 , 245, 248 . Marable , Manning. Race, Reform 268. and Rebellion: The Second Contains reprints of 1983(3), Reconstruction in Black America, 1984, and 1986 . Also mentions W 1945-1982 . Second edition. Jackson: in the penultimate chapter: University Press of Mississippi, pp. "Whose Culture?, Whose Literacy?" 45-46, 48, 50, 251. Revised reprint of 1984. 243. Leeming, David. "Baldwin, James," in Benet's Reader's 249. MArquez, Roberto. "One Encyclopedia of American Literature . Boricua's Baldwin: A Memoir and Ed . George Perkins, Barb~ra Perkins, Personal Remembrance," in James and Phillip Leininger . New York : Bald\"rin: His Place in American

22 Literary History and His Reception 254. McKay, Nellie . "Afro-American in Europe. Ed. Jakob K~llhofer. Literature," in Benet's Reader's Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pp. Encyclopedia of American Literature. 57-78. Ed. George Perkins, Barbara Perkins, Mentions briefly W, NS, BB, and and Phillip Leininger. New York: AH (p. 66) . HarperCollins, pp. 9-15. Mentions briefly W, UTC, NS, and 250. Martin, Terence. "The Romance," BB. in The Columbia History of the American Novel. 'Ed . Emory Elliott. 255. Mechling, Jay. "The Failure of New York: Columbia University Press, Folklore in Richard Wright's Black pp. 72-88. Boy." Journal of American Folklore, Mentions briefly NS and Bigger 104 (Summer), 275-294. Thomas (p. 87). "A close, critical reading of Black Boy (1945) shows the extent 251. Maynard, John Arthur. Venice to which Richard Wright drew upon West: The Beat Generation in African-American folklore for the Southern California. New Brunswick: content and aesthetic style of Rutgers University Press, pp. 26, his autobiographical narrative. 29. But the close reading also Notes that Lawrence Lipton was discovers ways in which the folk called "Jerusalem's Richard traditions failed Wright, Wright" and compares his novel especially in the intercultural Brother. the Laugh Is Bitter to encounter. These instances of the NS. failure of the folklore draw our attention to larger issues about 252 . McCarthy, B. Eugene. "Models of the double bind as a structural History in Richard Wright's Uncle instrument of cultural hegemony Tom's Children." Black American and about the limitation of Literature Forum, 25 (Winter), 729- folklore as a resource for 743. resisting the double bind" Analyzes the stories as W's (Mechling's summary). effort to present black Southern history in order to "correct 256 . Miller, James E. , Jr. "The Age false views of received of Uncertainty : After the Second history . .. and offer a paradigm World War (1945-Present)," in his for understanding the future Heritage of American Literature. processes of history" (p. 730). Vol. II: Civil War to the Present. The emerging structure is a San Diego: Harcourt Brace Marxist dialectic showing "modes Jovanovich, pp. 1405-1427 . of achieving political and Mentions W briefly (p. 1421) . social, thus economic , power" (p . 741). 257. "James Baldwin," in his Heritage of American Literature . 253. McDowell, Deborah E. "In the Vol. II. San Diego: Harcourt Brace First Place: Making Frederick Jovanovich, pp. 1895-1897. Douglass and the Afro-American Quotes Baldwin on Wand notes Narrative Tradition," in Critical their quarrel. Essays on Frederick Douglass. Ed. William L. Andrews. Boston: Twayne, 258 . . "The Modernist pp . 192-214 . Revolution: Between the World Wars Quotes Arna Bontemps mentioning W (1914-1945)," in his Heritage of (p. 207) . American Literature. Vol. II: Civil

