DOCSLIB.ORG

1994:08 the Content and Environmentalimpact from the Waste Depositoryin Sillamae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1994:08 the Content and Environmentalimpact from the Waste Depositoryin Sillamae SSI-rapport 94-08 Hans Ehdwall, et al. The content and environmental impact from the waste depository in Sillamae ISSN 0282-4434 Pris: 50 kronor Statens stra/skyddsinstitut Nummer , Number: 94-08 Swedish Radiation Protection Institute ISSN: 0282-4434 Titelblad / Title page Datum' Date of issue: 19940822 Forfattare , Author: Hans Ehdwall, Bjarn Sundblad, Vladimir Nosov, Henno Putnik, Raimo Mustonen, Laina Salonen, Henning Ovale Avdelning , Division: Huvudenheten for karnenergi Dokumentets titel' Title of the document: The content and environmental impact from the waste depositor in Sillamae. Sammanfattning , Abstract: The studies of the waste depository in Sillamae, Estonia, shows that the content as well as the wall material is typical tailings from chemical enrichment of uranium ore. The environmental impact from radioactive substances as well as heavy metals has been estimated. Results show the major radiological impact to the population in the Sillamae town is the exposure to radon and its daughter products emanating from the depository. The impact on the Gulf of Finland is limited to a few hundred metres outside the coast-line. Nyckelord (valda av fMattaren) I Key words (chosen by the author): Sillamae, uranium, waste deposit, thorium, loparite, environmental radiation, modelling. Antal sidor , Number of pages: 40 The Sillamae project - Final Report The content and environmental impact from the waste depository in Sillamae Foreword A project group with members from Finland, Sweden, Estonia In spring 1992, it was decided that and later from Norway was a project investigating radiological established and the first meeting, and other hazards from the waste June 1992, was held in Sillamae depository in Sillamae, Estonia, at the RAS Silmet plant. should be initiated. The objective for this project was to quantify the Financing of the project has been environmental impact of the secured by founds from the depository from the radiological Finnish, the Swedish and the point of view as well as risks from Norwegian governments. The heavy metals at present and in the contribution from Estonia has future. Two scenarios should be been in the form of manpower, studied, the first one was that the without which, this project would integrity of the waste depository have been impossible to fulfil. remains as it is today and the second one if, of some reason, the This report is the result from many whole deposit suddenly at one different contributers. The first instant moment would to slide initial investigations, 1992, were down into the Gulf of Finland. made by staff from the Swedish These two cases are to be Radiation Protection Institute considered as extreme cases and (SSI) and from the Finnish Center would thus cover all other for Radiation and Nuclear Safety thinkable scenarios. (STUK) and the results have earlier been presented in a pre In addition the project should also document (1). propose measures to be taken to reduce present environmental In 1993, the Norwegian Institute impact and, in form of new for Energy Technology, IFE, was projects, investigations and given the assigment to make a measures, propose the more detailed investigation of the continuation of how to remediate depository. This investigation was the waste deposit area. made in cooperation with the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NGI, and the Geotechnical 2 Engineering Bureau in Estonia the end of 1993. However, the (GIB). The results from this project group had to postpone that investigation are in detail to a later date. As we today presented in an special report (2). deliver our report to our orders we have behind us a lot of interesting Studsvik EcoSafe was assigned to work and good companionship. It make the modelling of the have been of great value to us to radiological environmental impact have had this opportunity to work for two differnt scenarios where together in this international group the first one was the present and we hope that our work will be situation and the second if, of the input for the future restoration some reason, the content of the work at Sillamae. deposit suddenly was released to the Gulf of Finland. Results from this modelli ng are also presented For the project