Philosophy of the Arts Philosophy 421, Fall 2016, MWF Office Hours, F: Noon-1pm University of New Hampshire Professor William Seeley [email protected] www.bates.edu/~wseeley

Course Description: What is Art? What makes a photograph on the wall at the Museum of Modern Art different from the one on the front page of the Daily News? What makes a landscape painting more (or less!) interesting than a snapshot? Our commonsense understanding of art tells us that artworks are in some way special. Art is often beautiful. It is sometimes provocative and controversial. But it is notoriously difficult to identify just what it is that makes artworks unique. In fact, it is sometimes difficult to understand why particular artworks are considered special at all. Philosophy of Art is a branch of philosophy concerned with answers to just these types of questions. In this course we will examine four broad issues that have defined philosophical aesthetics: What is the relationship between art and representation? What does it mean to say that an artwork expresses an emotion? What role does the formal structure of artworks play in explanations of art? What is an aesthetic experience, and what role, if any, does our knowledge of a culture play in shaping these experiences? We will also discuss a range of philosophical issues associated with particular art forms. Finally, despite disagreements about the nature of art most would agree that art must be experienced to be understood. Therefore, throughout the course we will both make art and look at particular artworks as illustrations of the views discussed.

Course Goals: The aim of this course is to 1) introduce students to philosophical aesthetics by 2) working through some its foundational works and some contemporary problems. Our approach will be both historical and topical. Philosophy is a living art. Along the way the student will be introduced to characteristic philosophical methods. These methods are designed to help one think clearly and critically about arguments in general, and are indispensable philosophical tools.

Requirements: You will be asked to write four online reading quizzes (15%), an in-class midterm (20%), a six page paper (25%), and a cumulative final exam (40%). The goal of these assignments is to encourage the student to think through problems in philosophy of the arts on their own.

Attendance: CLASS ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION IS A REQUIREMENT. Therefore, excessive absence will affect a student’s final grade.

Required Texts: - Nigel Warburton, The Art Question (New York: Routledge, 2003) (AQ) - Readings on eReserve (eReserve) Philosophy of Art (Phil 421) Requirements:

A. Students will be required to complete the following 4 assignments:

• four online quizzes (15%). • an in-class, cumulative midterm (20%) • a 6 page on a topic selected from a range of options (25%) • a cumulative final (40%) • attendance matters; students will lose one +/- score for every 4 classes missed.

B. If I can find space for us to do it on campus we will create an installation of The Collaborative Drawing Project: Drawings after Sol LeWitt. The installation is tentatively scheduled for the November 3rd (location TBA). The goal of the project is threefold: to introduce students to conceptual art and chance procedures; to see the productive process of making an artwork through from beginning to end; and to explore the types of productive constraints that materials and methods impose on the artistic expression.

• We will produce a series of Sol LeWitt style “automatic location drawings” as a group installation. Each drawing will consist of a set of instructions (e.g. snap a diagonal chalk line on a tangent to a large circle that divides the drawing unevenly along the horizontal) produced in a randomly assigned order.

• We will meet during class time on dates tba to create the installation if I can find a space for us.

C. Drawing & Dancing. We will occasionally break from class to experiment with Merce Cunningham's method of chance procedures in dance. These exercises are an extension of the Collaborative Drawing Project and offer us an opportunity to translate our automatic location drawings into three dimensions.

• We will break during class times to do this in various outdoors paces on campus.

Philosophy of Art (Phil 421) Some Miscellaneous Notes and Guidelines:

Moral behavior is the grounds for, and the framework of, a healthy society. In this regard it is each of our responsibility as individuals within the community of our classroom to act responsibly. This includes following the rules and guidelines set out by Bates College for academic behavior. Plagiarism is a serious matter. It goes without saying that each of you is expected to do his or her own work and to cite EVERY text that is used to prepare a paper for this class. In general philosophy papers are NOT research papers. Your preparations for papers and presentations should focus on material from the syllabus, assigned supplemental readings, and class discussion.

I ask that you not use the internet for your research except as assigned in class.

The written assignments are designed to give you a chance to stretch your legs a bit while you learn about Philosophy of Art (and to give me a chance to assess your understanding of the material). Your job for each of the writing assignments is to offer a philosophical defense of your take on the issue at hand. However, this does not mean that they are free forums for opinions. Make sure that your discussions remain focused on the philosophical problems that surround the assigned question or topic.