23 War to the Present. San Diego : 266 . Montgomery , Max ine L . "Racial Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp . 751- Armageddon: The Image of Apocalypse 778. in Richard Wright's Native Son." CLA Mentions W, UTC, NS, and BB (pp. Journal, 34 (June), 453-466. 762, 773, 774). Treats NS as a secular Jeremiad prefiguring a racial and class 259. ___ . "Ralph Ellison," in his war unless American redeems Herita~e of American Literature . itself from racial injustice . Vol. II. San Diego : Harcourt Brace Only by moving outside the Jovanovich, pp. '1783-1785 . present social system can Bigger Mentions W briefly . achieve identity through violence. 260. "Richard Wright (1908- Reprinted in revised form: 1996 1960)," in his Herita~e of American Literature. Vol. II: Civil War to 267 . Mosley, Walter. "The Outsider the Present. San Diego: Harcourt Comes In." New York Newsday (8 Brace Jovanovich, pp . 1333-1335 . December), FanFare sec., p . 37. Bio-bib1iographical headnote to Favorable review of the Library two selections from BB. of America edition of W. Assesses W's major place in American 261. Miller, R. Baxter. "The Afro­ literature for his powerful American Novel and Its Tradition. exposure of a "morally culpable Bernard W. Bell." MELUS 17 (Fall), society . " 128-130 . Review mentioning W briefly. 268 . Muller, Gilbert H. "Comprehension, Rhetoric, Writing," 262. "Charles T. Davis: Trace in his The McGraw-Hill Reader. of Southern History." The Fourth edition. New York: McGraw­ Mississippi Quarterly, 44 (Spring), Hill, p . 161. 151-158. Twelve study questions and Notes Davis's work on W (p. 155). writing topics to accompany an excerpt from BB. 263. . "The Southern Trace of Reprinted: 1994. Black Critical Theory." Xavier Review, 11, 1-53. 269. ___ . "Comprehension, The epigraph is Blyden Jackson on Rhetoric, Writing," in his The W. Miller quotes several times McGraw-Hill Reader. Fourth edition. from BB . New York : McGraw-Hill, pp. 228-229. Study aids for "The Psychological 264. "A Tribute to the Masque Reactions of Oppressed People." of George Bass." CLA Journal, 35 (September), 115-119 . 270. ___ . "Richard Wright, The Mentions W briefly (p. 116) . Library Card," in his The McGraw­ Hill Reader. Fourth edition. New 265. Mobley, Marilyn Sanders. "Ann York : McGraw-Hill, p. 153. Petry," in African American Writers . Headnote to an excerpt from BB. Ed. Valerie Smith. New York: Reprinted: 1994 Scribner's, pp. 347-359 . Comments on critical distortion 271. . "Richard Wright, The of viewing Petry solely in Psychological Reactions of Oppressed relation to W's naturalism (p. People," in his The McGraw-Hill 351). Reader . Fourth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 224-225.

24 Reprint of 1982 (Summer), 692-726. Comments upon W at the Conference 272. Murphy, James F. The of Black Writers and Artists in Proletarian Moment: The Controversy Paris and notes that there Senghor Over Leftism in Literature. Urbana: called BB "one of the major African University of Illinois Press, pp. 3, autobiographies" (p. 697) . 10-11. Mentions briefly Wand "Between 278. Olney, James. "The the World and Me." Quotes from Autobiography of America." American 1977 . 293. Literary History, 3 (Summer), 376- 395 . 273. Newby, James Edward. Black Mentions W briefly (p. 384). Authors: ~ Selected Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland, pp. 279. O'Meally, Robert. "Ralph 52, 275, 462-463, 597. Ellison," in African American Contains entries, some annotated, Writers. Ed. Valerie Smith, New for BB, TMBV, AH, LT, LD, NS , Q, York: Scribner's, pp. 103-127. UTC, and WML . Discusses Ellison's friendship with Wand the story W asked him 274. Nixon, Will . "Thunder's Mouth to write for New Challenge (p. and Its Enthusiasm for Black 109) . Culture." American Visions, 6 (August), 34-36. 280. Oriard, Michael. Sporting with Notes that this press has issued the Gods : The Rhetoric of Play and two books by W. Game in American Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 254, 275. Norris, Margot. "Modernist 311, 313, 315-316, 317, 321. Eruptions," in The Columbia History Contains two paragraphs on the of the American Novel. Ed. Emory "rhetoric of game playing" in NS Elliott . New York: Columbia (pp. 315-316) and mentions W University Press, pp. 311-330 . briefly elsewhere. Mentions W briefly (p . 326). 281 . Painter, Nell Irvin. "Who Was 276 . Ogbaa, Kalu. "Protest and the Lynched?" The Nation , 253 (11 Individual Talents of Three Black November), 577. Novelists." CLA Journal , 35 Mentions briefly Bessie and (December) , 159-184. Bigger. Treats W, Baldwin, and Ellison. The section on W (pp. 163-170) 282. Parker, Jeffrey D. "Wright, treats style and, especially, Richard," in St . James Guide to characterization as well as the Biography. Ed. Paul E. Schillinger. protest theme. Numerous Chicago and London: St . James Press, comparisons of W with Baldwin and pp. 845-846. Ellison are made throughout the Describes and evaluates books by essay . Unlike the other two, W David Bakish , Robert Bone, Michel "tends to blame the problems of Fabre, Robert Felgar, Addison the black American almost Gayle, Keneth Kinnamon, Margaret entirely on the racist policies Walker, Constance Webb, and John of whites" (p. 162). A. Williams.

