DAY MISSIONS) THE \ / 5 *•*, SEVENTY-THIRD REPORT

O F T H E BASEL GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION

m

SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA

FOR THE YEAR

’-tr

MANGALORE

PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS

European Missionaries

of t2a.e B a se l G-eim an. IE3-<7-a,:n.g-elical HvTissioia..

Corrected up to the end of May 1913.

(ra) = married; * = unordained.

JSTame Native CflMtu Ent. Service S ta tio n

1. J. G. K ühnle (in) Germany 1878 Manjeri, Malabar 2. J. J. Jaus (m) do. 1879 Calicut, do. 3. Fr. Stierlin (m) * do. 1880 Mangalore, S. Kanara 4. J. Fischer (m) do. 1881. Anandapur, Coorg 5. F. Eisfelder (m) do. 1882 Guledgudd, S.Mahr. 6. B. Lüthi (m) Switzerland 1884 Bettigeri, do. 7. K. Hole (m) Germany 1884 Cannanore, Malabar 8. D. Berli (m) Switzerland 1885 H ubli, S. Mahratta 9. H. Risch (m) Germany 1888 K aity, Niigiris 10. H. Bretschneider (m) * do. 1890 Mangalore, S. Kan. 11. Ph. Stier (m) do. 1891 Kalhatti, Nilg-iris 12. Tr, Lutz (m) Switzerland 1892 H onavar, N, Kauara 13. H. Baechle (m) Germ any 1893 Mangalore, 6. Kanara 14. P. Sengle (m) do. 1894 Tellicherry, Malabar 15. H. Knobloch (m)* do. 1895 Calicut, do.

16. W. Stokes, M. B ., C. M. E D . (m)* India 1895 do. do. 17. G. Fischer (m) Germany 1896 K arkal, S. Kanara 18. A. Schosser (m) do. 1896 Mangalore, do. 19. E. Lüthy (m) Switzerland 1896 Bijapur, S. Mahratta 20. H. Kühner (m)* Germany 1896 Tellicherry, Malabar 21, H. Eidenbenz (m)* Switzerland 1896 Cannanore, do. 22. G. Renschler (m) Germany 1897 Chombala, do. 23. Chr. Dürr (m) do. 1897 Kasaragod, S. Kan. 24. H. Stokes (m)* India 1898 Udipi, do. 25. M. Stuckert (m)* Switzerland 1898 Calicut, Malabar

1* 4

Name Native Country Ent. Servil Station

26. W. Heckeimann (m)* Germany 1898 Ferok, Mula bar 27. A. Scheuer (m) do. 1899 Tellicherry, do. 28. A. Beierbach (m)* do. 1899 Mangalore, S.Kanara 2 9 .1. Pfleiderer (m) do. 1899 Udipi, do. 30. H. Haffner (m)* do. 1899 Cannanore, Malabar 31. J. Maue (m) do. 1899 P alghat, do. 32. H. H ofm ann (ra)* do. 1900 Calicut, do. 33. A. Spring (m) do. 1900 Guledgudd, S. Mahr. 34. Chr. Benz (m)* do. 1901 Calicut, Malabar 35. R. Banz (m) do. 1901 Mangalore, S. Kanara 36. J. Ruopp (m) do. 1901 Codacal, Malabar 37. H. Simon (m)* do. 1902 M angalore,S . Kanara 38. Fr. Schweikharfc (m) do. 1902 Mercara, Coorg 39. E. Bommer (m) do. 1902 Dhar war, S. Mah ra 11 a 40. 0. Frohling (m) * do. 1908 Cannanore, Malabar 41. K. Grossmann (m) do. 1903 M oolky, S. Kanara 42. A. Seiler (m) * do. 1904 Calicut, Malabar 43. H. Schmid (m)* do. 1904 P alghat, do. 44. G. Bräckle (m)* do. 1904 Mangalore, 8. Kanara 45. Fr. Bresch (m) * do. 1905 do. do. 46. G. Forrer (m)* Switzerland 1905 Mercara, Coorg 47. D. Mall (m)* Germ any 1906 Codacal, Malabar 48. Th. Ritter (m) do. 1906 Puttur, 8. Kanara 49. O. Feil (m) do. 1906 Yaniyankulam,Mai. 50. K. Yolz (m) do. 1906 K otagiri, NtlgirU 51. G. We3sel (m) do. 1906 Manjerj, Malabar 52. H. Weller (m) do. 1907 Udipi, S. Kanara 53. A. Blum (m) do. 1907 Mangalore, do. 54. J. L ang * do. 1908 Calicut, Malabar 55. A. Bernius (m) do. 1908 Basrur, S. Kanara 56. G. Lübke do. 1908 Tellicherry, Malabar 57. J. Kämmerer (m) * do. 1909 Mangalore, S. Kanara 58. S. Gysin * Switzerland 1909 Calicut, Malabar 5

N a m e Native Country Ent. Service S ta tio n

59. K. Schmidt (m)* Germany 1909 Ferok, Malabar 60. Ch. Wagner do. 1909 Udipi, S. Kannrn 61. M. Müller do. 1909 Dharwar, S. M ah ra 11 a 62. J. Sehren k do. 1910 P alghat, Malabar 63. H. Bach do. 1910 Anandapur, Coorg 64. G. Probst do. 1910 Codacal, Malabar 65. P. Wiegand do. 1910 Mangalore, S . K anara 66. R. Schober (m) * do. 1911 do. do. 67. K. Widmann* do. 1911 Calicut, Malabar 68. G. Schmid do. 1911 Mangalore S. Kanara 69. A. Münch do. 1911 Honavar, N. Kanara 70. K. Kieber do. , 1911 Kaity, Nilgiris 71. W. Geyer* do. 1912 Codacal, Malalar 72. R. Vogel* Switzerland 1912 Cannanore, do.

73. R. Daub, Ph. d . * Germ any 1912 Calicut, do. 74. J. Urner Switzerland 1912 Dharwar, S. Mahratta 75. E. Hahn Germany 1912 Codacal, Malabar

76. P. Burckhardt, t>h. d . (m) Switzerland 1912 Tellicherry, Malabar 77. J. Huber do. 1912 Bettigeri, S. Mahratta 78. J. Kühnle Germ any 1912 Moolky, S. Kanara 79. P. Buhl do. 1918 Mangalore, do.

Single Ladies.

80. Miss H. Krauss G erm any 1898 MaDgalore,S. Kanara 81. A. Ehrensperger Switzerland 1900 Calicut, Mftlttbar

82. TJ J. M etzger Germ any 1902 do. do. 83. n E. Schneider do. 1903 Cannanore, do. 84. :> M. Stähelin Switzerland 1903 Hubli, S. Mahratta 85. y> E. W uttke Russia 1907 Cannanore, Malabar 86. n J. Majer Germ any 1910 Calicut, do. 87. u M. W eisser do. 1910 M angalore,S. Kanara 88. L. Jakob Switzerland 1910 do. do. 89. A. Stepper Germany 1911 Calicut, Malabar 6

N a m e Native Couitry Ent. Service S ta tio n

90. Miss M. Bahlinger Germany 1911 Bettigeri, s. Mahra. 91. „ Y. Specht do. 1912 Calicut, Malabar 92. „ M. M eyer Switzerland 1912 do. do. 98. „ K. Herbst Germany 1912 Bettigeri, 8. Mahra.

A t Home.

L ate of 94. A. Brasche (m) G erm any 1869 Udipi, S. Kanara 95. G. Benner (m)* do. 1877 Ferok, Malabar 96. K. Ernst (m) do. 1881 Bettigeri, S. Mah. 97. G. P eter (m) Switzerland 1885 Palghat, Malabar 98. A. Glattfelder (m)* do. 1886 Mangalore, S. Kanara 99. G. Wieland (m) Germany 1888 Kalhatti, Nilgiris 100. Fr. Yolz (m) * do. 1888 Calicut, Malabar 101. M. Breidenbach (m) do. 1892 Moolky, S. Kanara 102. K. Mayer (m) do. 1893 Bijapur, S. Mahratta 103. P. Simpfendörfer (m)* do. 1900 Mangalore, S. Kanara 104.N, Zerwecfc, Dr. ph. & med. (m) do. 1901 B ettigeri,S.Mahratta 105. J. Meyer, pi», d. (m> Switzerland 1901 Tellicherry, Malabar 106. W . M üller (m) Germany 1902 Calicut, do. 107. J. Spieth (m) do. 1902 Guledgudd, S. Mah. 108. Fr. Straub (m) do. 1903 Codacal, Malabar 109. Fr. Keudel (m)* do. 1904 Mangalore,S. Kanara 110. Fr. Schimming (m)* do. 1905 Cannanore, Mala bar 111. K. Tanner (m) Switzerland 1905 Dharwar, S. Mah. 112. W. Hauer Germ any 1907 Palghat, Malabar 133. A. Jucker Switzerland 1907 Chombala, do. 114. K. Schäfer Germ any 1907 Cannanore, do. 115. 0. Wiithrich* Switzerland 1908 Mangalore, 8 .Kanara 116. P. Beck G erm any 1908 Udipi, S. Kanara

117. Miss M. Beck do. 1903 Dharwar, S. Mah. 118. „ E. Lempp do. 1905 Bettigeri, do. Detailed Table of Stations, Out-stations, and Workers 1 s t T a x 1.-0 . a r 3 r ± © 1 . 3 .

Stations Indian Workers: — and Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

1.M angalore 1 a) Pastoral a) Pastoral and Evangelistic Work Balmatha, Uilal, Rev. H. Bæchle, in charge of Rev. Timothy Furtado, Balm atha Jeppu, Bockapatna, station and Dist. School Tnsp. „ Joshua So ans, Mercara Hill Rolma, Bantwal, Rev. R. Bunz, District Secu­ „ Obed Sumitra, Bockapatna Gurpur. la r A gent „ Winfried Micha, Jeppoo Rev. P. Wiegand, itinerancy Mr. L. Soens, Evangelist, Panambur „ Satyanatha Suraantha, U llal b) Educational „ M. Jayantha, Bolma Rev. A. Schosser, Theolog. „ N. Shatananda, itinerancy Sem inary, President of the „ H. Bangera, „ M ission „ D. Pengle, „ Rev. A. Blum, Sec. School M iss M. W eisser, Girls’ Sch. b) Educational Work „ L. Jakob, „ „ Mr. Chr. Watsa ) „ Chr. Maben I Theological c) M ercan tile ~ , _ , I Teachers Mr. Fr. Bresch, Agent of the „ Gabr. J o h n l industrial Establishments „ P. Shiri, Training School fo r in Kanara mistresses „ O.Wiithrich, M.M.-Branch „ Fr. Jathanna, School a n d „ Fr. Keudel, Book-Depot Satyadipike „ I. Eliezer, School, Bantival d) In d u s tria l „ J . Sona, Sec. School Mr. F . Stierlin, Weaving Est. v H. Bretschneider, Tile Works, Kudroli „ A. Beierbach, Press „ H. Simon, Tile Works, 'Jeppoo „ G. Brack le, Mech. Establ. „ J. Kammerer, Tile W ., K udroli „ R. Schober, Tile Works, yeppoo 8

Stations Indian Workers : — a n d European Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

2 . M o o lk y . Rev. K. Grossmann, eongreg., Rev. St. Jathanna, Padur eongreg. schools and orphanage Kadike, „ Chr. Salis, Moolky , Saatnr, Ucbila, Rev. J. Kiibnle, studying Tulu Mr. G. Premaya, E vangelist A.'oo/ky Pador, Kutyar, D iitrict Mandera. „ J. Keiranna, K u tya r „ G. Bangera, Kadike „ A. Sumitra, Uchila „ J. Rajiva, Moolky itinerancy B Penuel Soens, Second. School

3. XJdipi. Rev. I. Pfleiderer, See. School, R ev. Gabr. Bangera, Udipi congr. P artala, Malpe, Boys’ Orphanage and Teach­ „ Nahason Vira, Gudde „ Cdyavara, Cudde, ers’ Training School „ Sam. Furtado, M alpe * S hirrs, Ambadi, R ev. H . "Weller, congregation, Madaubail, „ A. Furtado, M adambail „ out-stations and itinerancy Kalyanapnr, Chara. Mr. N ath. Kunder, Evang. Chara Rev. Ch. Wagner, itinerancy and „ J. Vedamuttu, Udyavara congr. out-stations , J . Sun it a, itinerancy Arur „ Mr. H . Stokes, Malpe T ile „ S. Bangera, „ Udipi „ W orks v W . H eri, „ A. Heri, Ambadi congregation „ D. Amanna, itinerancy Shiriva „ L. Devadatta, „ Udipi „ M. Kunder, B Chara „ Raph. Satyavrita, orphanage „ V . Sheshachallam, b . j .. t . , Secondary School, Udipi

4. K arkal. R ev. G. Fischer, congregation, Rev. P. Soens, Karkal eongreg. Beilar, Nandolige, schools, and Chairman of Mr. J. Bhagyan, Beilur congr. and Mudar, IHurur, District Committee itinerancy Mudabidri, „ Samuel Sumitra, Karkal, itin. Kal ambadi. „ G. Fernandez, M udar „ „ S. Karkada, K a rka l „ „ Prasada Soens, M udabidri „ 9

Stations Indian W orkers: — and European Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants 5. Basrur. Rev. P. Beck, itinerancy Mr. W . Fernandez, Evang. Basrur, Coondapour. « J. Bangera, congreg. „ „ • S. Philipp, Basrur itinerancy „ S. Karat, Coondapoor congr. and itinerancy

6. K a s a r a - R ev. Chr. Durr, congregation, Rev. Im. Soens, congr. and itin. god. out-stations, and schools Mr. W . Kundars, Ev. Nileshvara BaTanesbvara, „ J. Aarons, Kasaragod, itin. Hosdroog, Bebal, „ B. Salins, Hosdroog, „ Xileshrara, Puilur, „ L. Fernandez, „ „ Kumbla, „ A. Karat, Manjeshvara, „ Maujesbvara. „ I. Bangera, Kumbla, * „ H. Suchitta, Kasaragod. „ „ H. Soans, Nileshvara, „

7. P u ttu r . Rev. Th. Ritter, congreg. and Mr. Eb- Clare, Evang , Beltangady Beltaiigady, itinerancy „ G. Maben, Puttur eongregation Ujire. and itinerancy „ D. Sant wan, P uttur, * „ Im. Jivottama, „ „ „ F. Maben, Beltangady, „

8. M ercara. Rev. F. Schweikhart, congreg. Mr. Jos. Pramodana, congr. & itin. and itinerancy „ L. Salins, Mercara, itinerancy Mr. G. Forrer, 31. M .-B ranch