group in a report (5). The original plans were that this first project should be finished by Hans Ehdwall 3 THE SILLAMAE PROJECT Project group members Mr. Hans Ehdwall Swedish Radiation Protection Institute (SSI) Mr. Bjarn Sundblad Studsvik AB, Sweden Mr. Vladimir Nosov RAS Silmet, Estonia Mr. Henno Putnik Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, Estonia Mr. Raimo Mustonen Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK) Mrs. Laina Salonen Finnish Centre for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (STUK) Mr. Henning Ovale Institutt fOr energiteknikk (IFE), Norway 4 Table of contents page No 1 Summary 5 2 Introduction 6 2.1 Background 2.2 The main geological features of the area surrounding the Sillamae waste depository 3 Material and methods 10 3.1 Pond 3.1.1 Radioactive elements 3.1.2 Chemical compounds 3.1.3 Stability 3.2 Ground water 3.3 Radon measurements 3.4 Marine 3.4.1 Chemical 3.4.2 Radioactive 3.4.3 Erosion of coast line 4 Results and discussion 17 4.1 Pond 4.1.1 Radioactive elements 4.1.2 Chemical compounds 4.1.3 Stability 4.2 Ground water 4.3 Radon measurements 4.4 Marine 4.4.1 . Chemical 4.4.2 Radiactive 4.4.3 Erosion of coast line 5 Risk assesment - modelling 25 6 Recommendations 27 -new waste management (new project) -stabilisation -decreasing Rn emanation -decreasing gamma exposure -decreasing leakage into sea -constructions outside waste pond (warnings) -future use of site - documentation -information - general public - authorities 7 Conclusions 29 8 Tables 31 5 The content and environmental impact from the waste depository in Sillamae 1 Summary Gulf of Finland are in both cases During 1992 and 1993, estimated to be in the order of 1 investigations of the waste manSv. Individual committed depository in Sillamae have been doses are estimated to be 1 and 2 made. Samples for the evaluation IlSV, respectively. of radioactive substances as well as heavy metals have been taken The results of the study indicate from the deposit and its sur­ that the isotopic enrichment of roundings. 235U has not been performed at the Sillamae plant. Also there The major radiological impact to were no indications of dumping the population in the town of other kinds of radioactive waste in Sillamae comes from the the depository. inhalation of airborne radon and its daug hter products. The The project group proposes that environmental impact to the Gulf the Sillamae project continues. Its of Finland can be observed only task should be to investigate the to the immediate coast line just possibilities for the restoration of outside the depository. the area. But before that the stability has to be investigated Collective committed radiation further and the limitation of doses during 50 years for the erosion of the coast line must be present release and in the case of considered. a sudden release of the whole content of the depository into the 6 2 Introduction 2.1 Background nium (about 0.03%) and in particular thorium (0.6%). Since Sillamae is a small town in north 1977, no uranium ore has been east Estonia, some 185 km east of processed at the plant. Today the Tallinn. It has about 20 000 plant is operating only about inhabitants and has been 15-20% of its production capacity developed around the Sillamae due to shortage of raw material Metallurgy Plant, today the state and chemicals for the process. joint-stock company called RAS Silmet. Until recently, the plant be­ The waste from the uranium longed to and was managed by processing was transported to the the USSR Ministry of first marine terrace of Paite cape Medium-Scale Engineering and its near the plant and stored at the production was uranium for surface until 1959, when a waste military and civil use. depository was established. The depository has been re­ The Sillamae Plant was built in constructed a couple of times in 1948 as a top secret facility, the last decades and in 1969-70 it originally for processing was expanded to its present size. alum-shale (about 0.03% of U) Waste material from inside of the from Estonia. Later uranium ore depository was then used for the from eastern Europe (up to 1% of construction of the walls of the U) was processed. As a total, 4 impoundment. From 1977 to 1989 013 000 tons of uranium ore were the depository has been used for processed at the plant. Most of the disposal of oil-shale ash and the ore was brought from wastes from loparite processing. Czechoslovakia (2.2 million tons) The annual