277. Okpewho, Isidore. "From a Goat 283. Patterson, Tiffany R. 1. "~ Path in Africa: An Approach to the History of Afro-American Literature . Poetry of Jay Wright . " Callaloo, 14 Volume I: The Long Beginning, 1746-

25 1895. By Blyden Jackson . " The of Huckleberry Finn and Afro­ Journal of Southern History, 57 American Literature," in Satire or (May), 362-364. Evasion? : Black Perspectives on Review noting that Jackson calls "Huckleberry Finn." Ed. James S. the period from 1930 to 1960 the Leonard, Thomas A. Tenney, and "Age of Richard Wright." Thadious M. Davis. Durham, N.C . : Duke University Press, pp. 216-227. 284. Payne, James Robert. "Horace A. Notes W's use of dialect and a Porter. Stealing the Fire: The Art child's perspective, his and Protest of James Baldwin." World naturalism, and his treatment of Literature Today, 65 (Winter), 119- moral inversion--al1 of which are 120. anticipated by Twain. Mentions Review praising Porter's "Blueprint for Negro Writing," treatment of the W-Baldwin "Big Boy Leaves Home," "A1mos' a relationship. Man," UTC, "Voodoo of Hell's Half-Acre," LT, Q, and NS. 285. Peterson, Linda. "From Egocentric Speech to Public 290. . "Baldwin, James," in The Discourse: Richard Wright Composes Reader's Companion to American His Thoughts on Black Boy," in The History. Ed . Eric Foner and John A Essay Connection: Readings for Garraty . Boston: Houghton Mifflin , Writers. Ed. Lynn Z. Bloom. Third pp. 74- 75. edition. Lexington, Mass . : D. C. Mentions briefly Wand NS . Heath, pp. 152-170 . Reprint of 1985.139. 291. "Too Honest for His Own Time." The New York Times (29 286. Pinsker, Sanford. "Is There an December), pp . 3, 17-18. American Literary Tradition?" The Discussion of the Library of Virginia Quarterly Review, 67 America edition of W, explaining (Spring), 347-354 . its textual decisions for LT, Review of Cushing Strout's Making UTC, NS, BB, and Q. This edition American Tradition noting its gives readers "the treatment of NS and Ellison's opportunity . . . to hear a great relation to W (p. 353). American writer speak with his own voice about matters that 287. [Prenshaw, Peggy Whitman, still resonate at the center of Thomas J. Richardson, Noel Polk, and our lives . " Stephen Flinn Young). "Introduction: Reprinted: 1995 The Natchez Literary Celebration . " The Southern Quarterly, 29 (Summer), 292. ___ . "Wright, Richard," in 5-7. The Reader's Companion to American Mentions briefly Margaret Walker History . Ed. Eric Foner and John A. Alexander's address on W. Garraty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, pp. 1181-1182. 288. Prevost, Verbie Lovorn. "Theses Biographical sketch. and Dissertations for 1990." South Atlantic Review, 56 (November), 137- 293. Rauch, Esther Nettles. "Paul 165. Lawrence Dunbar," in African Lists a thesis by William Burton American Writers . Ed. Valerie Smith. Roy, "Unity in Richard Wright's New York: Scribner's , pp. 87-102. Uncle Tom's Children" (p. 154). Contains a paragraph on W's \ evaluation of Dunbar in WML (p . 289. Rampersad, Arnold . "Adventures 93).

