Epimediums: Springing out of the Shade
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APPROVED PLANT LIST Midtown Alliance Tree Well Adoption Program
APPROVED PLANT LIST Midtown Alliance Tree Well Adoption Program Midtown Alliance launched the Tree Well Adoption program with the primary goal of enriching the experience of Midtown’s workers and residents while encouraging sustainability through the use of low-water, urban tolerant plant species. This list of plants was created to aid individuals and organizations in selecting plant material to plant in their adopted tree wells. This plant list is intended to encourage individual character in the tree wells, rather than restrict creativity in the selection of plants. The plants on the approved list were selected based on the following criteria: • Perennial. All plants listed are perennial, meaning they last for two or more growing seasons. Once established, these plants will require less water to maintain than annuals. • Heat tolerant. Plants in tree wells are exposed to high temperatures caused by vehicles and heat reflected from surrounding buildings, asphalt, and other urban surfaces. They must also be tolerant to high daytime temperatures, typical of Atlanta’s summer months, and cold hardy in the winter months. Atlanta is located in USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7b/8a. • Water wise. Urban tree wells are surrounded by impervious surfaces and thus, are highly susceptible to periods of drought. Suitable plants must be able to survive periods of low rainfall. • Pollution tolerant. Vehicle exhaust may leave deposits and pollutants on plant foliage, which can kill sensitive plants. • Encourage wildlife. Flowering plants attract insects such as butterflies while others provide food sources for birds and other wildlife. • Grown locally. Many of the plants listed are native to the Atlanta area, and all can be found at local nurseries. -
Epimedium L) – a Promising Source of Raw Materials for the Creation of Medicines for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men
Pharmacogn J. 2020; 12(6)Suppl:1710-1715 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Research Article www.phcogj.com Representatives of the Genus Goryanka (Epimedium L) – a Promising Source of Raw Materials for the Creation of Medicines for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction in Men Bukinich Darya Dmitrievna, Salova VG, Odintsova EB, Rastopchina OV, Solovyovа NL, Kozlova AM, Krasniuk II (jun), Krasniuk II, Kozlova Zh M* ABSTRACT Erectile dysfunction and multiple mechanisms of its development are one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. In the twenty-first century, millions of men around the world suffer from sexual disorders, and the number of such patients is only growing from year to Bukinich Darya Dmitrievna, year. The flavonoid icariin, contained in plants of the genusEpimedium L., is a promising Salova VG, Odintsova EB, pharmacologically active substance used for erectile dysfunction, due to its ability to affect Rastopchina OV, Solovyovа type 5 phosphodiesterase, inhibiting its activity. To date, domestic and foreign pharmaceutical NL, Kozlova AM, Krasniuk II companies produce biologically active food additives and herbal preparations, which include (jun), Krasniuk II, Kozlova Zh Goryanka extract. But the range of standardized herbal medicines is very small. M* Key words: Drug, Epimedium Estrellita, Icariin, Impotence. First Moscow state medical university named after I.M. Sechenov, (Sechenov University), Moscow, RUSSIAN INTRODUCTION The purpose of this work is to theoretically FEDERATION. substantiate the possibility of using medicinal plant Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most raw materials of the genus Goryanka (Epimedium Correspondence pressing problems of modern medicine. According L) to create medicines for the treatment of erectile Kozlova Zh. -
A Systematic Study on DNA Barcoding of Medicinally Important Genus Epimedium L
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article A Systematic Study on DNA Barcoding of Medicinally Important Genus Epimedium L. (Berberidaceae) Mengyue Guo 1 , Yanqin Xu 2, Li Ren 1, Shunzhi He 3 and Xiaohui Pang 1,* 1 Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (L.R.) 2 College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; [email protected] 3 Department of Pharmacy, Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550002, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-57833051 Received: 27 October 2018; Accepted: 10 December 2018; Published: 17 December 2018 Abstract: Genus Epimedium consists of approximately 50 species in China, and more than half of them possess medicinal properties. The high similarity of species’ morphological characteristics complicates the identification accuracy, leading to potential risks in herbal efficacy and medical safety. In this study, we tested the applicability of four single loci, namely, rbcL, psbA-trnH, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and ITS2, and their combinations as DNA barcodes to identify 37 Epimedium species on the basis of the analyses, including the success rates of PCR amplifications and sequencing, specific genetic divergence, distance-based method, and character-based method. Among them, character-based method showed the best applicability for identifying Epimedium species. As for the DNA barcodes, psbA-trnH showed the best performance among the four single loci with nine species being correctly differentiated. -
Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument
Schmidt, Drost, Halvorson In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument Plant and Vertebrate Vascular U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 N. Gemini Drive Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Open-File Report 2006-1163 Southwest Biological Science Center Open-File Report 2006-1163 November 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument By Cecilia A. Schmidt, Charles A. Drost, and William L. Halvorson Open-File Report 2006-1163 November, 2006 USGS Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Note: This document contains information of a preliminary nature and was prepared primarily for internal use in the U.S. Geological Survey. This information is NOT intended for use in open literature prior to publication by the investigators named unless permission is obtained in writing from the investigators named and from the Station Leader. Suggested Citation Schmidt, C. A., C. A. Drost, and W. L. Halvorson 2006. Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Montezuma Castle National Monument. USGS Open-File Report 2006-1163. -
Perennial Dividing Chart
Dividing Perennials Page 1/8 Botanical Common Name Division When to divide * Additional notes Growth needed / 4 weeks before killing frost Root type habit years Achillea Yarrow Early spring as new Separate by cutting or pulling apart. Discard central woody core. 2 to 3 spreads growth emerges Aconitum Monkshood Spring or Early Fall * Resents disturbance. All parts of the plant are poisonous, so use no rubber gloves when dividing tuberous roots and handle with care. clumps tuber Aegopodium pod. Snow-On-The- Spring or Early Fall * Replant the divisions, making sure that each contains a bit of underground 1 to 3 spreads Mountain roots and a bit of top growth roots Agastache Anise Hyssop Spring Dig up and divide agastache every three to four years. Replant 3 to 4 the divisions, making sure that each contains a bit of roots and a clumps bit of top growth Ajuga reptans Bugleweed Spring or Early Fall * Can be divided any time of year, but spring and fall are best for 1 to 3 spreads stolons quick rooting. Alchemilla vulgaris Lady's Mantle Spring or Early Fall * Cut crown into sections with sharp spade or knife, making sure 6 to 10 clumps (mollis) that each contains a bit of roots and a bit of top growth Allium Ornamental After flowering Divide overcrowded clusters after foliage disappears and replant spreading bulb Onion at the same soil level. Amsonia Blue Star Spring or Early Fall * Seldom needs to be divided; grows slowly so will take tabernaemontana several years to establish from divisions. If you want a division no anyway, slice down the length of the root, making sure there is at clumps taproot least 1 eye, some of the taproot and a few sideroots Anemone tomentosa Grape-Leaf Spring It doesn't like to have main clump disturbed; sends out Anemone underground runners, so dig small new plants around the edges underground 5 to 10 running or any piece with an eye or sucker already forming for replanting. -
2020 Plant List 1
2020 issima Introductions Sesleria nitida Artemisia lactiflora ‘Smoke Show’ Succisella inflexa 'Frosted Pearls' Impatiens omeiana ‘Black Ice’ Thalictrum contortum Kniphofia ‘Corn Dog’ Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum Kniphofia ‘Dries’ Tiarella polyphylla (BO) Kniphofia ‘Takis Fingers’ Verbascum roripifolium hybrids Persicaria amplexicaulis ‘Ruby Woo’ Veronica austriaca 'Ionian Skies' Sanguisorba ‘Unicorn Tails’ Sanguisorba obtusa ‘Tickled Pink’ Stock Woody and Herbaceous Perennials, New & Returning for 2020 indexed alphabetically: Alchemilla alpina Acanthus ‘Summer Beauty’ Aletris farinosa Acanthus Hollard’s Gold’ Anemone nemorosa ‘Vestal’ Acanthus syriacus Anemone nemorosa Virescens Actaea pachypoda Anemone ranunculoides Actaea rubra leucocarpa Anemone seemannii Adenophora triphylla Berkheya purpurea Pink Flower Agastache ‘Linda’ Berkheya species (Silver Hill) Agastache ‘Serpentine’ Boehmeria spicata 'Chantilly' Ajuga incisa ‘Blue Enigma’ Callirhoe digitata Amorphophallus konjac Carex plantaginea Anemonella thalictroides ‘Cameo’ Carex scaposa Anemonella thalictroides ‘Oscar Schoaff’ Deinanthe caerulea x bifida Anemonopsis macrophylla – dark stems Dianthus superbus var. speciosus Anemonopsis macrophylla – White Flower Digitalis ferruginea Angelica gigas Disporum sessile ‘Variegatum’ Anthemis ‘Cally Cream’ Echium amoenum Anthericum ramosum Echium russicum Arisaema fargesii Echium vulgare Arisaema ringens Erigeron speciosus (KDN) Arisaema sikokianum Eriogonum annuum (KDN) Artemisia lactiflora ‘Elfenbein’ Geranium psilostemon -
Epimediums – Jewels of the Shade Garden Karen Perkins-- Garden Vision Epimediums
