Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Easterna Europe and The

OECD DOCUMENTS Overview of Nuclear Legislation in Central and Eastern Europe and the NIS NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14th December 1960, and which came into force on 30th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: ± to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining ®nancial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; ± to contribute to sound economic expansion in Member as well as non-member countries in the process of economic development; and ± to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, non-discriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28th April 1964), Finland (28th January 1969), Australia (7th June 1971), New Zealand (29th May 1973), Mexico (18th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21st December 1995), Hungary (7th May 1996), Poland (22nd November 1996) and the Republic of Korea (12th December 1996). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1st February 1958 under the name of the OEEC European Nuclear Energy Agency. It received its present designation on 20th April 1972, when Japan became its ®rst non-European full Member. NEA membership today consists of all OECD Member countries, except New Zealand and Poland. The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the Agency. The primary objective of the NEA is to promote co-operation among the governments of its participating countries in furthering the development of nuclear power as a safe, environmentally acceptable and economic energy source. This is achieved by: ± encouraging harmonization of national regulatory policies and practices, with particular reference to the safety of nuclear installations, protection of man against ionising radiation and preservation of the environment, radioactive waste management, and nuclear third party liability and insurance; ± assessing the contribution of nuclear power to the overall energy supply by keeping under review the technical and economic aspects of nuclear power growth and forecasting demand and supply for the different phases of the nuclear fuel cycle; ± developing exchanges of scienti®c and technical information particularly through participation in common services; ± setting up international research and development programmes and joint undertakings. In these and related tasks, the NEA works in close collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has concluded a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with other international organisations in the nuclear ®eld. PubliÂe en franËcais sous le titre : PANORAMA DE LA LEGISLATIONÂ NUCLEAIREÂ EN EUROPE CENTRALE ET ORIENTALE ET DANS LES NEI OECD 1998 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre franËcais d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris, France, Tel. (33-1) 44 07 47 70, Fax (33-1) 46 34 67 19, for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508)750-8400, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA, or CCC Online: http://www.copyright.com/. All other applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue AndrÂe-Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France. FOREWORD This study provides an overview of current legislation governing the peaceful uses of nuclear energy in Central and Eastern European countries and the New Independent States. Revised to include information obtained since its original publication in October 1995, the current issue focuses on the institutional and legal frameworks which have been established in the countries under consideration. We wish to express our deep appreciation to all of our contacts in Eastern Europe, whose invaluable assistance helped make this new study possible. The study follows a systematic format to facilitate research and comparison among the various countries. While certain legislative texts have already been cited in the NEA’s Nuclear Law Bulletin, we thought that it would nevertheless be helpful to make brief references to such texts once again in the current study. This study is derestricted on the responsiblity of the Secretary-General of the OECD. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARMENIA........................................................................................................................................ 7 BELARUS ........................................................................................................................................ 13 BULGARIA...................................................................................................................................... 19 CROATIA......................................................................................................................................... 27 CZECH REPUBLIC......................................................................................................................... 33 ESTONIA ......................................................................................................................................... 41 HUNGARY ...................................................................................................................................... 47 KAZAKSTAN.................................................................................................................................. 55 LATVIA ........................................................................................................................................... 61 LITHUANIA .................................................................................................................................... 67 POLAND .......................................................................................................................................... 73 ROMANIA ....................................................................................................................................... 81 RUSSIAN FEDERATION............................................................................................................... 91 SLOVAK REPUBLIC ..................................................................................................................... 101 SLOVENIA ...................................................................................................................................... 109 UKRAINE ........................................................................................................................................ 119 PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR TREATIES............................................ 127 5 ARMENIA Introduction Armenia has one nuclear power station at Medzamor, which consists of two reactors, both VVER-440, model V230 (or V270 after the modification with seismic upgrades), and each with a capacity of 411 MWe. Only one reactor is currently in operation, Unit 2, having been returned to service in October 1995 after a six-year shutdown following an earthquake in December 1988. The Armenian Government indicated in its 1995 energy programme its intention to operate the Medzamor plant (Unit 2) until 2005 and to build a new nuclear plant between 2005 and 2010. Competent Nuclear Authorities In November 1993, the Armenian Government established a department to monitor nuclear and radiation safety, called the Armenian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (Armgosatomnadzor). This authority is responsible for regulating and supervising all uses of nuclear energy within Armenia. The utilisation of atomic energy must be done safely, so as to ensure the health of the public and of the personnel working at nuclear power stations and to protect the environment. The Authority is comprised of experts who have worked in nuclear power stations and in the nuclear energy field in general. It is directly responsible to the Prime Minister and is independent of other governmental organisations and licensees. The obligations and responsibilities of the Authority and the tasks of its officials are stipulated by the Government in its “Statement concerning the Regulatory Authority”. The operator of the Medzamor Plant is the Armenian Nuclear Power Station, which is under the authority of the Minister of Energy, who is responsible for its safe operation. In respect of emergency planning and management, the Armenian Government has established the Emergency Management Administration, which has responsibility for co-ordinating internal and international co-operation and assistance in the event of a nuclear or radiation accident. The responsibility for the notification of nuclear

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