26 294. Redding, J. Saunders. "From The well as social message . American Negro Writer and His Roots," in The New Calvacade: 300. Ridgely , Joseph, and G[eorge] African American Writing from 1760 P[erkins]. "Novel Before 1960, The," to the Present . Ed. Arthur P. Davis, in Benet's Reader's Encyclopedia of J. Saunders Redding, and Joyce Ann American Literature . Ed. George Joyce. Vol. 1. Washington, D.C.: Perkins, Barbara Perkins, and Howard University Press, pp. 655- Phillip Leininger. New York: 66l. HarperCollins, pp. 784-792. Partial reprint of 1960 . 222 . Mentions briefly Wand NS.

295. Reddy, M. "Baker, Houston A. 301 . Rigney, Barbara Hill. The Workings of the spirit; the poetics Voices of Toni Morrison . Columbus : of Afro-American women's writing." Ohio State University Press, p. 28 . Choice, 28 (June), 1635. Mentions briefly the theme of Review mentioning W briefly. flight in NS.

296. [Reid, Calvin] . "Wright Bio 302. Roberts, Steven V., with Ruling Eases Fair Use Restrictions: Jeannye Thornton and Ted Gest. "The Biography of a Biography." Crowning Thomas Affair." U.S. News §! Publishers Weekly, 238 (20 World Report, III (16 September), December), 15 . 24-26, 28-30. Traces the history of Margaret Reports that reading W aroused in Walker's biography of Wand Clarence Thomas "feelings of explains the legal decision anger and isolation [he] oft en permitting her to use unpublished had but suppressed . " Includes a materials. photograph of W.

297. Reid, Stephen. "The Library 303. Rogal, Samuel J., ed. Calendar Card Richard Wright (1908-1960)," in of Literary Facts: b Daily and his Purpose and Process: b Reader Yearly Guide to Noteworthy Events in for Writers: Annotated Instructor's World Literature from 1450 to the Edition. Englewood Cliffs , N.J. : Present. Detroit: Gale, pp. 90, 123. Prentice-Hall, pp . 33-45. Lists W's date of birth (p . 90) Reprints an excerpt from BB with and death (p. 123) . headnote, marginalia , and study questions . 304 . Rogers, Mary F . Novels. Novelists. and Readers : Toward ~ 298. Reilly, John M. "Ellison, Ralph Phenomenological Sociology of (Waldo)," in Benet's Reader's Literature . Albany: State University Encyclopedia of American Literature . of New York Press, pp . 41, 223. Ed. George Perkins, Barbara Perkins, Mentions W briefly. and Phillip Leininger . New York: HarperCollins, pp. 302-303. 305. Rosen, Margery D. "How to Get Biographical sketch mentioning Your Kids to Love Books ." Ladies the W connection. Horne Journal, 108 (April), 73-74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90-91. 299 . . "Michel Fabre. Richard Notes that Arthur Ashe's favorite Wright: Books and Writers." Modern childhood book was NS (p.84) . Fiction Studies, 37 (Winter), 773- 774. 306 . Rosenthal, M. L . "On the Favorable review notirt g W's 'Dissidents' of the Thirties," in interest in aesthetic matters as his Our Life in Poetry: Selected

27 Essays and Reviews . New York: Persea Louisiana State University Press, Books, pp. 37-43. pp. 63-83. Reprint of 1951 Reprint of 1990