Epimediums – Jewels of the Shade Garden Karen Perkins-- Garden Vision Epimediums 1. Stockbeds coming alive in early spring 2. Old friends: Epimedium ×rubrum/E. ×versicolor ‘Sulphureum’, E. ×warleyense ‘Orangekonigin’ & E. grandiflorum ‘Lilafee’ Characteristics & How to Grow: 3. Spring foliage color 4. Second growth flush 5. Summer leaf comparisons 6. Effects of direct sun 7. Fall color 8. Evergreen vs. deciduous 9. Runners vs. clumpers 10. Vegetative propagation: Dividing/Tools 11. Growing from seed 12. Soils, growing pointers 13. Planting guidelines 14. Tips & Tools for cutting back 15. Pests & Diseases Introduction to major Epimedium players: 16. Darrell Probst/Harold Epstein in his Larchmont garden 17. Prof. Wm. Stearn, Harold Epstein 18. Robin White with E. ×’Amber Queen’ / 1995 Royal Horticultural Society Show Sampling of Japanese/Korean deciduous species: 19. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Bicolor Giant’ 20. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Circe’ & ‘Yubae’ 21. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Dark Beauty’ 22. Unusual flower forms: E. grandiflorum ‘Mizuhomaru’/E. ×youngianum ‘Sudama’ 23. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Orion’ & ‘Red Queen’ 24. Epimedium grandiflorum ‘Purple Prince’ 25. Epimedium grandiflorum f. flavescens #2 26. Epimedium grandiflorum v. higoense ‘Bandit’ & E. grandiflorum ‘Spring Wedding’ 27. Epimedium pinnatum ssp. colchicum “Thunderbolt’ 28. Epimedium pubigerum- 2 clones (Cc. 950215, Cc. 950029) 29. Epimedium sempervirens “Variegated #1” 30. Epimedium ‘Lilac Cascade’ 31. Epimedium ‘Sunshowers’ 32. Epimedium ×perralchicum ‘Frohnleiten’ 33. Epimedium ×rubrum ‘Sweetheart’ 34. Epimedium ×versicolor ‘Cherry Tart’ 35. Epimedium ×versicolor ‘Cupreum’ 36. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Azusa’ 37. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Be My Valentine 38. Epimedium ×youngianum ‘Beni-kujaku’ Exploring for Epimediums in China: 39. Darrell Probst collecting in the wild in China 40. Sichuan Basin-- terraced agriculture 41. Map of China/Sichuan Province 42. -
Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders
REVIEW published: 21 August 2018 doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00557 Berberine: Botanical Occurrence, Traditional Uses, Extraction Methods, and Relevance in Cardiovascular, Metabolic, Hepatic, and Renal Disorders Maria A. Neag 1, Andrei Mocan 2*, Javier Echeverría 3, Raluca M. Pop 1, Corina I. Bocsan 1, Gianina Cri¸san 2 and Anca D. Buzoianu 1 1 Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile Edited by: Berberine-containing plants have been traditionally used in different parts of the world for Anna Karolina Kiss, the treatment of inflammatory disorders, skin diseases, wound healing, reducing fevers, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland affections of eyes, treatment of tumors, digestive and respiratory diseases, and microbial Reviewed by: Pinarosa Avato, pathologies. The physico-chemical properties of berberine contribute to the high diversity Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo of extraction and detection methods. Considering its particularities this review describes Moro, Italy various methods mentioned in the literature so far with reference to the most important Sylwia Zielinska, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland factors influencing berberine extraction. Further, the common separation and detection *Correspondence: methods like thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and Andrei Mocan mass spectrometry are discussed in order to give a complex overview of the existing [email protected] methods. Additionally, many clinical and experimental studies suggest that berberine Specialty section: has several pharmacological properties, such as immunomodulatory, antioxidative, This article was submitted to cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective effects. -
Development of Plastid Genomic Resources for Discrimination and Classification of Epimedium Wushanense (Berberidaceae)
Article Development of Plastid Genomic Resources for Discrimination and Classification of Epimedium wushanense (Berberidaceae) Mengyue Guo 1,†, Li Ren 1,†, Yanqin Xu 2, Baosheng Liao 3, Jingyuan Song 1,4, Ying Li 1,4, Nitin Mantri 5, Baolin Guo 1, Shilin Chen 3,4 and Xiaohui Pang 1,4,* 1 Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China 2 College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China 3 Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China 4 Engineering Research Center of Tradition Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China 5 The Pangenomics Group, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-10-5783-3051 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 24 June 2019; Accepted: 14 August 2019; Published: 16 August 2019 Abstract: Epimedium wushanense (Berberidaceae) is recorded as the source plant of Epimedii Wushanensis Folium in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. However, controversies exist on the classification of E. wushanense and its closely related species, namely, E. pseudowushanense, E. chlorandrum, E. mikinorii, E. ilicifolium, and E. borealiguizhouense. These species are often confused with one another because of their highly similar morphological characteristics. This confusion leads to misuse in the medicinal market threatening efficiency and safety. Here, we studied the plastid genomes of these Epimedium species. -