9 . Ananda- Rev. J. Fischer, congreg. and Mr. M. John, congr., itinerancy pur. orphanage „ Fr. Matthias, itinerancy Rev. H. Bach, stud, language „ J. David and itinerancy lO.Honavar. Rev. A . Bernius, congregation, Mr. S. Bunyan, Evang. Honavar Knmta, Anilgoilu, schools, and itinerancy Rev. Im. Furtado, itinerancy, Kumta Samslii, Rev. A. Munch, stud, language, Mr. J. Challa, * H onavar Pavinakurve. „ D. Watsa, Sec. school High School „ M. Ezra, „ „ „ Fr. Roberts, itin., Honavar „ A. Joshua, v Knmta 11. DUarwar. Rev. E. Bommer, congregation, Mr. Isr. Dalabhanjana, E vangelist and itinerancy „ D. Jesudasa, congregation Rev. K. Tanner, High School, „ S. Ramthal, Students’ Home and Students' Home. „ Bhag. Alada, itinerancy Rev. M. Muller, „ „ Rev. J. Urner, stud, language Miss. M. Beck, Bible-women

2 10

S tation s Indian Workers:— and European Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

12. H ubli. Rev. D. Berli, congreg., schools, Rev. Shanta Budigi, congr. Hubli I'nakallu, Daveri, and out-stations Mr- Ch. H alli, E vangelist Lakshmeslivara. Rev. K. Kieber, studying lang. „ J. Davali, Unakallu congreg. Miss M. Stab el in, Bible-women „ A. Gunzal, itinerancy, Hubli a Sam. Havala, , » a Sam. Gokavi, , H averi a Ananda Patti, „ „

13.Bettigeri. Rev. K. Ernst, Chairman of the Rev. Ananda Rona, congregation Gadag, Shagoti, S. M. Dist., Gen. Insp. of Sc A., Mr. Ch. U ttangi, itin . <2^ Bible-Rev. Malasamudra, orphanage, Bible Revision, etc. a B. Mathapati, Shagoti congr. Muudargi. Rev. G. Schmid, studying lang. a Is. Soans, Medical Mission „ J. Huber, „ „ a Jos. Dalabhanjana, itinerancy, M issE. Lempp, Med. Mission M undargi „ M. Bahlinger, „ a K . Herbst, „

14. G-uled- Rev. F. Eisfelder, Girls’ orpha- Rev. D. Katapur, Mushtigeri congr. gudd. nage, out-stations, and itiner­ Mr. D. Kanapur, Guledgüdd, congr. Sumaddi. ancy a N. Ramthal, itinerancy Katkinhalli, Rev.J. Spieth, Guledgudd congr., „ H . Eden, „ Mushtigeri, out-stations, and itinerancy Halkurki. „ Im. Chittur, v Katkinhalli „ A. Jogina, „ Sum addi

15. Bijapur. Rev. K. Mayer, congregation, Mr. D. Gauda, B ija p u r Bippargi. schools, Secular Agent, and a Vira Chikkappa, „ School Inspector of the S. M. a Devadana Marigauda, B ija p u r D istric t „ Devaputra Hebbala, H ippargi Rev. A. Spring, itinerancy and schools | 16. Canna- Rev. K. Hole, congregation and Rev. St. Kallat, congregation nore. schools Mr. Ph. Mackadan, Chowa a Cliova, Chirakkal, Rev. K . Schäfer, itinerancy and „ St. Parakandy, Cannan,, itin. Taliparamba, schools „ A. Hermon, Taliparamba, „ Payyannr, Chalat. Miss E. Wuttke, Bible-women „ J. Valiatingara, P ayyanur, „ Mr. H. Eidenbenz, Weaving Est. a Ch. Yengalen, C hirakkal, „ a H. Haffner, * * Mr. Robert Hermon, Med. Mission, a M. Kleine, „ „ P ayyanur a R . V ogel, Miss E. Schneider, „ „ 11

S tation s Indian Workers: — and European Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

17. T e lli- Rev. P. Sengle, Theological and Rev. I. Ammattil, congregations, c h e r r y . Training Seminaries, Statisti­ Nettur-Tellicherry cal and Educational Secretary Nettur, Anjarkandy, Mr. Ch. Hermon, E vangelist Rev. A. Scheuer, High School, Huttiiparambo, n M. Simon, Theolog. Seminary Erinjoli. Chairman of the Malabar Dist. Mr. H. K-ühner, Treasurer of the „ Lawrence Purattur, „ Mission, Dist. Sec. Agent, Seer, Keralopakari of the Y. M. C. A. Malabar „ E. Muthodan, Students’ Home Rev. G. Liibke, Theological Sem. „ J.Perian, Sec.School,Tellicherry and Sec. School , L. Kallat, itinerancy „ P. Burckhardt, p h . d ., „ E. Uriel, „ studying language 18. C h o m - Rev. G. Renschler, orphanage, Rev. T. Parakandy, Chomba. congr. b a la . out-stations, and Dist. School Mr. S. Mackaden, M ahi congr., sch. Rlahe, Inspector „ St. Kollangarath, Kandappen- Kandappenkundu, „ A. Jucker, itinerancy and kundu, itinerancy Badagara, out-stations * A. Ivallarikal, M u vera ttu , „ Muverattu, „ A. Kallen, B adagara, „ Perambra, „ Henry, „ school Kutlyafi. „ F. Poyyayil, Muverattu itiner. 19. Calicut. a) Pastoral and Evangelistic Rev. Th. Ashamayam, Calicut Putkiyarabkal, Rev. J. Jaus, cottgr. and out-st. cong regation Quilandy, Mr. Ch. Renz, Young people's „ P. Selvam, Puthiyara. „ Mission, and Sunday Schools Markat-Ferok, „ N. Edapalen, itinerancy Annaskeri. Miss A. Ehrensperger, B .-w . „ M. Meyer, studying lang. Mr. D. Amengara, Calicut congr. v B. Poyyayil, „ itiner. b) Educational Mr. H. K nobloch, Sec. School, „ A. Kalarikal Bible Teacher, College Hostel Secondary School „ R. Daub, p h . d ., College „ S. Soans, Quilandy cong., itin. Miss J. Metzger, Girls' Sec. Sch. „ L. Pavamani, Annaskeri congr. „ V. Specht, studying lang. and itiner. e) M edical „ Th. Valialappen, Ferok congr. Dr. W . Stokes „ J. Valialappen, H. Evangelist Miss A. Stepper „ E. Thayil, Parapangady, itin. d) Industrial „ J. Sadanandan, Quilandy „ Mr. H. Hofmann, General Agent „ L. Heber, Y oung people’s „ A. Seiler, Weaving Est. M ission „ M. Stuckert, Puth. Tile Works „ P. Chandran, Medical Mission „ W . Heckelmann, Ferok „ „ K. Schmidt, „ „ „ John Kuryan, b . a., Sec. School „ K. Widmann, M . M .-B r. „ J. Nicholas, b . a., i- t . , G irls’ „ J . Lang, Weaving Est. Secondary School v S. Gysin, T a ilo ry Miss J. Majer. W omen’s Tnd. Sch. 12

S tations Indian Workers:— and European Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out*stations of Sec. Schools, and Hospital assistants

2 0 M a n j e r i. Rev. G. Wessel, congr., itin. Mr. Z. Pillakaden, Manjeri, ititur. Malapuram, „ Manuel Bethuel, „ „ Arikkod, Drakam. „ M. Satiadasan, „ „ „ D . C. H utton, M alapuram

21. Codacal. Rev. J. Ruopp, orphanage, out- Rev. S. Ambat, Codacal congreg. Paraperi, Ponani, statlons, and schools „ A. Edapalan, Chalasheri itin. Pallat, Chalasheri, „ G. Probst, stud, language Mr- I- Pavamani, Paraperi congreg. Mullaslieri, and itinerancy „ D. Ekaden, Codacal, itinerancy Tritala, Manantala, „ E. Hahn, studying language Chiltaltakara. „ A. Padiath, Fhllat, „ Mr. D. Mall, T ile W orks „ Th. Kollyan, P onani, „ „ W. Geyer, „ „ D. Palakal, „ „ „ D. Kolangarath, C hittat., „ „ Satyavrathan, Mullash., „ „ W. Martin, T rita la , * Mr. Moses Ambat, M edical M ission, Codacal

2 2 . V a n i- Rev. O. Feil, congreg., schools, Mr. L. N apalli, E vangelist, Ottapal. y a n k u la m . and itinerancy Mr. A . Arangadan, Vaniyankulam, Angadiparam, Medical Mission Trikaleri, „ N, Benjamin, Vaniyan., congr. Ottapalam, „ George Peter, „ itiner. Shoranur. „ J. Hutton, Angadipur., 9 „ Chr. Neligaden, S h o ranur, „ „ J. Arangadan, Pattambi, „ „ J. Manamparamba, Med. M iss.

23. Palghat. Rev. G. Peter, congregation and Rev. H. Menzel, Melparam. congr. Melparambu, out-stations Mr. Winfred Mandody, Sec. School Wadackancberi, Rev. J. Maue, Secondary School „ S. Nyarakaden, itinerancy Panayur, Mankara, Rev. J. Schrenk, studying lang. „ M. Pavamani, „ Mundtir. and school „ P . Devasabayam, Jhnayur, itin. Mr. H. Schmid, Tile Works, * J. T. Kirakekumethi, Palghat O lavakkot „ G. D . Manikam, b. a ., l . t ., Secondary School 13

S tation s Indian Workers:— and European "Workers Pastors, Catechists, Head Masters Out-stations of Sec. Schools and Hospital assistants

2 4 . K a ity . Rev. H. Risch, Chief Reviser Mr. M. Mehta, Kaity congregation Hcrehada, Cuonoor, Kan Bible Revision, in charge „ M. K ari, „ itinerancy Nerkambe, Hulikal, of Kaity station with out-sta­ „ Abrah. Madia, Nerkambe Manjnr, Adikark&to, tions, orphanage and schools „ S. Gnanasigamony, Coonoor Karlero. v I. Devasagayam, H u lika l „ O. D. Bankapur, K aity

25-Kalhatti. Rev. G. Wieland, out-stations, Mr. Isaac Bella, T uneri Sbolnr, Tuner!, schools, and itinerancy * Joh. Philipp, D evarshola Nellakotta, „ H. Isaac, N ellakotta Devarsliola. J. Kanaka, K alhatti

26.Kotagiri. Rev. K. Volz, congregation, Cat. M. K aleb, Cooly-Mission Jabanare, Denad, orphanage, and out-stations „ M. Bella, congr., and itinerancy Milidenu, Konakore, „ M. Daniel, it in ., Cooly- Mission Eengarai,Beragani, Horashola Tabular View of Stations, Agents, and Churches of the B. (j . E. Mission. 1st JAN UARY 19 13.

Indian Church - JS Agents of the Mission European .2 § Indian Workers Changes during th e y e a r under report State of the M ission Churches on nries Decrease Increase Total uf New STATIONS Converts B « "m c 1st 1st January 1912 ' « v Total number of Church-members on <1 50 other statio n s Net Net decrease Net Net in c rease Communicants Total number of Re-admissions Catechumens C h ild ren Arrivals from A d u lts Births 1 Excommunications D e p artu re s Church-members D eath s on on 1st Jan . 1913

1. Mangalore * 1834 1 33000C 6 15 15 4 1 18 1 4 28 11 32 0 3427 94 1 125 12 5 113 2 158 70 0 2122 3497 19 2. M o o lk y . 1845 12000C 6 2 1 2 1 5 0 3 16 3 11 0 1159 16 1 80 5 4 45 1 80 38 0 664 1197 6 3. U d ip i 1854 126000 8 4 3 4 1 9 0 2 27 2 18 0 2163 31 8 193 8 15 86 14 172 63 0 1144 2226 23 4. K a r k a l . 1872 90000 6 1 1 1 0 5 0 0 13 4 6 0 458 16 1 82 8 3 20 0 53 0 15 244 443 25 2 5. B a s ru r . 1876 160000 2 1 0 0 1 3 1 0 5 1 3 0 154 3 0 25 2 0 4 0 19 0 3 116 151 6. K a s a ra g o d . 1886 250000 7 1 1 1 1 7 0 0 17 7 18 0 274 0 1 36 0 0 11 0 22 0 6 150 268 0 7. P u tt u r . 1900 220000 1 1 1 0 1 4 0 2 4 0 3 0 61 0 0 5 3 0 2 0 16 16 0 41 77 3 8. M erca ra 1870 85000 3 2 2 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 0 0 155 3 0 21 0 0 8 0 11 0 5 86 150 2 9. Anandapur . 1856 88000 0 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 2 0 0 0 187 13 0 26 4 13 4 2 25 9 0 112 196 13 10. H o n a v a r 1845 430000 5 2 1 0 1 6 1 4 7 0 13 0 104 3 0 19 3 4 5 0 33 23 0 61 127 0 Kanara and Coorg 1899000 44 31 26 12 T 57 5 15 121 30 104 ~0 8142 181 12 612 45 44 298 19 589 190 4740 8 3 3 2 93

11. D h a rw a r 1837 126000 0 4 3 0 1 3 0 2 7 1 9 0 235 4 0 23 4 4 7 0 36 24 0 153 259 0 12. H u b li . 1839 6 000 0 0 4 2 2 1 1 5 0 5 9 2 8 0 647 19 5 63 0 0 31 1 64 9 0 412 6 56 1 13. Bettigeri 1841 2 500 0 0 3 3 4 ] 0 4 1 2 18 3 2 2 653 17 4 67 1 6 30 1 68 18 0 363 671 1 14. G u le d g u d d . 1851 3 00 0 0 0 4 2 2 1 0 5 0 2 12 6 2 0 668 20 0 54 1 2 30 1 4:6 6 0 342 674 3 15. B ija p u r 1855 4 20000 2 2 1 0 0 4 0 2 14 3 11 0 121 2 1 15 0 0 6 0 34 22 0 80 143 3 S.-Mahratta. 1696000 13 13 12 3 2 21 1 13 60 15 32 2 2324 62 10 222 6 12 104 3 248 79 1350 2 4 0 3 8

16. C a n n a n o re . 1841 3 2 0 0 0 0 4 6 5 1 0 5 3 5 12 5 12 1 1635 42 5 168 6 2 45 0 144 0 18 930 1617 23 17. T e llic h e rry . 1839 210000 4 5 4 1 1 6 0 4 21 7 38 0 660 9 0 36 3 2 16 0 28 4 0 366 664 7 18. Chombala . 1849 300 0 0 0 6 2 1 1 0 6 1 0 12 9 20 0 560 9 0 82 2 9 14 0 54 0 12 240 548 0 19. C alicu t 1842 3 200 0 0 5 13 15 2 1 10 3 6 36 ‘24 36 1 2552 68 8 217 13 11 75 2 270 78 0 1622 2630 33 20. Manjeri . 1908 3 60 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 ■2 0 3 0 69 2 0 16 5 0 0 0 24 11 0 44 80 8 21. C o d acal 1857 4 50000 6 5 2 2 0 8 3 2 20 6 8 1 1299 33 16 132 7 3 37 1 111 0 22 646 1277 8 22. V a n iy a n k u la m . 1886 4450 0 0 5 1 1 0 1 6 2 2 8 2 9 2 237 8 2 33 2 0 12 2 30 3 0 127 240 3 23. P a lg h a t. 1856 3 7 2 0 0 0 6 4 3 1 0 5 2 2 13 2 21 0 445 6 2 76 17 12 13 0 29 0 13 270 432 10 Malabar. 2777000 39 37 32 8 3 50 14 23 124 55 147 5 7457 177 33 760 55 39 212 5 690 31 4245 7 4 8 8 9 7

24. K a ity . 1846 40000 8 1 1 0 0 6 0 2 28 7 6 0 743 12 2 51 2 0 25 1 63 26 0 410 769 7 25. K a lh a t ti 1907 30000 3 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 6 1 9 0 99 3 0 14 1 0 3 0 22 9 0 69 108 2 3 26. Kotagiri 1867 16000 7 1 1 0 0 3 0 2 20 0 0 0 382 12 5 3 4 5 18 1 10 18 0 204 400 12 Nilgiris. 86000 18 3 3 0 0 13 0 4 54! 8 15 0 1224 27 7 68 7 5 46 2 95 53 683 1 2 7 7 210 Total of 1st January 1913. 6458000 114 84 73 23 12 141 20 55 359 108 298 7 1 9 1 4 7 447 62 1662 113 100 660 29 1622 35 3 11018 1 9 5 0 0 19147 232 Total of 1st January 1912. |6458000 1 i s | 80 70 24 ( 12 j 1 3 6 ]2 2 52 3 4 l| 1 00|242 7 * 18602 401 41 1668 1 99 68 701 23 1764 545 1 10714

♦ This line gives the numbers from 1st January 1811 to 1st January 1912. Table of Schools of the Basel German Evangelical Mission in JANUARY 19 13.