307. Rout, Kathleen. Eldridge 313 . ___ . "Tory Formalists, New Cleaver. Boston: Twayne, pp. 12, 13, York Intellectuals, and the New 28, 30, 47, 117. Historical Science of Criticism," in Discusses Cleaver's embrace of W his The Mockingbird in the Gum Tree: and NS and his rejection of James ~ Literary Gallimaufry. Baton Rouge: Baldwin. Mentions briefly Julia Louisiana State University Press, Wright. pp . 193-204. Reprint of 1980 308. Rowan, Carl T. Breaking Barriers: ~ Memoir. Boston: Little 314. Ruland, Richard, and Malcolm Brown, pp . 71, 105, 368. Bradbury. From Puritanism to Mentions briefly NS and BB . Postmodernism: ~ History of American Literature. London : Routledge, pp. 309. Rowell, Charles H. °An 159, 266, 268, 277, 279-280. Interview with Henry Louis Gates, Comments on W's attraction to Jr." Callaloo, 14 (Spring), 444-463 . Marxism and on UTC, NS, BB, and Gates notes the intertextual Q. "Like the best fiction of the relation between BB and Claude 1930s Wright's work was reaching Brown's Manchild in the Promised toward a visionary distillation Land (p. 450). of an oppressed human condition" (p. 280) . 310. "'Let Me Be With Ole Jazzbo' : An Interview with Sterling 315. Rushdy, Ashraf H. A. "Fraternal Brown . " Callaloo, 14 (Fall), 795- Blues: John Edgar Wideman's Homewood 815. Trilogy . " Contemporary Literature, Brown comments on Wand folk 32 (Fall), 312-345. culture : "he was a very talented Mentions briefly the curtain novelist, but Dick was not an metaphor in NS (p.339). authority on certain aspects of folk culture. I don't think he 316 . Sadoff, Dianne F . "Gender and felt jazz, and I don't think he African-American Narrative . " felt the blues . " (p. 796) . American Quarterly, 43 (March), 119 - Mentions W elsewhere (pp. 800, 127 . 804 , 809, 810). Includes a review of Valerie Smith's Self-Discovery and 311 . Rubin , Louis D., Jr . "The Dix ie Authority in Afro-American Special: William Faulkner and the Narrative quoting from it on W's Southern Literary Renascence,o in self-narrators (pp . 120-121). his The Mockingbird in the Gum Tree: ~ Literary Gallimaufry. Baton Rouge: 317. Saldivar, Jose David. The Louisiana State University Press, Dialectics of Our America : pp. 31-62. Genealogy. Cultural Critique. and Reprint of 1982 Literary History. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, p. 99. 312. __ . "The High Sheriff of Mentions W briefly. Yoknapatawpha County: A Study in the Genius of Place," in his The 318 . Saunders, James Robert . Mockingbird in the Gum Tr~ e: ~ "Breaking Out of the Cage: The Literary Gallimaufry. Baton Rouge : Autobiographical Writings of Maya

28 Angelou." The Hollins Critic, 28 Artist in the Kitchen : The Economics (October), 1-11. of Creativity in Hurston's 'Sweat, '" Mentions briefly BB (p . 2) . in Zora in Florida . Ed. Steven Glassman and Kathryn Lee Seidel. 319. Schmidt, Peter. The Heart of Orlando: University of Central the Story : Eudora Welty's Short Florida Press, pp. 110-120. Fiction. Jackson : University Press Comments on W's narrative mode of Mississippi, p. xv . and compares it to Hurston's Mentions W b~iefly. story.