volume of disposal of and from Hungary (1.2 million loparite waste in recent years had tons). Minor amounts of uranium been about 20 000 tons per year, ore were brought from Poland, and oil-shale ash has been Romania, Bulgaria and DDR. Until disposed over neighbouring area 1970, only uranium ore and in west from the main depository alum-shale were processed at the during the last years. plant. In the beginning of the Today, the depository is an oval 1970s the plant switched to proc­ retention impoundment on the essing of loparite - a mineral from waterfront of the Gulf of Finland the Kola Peninsula rich in niobium, with an overall area of about 330 tantalum and rare earth metals. In 000 m2, containing some 8 million addition loparite also contains m3 (about 12 million tons) of elevated concentrations of ura- wastes, the top of the dam being 7 about 25 meters above sea level. shales (age ca.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site, Estonia Cheryl K. Rofer, E-ET Tonis Ka
    Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Title: Turning a Problem into a Resource: Remediation and Waste Management at the Sillamae Site, Estonia Author(s) Cheryl K. Rofer, E-ET Tonis Kaasik, OkoSil Ltd., Tallinn, Estonia Submitted to Conference Proceedings From a NATO Advanced Research Womhop, ,-e in Tallinn, Estonia, October 5 - 9, 1998 To be submitted to Kluwer Publishers, Belgium .- - _I CONTENTS Introduction and Recommendations Cheryl K. Rofer and Tirnis Kaasik ......................................................................... .V INTRODUCTORY MATERLAC: THE'SITUA'ITON AT SILLAM& Industrial Complex in Northeast Estonia: Technical, Economic and Environmental Aspects Mihkel Veiderma,.................................................................................................. .2 Uranium processing at SilWe and Decommissioning of the Tailings E. Lippmaa and E. Maremde .................................................................................. 5 Sillawe-A Common Baltic Concern Jan OlofSnihs...................................................................................................... .5 Master Plan for Remediation of the Sillami4e Tailings Pond and Technical Design Project T&is Kaasik ........................................................................................................ .21 Site Monitoring VladimirNosov ..................................................................................................... 27 Stability of the Dam at the SiUamiie Tailings Pond M. Mets and H. Torn,........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Conference on Nuclear Knowledge Management: Strategies, Information Management and Human Resource Development
    Flyer.qxd 2004-03-24 09:00 Page 1 International Conference on Steering Committee Objectives Contact Information Nuclear Knowledge Management: International Atomic H.S. Cherif The objective of this conference is to reach a clear and com- International Atomic Energy Agency Energy Agency P.J. Gowin mon understanding of issues related to nuclear knowledge Conference IAEA - CN-123 Strategies, Information Y. Ya n ev management for sustaining knowledge and expertise in nuclear Vienna International Centre France, CEA B. Gillet science and technology. Wagramer Strasse 5 CEA/INSTN D. Gentile Management and Human P.O.Box 100 CEA/INSTN C. Feltin The conference will provide a forum for professionals and deci- A-1400 Vienna, Austria EUSIDIC J. van Halm Resource Development European Commission G. van Goethem sion makers in the nuclear sector, comprising industry, govern- Tel.: +43 1 26000 FORATOM P. Haug ments and academia as well as professionals in the knowledge Fax: +43 1 26007 Japan Atomic Industrial Forum N. Ishizuka management and information technology sectors E-mail: [email protected] OECD/Nuclear Energy Agency T. Haapalehto World Nuclear University J. Ritch, World Nuclear Association ∑ to exchange information and share experience on nuclear WONUC A. Maïsseu knowledge management, comprising strategies, informa- Scientific Secretariat (IAEA) Argentina, Atomic R. Cirimello tion management and human resource development; H.S. Cherif Department of Management Energy Commission P.J. Gowin Department of Nuclear Energy Belgium, Nuclear Research F. Moons ∑ to identify lessons learned and to embark on the develop- Y.L. Yanev Department of Nuclear Energy Centre (SCK•CEN) ment of new initiatives and concepts for nuclear knowl- France, CEA C.