P u p ils in P u p il s in Total of Pupils under instruction Boarding Institution Daj Schools Christians Non-Christians

161 192 113 37 248 8 406 0 85 II. Dharwar ...... 5 0 3 8 42 0 0 445 49 57 41 383 13 494 30 60 12 H u b l i ...... 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 509 0 115 41 375 38 569 0 19 5 13. Bettigeri-Gadag .... 6 0 0 0 0 60 0 422 0 41 92 286 7 4 493 0 0 14. G u le d g u d d ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 7 1 591 0 11 13 465 102 591 0 60 15. B ija p u r ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 2128 241 337 224 17 57 23 5 2553 30 400 Soulh-Mahratta 33 0 3 8 42 60 71

798 0 134 129 3 82 153 798 95 632 16. C a n n a n o re...... 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 732 710 197 61 1133 143 1534 25 143 17. Tellicherry ...... 12 21 8 0 63 0 0 800 185 54 148 830 59 1091 0 126 1 8. Chombala (Mahe) .... 7 0 0 0 0 0 106 1649 801 299 263 1543 345 2450 0 1744 19. Calicut ...... 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 131 0 3 0 U S 10 131 0 7 -20. M a n je r i...... 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 924 0 206 110 599 95 lO lo 46 156 21. C o d a ca l...... 8 0 0 0 0 86 0 501 0 22 18 346 115 501 0 78 22 Vanivankulam ...... 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 558 272 57 32 668 73 830 0 153 23. P a lg h a t ...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 6093 1968 972 761 5619 993 8345 166 3339 M alabar 61 21 8 0 63 86 106

905 41 112 50 775 61 998 0 42 -24. K a i t y ...... 17 0 0 0 14 38 0 355 0 10 8 29 7 40 355 0 204 25. K a l h a t t i ...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 409 0 48 4 5 330 9 432 0 50 2 6 . K o t a g i r i ...... 11 0 0 0 0 0 23 1669 41 170 103 1402 110 1785 0 296 Nilgiris 35 0 0 0 14 38 23

1 15003 3150 2840 1754 12693 2197 18984 280 4709 Grand Total... 204 45 18 16 ¡ 167 i 305 j 280 1 1 3 Abstract showing the Contributions of the Churches towards their Expenses, the Mission, and the Poor i n 19 12.

Collections S pecial S u n d ay Collections Collections R e g u la r and Special Collections S pecial Collections and Collections a n d C h u rch - D on atio n s C o n trib u ­ fo r th e Collections to w ard s D o n atio n s fo r B ib le D o n atio n s Stations C o n trib u - towards the tio n s for M ala b a r fo r lo c a l T o t a l C h u rch - towards the Societies for o th e r tio n s M ission- O rp h an ag es W idow - p u rp o ses E xpenses P o o r-fu n d s pu rp o ses w ork fu n d

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. 1 p. Rs. As. P. Ks. As. P. Us Ah, P. Rs. Ab. P. M a n g a lo re ...... 1563 3 5 704 0 5 471 11 1 455 7 8 81 10 0 ——— 28 4 10 330 10 10 46 4 0 3681 ! 4 3 261 6 9 134 14 0 79 9 7 129 10 4 3 — 0 210 7 ——— 915 8 M o o l k y ...... 82 8 IÌ 17 0 4 3 __ 1 Udipi-Malpe . . . 742 4 3 340 10 7 231 7 1 303 4 8 28 9 5 — I_ 17 8 10 215 12 7 73 10 7 1953 4 0 K a r k a l ...... 140 0 O 56 4 0 29 6 0 48 11 7 6 0 0 — — 1 _ 8 14 0 65 0 0 ——— 354 3 7 Basrur-Coondapur . 96 0 0 49 0 0 17 7 0 8 0 0 7 0 0 —— .— 10 6 0 42 0 0 ——— 229 13 0 2 K a s a ra g o d .... 160 8 0 76 0 8 84 4 3 49 7 47 15 4 ——— 22 8 0 35 8 5 ——— 475 15 3 P u t t u r ...... 47 10 6 27 11 6 4 11 ;> 6 8 0 6 1 0 — —— 7 0 0 ——— 14 10 11 114 5 4 M e r c a r a ...... 112 4 0 65 10 4 50 0 4 27 15 1 7 11 6 —— — 14 0 0 ——— 64 3 2 341 12 5 A n a n d a p u r . . . . 52 2 0 57 2 9 89 10 9 ——— 6 0 0 ——— 5 0 0 209 15 6 Honavar-Karwar . . 55 0 0 22 14 Ü 21 14 0 8 6 3 0 0 5 0 0 223 0 346 7 6 ——- 1 3 ■— -— Kanara & Coorg 3230 6 11 1534 4 3 1080 1 6 1044 4 5 276 2 11 -— — 135 9 • 8 1122'10 2 198 12 8 8622 4 6 I i D h a r w a r ...... 106 11 Ò 60 8 0 25 2 1 31 6 10 12 7 10 _ 21 0 0 257 3 9 H u b l i ...... 217 15 6 210 11 11 13 0 0 101 1 8 8 6 3 ——— 19 4 6 19 0 0 ——— 589 7 10 B e ttig e ri-G a d a g . . 220 14 0 161 7 3 27 0 0 94 3 1 140 0 0 —— — 34 13 6 i 678 5 ¡10 G u le d g u d d . . . . 116 4 9 63 13 7 60 11 0 58 0 9 16 5 11 ——— 20 9 0 ——— —— 336 2 0 B i j a p u r ...... 122 7 3 110 15 3 15 7 3 28 7 9 6 4 0 ——— 8 0 0 —-— 10 0 0 301 9 ! o

South-Mahralla 784 4 6 607 8 0 141 4 4 3 13 9 1 183 8 0 ——- 103 11 0 19 0 0 10 o 0 2162 12 i n C a n n a n o re . . . . 1170 12 4 224 12 S 240 6 5 1S1 2 3 15 0 15 0 0 56 8 6 290 10 1 10 0 2204 12 1 0 1 8 1 Tellicherry-Nettur . 412 1 1 79 9 9 50 5 1 123 13 7 3 12 j 7 6 8 3 9 12 0 28 0 0 — — 713 14 ; 4 Chombala-Mahe . . 326 7 1 62 14 6 64 3 3 136 7 9 10 0 1 0 15 0 0 27 12 0 ——— 20 0 0 664 12 7 C a l i c u t ...... 1806 0 0 022 1 8 100 0 0 580 0 0 20 0 1 0 35 0 0 25 0 0 220 0 0 285 2 4 3693 4 0 ! M a n je r i ...... 69 0 11 55 6 8 23 0 2 — —— __ |— — ! — — 4 0 0 250 0 0 9 0 0 410 7 9 C o d a c a l...... 550 2 5 107 10 1 122 12 6 118 0 2 .10 0 0 10 ; 0 0 47 j¡ 4 0 —————— 965 ¡13 2 Vaniyankulam . . 131 11 0 46 8 0 50 O 2 53 7 10 2 0 0 3 2 0 17 0 46 0 4 ——— 350 ! 0 4 3 2 P a l g h a t ...... 376 3 9 55 10 0 93 12 2 91 8 11 12 0 0 7 ! o 0 7 4 0 75 14 4 — — — 719 5 M alabar 4844 6 7 1254 9 4 744 7 9 1284 8 6 72 12 7 91 10 3 194 11 6 910 8 9 324 10 4 9722 5 7 1 _ K a i t y ...... 366 11 0 190 4 0 45 2 5 100 4 7 12 6 2 15 9 3 236 8 6 94 5 1 2 1061 3 I 1 K a l h a t t i ...... 101 5 0 36 4 0 22 14 0 38 0 0 10 14 0 ——— 15 0 0 29 14 0 79 13 334 o 1 0 1 0 K o t a g i r i ...... 217 0 2 97 6 1 38 6 5 —— — 9 0 0 120 0 0 - — — 481 12 j 8 N ilg iris 685 0 2 323 14 1 106 6 10 138 4 7 23 4 2 39 9 3 386 6 6 174 2 ! 2 1876 15 J 9 ——— j

Grand T otal... 9544 2 3720 3 8 2072 4 2780 10 7 555 11 8 10 3 473 I 2438 5 707 J 2 2 3 84 0 j 9 2 5 01 1 9 1 5 1 9 1 9 ! 2 In 1911 8671 10 1 6 3079 14 4 1952 10 4 2826 0 9 637 I 3 2 97 j 0 0 440 5 5 2887 1 4 302 9 2 20894 7 j 0

3* Mercantile and Industrial Establishments of the Basel Mission.

E m p l o y e e s Members IE sta”tolisli.i2a.exits S ta,tiooa.s of the Out­ Basel siders T o ta l Mission

Mercantile Mission-Branch Mangalore, s . k a n . 14 14

» 5? Mercara, c o o r g 5 1 6 Mechanical Establishment Mangalore, s. k a n . 79 5 84 Weaving Est. witl Tailoring Department Calicut, MALABAR 608 24 632 „ Branch Codacal, .. 36 36 witu Tailoring Department Cannanore, „ 584 4 588 „ Branch Chombala, „ 93 93

Î5 Y) ?5 Tellicherry, ,, 79 79 Weaving Establishment Mangalore, s. KAN. 170 170 „ „ Branch Moolky, ,, 18 18 Tile Works . Mang.-Jeppu, „ 257 115 372 „ Kudroli, .. 222 164 386 Malpe, .. 87 16 103 Calicut, MALABAR 140 100 240 Ferok, .. 53 225 278 Codacal, 265 29 294 Palghat, „ 117 123 240

TOTAL 2827 806 3633 INTRODUCTION AND OBITUARY

he year 1912 will be memorable in the history of mankind, not only for unexpected events in the east of Europe, but falso for remarkable changes in the life and history of the nations in the far east of Asia. The most startling of events in India, during the year under review, is the dastardly attack on the life of His Excellency, the Viceroy, the representa­ tive of the English Government. This wicked crime came as a hard blow to every loyal heart. Sincere sympathy with the Government is felt by every member of the Christian community and also by the congregations which it has been our privilege to gather into Christ’s Church. Other events of vital interest to the Christian Church and to Mission work in India, are the great missionary conferences held under the guidance of Dr. J o h n M o t t , the Chairman of the Edinburgh World’s Missionary Conference. Every one of us who was present at one or several of these conferences, or who has read and pondered well the resolutions of these important meetings, will have had visions of the great things God will do in this country, and has already begun to do; visions of a company of competent leaders raised up from among our Indian brethren, and visions of Christ’s perfected Church glorious in unity and truth. But all of us will also have felt that this result will be accomplished, not by might, nor by power, but by the Spirit of the Lord, and by patient and hard labour on the dusty road of our daily life. If we put on record in the following pages something about the work entrusted to our care, every thoughtful reader will understand that in this, as in every other review of Mission work, prominence must necessarily be given to things which most readily attract the eye, or are best suited to exact description. It may be that some of the things re­ ported here have exercised a very slight influence on the real progress of Christ’s Kingdom in our field of work, while 2 2 incidents, too trivial for notice, may in course of time, prove to have been more genuine factors in shaping the course of the history of our Church, and in turning men’s hearts to Christ. Many of our faithful workers will find that in the pages which follow their names have not been mentioned and their work has seemingly been passed over unnoticed. Let each and every one remember what Cornelius heard in a vision, namely the Word of the Lord: “Thy prayers and thy alms are gone up for a memorial before Godand that “God will not forget your work and the love which you have manifested towards Himself, in having rendered and in still rendering loving service to His people”. On the other hand, it may also be meet to remember that the day will come when “The fire itself shall prove each man’s work of what sort it is. Then each one shall receive praise from God Himself”. As it has been the custom with the writers of our reports in past years, it will be but right that this year also we, first of all, remember gratefully those, who, for a longer or shorter period of time, have been doing work on the Mission field or in the young Indian Church, and who have passed away during the year of the present report and have joined that vast number of witnesses who have left the battle-field and have passed from the Church militant into the Church triumphant.