320. Scott, Joyce H. "Slavery and 325. Seymour, Gene. "Mencken and the Literary Imagination. Ed. 'Negroes.'" The Nation, 253 (14 Deborah E. McDowell and Arnold October), 430. Rampersad; From Folklore to Fiction: Letter to the editor noting that a Study of Folk Heroes and Rituals Mencken inspired W. in the Black American Novel. By H. Nigel Thomas ; Richard ~ Moore. 326. Seymour-Smith, Martin . The Dent Caribbean Militant in Harlem : Dictionary of Fictional Characters . Collected Writings 1920-1972 . Ed . W London: J . M. Dent, p. 477. Burghardt Turner and Joyce Moore Lists Bigger Thomas. Turner." American Literature, 63 (December), 759-762. 327 . Showalter, Elaine. Sister's Review mentioning W briefly. Choice : Tradition and Change in American Women's Writing. Oxford: 321 . Scott , Nathan A., Jr . "American Clarendon Press, pp. 120, 123. Literature Since 1914," in The Mentions W briefly . Reader's Companion to American History. Ed . Eric Foner and John A 328. Shulman, Robert. "Realism," in Garraty . Boston : Houghton Mifflin, The Columbia History of the American pp. 674 - 677 . Novel. Ed. Emory Elliott. New York: Mentions W briefly . Columbia University Press, pp . 160- 188. 322. Seed, David. "American Mentions briefly Bigger Thomas Literature: The Twentieth Century: (p.1BO). Fiction: Individual Authors," in The Year's Work in English Studies. Vol. 329. Simpson, Anne K. a Gathering of 69. Oxford : Basil Blackwell, pp. Gaines: The Man and the Writer . 624-651. Lafayette: University of Comments on work on W by David Southwestern Louisiana, pp. 23, 95 , Bradley, Jack B. Moore , Alan W. 113,265. France, and Tracy Webb (pp. 640- Quotes Gaines discovering W's 641). influence (pp . 23, 113) and mentions W elsewhere. 323 . . "American Literature : The Twentieth Century: Fiction: 330. Singh, Amritjit. "Keeping Up Individual Authors," in The Year's with George." The Langston Hughes Work in English Studies . Vol . 69. Review, 9/10, 117-119. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 573- Mentions W briefly . 583. Comments on work on W by Edward 331. Skerrett, Joseph T., Jr. "James D. Clark . Weldon Johnson lB7l-l93B , " in African American Writers. Ed. 324. Seidel, Kathryn Lee . "The Valerie Smith. New York: Scribner's,

29 pp. 219 - 233 . 338. Stich, Klaus P. "Timothy Dow Mentions W briefly (p. 230) . Adams. Telling Lies in Modern American Autobiography." The 332. Smith, David L. "The Black Arts Canadian Review of American Studies, Movement and Its Critics." American 22 (Summer), 132-133 . Literary History, 3 (Spring), 93- Review mentioning W briefly. 110. Mentions W briefly (pp. 96, 97, 339. Stillinger, Jack . Multiple 102). Authorship and the Myth of Solitary Genius . New York: Oxford University 333. Smith, Michelle . "Discovering Press, pp. 156, 211, 236-237. the tomb of Victor Sej our .... " Afram Notes intervention by persons Newsletter, Nos . 33-34 (October), other than W in BB and NS, citing pp. 24-25. relevant articles by Janice Mentions W briefly. Thaddeus and Keneth Kinnamon.

334. Smith , Valerie. "Introduction," 340. Stone, Albert E. "Modern in her African American Writers. New American Autobiography: Texts and York: Scribner's, pp. vii-xvii. Transactions," in American Mentions Wand his relation to Autobiography: Retrospect and Zora Neale Hurston, Ralph Prospect. Ed. Paul John Eakin. Ellison, and James Baldwin (pp. Madison: The University of Wisconsin xiii, xiv). Press, pp. 95-120. Uses BB to show how one can "read 335. Spillers, Hortense J. and exploit autobiographies as "Introduction: Who Cuts the Border? history" (p. 98) and mentions W Some Readings on 'America,'" in her elsewhere (pp. 95, 112, 120). Comparative American Identities: Race. Sex, and Nationality in the 341. Strauss, William, and Neil Modern Text. New York: Routledge, Howe . Generations: The History of pp . 1-25. America's Future. New York: William Mentions briefly Bigger Thomas Morrow, p. 273. (p. 8). Mentions W briefly .