    [Show full text]
  • Wannabe Oligarchs: Tycoons & Influence in the Baltic States
    Conflict Studies Research Centre G111 Wannabe Oligarchs: Tycoons & Influence in the Baltic States Mel Huang In recent years the rise of an oligarch class has significantly affected some post- communist transition processes in central and east Europe (CEE), as business and political interests converge in the hands of a small powerful group taking advantage of the opportunities created by the transition process. The most notable example of the phenomenon was in post-Soviet Russia, where a group of tycoons bankrolled and engineered the 1996 re-election campaign of President Boris Yeltsin. These same figures were rewarded with powerful government posts and other shadier offerings – creating a vicious cycle of corruption, as political influence results in economic power and vice versa. However, the distribution of the phenomenon is neither universal nor even throughout CEE. Some countries, like Estonia, demonstrated a relatively strong division between the spheres of politics and business considering the great number of opportunities to exploit the transition process from both vantage points. This work will examine the differing levels of the manifestation of the oligarchy phenomenon in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Privatisation & Corruption - Roots of the Phenomenon In looking at oligarchs, it is perhaps more appropriate to focus on the concept of influence rather than power, as many define power with a negative connotation. The rewards on offer in transitional CEE were clearly significant, especially during the process of mass privatisation of valuable state assets. Following the collapse of the command economy, CEE countries embarked upon – at differing pace and extent – privatisation programmes to create the basis of a market economy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industries of Countries of the Baltic (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
    2008 Minerals Yearbook COUNTRIES OF THE BALTIC REGION (ESTONIA, LATVIA, LITHUANIA), CAUCASUS REGION (ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA), CENTRAL ASIA REGION (KAZAKHSTAN, KYRGYZSTAN, TAJIKISTAN, TURMKENISTAN, UZBEKISTAN), AND EURASIA REGION (BELARUS, MOLDOVA, RUSSIA) U.S. Department of the Interior December 2010 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RIES OF COUN T RIES OF T HE BAL T I C REGION (ES T ONIA , LA T VIA , LI T HUANIA ), CAU C ASUS REGION (AR M ENIA , AZER B AIJAN , GEORGIA ), CEN T RAL ASIA REGION (KAZA K HS T AN , KYRGYZS T AN , TAJI K IS T AN , TUR km ENIS T AN , UZ B E K IS T AN ), AND EURASIA REGION (BELARUS , MOLDOVA , RUSSIA ) By Richard M. Levine and Glenn J. Wallace The countries that are covered in this report are grouped also can include a number of the above cited minerals, as well into the following four geographic regions: the Baltic region as gallium, hafnium, tellurium, and selenium, are produced as (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the Caucasus region (Armenia, byproducts from the production of bauxite, copper, lead and Azerbaijan, Georgia), the Central Asia region (Kazakhstan, zinc, and uranium ores. A number of these minerals have been Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan), and the designated as critical and strategic by various Governments. Eurasia region (Belarus, Moldova, Russia). These countries Other elements could possibly be added to this list now, and all had been republics of the Soviet Union prior to 1992, still others will emerge as technological developments take although the United States Government never recognized place. This report, however, is only an initial effort to assess the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the production of such commodities in this part of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Waste Depository of the Sillamaee Plant
    -ii*. f I SSI-rapport 93-06 !".••••' •'• Shit t 'us Box 6020- OS -~'.'*9 ssi 10-; 01 STOCKHOLM Soha Hans Ehdwall et al Studies on the Waste Depository of the Sillamäe Plant -Sur.. fctftBStatens strålskyddsinstitut Nummer / Number: 1993-06 Swedish Radiation Protection Institute ISSN: 0282-4434 Titelblad / Title page Datum / Date of issue: 1993-03-15 Författare / Author: Hans Ehdwall, Björn Sundblad, Vladimir Nosov, Henno Putnik, Raimo Mustonen, Laina Salonen, Erkki Illus, Henning Qvale Avdelning / Division: Dokumentets titel / Title of the document: Studies on the Waste Depository of the Sillamäe Plant State of the art report from the project group Sammanfattning / Abstract: The studies on the waste material in the Sillamäe depository indicate that the wall material of the depository is typical mill tailing from chemical enrichment of uranium ore. The results from the sea sampling show that the impact from the depository on the marine environment is obvious close to the shore-line. However, the concentrations of radioactive elements decrease very rapidly as the distance from the shore increases. Nyckelord (valda av författaren) / Key words (chosen by the author): Sillamäe, uranium waste, waste deposit, thorium, loparite, environmental radiation Antal sidor / Number of pages: 10 THE SILLAMÄE PROJECT 93-03-15 STUDIES ON THE WASTE DEPOSITORY OF THE SILLAMÄE PLANT State of the art report from the project group SUMMARY The studies on the waste material in the Sillamäe depository indicate that the wall material of the depository is typical mill tailing from chemical enrichment of uranium ore. The results from the sea sampling show that the impact from the depository on the marine environment is obvious close to the shore-line.