On the 27th day of August, 1912, the Rev. I. Strobel departed this life, at the age of 80 years, in Frankfort on the Main, where he was born and had spent most of his life. After finishing his education, he was ordained in his native town as the first foreign missionary of Frankfort, in the year 1856. By the end of that year he arrived at Cannanore and became an apprentice missionary under Mr. Hebich, who did his best to initiate the young recruit into the science and art of itinerancy. In the Missionary Magazine of the year 1860, Mr. Strobel describes, in vivid colours, a preaching tour to Taliparambu, where Mr. Hebich used to preach so often, and where, on that particular visit, he was assisted by a staff of devoted Indian brethren, among whom were Messrs. Abraham Mulyil, Sebastian Furtado, Diego Fernandez, and Paul Chandran, the father of the Rev. Stephen Chandran whose death we also have to record this year. About that time Mr. Robinson, who was then Collector of Palghat, and who had come to know Mr. Hebich and entertained a high opinion of the work of Christian Missions in India, asked the mission­ 23 aries to begin Mission work in his headquarters, Palghat. The Home Committee agreed and Mr. Strobel was ordered to open the new station. On the 16th day of May 1858, he arrived in Palghat, where at the beginning, the English School with 62 pupils, among whom were 14 Brahmans, taxed all his time and energy. Later on he spent much of his time in itinerancy; but after only five years of work Mr. Strobel had to leave India, on account of Mrs. Strobel’s failing health. At home Mr. Strobel worked at first, for more than 10 years, as an agent of the Mission, creating interest in Mission work in many places, and inducing thousands to study the needs of the Mission field. In 1875, Mr. Strobel accepted a pastorate and later on a deanship in his native town, and there he worked for another thirty and one years. He was a faithful witness of the Gospel of Christ and, to the end of his long and fruitful life, a true and enthusiastic friend of our Mission. Now he has joined “the great multitude, which no man could number, out of every nation and of all tribes and peoples and tongues”— the glorious multitude, to which he liked to direct the attention of his hearers so often, when he tried to stimulate their love for the millions of India. Rev. Adolf Ruhland, born on the 7th February 1851, in Bavaria became interested in Mission work by the reading of a tract, the con­ tents of which may be guessed from its title, “My dear Sir, if you profess to be a Christian, it is your Duty to help to convert the Gentiles”. He applied for admission into the Basel Missionary College and, after a preparatory course of six years, was sent to Malabar, in the year 1876. There Mr. Ruhland worked for ten years in Palghat. He was an ideal itinerant missionary and it was a sore trial to him that the failing health of Mrs. Ruhland obliged him to leave his beloved field of labour. Though, after his return home, he had found an attractive position as secretary of a large association of Christian men, in one of the great German cities, his love for India prompted him to give up that work, and to come back to India alone in 1896. But, after four years, he was again obliged to go home. The Home Committee of our Mission ap­ pointed him now as their agent in the Grand-duchy of Hesse, and there, for eight years, Mr. Ruhland did much to arouse and stimulate interest in Mission work. Nobody would have thought that he was going to come back once more to India, but his old love for India proved too strong for him. He again left his family and returned to the scene of his first work, Palghat. He returned with very far-reaching, though somewhat phantastic, plans. On the slopes of the Wynaad Hills he intended to live by himself, to clear the jungle, and to found a Christian settlement. But conditions had changed. Most of his old acquaintances were no more, and, though his old enthusiasm never failed him, his health broke down, and, once more, he had to leave his dearly beloved India. The voyage home was a great trial to him, as he had become so weak that he could no longer stand on his legs. He had the pleasure of meeting again his loved ones, but, after a very short time, he had to 24 undergo an operation which his weakened constitution could not bear. On the 13th of September, 1912, he passed peacefully away, while think­ ing, again and again, even on his deathbed, of Malabar and its people. At the beginning of this year, on the 14th of February, Rev. Thomas Digel, one of the veterans of the Basel Mission, entered the mansion of rest prepared for God’s people. His connection with our Mission goes back as far the first years of the sixties of the last century, and he had the privilege, after an active service of 33 years on the Mission field, to serve the Mission another 15 years at home. In December 1864, Mr. Digel came to India as the manager of the Mangalore Weaving Establishment. Apart from the technical superintendence of the es­ tablishment, our brother, from the very beginning, tried to help his people spiritually. The daily morning prayers in the establishment gave him a very welcome opportunity to influence the hearts of his work­ people. Besides this he paid frequent visits to their homes and there­ by learned to know their spiritual and social needs most intimately. The first ten years which our brother spent in Mangalore were not without much tribulation in his own family. In 1870 he lost his first and in 1872 his second wife. In 1873, he married the sister of his second wife with whom he was permitted to spend 39 years of blessed fellow­ ship. She was a loving mother and devoted wife, and we can easily understand that our brother felt deeply the bereavement when she was taken from him, only 8 months before he himself was called home. After 20 years’ work at the Weaving Establishment Mr. Digel asked for permission to work as an itinerant missionary. His request was granted in 1885, and he was stationed at Honavar in North Kanara. Our brother had an unmistakable gift for itinerancy. His robust health, his popular speech, connected with much courage and ready wit, and, above all, his knowledge of the people, made him particularly fit for this kind of Mission work. In 1892, Mr. Digel was given charge of the station at Moolky in South Kanara. Here Mrs. Digel found a field of activity for her practical nature in the superintendence of our Girls’ Boarding School, while Mr. Digel looked after the different small congregations, with their schools. The poverty and social misery of his people pressed hard upon his heart and mind, but he was more heavily burdened by the circumstance that not a few people of his congregation refused to submit to the rules and discipline of the Church. Tired out by these troubles he saw that he could no longer endure the strain of missionary worries and returned to Europe in 1898. At home he recovered his health so fully that he could not reconcile himself to the idea of taking his pension. All the time at his disposal he spent in advocating the cause of Missions in churches, chapels, and associations. During the last three months he acted for an invalid pastor. Though he felt the work somewhat heavy between Christmas and New Year, he yet was happy in his task. But on the 9th of February, after his last sermon, he felt feverish and within a few days all his strength was consumed. During his last fever delirium he is reported to have repeatedly preached 25

in Kanarese. On the morning of the 14th of February he peacefully fell asleep in Jesus. In addition to these European missionaries we have to mourn the loss of several beloved and respected Indian brethren, notices of whose life and work will be found under other headings of this report. Several of our workers have also lost one or several members of their families. To them, and to all the others, who have been afflicted, we offer our sympa­ thy, and we pray the Lord to comfort all those who grieve, and to heal all the wounds He has inflicted.

WORKERS ON THE FIELD Before proceeding to review our usual Mission work, we have to mention a few facts regarding the workers. There has been a great deal of sickness among our European mission­ aries, four of whom suffered from enteric fever, while others were attacked by dysentery and malarial fever. One new­ comer arrived at his station suffering from dysentery and had to be sent back to Europe, on the advice of the doctor. We would in this connection gratefully acknowledge the services of the members of the medical profession who, in the different stations, have assisted our missionaries and our Christians. We know that quite a number of them have rendered these services at considerable self-sacrifice, and we pray that God may amply reward them for what they have done in His name and for His sake. As all those suffering from enteric were young men and women, with only a short period of ser­ vice, the question of compulsory inoculation against typhoid for all new-comers is now occupying the attention of our Home Board. Although, as usual, a number of European workers had to be absent on furlough, the number of Europeans at the end of the year was 157 over against 150 at the be­ ginning of the year. The number of our pastors, evangelists, and catechists at the end of the year was 176 over against 172 at the beginning of the year. Though twelve young men, after their course 4 26

of training in our Theological Seminaries, have been installed in Mission work, we lost several of our tried workers by death or retirement on account of old age, so that the number has increased only by four. It is, however, a cause for gratification that we close the year with 467 Christian school­ masters and schoolmistresses over against 441 at the end of the preceding year, which is an increase of 26. Gratifying though this may be, we are sorry that we have not been able to add twice this number to the staff of our Christian teachers; the more so since the opportunity for opening new schools seems just now particularly favourable. But all who know how difficult it is to increase, not only the number, but also the quality of our staff of workers, will understand that it is no easy thing to raise up yearly from 40 to 50 new Christian workers out of a congregation of 19,500 members.

We proceed now to the review of the work of the past year.

I. THE INDIAN CHURCH 1. NEW CONVERTS During the past year 113 adults and 100 children, altogether 213 persons, have been baptised from among Baptisms. the Hindus. Small as this harvest is, we thank the Lord reverently for His gift and ask Him to keep all these souls in Hifc name. There have been several interesting conversions which it seems hardly advisable to notice in detail at a time when decided opposition against our work is distinctly felt in several parts of our Mission field. It would, however, be wrong not to mention a few instances of the saving power of the Gospel of Christ. Mr. J. F is c h e r , of Anandapur in Coorg, who has been spending the greater part of his life working for Coorg with­ out having been permitted to see much fruit of his hard labour, has great pleasure in reporting the baptism of an old Coorg gentleman, Mr. Kalappa, the head of a large 27

family and a Government pensioner. Mr. Kalappa came to the knowledge of the truth many years ago, but, even though he had given up idolatry and other Found heathen customs, and introduced the keeping at la st holy of Sunday, as the day of the Lord, and following Christian rules of conduct, our friend did not see his way clear to become a member of the small and despised Church of Christ in Coorg. Though not a baptised Christian, he preached the Gospel to his servants and tried to follow Christ according to his light. But as he grew older in years and riper in knowledge, he recognised that an open confession was a necessity for him, and so he approached Mr. Fischer with the request to instruct him more fully in Christian truths and to take him into the fold of Christ by baptism. This was done, and Mr. Kalappa, more than 70 years of age, became a member of the Christian Church. This venerable and heretofore honoured and respected old disciple had now to experience that conflict invariably pre­ cedes peace and that “a man’s foes shall be they of his own household”. We hope and pray that he may remain steadfast and be conscious of the fact “that to them that love God all things work together for good”, so that he may be able to say with St. Paul — “Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him that loved us.” Some members of the Billava caste again sought refuge in the fold of Christ, at Karkal in South Kanara. Many of us were afraid that the building of a new In the depths temple of their own in Mangalore, the chief of affliction, town of the district, for the construction of which Billavas in every part of the district had contributed, would stop the movement towards Christianity which has been going on in this caste for many years. But this fear seems to be unfounded. The efforts of these people to get rid of the Brahman, to appoint priests of their own, and to break away as much as possible from their old ways of life can easily be understood. But as the newly constructed temple is no real source of strength, this revival of Hinduism, and even the apparent opposition to Christianity can only be interpreted as a step on the road toward Christianity- 28

If really deep affliction and trouble, caused by alleged “Bhutas,'’ take hold of them, the people do not find help in their own religion, and hence many take refuge in Christ. Because of this fact, as Mr. G. F is c h e r of Karkal reports, a respectable and industrious Billava family of Beilur was led into our Church. To these people God manifested His favours in such a wonderful way that even their non-Christian neighbours had to confess its reality. In one and the same week two strong young men of the family died and the third one was attacked by the same disease which caused the death of the others. There could be no doubt “that the evil spirits had decided to ruin the family”. When affliction had reached its height, the energetic old mother of the house induced her people to take refuge with the God of the Christ­ ians. Nine members of the family, including the dying son, turned away from the service of the Bhutas towards the service of the living God who is manifest in Christ Jesus. And God honoured those who had honoured Him. The dying son recovered in a most remarkable manner, so that his wife, who had not joined the family in their decisive step, now also took the step and joined the Christian Church. “If my husband remains alive,” she had said, “I also will follow him.” He remained alive and she kept her word. At the end of October, Mr. D. B e r l i of Hubli reports, the son of Satiarthi, whose name was formerly Hanumantha, came and asked to be taken into the Church. The The son father, Hanumantha, had r e g u la r ly attended follows his Mr. Berli’s lectures at the Preaching Hall in father. the Hubli bazaar for a long time. He had been reading the Bible for three years, and ex­ perienced something of God’s saving power in Christ, before he came and asked for baptism. After confessing Christ publicly, Satiarthi, as he was now called, tried to live up to the best of his knowledge, and he has now had the joy of seeing his son follow in his steps. May both, father and son, remain faithful unto the end and draw many others after them towards the living God. At Ambadi, one of the outstations of Udipi, this year again a respectable number of people could be gathered into the 29

Church. There are among them some hard-working tenants of non-Christian land-holders, and we are glad to report that they are proving by their conduct and hard Never work that Christianity is profitable for all despair. things. Above all, we are glad to report these things, because some years ago, it had almost become customary to ask—“Can any good thing come out of Ambadi?” The compiler of this report remembers very well how, some five or six years ago, the missionary in charge of the Udipi congregations reported to the District Synod that he could see, at least, some few bright features appearing in every outstation, but as to Ambadi he was almost on the point of despair. The small congregation was spiritually dead, the Mission school deserted, and as for new converts, there were none, and one could not hope for any under the present circumstances. We know that much intercession was made for Ambadi after that time, and that it was followed up by faithful work, and now for the last few years, a new spirit has been brooding over the apparently hopeless place, and there is now no outstation in the district, which we view with more thankfulness and greater hope. In North Kanara, where our Mission has been sowing Gospel seed for more than half a century, signs of life are beginning to manifest themselves. On Christ- Signs of life mas day, Jonathan, a young man of 25 years, on an old was baptised. He was living in a village field. near Honavar. When his name had been registered as a candidate for baptism, the Roman Catholic Patel of his place tried to have him baptised by the Roman Catholic priest, promising him at the same time a suit­ able match for a marriage. Nobody knows what the young, inexperienced man might have done, if he had not fallen seriously ill. He got a violent attack of pneumonia, and for several days was at the point of death. In this time of severe trial some of our Christians most unselfishly stood by him. The love and kindness thus shown him won his waver­ ing heart. He remained with us and attended the baptismal instruction faithfully and intelligently so that we could admit him to the congregation at Christmas. 30

Mr. A. S c h e u e r of Tellicherry writes: “One day two Tiyan young men came and asked to be admitted to the Church. They had been good friends for a long time One is taken and had resolved to embrace Christianity and together. Instead of putting down their one is left! names on the list of adherents, as they had expected me to do, I ex'plained to them the grave consequences the step they intended taking would in­ volve. In order to give them time to reconsider their resolu­ tion, I dismissed them, not without mentioning, however, that they would be welcome, if, after due consideration, they thought it still necessary to act on their present resolution. After some time they came again and would not again be refused admittance. As the young men had many relatives in Tellicherry, and hence painful scenes would be inevitable, I thought it advisable to permit them to attend baptismal in­ struction in Calicut. But their relatives followed them to Calicut and there they succeeded in inducing one of the young men, a former student of a Mission school, to return home with them. But the other stood firm against the threats of his friends, and though the tears of his mother and his sisters made a deep impression on him, he did not suffer them to hold him back from confessing Christ. After having been carefully instructed he came back to Tellicherry and was baptised in our chapel here. A few days after baptism Jesudasan paid a visit to his mother. We, of course, gladly permitted him to live with his own people. It is a most interesting sign of the times that Tiyas have grown so liberal as to allow their relatives who have embraced Chris­ tianity to continue living in their homes. As for Jesudasan’s future I felt some anxiety, and I was very thankful when he was admitted as a student in our Teachers’ Training School. May he become a faithful servant of Christ and soon see the day, when his friend, who for the present was left behind, will follow him, or rather follow with him the Lord Jesus Christ!” We commit these young Christians and all the others whom our brethren have been permitted to admit into our Church to the sanctifying influences of the Spirit of God. 31

May they all overcome the wicked one, become more and more grounded in divine truth, and grow daily in the love of Jesus Christ, “who was made unto us wisdom from God and righteousness and sanctification and redemption”.