336. Stepto, Robert B. "Afterword: 342. Strei tfeld , David . "Wright Distrust of the Reader in Afro­ Unexpurgated." The Washington Post American Narratives," in his From Book World (18 August), p. 15. Behind the Veil: !1 Study of Afro­ In an interview Arnold Rampersad American Narrative . Second edition. explains deletion of sexual Urbana: University of Illinois material from NS and political Press, pp. 195-215 . material from BB by the Book-of­ Reprint of 1986 the-Month Club.

337 . . From Behind the Veil: !1 343. Strout, Cushing. "To the Study of Afro-American Narrative. Editor." The Journal of American Second edition. Urbana: University History, 78 (September), 763-764. of Illinois Press, pp. 24, 44, 96, Mentions W briefly. 116, 124, 128-162, 163, 175, 176, 177, 179, 182, 196-198, 199. 344 . Sweeney, Vince. "The Power of Reprint of 1979.243 and 1986 with Literature . " Research, 11 (March), mention of W, NS, and \ BB in the 19-2l. new preface. Notes that BB is one of the few books by minority authors taught

30 in high schools. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 485-509 . 345. Taylor, Henry. "Gwendolyn Mentions W briefly (pp. 489, 496 , Brooks: An Essential Sanity." The 497) . Kenyon Review, 13 (Fall), 115-131 . Comments on W's evaluation of the 353. Wagner-Martin, Linda. "James manuscript of ~ Street in Barbour and Tom Quirk, eds. Writing Bronzeville (p. 119). the American Classics." Modern Fiction Studies, 37 (Summer), 253. 346. Thelen, David. "Becoming Martin Review mentioning Kinnamon's Luther King., Jr.: An Introduction." essay on NS. The Journal of American History, 78 (June), pp. 11-22. 354. Walker, Alice. "The Black Mentions W briefly (p. 22) . Writer and the Southern Experience," in ~ Writer's Reader. Ed. Donald 347. "Conversation Between S. Hall and D. L. Emblen. Sixth edition. Paul Schilling and David Thelen." New York: HarperCollins . The Journal of American History , 78 Reprint of 1983 (J une) , 63- 80 . Mentions W briefly (p. 66). 355 . Walker, Dan. "Teaching Critical Concepts with Our Own Writing . " 348. Thomas, Brook. The New English Journal, 80 (November), 77- Historicism and Other Old-Fashioned 82. Topics. Princeton, N.J . : Princeton Uses "The Man Who Saw the Flood" University Press, p.14 . in a writing exercise. Mentions W briefly. 356 . Wall, Cheryl A. "Zora Neale 349 . Thomas , H. Nigel . "Alice Hurston," in African American Walker's Grange Copeland as a Writers . Ed. Valerie Smith. New Trickster Figure." Obsidian n, 6 York: Scribner's, pp. 205-218. (Spring), 60-72. The bibliography lists W's review Notes W's rejection of the of Their Eyes Were Watching God. trickster figure (p . 62) and briefly compares Walker's 357. Ward, Jerry W., Jr. "Sterling character and Bigger Thomas (p. D. Plumpp: A Son of the Blues." The 63). Southern Quarterly, 29 (Summer), 5- 36. 350. Trzyna, Thomas, and Martin Includes correspondence and Abbott. "Grieving in the Ethnic interviews with Plumpp , who Literature Classroom." College mentions W several times: "Wright Literature, 18 (October), 1-14 . was the author of existentialism Mentions briefly BB (p . 3) . for me" (p.19) . Plumpp acknowledges W's profound 351. Van Leer, David . "James influence on him . Baldwin," in African American Writers. Ed . Valerie Smith. New 358. ___ . "Wright's Explicit Prose York: Scribner's, pp. 1-14. Restored." The Richard Wright Includes discussion of Baldwin's Newsletter, 1 (Fall), 2. relation to W (pp. 2-3, 4, 7). Discusses the Library of America edition of W. 352. "Society and Identity," in The Columbia History of the 359. Washington, Mary Helen. American Novel. Ed . Emory Elliott. "Acknowledgments," in her Memory of

31 ~ Stories About Family Qy Black but faults W for "apologizing for Writers (New York: Doubleday) , pp. being a writer" by listing in BB :vii-viii. works and authors he had read.