There is some flexibility built in to the reading schedule so that we can spend more time on issues that are of particular interest to you. I will occasionally suggest supplementary for students who want to pursue particular issues beyond class discussion. I also reserve the right to modify the syllabus as needed to accommodate our interests as a group.

Finally, please come see me at the beginning of the semester to discuss athletic schedules or any accommodations you might need for the class work.

Philosophy of Art (Phil 421)

SCHEDULE OF READINGS: What follows is a provisional syllabus. This schedule may change, as may the readings within it, as a result of class interests and time constraints. Any changes will be announced in class prior to the date of the change of assignment. Also, importantly, I will let you know each day how to approach the readings for the next class, whether some readings are more important than others, and, occasionally, whether we will drop a reading from a session (it has happened). You can’t get this information if you are not in class.

Topic 1: Definitions of Art What is Philosophy of Art? Warburton Art & Philosophy (AQ)

Form: Warburton Significant Form (AQ)

Expressionism: Tolstoy What Is Art? (eReserve) Warburton Expression of Emotion (AQ)

Anti-Essentialism, Institutional and Historicist Theories of Art: Weitz The Role of Theory in Aesthetics (JSTOR) Warburton Family Resemblances (AQ) Levinson Defining Art Historically (JSTOR) Dickie The New Institutional Theory of Art (eReserve) Warburton Institutional Contexts (AQ)

Topic 2: Musical Expression Kivy Emotions in the Music (eReserve) Davies Philosophical Perspectives on Music’s Expressiveness (eReserve) Robinson The Expression and Arousal of Emotion in Music (JSTOR)

Topic 3: Art & Meaning Walton Categories of Art (JSTOR) Danto Art and Meaning (eReserve) Greenberg Modernist Painting (eReserve) Danto The Artworld (JSTOR)

Topic 4: Conceptual Art Conceptual Art: Lewitt Paragraphs on Art (eReserve) TBA

Topic 5: Dance Langer Virtual Powers (excerpt) (eReserve) Carroll and Banes Working and Dancing (eReserve) Banes On Your Fingertips: Writing Dance Criticism (eReserve) Philosophy of Art (Phil 421) Bibliography:

Topic 1: Definitions of Art - Nigel Warburton, “ Chapter 1, Significant Form,” The Art Question (New York: Routledge, 2003), 9-35. - Leo Tolstoy, What is Art? (excerpts), translated by Aylmer Maude (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company, 1960), pp. 49-52, 139-145, 159. Excerpt reprinted in eds. George Dickie, Richard Sclafani, and Ronald Roblin, Aesthetics: A Critical Anthology, New York: Bedford-St. Martin's, 1989, pp. 57-62. - Nigel Warburton, “ Chapter 2, Expression of Emotion,” The Art Question (New York: Routledge, 2003), 37-62. - Morris Weitz, “The Role of Theory in Aesthetics,” in ed. Peter Lamarque and Stein Haugum Olsen, Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2004), 12-18. - Nigel Warburton, “Chapter 3, Family Resemblance,” The Art Question (New York: Routledge, 2003), 65-85. - Nigel Warburton, “Chapter 4, Institutional Contexts,” The Art Question (New York: Routledge, 2003), 87-118. - George Dickie, "The New Institutional Theory of Art," Proceedings of the 8th Wittgenstein Symposium, 10, 1983: 57-64. Reprinted in eds. Peter Lamarque and Stein Haugom Olsen, Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art: the Analytic Tradition (Malden, MA: Blackwell), pp. 47-54.

Topic 2: Musical Expression - Peter Kivy, “Emotions in the Music,” Introduction to a Philosophy of Music (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 31-48. - Stephen Davies, “Philosophical Perspectives on Musical Expressiveness,” Themes in the Philosophy of Music (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), 169-191. - Jenefer Robinson, “The Expression and Arousal of Emotion in Music,” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 52(1), 1994:13-22.