2. GROWTH OF THE CHURCH Last year 213 converts from Hinduism were added to the Church, 660 Christian children were baptised, 29 persons re­ stored to full Church membership, making Increase and in all an increase of 902 souls. Against decrease. this increase of number stands the following decrease: 40 persons left for other districts, 447 died, and 62 were excommunicated, making a total loss of 549, so that the net increase amounts to only 353 souls. Though the rate of increase in our Church is still 10 per cent higher than the average increase of the Christian community in the Madras Presidency, as a whole, the latter being 16-3 per cent for the last decade, while the increase in the number of our members is something more than 26 per cent and would be more than 30 per cent, if a great number of our people had not emigrated to other parts of the country, to districts beyond our control, yet we have to note that the rate of increase has fallen considerably, compared with the previous decade (42 per cent in 1902 and 40 per cent in 1892). We eagerly look forward to the time when the great number of men and women who are no longer satisfied with their old ways, and who try to reform themselves and society by following the lines of least resistance, shall recognise the fact that a truly regenerating power is only to be found in Jesus, and that hence they will not shrink from openly confessing Him whom they admire, in secret. We lost during the last ten years more than 1000 people by emigration, some of whom must doubtless have died, whilst most of those alive will, we trust, have Emigration. joined other Churches. Quite a considerable number of young men have gone to Bombay, some of them, because they could not find suitable work in our districts, and others because they could not find the parti­ 32 cular work they desired. We are glad to know that a number of them are doing well, but we are afraid that others, in their desire to improve their outward circumstances, have fallen into the snares and temptations of that large city and have been spiritually and morally shipwrecked. Others have listened to the advice of emigration agents and gone as far as Penang and even to Fiji, in order to take up work in the sugar, tea, and rubber plantations of those countries. In this way our Church in the Malabar district has, this year alone, lost 70 souls, so that the number of Church members, in spite of 94 new converts and an excess of births over deaths, has only an increase of 31 above the number reported last year, for the whole of Malabar. Four of the eight Malabar stations report a decrease of altogether 65 souls. The pastoral care for these emigrated Church members has become a real problem to us. While gratefully acknowledging the services of some of our brethren in Bombay, especially the services rendered to our people by some members of the Methodist Episcopal Mission, we yet feel that something more systematic should be done in looking after these young people, in their lodgings and among their surroundings. But even more complex is the question of ministering to the spiritual wants of those who have taken up work on the tea and rubber estates of the Ghats, or in districts beyond the sea. This question has also occupied the attention of the Synod of the Malabar Church and they have resolved to send for the present a monthly pastoral letter to all the emigrants whose addresses can be obtained. Later on, the question of deputing a special worker for this purpose may be considered, but for the present the connection with the Church should be maintained by means of the printed word. If the increase in Church members be not what we would desire it to be, the progress in contributions Pecuniary of the Churches for their own expenses, for contributions the Mission, and for the poor has been on the of the whole satisfactory. While the income on the Churches. 1st of January 1903 was only Rs. 13,052, the income on the 1st of January 1913 was Rs. 22,384, making an increase of 71 per cent on the whole 33 DAY MISSION amount, or 30 per cent increase per me! th£ congré­ gation. The average contribution per ChurchMneioEerls~»sv Re. 1-2-4, while the contribution per communicant amounts to Rs. 2-0-6 per head, as against Re. 0-13-6 and Re. 1-8-7 respectively in 1903. The contributions are not of the same average amount in the different districts. While our Church in the Malabar district, standing first in the matter of contri­ butions, has contributed Re. 1-4-9 per head, the Churches in Kanara contributed only Re. 1-0-6 per head, and the Churches of Southern Mahratta Re. 0-14-4 per head. Although there re­ mains ample room for improvement, especially in Southern Mahratta, it must be recognised that some of our Churches in Malabar, and even more so a few of our poorer Churches in Kanara, have made great progress in the matter of Church contributions. For instance, in Udipi the average contribution per head in 1900 was 5 As. 3 Pies, in 1908 it had risen to 8 As. 7 Pies, in 1911 to 11 As., and in 1912 to 14 As. Though the Church of the Udipi station has not yet reached the average of the district, it yet is true what Mr. P f l e id e r e r of Udipi writes : that none but he who has himself helped in educating the Indian Church can realise what an amount of patient pains and self-denying pedagogic love, on the part of the Indian and European workers, is involved in these numbers even as they now stand. We are assured in all the reports touching upon this subject that, though most of our people are poor, they are willing to discharge their duties in this respect as soon as they recognise their responsibilities. It is of vital importance that the elders of the congregations should not grow weary in admonishing those Church-members who have not yet realised the blessedness of giving. We may say, without fear of contradiction, that in congregations where no progress in pecuniary contributions has been made, the elders of the Church have failed in the faithful discharge of their duties. A goodly number of our people have come to see that giving to the Lord does not impoverish them, and this is a cause for thankfulness. Mr. H o l e of Cannanore writes about a young girl who joyfully dedicated to the Lord her first monthly wages of Rs. 8-8-0, and about a Christian brother 34 of the same congregation who not only contributed very liberally towards the erection of a chapel, but also built, at his own expense, a schoolhouse for the Sunday School in his neighbourhood. Through the liberality of the well-to-do family of Nicholas at Manjeri, our inland station of Malabar, it was possible to lay the foundation stone of a small church in that station, on the 10th of July; and at Honavar, the small congregation contributed also most willingly towards the renovation of their chapel. It is not very easy to write anything under Self- this head, at the present time, when not only government. Indian Christian leaders, but also a number of foreign missionaries seem to delight in reiterating that the Missions have been and are still the great­ est hindrance to the Indian Churches in making greater pro­ gress in self-support and self-government. When this theme is dinned in your ears, in ever-changing variations, you feel sometimes like an intruder, and you would most gladly leave the Church, which you are said to hinder, to develop on Swadeshi lines, if your conscience permitted you to do so. The writer of this report has often, in this connection, been reminded of an anecdote which one of his teachers in Germany told him. In the year 1848, when the fresh breeze of liberty was blowing over the European countries, it is said that in one of those small states, known under the collective title of of Thuringian States, the people assembled before the palace of the prince and, among other things, clamoured for liberty of the press. The prince was willing to concede all, but when drawing up the charter granting liberty to the different institutions and trying to insert in it the names of the different presses (for the prince meant to apply the principle of liberty not to a theoretical, but to the real state of things), it was found there was not a single press in the whole of the little state. In many instances the request for liberty to develop the Christian Church along Swadeshi lines resembles very much the clamour of those little peoples for liberty of the press. The fact is that in very many points Christian truth is, in spite of all that may be said to the contrary, foreign and fundamentally opposed to Indian thought. It is a fact 35 that men like Dr. K. M. Banerji, Nehemiah Nilakanth Goreh, and many others were not able “to so interpret Christianity to their non-Christian countrymen that the foreign element in it should be eliminated, and Christ and His religion pre­ sented in terms of Indian thought”. This fact, however, must not be regarded as a matter for complaint, but as a proof that these Indian leaders recognised clearer than most of us do at the present time, that the ideas of sin, repentance, in­ carnation, atonement, and regeneration, though not altogether foreign to the religious systems prevailing in this country, have essentially a different meaning in Christianity from those in Hinduism, and that the terms of Hindu thought are no more suited for stating Christian truth than were the terms of Greek philosophy, when St. Paul wrote his epistles to the Churches of Corinth. We know that the branch of the Indian Church, connected with the Basel Mission is still in need of the Mission, not only of her money, but also of her representatives. And we may state that there is no difference of opinion on this point between Europeans and Indians amongst us. On the other hand, we are fully aware that our Indian brethren should as soon as possible be entrusted with all the responsibilites they are able to take upon themselves. It is from this point of view that we are moving slowly yet surely on towards the goal of self-government. Steps towards Self-government which were of late taken in our Church are the following: Our Indian pastors are to be given, wherever possible, an independent position. They are not only to be responsible for the conducting of divine services, and the management of parochial schools, but should also, as a rule, preside over the meetings of the presbyteries. In the presbyteries of the larger stations, where the number of European missionaries is great, the Europeans are not to be allowed to occupy more than one third of the seats on the presbytery. In the same way, the number of European members of the District Synods has been reduced. At the last meeting of the Kanara Synod, for instance, there were 32 Indian members with power to vote against 8 Europeans, and in the executive committee of the synod, the District Synod Board, the number of Indian members is four over

5* 36 against three Europeans. In addition to this, the Home Committee of the Basel Mission, acting on the advice of the General Conference of missionaries, has sanctioned the for­ mation of a General Synod Board or Church Council. This step is taken not only because it lies in the economy of the organisation of our Church, in which we would fain serve the future Church of India with the experience of the old Churches of the West, but also in the hope of creating and strengthening thereby the sense of solidarity, and awaking in the Indian Church the consciousness that they are bound to help each other. We believe it to be essential that in an age, in which the rights of the individual and of the individual congre­ gation are in many quarters overstated, the sense of solidarity should be strengthened, in every possible way, even if the goal of independence for the individual congregation should be reached more slowly than might be done otherwise. This Church Council is to be composed of the three European members of the General Local Committee of the Mission, namely the President, the Statistical and Educational Secretary, and the Treasurer, and of three Indian members, one from each of the three synods. While the European members are nominated by the Home Board, the Indian members are elected by the members of their respective synods. The Church Council is authorised to govern the Church of the whole field, according to the existing Church rules. Measures, however, involving a change of principle or of Church organisation, have to be submitted to the Home Board. One of the first things the Church Council will have to consider, as soon as it is finally constituted, will be the question of our joining the South India United Church. This question has been discussed, so far, only in the General Conference of European missionaries, and, more or less informally, in the conventions of our Indian preachers. As far as we can see, our Indian brethren have, on the whole, not taken very enthusiastically to the idea. But this is not hard to understand, if one considers that our people know practically nothing about the disad­ vantages of denominationalism, since their Church is almost the only Church in most of our stations, and this a Church which, though itself of a mild Lutheran type, as far as doctrine 37 is concerned, has, from the very beginning, as a matter of principle, eschewed denominationalism, and as a Church has not only recognised the ministry of other denominations for its own members, but has also granted to every earnest Christian of other denominations the privilege to partake with us the Lord’s Supper. This being the case, our people feel practically one with the other branches of Christ’s Church in India, and do not feel any necessity of formal union with other Churches. That the South India United Church is not a union, but rather a federation of Churches, has, by this time, been recognised in our congregations. We have no doubt that in course of time our people will recognise the benefits accruing from a federation of different Churches. The horizon of our Christians would become larger, helpful suggestions would be received and given, and our Christians would realise that they are members of a larger body. Besides this, our Christians would discover that we have not kept back from them any liberty which others enjoy and, probably, feel more stimulated to live up to the liberty granted to them till now. We are conscious that the Word of the Religious Lord unto Samuel: “The Lord seeth not as and man seeth; for man looketh on the outward Moral Life. appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart” finds its full application, when an attempt is made to characterise the spiritual life of thousands. It is especially no easy thing for those who have been brought up in Christian homes and schools to correctly understand the feelings of their less fortunate brethren. To take into con­ sideration national and personal characteristics, former sur­ roundings, education, and other factors in forming an estimate of the moral life of a congregation, is an extremely difficult task. There is always the danger of not taking into account some of these factors, or of generalising the shortcomings of some, under unfavourable impressions of the moment, or from a too limited intercourse with those, about whom one is to write. There is no subject in a report about which it is easier to make general statements, and none, moreover, regarding which general statements are more meaningless or risky. 38

The Rev. P. S o a n s of Karkal remarks in his report that, if there be only a few really God-fearing and orderly families in each congregation, these few families serve as a pattern to the whole congregation, giving support to and fostering the spiritual life of all the rest of the congregation. While he deplores that there are very few families of this kind in his congregation, consisting for the greater part of new Christians of only a few years’ standing, we yet find in our older congregations some families that compare favourably with Christian families at home. It is pleasant to read in the report of another of our congregations in Kanara: “There is only one elder in our small congregation, but he is a pillar and an ornament of the congregation. His family-life is a pattern to the congregation, and in his work he enjoys the reputation of reliability.” In most other reports also, the work of the elders is eulogised, while in two or three cases, the elders are said to have neglected their duties and looked upon their position more as a source of honour for themselves than anything else. It is especially in our larger Churches that the work of the elders plays an important part in the deepening of the spiritual life of the congregation. In Calicut, for instance, the congregation has been divided into a number of wards, and each one entrusted to an elder. As the faith­ ful discharge of the duties of an elder, especially the visiting of the different houses of their wards, takes much of a presby­ ter’s time, some of the elders of Calicut complained that they could not find the time required for a faithful, and not merely perfunctionary fulfilment of their duties. They were advised to choose out of their wards two or three helpers each. This they did, and it proved a pleasure to them and a help to the congregation. They are now not only conducting prayers alternately in the different families belonging to their wards, but they also settle disputes which in former years would have come before the presbytery. Wherever such help can be found it should be utilised. This would not only prove a great help to the pastors, but also a blessing to the congregation. Mr. V o l z of Kotagiri writes about the presbyters o f the Kotagiri congregation as follows: 39

Our elders are a great help to us. They have considerable influence with the members of the congregation and are maintaining strict order and discipline. Their age is sure to inspire respect and 1 have been often greatly edified by their childlike prayers and bold attitude. I can say this especially about old Samuel. What an amount of tribulation has not come over him! His two sons who had passed the Matriculation examination died. Almost at the same time he lost one of his daughters, an intelligent young woman, who had passed the teachers’ examination. Last year again he was sorely tried. His younger daughter, who had been married one year ago, died quite suddenly, and, a few weeks after­ wards, her mother followed her. When we were about to lay the mortal remains of his wife in God’s acre he asked me for permission to say a few words to his many non-Christian friends who attended the funeral. I gladly permitted it, and Samuel spoke to them as follows: You will ask me now what profit I have had by becoming a Christian, as my wife and children have all died, one after the other. But do not think that I regret having followed Christ. Amidst all the sorrows and tribulations that have overtaken me, 1 possess now the inner strength to bear all this without bitterness. Besides that I have in my heart the certain hope that I shall some day, together with my dear ones, see Him who has said: I am the Resurrection and the Life. He that believeth on me, though he died, yet shall he live! — Other desire than the one to see Jesus, I have not. And if God should think it necessary to take every­ thing else from me and fulfil only this one desire for Him, I shall feel altogether satisfied.— The presence of a number of such presbyters in our Church will, we hope, prove even to the sceptic that our work has not been in vain in the Lord. The spiritual life of our congregations manifests itself also in a number of living and active associations. When scores of young men and women are willing to take part in Sunday School work; when some of our young men, as for instance at Kudroli (Mangalore), are found to teach their non-Christian brethren in a night school, without any remuneration, after their day of work; when there are here and there a few Christ­ ian men who lend a -helping hand to such as would fain join our Church and do not know how to set about, it is clear that the spiritual life of our Christians is not at such a low ebb as one might sometimes be tempted to suppose. The Rev. Shanta Budigi of Hubli reports that last year there were almost no quarrels among the Church-members and that the presbytery had, on the whole, an easy task, and he goes on to say that they attribute this to the work of their Y. M. C. A. and their 40

Christian Men’s Association, which latter has more than 30 members. At Bettigeri the Y. M. C. A. erected a building of their own. Many of these Christian associations are not affiliated to the Y. M. C. A. Union of India, and form part and parcel of our Church-life, whereas the associations of Malabar are more or less affiliated with the Indian Y. M. C. A. Union, and as such are conducted on a broader basis. The Rev. D. K a t a p u r of Mushtigeri (Guledgudd station) reports that when plague was raging around them, his people not only set a good example to the rest of the population by their composed behaviour, but also by the help they extended to their non-Christian brethren. They did not shrink from removing in their own carts people who had been attacked by the dread disease, and, in consequence, forsaken by those who ought to have cared for them. There is another rather remarkable thing, mentioned in several of the reports that have reached us and this is a great encouragement for future work. Quite a good number of those who asked for admission to our Church this year have been induced to take this step, not by professional Mission workers, but by members of our Church. We endorse what Mr. S e n g l e of Nettur writes in this connection: “The fact that several of our new adherents have been led to make their final decision for Christ, by ordinary Indian Christians, is a most hopeful sign, because we see in it an indication of the way, by which India is to be won to Christ. The Church of old has spread not so much by the activity of professional missionaries, as by the life of Christian men and women who by their word and example have commended themselves to men’s consciences, and thus have borne convincing proof to the truth of the Gospel. While we fully recognize that under the present circumstances professional Mission work is abso­ lutely necessary, we yet rejoice and take courage, when we see that there are also here in India, among our people, simple Christians who in their own quiet way are winning people to Christ. We also gladly note that the endeavour of our Kanara Church to maintain an evangelist at their own ex­ pense has, so far, been successful, and that the interest in this work has not abated. Our brethren have, during the 41 year under review, acquired a suitable piece of land at Panambur, about seven miles from Mangalore, and have built a house thereon for the evangelist. They are looking forward to the time, when they can afford to appoint an assistant to the evangelist who is preaching the Gospel to their non- Christian brethren. We cannot conclude these remarks about the bright side of our Church without an obituary notice of two ministers of the Church, whose memory will always be blessed among us.