366. . "What to See in the South," in his Why Black People Tend 360. Weissinger, Thomas . "Current to Shout: Cold Facts and Wry Views Bibliography." Black American From !! Black Man's World. New York: Literature Forum, 25 (Winter), 795- Carol Lane Publishing Group , pp.12l- 814. ' 126 . Lists books on W by Michel Fabre, Mentions W briefly (p . 125). Keneth Kinnamon, Eugene E. Miller, and Margaret Walker, as 367 . Williams, Sherley Anne. well as the second edition of "Introduction, " in Their Eyes Were Paul Oliver's Blues Fell This Watching God. By 20ra Neale Hurston . Morning with W's foreword . Urbana : University of Illinois Press, pp. xiii-xxix. 361. Werner , Craig . "The Signifying Mentions briefly Wand NS (pp.xv , Monkey: ~ Theory of Afro-American x~i) . Literary Criticism. By Henry Louis Gates, Jr." Journal of English and 368. Williams, Wilburn. "Melvin Germanic Philology, 90 (April), 267- Tolson , " in African American 269. Writers. Ed . Valerie Smith. New Review mentioning Wand NS. York : Scribner'S, pp . 413-427. Mentions W briefly (p . 413) and 362. West, Cornel . "Nihilism in quotes him on Tolson (p. 420). Black America." Dissent, 38 (Spring), 221-226. 369. Wilson, Charles Reagan . Quotes from TMBV as an epigraph. "Expatriates and Exiles ," in The Reprinted: 1993, 1994 Reader's Companion to American History. Ed. Eric Foner and John A. 363. Whitlock, Elizabeth . Garraty. Boston: Houghton Mifflin , "Introduction," in Mississippi pp . 369-372. Writers: An Anthology. Ed. Dorothy Mentions W briefly . Abbott Johnson: University Press of Mississippi , pp . xv-xxvi . 370 . Wilson , Robert . "Treats for Comments briefly on \v and BB (pp . Lovers of Language and Literature." xv, xviii) . USA Today (9 December), p . 4D. Includes a notice of the Library 364. Wilentz, Gay. "Affirming of America edition of W Critical Difference : Reading Black emphasizing editorial Women's Texts . " The Kenvon Review , intervention in the works as 13 (Summer) , 146-151. first published. Mentions briefly BB (p.148) . 371. Winslow, Art . "Our Holiday 365. Wiley, Ralph. "The Dark Side of List." The Nation, 253 (30 Mencken," in his Why Black People December), 863-864 . Tend to Shout : Cold Facts and Wry Mentions the Library of America Views from !! Black Man's World. New edition. York: Carol Lane Publishing Group , pp. 21- 30 . \ 372 . Wright , Julia . "Letter from Compares Wand Jack London for Julia Wright." The Richard Wright their visceral emotional power, Newsletter, 1 (Spring), 1.

32 Excerpt from a letter endorsing the formation of the Richard Wright Circle and urging it to expand its activities outside the academy .

373. "Richard Wright." The London Times Literary Supplement, No. 4586 (22 February), p. 13 . Responds to james Campbell's essay "Black Boys and the FBI" defending her competence as an interviewer and expressing skepticism about the notion that W acted as an informer on former communists.

374. Youngs, Tim . "Dickson D. Bruce, Jr., Black American Writing from the Nadir: The Evolution of ~ Literary Tradition, 1877-1915; Robert Bone, Down Home: Origins of the Afro­ American Short Story; Henry Louis Gates, Jr" The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism; Ronda Glikin, Black Americans [sic] Women in Literature: A Bibliography, 1976 through 1987." Journal of American Studies, 25 (April), 142-143. Review mentioning W briefly.

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