    [Show full text]
  • Download [Pdf]
    This project is co-funded by the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development of the European Union EU Grant Agreement number: 290529 Project acronym: ANTICORRP Project title: Anti-Corruption Policies Revisited Work Package: WP3, Corruption and governance improvement in global and continental perspectives Title of deliverable: D3.3.3 Process-tracing study report on Estonia Due date of deliverable: 31 May 2015 Actual submission date: 28 May 2015 Editor: Alina Mungiu-Pippidi Authors: Valts Kalniņš Organization name of lead beneficiary for this deliverable: Hertie School of Governance Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Seventh Framework Programme Dissemination Level PU Public X PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) Co Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) Process-tracing study report on Estonia Valts Kalniņš, Centre for Public Policy PROVIDUS. [email protected] 28 May 2015 ABSTRACT In controlling corruption, Estonia is an obvious top-achiever in comparison with the rest of the post-socialist area countries. Some historical legacies apparently facilitated this state of affairs – Estonia was by and large the wealthiest republic of the Soviet Union with the most developed elements of autonomous civil society and considerable exposure to Western information. The strong anti-communist and nationalist mood of Estonians appear to be a key driving force behind the drastic replacement of the ruling elite, which culminated in the 1992 parliamentary elections. This report explores the replacement of the old Communist nomenclature, provides insights into some of the reforms undertaken and the roles of their proponents.
    [Show full text]
  • Estonian Economy
    -Volume 7, No.7/8 July-August/2003 Estonian Economy ESTONIAN ECONOMIC POLICY.............................2 the Economist Group Estonia can achieve the present average EU level in 30-35 years, while it may MAJOR ECONOMIC INDICATORS..........................3 take Poland 60 years and Romania as much as 80 years GDP ..........................................................................................3 to achieve it. Harmonization of tax laws will become a PRICES.......................................................................................3 very complicated and lengthy process in the EU, FOREIGN TRADE......................................................................4 because the countries' needs differ a great deal. As a FISCAL POLICY...................................................................4 result, Estonia can now design its tax reform in peace LABOUR MARKET.....................................................................5 and should simply ignore other countries' complaints in DEVELOPMENT BY SECTO RS ..................................6 that respect. IT ...............................................................................................6 Estonia has improved its ranking in the world BANKING..................................................................................6 economic freedom index covering 123 countries of INSURANCE..........................................................................7 the world, climbing from last year's 41st to 16th INDUSTRY.................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS
    Legal Affairs OECD ((e Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe Legal Affairs Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: − to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; − to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and − to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996) and the Republic of Korea (12th December 1996). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention).
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Easterna Europe and The
    OECD DOCUMENTS Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: ± to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining ®nancial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; ± to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and ± to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996) and the Republic of Korea (12th December 1996). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency.