Karl Sathyanadhan was born in 1856. He was the fourth son of Mr. Gnanadhikam, a native of Tanjore, who was first a schoolmaster, and then a catechist in the Basel Mission, at Kaity and Kotagiri. Karl was sent to Tellicherry to attend the Middle School and to be trained afterwards as a Catechist, but had to return to his home, before finish­ ing the Middle School course, because he could not bear the climate of the coast. He then served for some time as a writer on the Howare and Avoka Estate, until Mr. Wait, owner of the Mallunur Estate started the Cooly Mission on the Nilgiris and called him, about 1877, to preach the Gospel to the coolies. Mr. Karl put his whole heart and soul into this work. After Mr. Wait’s death, the Cooly Mission was handed over to the Basel Mission, at Mr. Karl’s suggestion (about 1887). And in 1888 a house of worship was built in Hulikal for such coolies as had been won for Christ, and for the other members of the Church, in the neighbourhood, to whom Mr. Karl was in the habit of ministering, while engaged in his Mission work among the coolies on the surrounding estates. In 1899 he was transferred to Coonoor. There his hospitable house was always open to his numerous Christian and non-Christian friends who came to the town. He was busy, from morning till night, preaching on the estates, visiting the members of the congregation .in his charge, finding work for the poor among them, attending to the sick himself, or getting them admitted into the hospital. His advice and help in disputes and legal affairs were greatly valued and sought after. Mr. Karl was accustomed to exercise authority. He feared none but God. At the same time he was a perfect gentleman, a man of tender, loving disposition, loyal to his Mission Society and ready for any service to its missionaries. But the most prominent feature in his character was his enthusiasm and energy in his Master’s service. He was a whole-hearted, earnest, experienced disciple and servant of Christ, never sparing himself, fervent in prayer and childlike in faith. Like a true father to the members of his flock, he not only tried to improve their temporal condition, but, at the same time, he did not hesitate to exercise that discipline which was necessary for their eternal welfare. After the work of the American Arcot Mission in Coonoor had been handed over to the Basel Mission, he was put in charge of the United Basel Mission and American Arcot Mission congregation and ordained to be 6 42 pastor of this Church, on the 2nd of June 1912. The Rev. H. Risch who had, at that time, sole charge of the stations at Kaity and Coonoor en­ trusted the chief burden of the work in Coonoor entirely to him, and felt confident that with him as pastor, the Church in Coonoor was in the best of hands. But the strain of the work was too much for him. He had been ailing for the last four years and, was often laid aside by severe attacks of Malaria. Soon after his ordination he fell seriously ill. He went to the sea-coast, to the Mission hospital at Calicut, to seek relief. But the doctor declared that his case was hopeless and sent him back to Coonoor, where he could enjoy home comforts. On the 3rd of September the Lord took His faithful servant home to His eternal rest and glory. A serious loss was caused to the Church in Malabar by the death of one of our most efficient and consecrated Indian ministers, the Rev. Stephen Chandran, who died at Calicut, on the 8th of November 1912. The departed brother was born in 1842, as the second son of the Rev. Paul Chandran, two years before his parents embraced Christianity. He thus received the benefit of a Christian education from his childhood. Being himself destined for the ministry, he was, after due preparation, sent to our theological institution at Mangalore. By the end of 1866, after a course of three years, he became a catechist, having passed his examination brilliantly in spite of his having gone through many afflictions during his course of study. Already in the early part of his career he was appointed to the responsible post of a warden and teacher in the old “Middle School” at Nettur, a boarding institution, in which a good gener­ al education was imparted to such of our Christian boys as desired, later on, to qualify as catechists, ministers, or teachers in the Mission. This post he occupied for about 17 years, and he thus became the guru of most of our Indian Mission workers in Malabar, among whom he ever afterwards held a position of great respect. After this long period of teaching at Nettur, he was for a time employed as an itinerating catechist at Dharmatham and a congregational catechist at Tellicherry, until, in 1886, he was ordained pastor. From 1891 to 1896 he was in charge of our Church at Chowa, and afterwards, for something more than a year served as pastor of Cannanore. While there he was appointed a member of the Committee for revising the Malayalam version of the Bible. In this important work he rendered very valuable assistance until November 1900, when he was entrusted with the charge of the Calicut Church, where he continued to work until his death. The able and efficient way in which he ministered to the Church is too well known in Malabar to need further mention. As preacher and pastor he was an example to his brother ministers, and as a Christian character of rare uprightness he enjoyed the unfeigned respect of both Indians and Europeans alike, all of whom have felt his departure as a personal loss. Our departed brother was active until the end, — in fact, he was never happy unless at work. Even when, during the last months of his life, he felt his health failing, he still tried to plod on. Yet, when the 43

Lord sought to mature him still more, through the school of suffering, he well understood his Master’s intention, remarking on one occasion: “Children, don’t grieve about m e; God sent me this suffering, because 1 must learn patience and because it is expedient for me to have a ‘thorn in the flesh’. But be of good cheer; this present suffering will soon be turned into eternal glory.” The faithfulness which marked his public ministry was no less in evidence in regard to his family-life. Even during his last illness he insisted on himself conducting prayers for his family. “I must soon give an account of you”, he used to say to his children. When his end drew near, he once more- gathered his family around him for prayer. The chief topic of that parting prayer was the petition that his children might first of all seek the kingdom of God and His righteousness. Our brother scarcely thought then that his widow would survive him only three months. Yet so it happened. She died after a mild attack of paralysis on the 9th of February 1913. We feel sure that this servant of Christ will be among those who will be privileged to hear the blessed words of their Master: “Well done, good and faithful servant: thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will set thee over many things: enter thou into the joy of thy Lord” The picture drawn of our Church would however not be true, unless we state that there is still much to be found in our congregations which does not commend them to their non- Christian brethren. We will not express too strongly our disapproval of the inclination to imitate European ways of life by some of our people, though in more than one case, this tendency has led to debts and even worse things. More serious than this is the temptation to conform to the ways of this world. Tom-tom, theatricals and different kinds of plays form such a large component of the pastime of their non-Christian friends and relatives that the temptation to introduce such things into our congregations is sometimes great. In several of our congregations in Southern Mahratta, dramas were .performed, and in Kanara some think it essential that their marriage processions should be accompanied by a band of musicians. These things may seem trivial, but they are not. People who delight in such things forget that they have renounced, not only the devil and all his works, but also the vain pomp and glory of the world. They forget also that this following of the customs of the present age will depress the spiritual life of their Church to the level of the spiritually dead communities around them.

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Among the villagers the temptation to desecrate the Lord’s day by performing everyday work is particularly great, while on the other hand, for some of those in towns, the temptation, to spend their Sunday evenings in taverns is even greater. We may, however, say that whereas on the whole, drinking habits are increasing in India even among caste people who were till now total abstainers, the work of our temperance associations has proved to such a degree successful that the drinking of intoxicants is looked upon, among our people, as something to be ashamed of. We know, however, that temperance associations have still a Mission to perform in our Church, and we are glad that some of our brethren are persevering in this particular line of work, even when no pressure from their superiors is brought to bear upon them. The saddest things that came to light during the year, were more than a dozen cases of grave “sins of the flesh” in a special sense of the word. If any one should think that this is due to so many of our people living together in industrial centres, he would be very much mistaken. In one of our congregations four people had to be excommunicated, on account of sins of this kind, but not one of the four was working in an industrial establishment. The pastor of the congregation who reported this particular case says: “Those who find fault with our congregations in industrial centres frequently say that these congregations of industrial workers are inferior to the congregations of agriculturists. But as for our district, South Mahratta, this contention is far from being correct.” What Mr. B u d ig i thus states concerning Southern Mahratta is also applicable to other districts of our Mission field. This brings us to the social condition of the Church. The greater number of our Christians are Social people who, when they joined us, had left condition of behind them everything, either from necessity the Church. or from motives of too great a liberality, or who had otherwise become destitute. That many of these lived regardless of their past and future is not to be wondered at. This recklessness is an enemy, in the struggle against which our industrial establishments were of great help. Gradually things have changed. Most of our 45

Christians have learned that they must help themselves. As for those who wish to join our Church, with the idea that the missionaries, the congregation, or even God will derive a great profit from their joining us, and we should therefore be ever ready to help them in every way they wished,—they have learned that this is an exploded idea. Benefits that were accepted in such a frame of mind have very seldom really benefited those who received them. The new-comers of the present time are really a step in advance of a great number of those who joined us in former years. We do not claim that they have altogether given up asking at least for work. The idea, however, that it is the bounden duty of the pastor or the Mission to help them is decidedly met with less frequently now than in former times. In our older and larger congregations we find a growing number of people who, thanks to the facilities that have been offered them to climb higher on the social ladder, are now anxious to become independent. This desire to improve their circumstances does not always manifest itself in a pleasing manner. Some people, especially those who, till now, have not experienced what a new birth means, grow impatient, because things develop so slowly and not in the very way they wish them to develop. They sometimes become suspicious of those who are seeking ways and means for their elevation, and foolishly regard them as the greatest obstacles in the way of their progress. Painful though such times of transition are with their paroxysms or convul­ sions,—we know that they are inevitable in a work, done by foreigners, and we prefer such a striving after progress to an indolent dependence on others. The only thing we pray for is that they may not forget, what, at one time of their life, they all learned in their catechism at their confirm­ ation, namely that man’s first and foremost care should be to have a certain hope of eternal life, as the Lord Christ saith (Matthew vi, 33): and to make His kingdom and His righteous­ ness their chief aim and then these things shall all be added unto them. Perhaps one of the most difficult problems in several of our stations in the Kanara and South Mahratta districts is 46 the question how to induce the agricultural population of our small out-stations to support themselves on their fields. Those who know something about the abject poverty of many of these poor tenants, and the almost superhuman struggle for the barest existence that many of these people have, will understand without difficulty that many of them prefer work­ ing in an industrial establishment with its comparatively sure income to the miserable life of a tenant which is almost an incessant struggle for existence. In the course of years hundreds of our people have left our out-stations and have resorted to industrial centres. There is no material difference, in this respect, between districts where industrial establish­ ments have been started in connection with the Mission, and South Mahratta, where there are no industrial establishments at all in connection with the Mission. In that district also several small congregations of our out-stations are in danger of being slowly absorbed by congregations in towns, where people can find work in factories, or get some other employ­ ment. Mr. E is f e l d e r of Guledgudd who has been watching this deplorable movement for years in South Mahratta, and who feels most strongly on this point, is of opinion that these people should be taught some industry, in addition to agri­ culture, by which they might earn something during the months when they have no agricultural work. Those of our brethren in Kanara who have most experience with congrega­ tions of agriculturists, are precisely of the same opinion. It is of no use to tell these people to use their wits and under­ take some other work of their own accord. The very fact that they are not able to do this, without the advice and assistance of others, is the problem that troubles our minds. There cannot be the least doubt that the social condition of these small out-stations must receive our most thoughtful consideration, if the present development is not to lead to a gradual loss of these outposts, which loss in the interest of the evangelisation of the country would be extremely deplorable. 47

3. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF OUR CHURCH The last general census has revealed the rather unsatis­ factory condition of the Christian Church in India with regard to literacy. It is no doubt a serious thing that more than 75 per cent of the Christian population should be unable to read and write. In our Churches, we are confident the proportion is just reversed. It has been, for a long time, a rule with us to require all Christian parents to send all their children to school; and no child that cannot read and write is admitted into full membership of the Church. Schools for the Christian children have therefore been considered, for a very long time, an indispensable part of the Church’s work, and provision for teaching our children in schools has been considered and is still thought as necessary as the preaching and teaching of adults in our churches. We would never consider a Church a self-supporting Church which had not made adequate pro­ vision for the teaching of Christian children. Some of these congregational schools have only four classes, but the rule is five classes, and some congregations, especially in Malabar, maintain schools with six classes. In Calicut they have even a separate parochial school for boys and an­ other one for girls, with more than 100 Christian children in each of them. In Cannanore and a few other places, an en­ couraging attempt has been made in the teaching of some manual occupation in the higher classes. It is a matter of great regret, however, that here and there are found, especially in large places like Mangalore, some parents who do not realise the importance of these congregational schools with their Christ­ ian training, so that they are not ashamed of sending their little ones to other institutions where no such training is imparted. It is one of our great endeavours, and our pastors and elders are taught to consider it one of their chief duties, to bring home to the mind of our people that the Christian education of their children is one of their greatest privileges, as well as one of their most sacred duties. And where really earnest efforts are being made to maintain this principle we are sure that it also can be realised, even under the most unfavourable cir­ cumstances. This has been proved at our station in Karkal. 48