Topic 3: Art and Meaning - Clement Greenberg, “Modernist Painting,” in ed. John O’Brian, Clement Greenberg: The Collected Essays, Volume 4 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 85-93. - Kendall Walton, "Categories of Art," Philosophical Review, 79(3), 1970: 334-367. - Arthur Danto, “Art and Meaning,” in ed. Noël Carroll, Theories of Art today (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000), 130-140. - Arthur Danto, “The Artworld,” in eds. Peter Lamarque and Stein Haugum Olsen, Aesthetics and the Philosophy of Art (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2004), 27-34.

Topic 4: Conceptual Art - Sol LeWitt, “Paragraphs on Art,” in ed. Richard Kostelanetz, Esthetics Contemporary, Revised Edition (Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1989), 432-435. - Lucy Lippard, "Escape Attempts," in Six Years : The Dematerialization of the Art Object from 1966-1972 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1973), pp. vii-xxii. - Robert Morris, “Anti Form,” Artforum, April, 1968. - Rosalind Krauss, “The Double Negative: A New Syntax for Sculpture,” in Passages in Modern Sculpture (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1977), 243-288.

Topic 5: Dance - Suzanne Langer, Virtual Powers, Feeling and Form (New York: Pearson, 1977). - Noël Carroll and Sally Banes, “Working and Dancing,” Dance Research Journal 15(1), 1982, 37-41. - Sally Banes, "On Your Fingertips: Writing Dance Criticism," reprinted in Writing Dance Criticism in the Age of Postmodernism (New York: Wesleyan University Press, 1994), 24-42. Philosophy of Art (Phil 421)

Date Readings Assignments

08/29 Course Introduction

08/31 Warburton, Ch1: Significant Form (AQ)

09/02 Discussion: Art & Form

09/05 Tolstoy, What is Art? (eReserve)

09/07 Warburton, Ch2: Expression of Emotion (AQ)

09/09 Warburton, Ch2: Expression of Emotion (AQ)

09/12 Weitz, The Role of Theory in Aesthetics (JSTOR)

09/14 Weitz, The Role of Theory in Aesthetics (JSTOR)

09/16 Warburton, Ch3: Family Resemblances (AQ) 1st paper topics in syllabus

09/19 Dickie, The New Institutional Theory of Art (eReserve)

09/21 Dickie, The New Institutional Theory of Art (eReserve)

09/23 Levinson, Defining Art Historically (JSTOR) 1st paper due: 10/11 at midnight 09/26 Levinson, Defining Art Historically (JSTOR) 09/28 Warburton, Ch4. Institutional Contexts (AQ)

09/30 Discussion: Theories of Art

10/03 Kivy, Emotions in the Music (eReserve)

10/05 Kivy, Emotions in the Music (eReserve)

10/07 Davies, Philosophical …Music’s Expressiveness (eReserve)

10/10 Davies, Philosophical …Music’s Expressiveness (eReserve)

10/12 Robinson, The Expression & Arousal of Emotion in Music (JSTOR)

10/14 Robinson, The Expression & Arousal of Emotion in Music (JSTOR) 10/17 Midterm (in class)

10/19 Greenberg, Modernist Painting (eReserve)

10/21 Greenberg, Modernist Painting (eReserve)

04/24 Walton, Categories of Art (JSTOR) Mid-term re-writes due

10/26 Walton, Categories of Art (JSTOR)

10/28 Danto, Art and Meaning (eReserve) Final paper topics assigned

10/31 Danto, The Artworld (JSTOR)

11/02 Danto, The Artworld (JSTOR)

11/04 Discussion: Art, Meaning, & Perception

11/07 LeWitt, Paragraphs on Art (eReserve) Philosophy of Art (Phil 421) 11/09

11/11 No Class Veteran's Day

11/14 Lippard, Escape Attempts (eReserve)

11/16 Conceptual Art (eResearve readings tba)

11/18 Conceptual Art (eResearve readings tba)

11/21 Merce Cunningham / Trisha Brown Film Clips

11/23-11-27 Thanksgiving Break 11/28 Langer, Virtual Powers (eReserve)

11/30 Langer, Virtual Powers (eReserve)

11/02 Carroll and Banes, Working and Dancing (eReserve)

2/05 Carroll and Banes, Working and Dancing (eReserve)

12/07 Banes, On Your Fingertips: Writing Dance Criticism (eReserve)

12/09 Banes, On Your Fingertips: Writing Dance Criticism (eReserve)

No Final Exam: Final Papers due at the end of the scheduled exam period.