Berberidaceae) Endemic to China
Phytotaxa 204 (2): 147–152 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.204.2.5 Taxonomic notes on three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae) endemic to China YAN-JUN ZHANG, HAI-SHAN DANG, JIAN-QIANG LI* & YING WANG * Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China * Authors for correspondence: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Three species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae), E. reticulatum, E. shuichengense and E. truncatum, are controversial based on flower characteristics. In this paper, the descriptions of their flower characters of these three species are revised based on our extensive studies in herbaria and observations in the field and cultivation. E. reticulatum is transferred from ser. Brachycerae to ser. Campanulatae, and E. shuichengense is recognized as a member of ser. Davidianae. The holotype and isotypes of E. reticulatum represent two species, E. reticulatum and E. membranaceum, and the type material of E. truncatum has been lost. Here we lectotypy E. reticulatum and neotypify E. truncatum. Key words: Epimedium, flower characters, revision, lectotype, neotype Introduction Epimedium Linnaeus (1753: 117) is the largest herbaceous genus of Berberidaceae, with about 58 species distributed disjunctly and very unevenly in temperate hilly or montane regions from Algeria in North Africa to Japan in Asia (Stearn 2002; Ying et al. 2011). China is the diversity center of Epimedium, and possesses about 48 species of the genus which are all endemics except Epimedium koreanum Nakai (1936: 63). -
Two New Mahoberberis Hybrids
ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME 18 AYRIL 11, 1958 NUMBER 2 TWO NEW MAHOBERBERIS HYBRIDS new Mahoberberis hybrids have been growing in the Arnold Arboretum T4V0since 1948 when they were first obtained from Sweden. These are decidedly different, one from the other, but apparently both have possibilities as ornamen- tal broad-leaved evergreens in those northern areas where Mahonia aqufolium proves hardy. They have been growing out-of-doors during most of this period, without special winter protection. They have neither flowered nor fruited, but appear sufficiently interestmg for their foliage alone, to be a welcome addition to the all-too-small group of broad-leaved evergreens suitable for northern planting. It must be said that one of the parents, Malzonia aquifolizzm, though twig hardy in many northern gardens, does have foliage injury in late winter, especially if grown in the full winter sun, and such may also be the case with these two new hybrids. It is recommended that both of these be planted in situations where they have some winter shade. After further trials in various parts of the country, we will know more about their hardiness limits than we do at present. Mr. Holger Jensen of Ramlosa, Sweden, noticed these first in 1943 as new hybrid seedlings and reported them m a Swedish publication, but did not de- scribe them, and in 1948 sent over two small plants of each to the Arnold Arbo- retum for trial. In 1950, Mr. Gert Krussmann, Curator of the Dortmund- Briinninghausen Botanical Gardens in Germany, preva~led upon Mr. -
Quercus Drymeja Unger and Q. Mediterranea Unger
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 241 (2017) 98–128 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Taxonomy and palaeoecology of two widespread western Eurasian Neogene sclerophyllous oak species: Quercus drymeja Unger and Q. mediterranea Unger Thomas Denk a,⁎, Dimitrios Velitzelos b,TuncayH.Günerc, Johannes M. Bouchal a,d, Friðgeir Grímsson d,GuidoW.Grimmd,e a Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden b National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, Department of Historical Geology and Paleontology, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15784, Greece c Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Botany, 34473 Bahceköy, Istanbul, Turkey d University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, 1090 Vienna, Austria e Unaffiliated, 45100 Orléans, France article info abstract Article history: Sclerophyllous oaks (genus Quercus) play important roles in Neogene ecosystems of south-western Eurasia. Received 31 May 2016 Modern analogues (‘nearest living relatives’) for these oaks have been sought among five of six infrageneric lin- Accepted 30 January 2017 eages of Quercus, distributed across the entire Northern Hemisphere. A revision of leaf fossils from lower Miocene Available online 10 February 2017 to Pliocene deposits suggests that morphotypes of the Quercus drymeja complex are very similar to a number of extant Himalayan, East Asian, and Southeast Asian species of Quercus Group Ilex and may indicate subtropical, Keywords: Quercus Group Ilex relatively humid conditions. Quercus mediterranea comprises leaf morphotypes that are encountered in modern Plant fossil Mediterranean species of Quercus Group Ilex, but also in Himalayan and East Asian members of this group indi- Modern analogue cating fully humid or summer-wet conditions.