Our Christians there are living scattered over a rather large area, very often many miles away from a Mission school. Besides this, almost all the members of our Church in that station are agriculturists, and, therefore, their children are a great help to them in their daily work. Yet, conscious of the importance of Christian training for the spiritual growth of a congregation, our people there were, not without some opposi­ tion, however, and heartburning at the beginning, trained to send all their school-going children for two years to the central station, where they are kept in a small boarding house. Under the supervision of the missionary or the pastor the children have to attend school regularly. This required some self-sacrifice on the part of the parents, and not a little patience and firmness on the part of the leaders of the Church, but now our people have learned to submit to this rule without murmuring, and begin to see the blessing of it. This is the place to speak about our boarding houses and orphanages. The Church of each district maintains Boarding two orphanages, one for boys and one for houses and girls, and besides these six larger orphan- orphanages. ages, there are two smaller orphanages on the Nilgiris, and one in Coorg. There were last year in all these orphanages 305 boys and 280 girls. It is impossible to print in a short summary like this the very interesting reports we have received about these orphan­ ages. Only a few things here and there can be mentioned. To begin in the north of our field, we mention first the Girls’ Orphanage at Sumaddi near Guledgudd. This institution has the advantage of having not only European superin­ tendents of ripe experience, but also a number of experienced teachers and schoolmistresses. The girls are not only equipped with a literary education, and instructed in the art of needle­ work, but are also given opportunity, at the time of harvest, to help in gathering in the fruit from the fields which the indefatigable superintendent, Mr. E i s f e l d e r , has acquired in the ‘immediate neighbourhood of the school. This institution is of inestimable value to the whole district, not only because hundreds of girls have there acquired habits of piety and thrift, but because it is, at the same time, the nursery REV. K. ERNST WITH PASTORS AND CATECHISTS OF SOUTHERN MAHRATTA 49 for most of our Christian mistresses in S. Mahratta. Last year, of the four girls who had appeared for and passed the entrance examination of the Training School for Mistresses at Dharwar, three were admitted into, the Training School. It is customary in such institutions for the young, to let festi­ vals follow labour. Though long excursions could not be made last year, because it was a year of scarcity and all the food stuffs had risen in price, there was no lack of occasions to bring an always welcome change. Two of the older girls were married, and all their younger sisters partook with enthusiasm of the treat, necessarily connected with a wedding in India. Nine of the 75 girls were admitted to full Church- membership by confirmation. This is always looked upon as •a high festival, and many a sacred resolution is made on such a day, not only by those who are confirmed, but also by those who look forward to their own confirmation. The orphanage at Sumaddi last year resembled, for some time, an island in a raging sea. Round about them plague was raging; but Sumaddi remained free from it, though at times the waves of these death-dealing waters were dashing right against the shores of the tiny island. The Boys’ Orphanage at Bettigeri had 60 inmates. Those of the boys who do well at school, have the chance of being sent to the Students’ Home in connection with our High School at Dharwar. Others have an opportunity, in Bettigeri itself, to learn weaving or carpentry and thus to become use­ ful members of our Church and society. Mrs. E r n s t reports that last year two non-Christian boys, who had been in prison, were bound over to the orphanage. Both of them were about 12 years old. One of the two ran away, before he could be handed over to the superintendent of the orphanage^ He was, however, brought back and he declared that he was ready to become a weaver. He was admitted to the weaving school, but very soon ran away again. One of our mission­ aries was kind enough to take charge of the boy and we hope that in course of time he may be induced to lead an orderly and honest life. The other of the two is half deaf. He is learning carpentry. Though he also ran away several times, he seems to be reconciled now to his lot, and one can see 7 50 him now sometimes walking about arm in arm, quite happy> with one of the other boys in whom he seems to have found a friend. About the Kanara Boys’ Orphanage at Udipi Mrs. P f l e i d e r e r reports that among the nearly 100 boys entrusted to their care, sevferal cases of mortal diseases had occurred during the year. Several boys suffered from pneumonia, but all, except one very weak child, recovered. On the 24th of October, one of the boys, who had to help in drawing water from the well, leaned too far over the parapet wall and fell into the well. Had this been in the hot season when pieces of rock are projecting from the water at the bottom of the well, our little Dasa would probably have been killed, but as the water in the well then stood at a pretty high level, he did not suffer by the fall, and could be rescued without difficulty. Nearly at the close of the year, two brothers, Taniya and Basappa, were admitted. Their mother had died from snake­ bite, and the boys found themselves alone with an old grand­ mother. Other relatives there were none. It is true that a certain uncle had come, immediately after the death of the mother, and had taken the children and their grandmother, as well as the ornaments of the dead mother to his home. But after a few days the children were sent away and told to support themselves. One of our Christians, a poor day- labourer, pitied the poor boys and took them into his house. But. as he was not in a position to feed them any longer, they were brought to our school, where they not only receive food and clothing, but are also brought up in the fear and admonition of the Lord. A very short time afterwards the half blind grandmother also was turned out of doors by the “uncle” who had stepped in so timely, and she also came to Udipi. May she too, in her old age, come to see the true Light which lighteth every man coming into the world. Our Girls’ Orphanage at Moolky lost a faithful mistress, the daughter and granddaughter of the two matrons of the same orphanage. She was a true disciple of the Lord, be­ loved by the children, and respected by her superiors. Mrs. G r o s s m a n n reports that the children took a great interest in 51 the renovation of the Moolky church building. When they saw that everybody was trying to contribute, according to their means, they also, quite by themselves, resolved to do something. So they asked for permission to have only half meals, thrice a week for evening meals, so that they might give the other half to their church. Our Orphanage at Anandapur in Coorg has a unique position in our Mission and Church. It is not an institution for the children of our Church, but rather a kind of rescue home for children whose parents were working on the coffee and rubber estates, and had either died from fever or had left their children destitute in this world. There is not the least doubt that quite a number of children would have perished, if they had not found their way to Anandapur, or if some sympathetic planter had not pitied the poor orphans and sent them to Mr. F is c h e r who has been, for many years, a father to the fatherless in Coorg. But in spite of all the care that is bestowed upon them at Anandapur, quite a number of these greatly neglected children are past being kept alive, when they are brought to Anandapur. What Mrs. F is c h e r has to report, year after year, in this respect is most touching. This year she writes: “Very painful was our experience with Kamala and Prity. Both of these little girls did not regain strength, in spite of all the milk and all the nourishment we gave them. A lingering disease, probably the consequence of former privations, consumed the little strength that had been left, and the Heavenly Gardener trans­ planted these two little plants, after much suffering, into His own nursery. Our heart still aches when we think of our Lilly Shanti. On account of some troublesome disease she had been mercilessly turned out of the house by her relatives. In our home she still suffered, for a considerable time, from ulcers and abscesses, and had to be operated upon repeatedly. But slowly these abscesses disappeared and we were happy in the thought that she would live. She was with us for five years, and had ingratiated herself with everybody, because of her obedience and willingness to serve, wherever she could. Her whole love she bestowed on the few tiny little girls

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among our foster-children, to whom she became quite a little mother. Lilly’s face acquired gradually such an expression of content and happiness that guests coming to visit the orphanage were struck by it. But, all on a sudden, she fell ill again and was taken away from us. In the white Sari which she had received at the time of her confirmation, and which she had worn when partaking of the Lord’s Supper, she was laid away for her last rest, and we have no doubt that we shall find this poor, dear child among the great multitude standing before the throne of God arrayed in white robes with palms in their hands.” In Malabar, we have the Boys’ Orphanage at Paraperi, near Codacal. Here again God’s helping hand was experienced, in more ways than one. One of the little boys accidentally fell and came to lie under a heavy stone-roller in motion. Though there was reason to fear the worst, the little man suffered only a few contusions. — This orphanage, like most of the others, succeeded in acquiring a number of personal friends at home, who, from time to time, send very substantial tokens of their friendship. In this way, the Y. M. C. A. of Geneva supplied this orphanage not only with a harmonium to accom­ pany the singing of the boys, but also with a useful pump to bring up the large quantity of water required for the great household from the well. We need not say that both presents were heartily appreciated. Our Girls’ Orphanage at Chombala gave shelter to more children than any of the other boarding schools. There were 106 girls living there at the end of the year. The kitchen was rebuilt, and a new sick-room was added during the year. Thank God, this latter had not often to be used. The head •-master of the school has been serving there for more than twenty years. He and the mistresses employed have no easy task, as the children have not only to be taught during the school hours, but have also to be supervised for the rest of the time, and to keep the eyes upon more than 106 girls is, as everybody will easily understand, not an easy task. The two orphanages on the Nilgiris, the one for boys at Kaity and the other for girls at Kotagiri, have also been doing their work quietly during the past year. Mr. R is c h at Kaity 53 is anxious to raise the school, in connection with the orphan­ age, to a secondary school. As quite a number of Christian boys who had to be sent to Udipi for their further education, could not stand the hot climate of the coast, the addition of at least a few higher classes to the present school is certainly desirable, in the interest of the Church, as well as in the interest of the evangelisation of the population as a whole. All the parochial schools and orphanages are looked upon as institutions to be maintained by the Church. It is not to be supposed that our Church is able now to bear the whole financial burden of them, but they form part and parcel of the Church’s budget and account, and though the Church can, for the present, meet the expenditure only, because the Mission grants a large amount of subsidy, the Church must learn thereby that the education of the Christian children, and the pro­ vision for orphanages, is her own duty and concern. The educational institutions for the training of Christian teachers and pastors should, properly speaking, also be maintained by the Indian Church, but we are afraid that these institutions will, for many years to come, have to be provided by the Missionary Societies, through whose instrumentality the Churches have been planted in this country. We proceed now to the

II. EDUCATIONAL WORK OF THE MISSION 1. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS The number of all our schools at the end of the year was 204 over against 188 the year before. While it is always easy for schools in towns to maintain a good strength, our schools in out-of-the-way places have at times to pass through years of scarcity. But perseverance, and sometimes change of staff, will, in such cases, save the life of many a small school. The work that is done in these small Mission schools is of the greatest importance for the uplift, especially of the poorer classes of the population, and for the evangelisation of the country as a whole. Many a Christian schoolmaster, living alone in non-Christian surroundings, bearing his cross 54 and performing his duty, does sterling Mission work and is to be looked upon as a Mission worker, in the true sense of the term. While it ought to be clear to non-Christians also that the educational value of a Mission school, with its Bible teaching and moral training, is really more beneficial to the population than a school without religious instruction, we can understand that here and there the conservatism of some sections of the people feels itself menaced by the work done in our schools. It is, therefore, not be wondered at that we have had to encounter, in some places, a good deal of worry through slander and underhand dealings. But, on the whole, and in most places, the attitude of the people towards our schools is friendly and appreciative, and it always requires some secret agitation to make this otherwise. Though, as a matter of principle, emphasizing the necessity of education of the people as a whole, through elementary schools, our Mission has, from the beginning, thought it right to impart a higher education to those who are fit to receive it. In course of time many other secondary schools have come into existence, but we know that our secondary schools have still a mission to perform, even in places where competition in educational work has become rather keen. In Kanara we have two complete and several incomplete secondary schools. The Secondary School at Mangalore, the oldest English school in the district, is progressing satis­ factorily. The premises have been considerably improved and the hostel is being enlarged. Mr. B l u m and his devoted staff are trying their best to keep abreast of the times, and we have no doubt that the Mangalore school will, for many years to come, maintain its reputation as a solid and sound educational institution. The Udipi Secondary School is going to have a new building; and the excellent educational work that has been going on at Udipi for so many years, is more than worthy of the erection of a schoolhouse adapted to the requirements of the times. Last year also the school has done very good work. On the 19th and 20th of September the school was visited by the Government Inspector of Schools, who summar­ ized his impression of the school in his inspection report as 55 follows: “The work is most satisfactory, with the Science and Drawing schemes as notably well thought out. The qualifica­ tions of the staff are good. The condition of the school is due to the energetic control of a manager living on the premises.” The endeavour of our brethren to raise the English School at Honavar, in North Kanara, to the standard of a full High School will, we hope, be accomplished during the current year. Mr. M ü n c h and his staff have spared no pains to provide that part of the country, which, compared with South Kanara, may be described as backward, with a good English school, in which not only a sound secular education is to be imparted, but pupils are also to be taught that “the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and the knowledge of the Holy One is understanding”. Our only High School in Southern Mahratta is at Dharwar, but incomplete secondary schools were started at Bijapur and Hubli. As in all our High Schools, so also at Dharwar, many of the boys follow the religious instruction with great interest. In written answers to the short examination papers the missionary has occasionally an opportunity to see something of what is in the boys’ heart. Sometimes, however, he also learns what extraordinary stories are circulating among the population, and what kind of travesties of Bible stories are possible even in this time, when a New Testament may be bought for only a few annas. One of the boys wrote in one of the answer papers: “One day Jesus sent two servants to steal an ass. When this was reported to the king, this one sent for Jesus and asked him why he had stolen the ass. Jesus replied that he was no thief. But because the servants had stolen the ass, the king ordered the servants to be crucified, and Jesus in the middle of them”. Mr. T a n n e r reports that a large number of former students are still very much attached to their old school, of which a lively correspondence between them and their former Principal is ample proof. In Malabar we have, apart from several incomplete secondary schools, three high schools (one for girls and two for boys), and a second grade college. The two High Schools for Boys at Palghat and Tellicherry continue to do very good work, both from a purely educa­ 56 tional, as well as from the missionary point of view. Mr. M a u e (Palghat) and Mr. S c h e u e r (Tellicherry) emphasize in their reports the importance of a staff of teachers who, during the hours of school as well as out of school, will look to the interest of their pupils. Mr. Scheuer was for some time in great anxiety, because a teacher left his post, before a successor could be found. Small as the difficulties of our brethren in charge of our educational institutions may seem at times, the difficulty to secure and maintain a staff of teachers fit for a Mission school is a real one, and one which chiefly settles the question whether we are to extend our educational work or not. That religious instruction should form a part of every, educa­ tional system, and that it forms an integral part of our school work is well known to everybody. We try to present the Lord Jesus Christ to the students attending our schools and we have nothing better than His salvation to offer to them. Ef­ ficiency from every point of view is our guiding principle, and we are glad that our brethren engaged in educational work unhesitatingly endorse the statement of the All India Missionary Conference held in Calcutta last December:— “That, since it is desirable to produce a profound Christian impression rather than a diffused Christian atmosphere, if the choice at any time should be between more students and more efficient education, the latter should be unhesitatingly chosen”. — Both the schools continue to be very popular. At Palghat a spacious building is just now under construction, and at Tellicherry also every corner of the building is filled with classes, so that Mr. Scheuer will also have to face the question of building an extension ere long. The Girls’ High School at Calicut is maintaining the good reputation it so amply deserves. Miss M e t z g e r , the manager and head mistress of the school, writes in very appreciating terms about the never-failing readiness of a few tried members of her teaching staff who are willing to step in and take upon themselves some extra work, when necessity requires it. Miss B o n o r a n d , to whom so many were warmly attached, left for Europe. On the other hand, the school had the pleasure to welcome Miss S p e c h t , who is also to devote all her time to the institution. Towards the close of the year, several of 57 the girls fell ill, and two of them died on one and the same day. That Miss Metzger tries to supplement the ordinary curriculum by courses of instruction calculated to be of special use to her students in their after life, the following short extract from her report shows: “It was a special pleasure for me that from the beginning of June a course in Hygiene and Ele­ mentary Nursing could be introduced. Dr. S t o k e s had placed at our disposal for the teaching of these subjects the services of the young Sub-Assistant Surgeon K u n h i l l a , a former pupil of our school. Kunhilla had in her time been one of our best pupils and was a credit to our school, when she was studying medicine in Ludhiana. Her death, on the 14th of September, put a sudden end to so many expectations, and also brought to an untimely close this course in Nursing.” It may be mentioned here that another pupil of our school applied for admission to the Medical Institution in Ludhiana and left for the distant North soon after Kunhilla’s death. The Second Grade College, Calicut, had 926 students: 729 in the High School Department and 197 in the Intermediate classes. In July, Mr. K n o b l o c h reports, the inspection by the Government Inspector of Schools took place; he gave us some valuable hints and seemed to be satisfied with the work done. For the prize distribution, which came off on the 26th of October, we received this year two special prizes: a gift of Rs. 30 from the Tiya Temple Committee for boys of their caste, and another gift by the present Zamorin of Calicut, for the best student in Sanskrit. Among other visitors our institution was honoured by the visits of the Honourable Sivaswami Iyer and by the Rajah of Kallengode, whose brother studied in our Senior Intermediate Class. The Rajah of Kallengode presented us with two valuable prizes for the best boys in games. That sports are not neglected with us is proved by the fact that in the Inter-school sports of all the higher schools of Malabar our boys again obtained the much coveted challenge cup. The staff of the college was strengthened by the arrival of another missionary, Mr. R . D a u b , p h . d ., who took up his work as Professor of Physics in June. About the working in the college classes the Principal, Mr. H o a r e , reports as follows: We began the year 1912 with a Senior Intermediate Class of 26 and a Junior Class of about 130. In the Intermediate Examination 11 passed, of whom 4 passed in the I. Class. These results compare favourably 8 58 with those obtained by other colleges. On the reopening, after the summer vacation, promotions and admissions took place. Some of those who failed to get promotion from the Junior to the Senior Class left; with new admissions we had a Senior Class just over, and a Junior just under, one hundred. The admissions to the latter class were made in accordance with the principles laid down by the syndicate. Hundreds of applications were rejected. It is, of course, not easy to say how deep the impressions made during the hours of religious instruction are, and whether they are permanent; but I feel that the main purpose of the establishment of this college is being fulfilled in the development of a manly Christian charac­ ter.—The conduct of the students, as a whole, is excellent and a good tone prevails throughout the college. Our college classes, of course, have quite outgrown our present accommodations, and until the new buildings are completed and used, we shall have to put up with many inconveniences. The hostels connected with most of these high schools are highly appreciated by many of the students, and the minis­ try of friendship that is rendered by the wardens of these hostels to the inmates, will certainly not be in vain. While some students may be less ready to listen to Christian teach­ ing by word, they will appreciate and feel attracted by the unselfish spirit in which these hostels are conducted.