    [Show full text]
  • Leaching Study of Heavy and Radioactive Elements Present in Wastes Discarded by a Uranium Extraction and Processing Facility
    EE00000001 INIS-EE—001 BASIC LEACHING TESTS FOR PURE LONG LIVED BETA EMITTERS IN RADIOACTIVE WASTE CEC Project F12W-CT90-0032 CEC Contract F12WCT0032 LEACHING STUDY OF HEAVY AND RADIOACTIVE ELEMENTS PRESENT IN WASTES DISCARDED BY A URANIUM EXTRACTION AND PROCESSING FACILITY PECO '93 Programme Project leaders A.Pihlak E.Lippmaa Co-authors : E.Maremae A.Sirk E.Uustalu August 1995, Final Report Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Ravala Puiestee 10, Tallinn EE0001, Estonia TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. METHODS 4 3. RESULTS 13 3.1. Properties and composition of the waste 13 3.2. Characterization of leaching water (leachant) 16 3.3. Leaching of samples with demineralized and sea water 17 3.3.1. Leaching of loparite ore processing wastes (L-experiments) 17 3.3.2. Leaching of uranium ore processing wastes (U-experiments) 20 3.3.2.1. Experiments with dump material from the depth of 14.52-f16.20 m (Ul-experiments) 20 3.3.2.2. Experiments with dump material from the depth of 19.44-i-20.04 m (Ull-experiments) 23 3.4. Migration coefficients of components 25 3.5. Some chemical and physical properties of leaching waters 26 3.6. Application of results 28 4. SUMMARY 28 5. CONCLUSIONS 33 Literature 35 Tables Figures Abstract The present report provides a systematic leaching study of the waste depository at the Sillamae metallurgical plant "Silmet" (former uranium extraction and processing facility), its construction and environmental impact. The following data is presented: y-activity data of the depository
    [Show full text]
  • Planning for Environmental Restoration of Uranium Mining and Milling Sites
    XA9846516_J3/ IAEA-TECDOC-982 Planningfor environmental restoration of uranium mining millingand sites in central easternand Europe Proceedings of a workshop held under the Technical Co-operation Project RER/9/022 on Environmental Restoration in Central and Eastern Europe, Felix, Romania, 4-8 November 1996 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC .ENERGY AC3ENOY November 1997 The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders should be accompanied by prepayment of Austrian Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro INIe mth S Clearinghouse. The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Waste Technology Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria PLANNIN ENVIRONMENTAR GFO L RESTORATIO URANIUF NO M MININ MILLIND GAN G SITE CENTRASN I EASTERD LAN N EUROPE IAEA, VIENNA, 1997 IAEA-TECDOC-982 ISSN 1011-4289 © IAEA, 1997 Printed by the IAEA in Austria November 1997 FOREWORD Environmental degradation is a serious issue in most countries of central and eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. As a result of extensive exploitation of natural resources and in particular of the mining and milling of uranium ores, large areas have become radioactively contaminated necessitating restoration and/or appropriate lanmanagemene dus t technique ensuro st e thahealte th safettd han f affecte o y d populatio t compromisedno e nar .
    [Show full text]
  • The Silmet Plant Jennifer R. Jackson Supervisor: Maroš Krivý Masters Of
    1 Material Infrastructures of Transition: The Silmet Plant Jennifer R. Jackson Supervisor: Maroš Krivý Masters of Science in Urban Studies Tallinn 2020 2 Copyright Declaration I hereby declare that: 1. the present Master’s thesis is the result of my personal contribution and it has not been submitted (for defence) earlier by anyone else; 2. all works and important viewpoints by other authors as well as any other data from other sources used in the compilation of the Master’s thesis are duly acknowledged in the references; 3. I give consent to the Estonian Academy of Arts to publish my Master’s thesis in the repository thus making it available for the general public by means of the Internet. Pursuant to the above, I state that: - I as the author of the thesis am the sole owner of the individual copyright of the present Master’s thesis and the works included and/or described within the thesis and the disposal of the proprietary rights related with the Master’s thesis is subject to the procedures in force at the Estonian Academy of Arts; - as the Master’s thesis published in the repository may be accessed by an unlimited number of persons, I presume that the readers of the thesis comply with laws and other legal acts and good practices in good faith, in a fair manner and with respect to and consideration of the rights of other people. The copying, plagiarising or any use of the present Master’s thesis and the works included and/or described within the thesis that infringes the copyright is prohibited.
    [Show full text]