2. SPECIAL EDUCATION OF CHRISTIANS In connection with our High Schools of Dharwar, Udipi, and Tellicherry we maintain boarding homes for Christian students which, however, are not mere boarding houses, but institutions, in which a deeper instruction in biblical subjects is imparted to the students, most of whom will serve later on either as preachers or teachers. These Christian Students’ Homes are of the utmost importance for the development of our Church, and the most efficient teaching of an ordinary high school cannot supply the place of the education imparted in these Students’ Homes. Our Theological Seminaries at Mangalore and Nettur near Tellicherry closed the year with an attendance of 45 students, of whom six students of the Mangalore Seminary have, in the meantime, passed their final examination, and have been ap­ pointed catechists. The theological, biblical, and linguistic lessons— a course of four or five years— are, for the greater part, 59 imparted through the medium of the vernacular. We know that there is at present a tendency, here and there, to look down upon teaching in the vernacular, and to consider teaching in English essential, for the obtaining of well-qualified workers. We consider this tendency a mistake, for, not only is it opposed to the desire of helping the Indian Church to develop along indigenous lines, but it is also raising still higher “the barrier that already, in too many cases, exists between the mind of the student and the minds of those, amongst whom his life work is afterwards to be done”.—Though we value learning highly, we never forget that it is worthless, in the cause of religion, if the possessor is not a converted man. Whereas, on the other hand, its value is enhanced, if the student is truly converted to God, and he makes his learning subservient to the great work to which he is called. To convert these young men is not our work, but the Lord’s. That the Lord is doing His work in many a student’s heart we have reason to believe, and we pray that the Lord may keep all in His grace, and make them faithful workers in His vineyard. From our Seminary at Nettur five students have graduated last year. They were examined in the following subjects: D ogm atics—1. Which grounds do we find in the Scriptures for the doctrine of the Trinity? 2. The chief points of the doctrine of the atonement. 3. Repentance, its essence and necessity, the divine action and the human co-operation appearing in it. Practical Theology— 1. Describe the qualifications of a good sermon. 2. The pastor’s minis­ try at the sick-bed. 3. The inner qualifications for the pastoral office. Ethics—1. Show the aim, character, and connection of daily prayer and work in the life of a Christian. 2. Define the term Adiaphora. Indicate those which come chiefly into consideration with us and show what position the Christian has to take with regard to them. Apologetics— 1. Describe the chief positions of Pantheism and try, in refuting them, to prove the existence of a personal God. 2. Describe the view scientists of Haeckel’s school take concerning the creation of the world and show how much of that theory may be reconciled with the Christian view. Church History—1. The Arian controversy. 2. Monachism, its origin, and propagation in the East and the West. Sym bolics—l. Doctrine of the Roman and Evangelical Church about Repentance. 2. What is the teaching about the Church, according to the Roman and according to the Evangelical doctrine? Introduction to the Old Testament—1. Describe the office of the pro­ phets, and the development of the History of Prophecy. 2. Contents and

8* 60 origin of the Books of Samuel. Contents and origin of Genesis. Intro­ duction to the New Testament— 1. Describe the work of St. Paul in Corinth, as well as the conditions of the Corinthian Church at the time when St. Paul wrote his letters. 2. What do you know about James and his epistle? Old Testament Exegesis—1. Explain Isaiah 6, 1—8 or 53, 1—9. 2. Some general remarks about Psalm 19, and explanation of verses 7—14. New Testament Exegesis—1. Explain Romans 5,6—11, or Romans 8,18 to 23. 2. Describe the probable origin of the term “logos” and explain John 1, 9— 14. Non-Christian Religions—1. What is the conception of God in the R igveda? or, Describe the conception of God in connection with the doctrine of M aya. 2. The chief points about transmigration. 3. Describe and explain the Mohammedan rites of worship. Just as in former years, so in the past year the students of our seminaries have taken part in practical work, not only in Sunday School work here and there, but also in Bazaar preaching, and they have also gone on more extensive preach­ ing tours. In the beginning of the year the Seminarists of Mangalore, with their teachers, made a preaching tour to North Kanara and preached at Bhatkal, Honavar, and especially at the well-known place of pilgrimage, at Gokarna. It was a great encouragement to our brethern in North Kanara to be assisted by such a band of singers and preachers, and we have no doubt that many of the hearers who, as a rule, see only a very few Christians, must have come to the conclusion that Christianity is, after all, not a religion with only a few adherents. Our Nettur Training School for Teachers is growing year by year, the number on the rolls during the year under report being 24, and now about 50t The rapid growth of this insti­ tution is, no doubt, partly due to the present state of affairs, viz., the great need for teachers, and the corresponding en­ couragement of training schools by Government, and partly, also, to the conscientious and faithful work of the teachers of the institution. In Kanara, our teachers are sent to the Government Training School in Mangalore, but have to undergo afterwards one year more of training in our private Mission Training School at Udipi, where they receive not only instruction in biblical and religious subjects and music, but also a supplementary course in Pedagogics and Method. 61

The Training School for Mistresses at Mangalore was closed at the end of the year, as Government declared them­ selves ready to open such an institution in Mangalore. In future, therefore, our girls will have to go to the Government Training School, and adequate provision for their religious and moral education will have to be made by the Mission. This whole arrangement seems, however, to have the character of an experiment, and we are not sure whether we shall not have to reopen this Training School for mistresses after some years.

3. NURSERIES FOR LITTLE CHILDREN AND SUNDAY SCHOOL WORK No account of our educational work would be complete that did not take notice of our nurseries for little ones and our Sunday Schools. Nurseries are, of course, only a necessity, where people cannot themselves be expected to look after their little children. We find them, therefore, chiefly in in­ dustrial centres like Mangalore, Hubli, Cannanore, etc. That nurseries are a great blessing in such places to the Christian congregation goes without saying, for not only are the small children kept there from the dangers of the street, but are also accustomed to cleanliness and orderliness, and their interest in Bible stories and children’s songs is not less than in the enjoyment they derive from their games. The number of pupils in our Sunday Schools has again grown, there being now 4700 children in our Sunday Schools. In this respect Malabar stands far ahead of the other districts, Malabar having alone 3300 children in its schools. Mr. R e n z of Calicut, with his devoted staff of Sunday School teachers, has not only done much in stimulating the interest in Sunday School work, but he has also succeeded in obtaining per­ mission to give Bible teaching regularly in quite a number of private schools on week days. This proves that in Malabar more advanced ideas are held, in many quarters, than in the considerably more conservative districts of Kanara and South Mahratta. With these remarks we have, however, already begun to touch upon the subject of evangelistic work, to which we shall now turn. 62

III. EVANGELISTIC WORK It is a matter of great regret that with the growing amount of administrative and congregational work, the number of workers, both Indian and European, set aside Staff of to do evangelistic work in a special sense workers. of the term, consisting in the preaching of the Gospel to non-Christians, seems to be placed in the background. We may, however, say that, in the handing over of more responsibility to the Indian pastors, our European missionaries will find it somewhat easier, in future, to disentangle themselves from work at headquarters, and so they can devote more of their time and strength to direct Mission work. Evangelistic work among non-Christ­ ians has also partly suffered by the taking away of a number of very able men from this particular kind of work, and transferring them to congregational work. Though this may be in the interest of our Church, and as such, often a matter of unavoidable necessity, we yet must try to keep capable evangelists, for a greater number of years, in the work, in which they may be considered to be experts. We are sorry that we lost also some of our brethren, in this department of work, by death or retirement. In January 1912, Mr. C y p r i a n A runachallum , of Cannanore, suddenly broke down on a preaching tour. He was brought to his home, where he was very ill up to the month of April, when he seemed to recover, but only to fall ill again. He died in July, not, however, without having made good use of the opportunity thus given him, to prepare for the great change he was to make, from mortality to immortality. And in the beginning of the current year, our dear old Mr. S a m u e l B u n y a n , of Honavar in North Kanara, went home, after a long service of over forty years. Mr. Samuel Bunyan was born in Mangalore in 1848. He received his early education in the well-known Primary and Middle Schools at Udipi, and afterwards entered the Theological Seminary at Mangalore. Here he was trained for evangelistic work and was appointed a catechist in January, 1869. For nearly a decade he worked in the out-stations of Udipi and Moolky, but in 1877 he was transferred to Honavar, in North Kanara, whence, after about seven years, he went to Karwar, where he 63 stayed for twenty years, and then, when that station was abolished in 1903, he was sent back to Honavar, where he worked till he was called home. In all, Mr. Samuel Bunyan laboured in the vineyard of the Lord for a period of 43 years, of which fully 34 years were spent in North Kanara. The number of evangelists in North Kanara has always been small com­ pared with the number in the district of South Kanara. He travelled through the length and breadth of the district, and became a familiar figure even in the remotest corners of the country. In his long preaching tours he had to undergo many hardships. Once he was surrounded by about 40 people who knocked his turban off his head, robbed him of his money, and, after having searched all his clothes, threatened to bury him in the sand. Had he not been of so quiet and patient a disposition, he might have lost his life then. Samuel was a man of rare tact and humility. By these and by his ripe experience he proved of great help especially to younger missionaries, all of whom loved him dearly and feel his loss very keenly. Samuel has, for several decades, sown the Gospel seed in the whole of North Kanara. Up and down the ghats, in towns and villages in the houses of Brahmans and Shudras, he was a well-known personality. He knew the religion of the non-Christians around him better than many a non-Christian him­ self. He preached the Word of God before great crowds, and to indi­ vidual souls in their homes. He has sown the Gospel seed unceasingly in hope. The beginning of the Lord’s harvest he was still permitted to see, but the full harvest will be gathered in by other hands. The full harvest is sure to come, and then all will rejoice, both those who have sown and those who do reap! Some years ago we were asked by the National Mission­ ary Society, who had been searching for a suitable field of work for the branch of work connected with Delimitation the Syrian Church, to hand over to them the of Territory northern part of the district which had been in North formerly occupied by our Mission, but had Kanara. to be abandoned later on, in favour of other parts of our field, where the success of our work required a greater number of workers. Our brethren of the National Missionary Society proposed to occupy Karwar, which for a time had been a chief station, and afterwards, for many years, an out-station of Honavar. As the language spoken by the majority of the people in the northern part of North Kanara is Konkani, a dialect of Mahratti, we always found it hard to procure a sufficient number of workers to do the work effectively. We were therefore glad to hear that 64 the National Missionary Society would take up work in this part of the country where Konkani is the common language of the people. In the meantime, the National Missionary Society has begun work at Karwar, and we were approached by them, at the end of the year, to agree to a final delimi­ tation of boundaries, between the spheres of our respec­ tive work. By the final arrangement to which we have agreed, the National Missionary Society has assumed responsibility for the Karwar, Ankola, Supa and Halyal Taluks, as well as the northern half of the Yellapur Taluk, whereas we are res­ ponsible for the work in the Taluks of Honavar, Kumta, Sidapur, Sirsi, and the southern half of Yellapur. If our sphere of labour in North Kanara has become smaller, we hope to be able to work it more effectively than heretofore. We also trust that our brethren of the National Missionary Society may, in course of timé, have the joy of gathering in a more abundant harvest than we were privileged to reap.

In Southern Mahratta the preaching of Sowing the the Gospel, in most places, is listened to with seed and pleasure. But how deep are the impressions condition made, and how long they will last, is a of the field, different question. That numberless people are still steeped in gross superstition and ignorance is a fact that must strike even a casual observer. Take the case of Arudhaswami at Hubli, with his numerous followers. The man is worshipped like a deity, and at the side of his Ashrama a splendid structure is erected which is to be his tomb. It is needless to say that as soon as he closes his eyes for life, the man will be worshipped as a new deity, and so the number of deities is, even at the present time, continually increasing. In a similar manner, the worship of Sanmukha, a priest of the Lingaits, who died two years ago, is progressing. His samadhi has been built in a place near Guledgudd, and now people are worshipping the dead body which they are preserving in a heap of salt, offering unto him, like unto a god, cocoanuts, flowers, etc., and imploring his help in seasons of disease and distress. It is almost incredible that men in their senses should worship a dead body, but that is what is being done in India, even at this age of enlightenment and growing civilisation. Along with this abject superstition goes a moral decay, that, to every friend of the country, must be a source of deep sorrow. In more than one report of Southern Mahratta the writers record that, year after year, numerous murders take place, and Government is not able to inflict punishment on the culprits, because nobody is found to assist Government in giving witness against the murderers, or because witnesses are instructed to dissemble the truth and to tell lies. This proves clearly how much the moral sense of right and justice is blunted, and that the consciousness of sin is conspicuous by its absence. But in spite of all this the Gospel of Christ is listened to by many, and the preaching of the last fifty years and more has not been in vain in Southern Mahratta. This fact is proved not only by the existence of our congregations, but also by the gradual change that is coming over many minds and hearts. Mr. S p r i n g , who preached the Gospel last year in many a village and town in the Bijapur district, found the population round Konnur very responsive to his message. Many people thereabout know the Gospel and are intellec­ tually convinced of the truth of our preaching. The village headman of Plegnur expressed, at the close of a long conver­ sation, what many others feel in their heart of hearts. He said: “The fact that we are sinners and as such require a saviour, is clear to all. And that there is no saviour but Jesus we recognize.” What we would like to see is that such a confession should come not only from heads seeing these things, but from hearts really feeling them. But this is, taken as a whole, a very rare thing. Mr. E is f e l d e r of Guledgudd, who, as usual, spent a great part of the year in itinerancy, says that he and his assistants were almost without exception received kindly by all, but he adds that they found very little real hunger for the word of life. He also adds that they could sell a considerable number •of tracts and Bible portions, but that a certain amount of ■energy was required to dispose of them. In Chikkanal, be­ longing to the district of Guledgudd, our brethren were able 66 to acquire a plot of land and build a house for a catechist, whose duty it is, not only to minister to the spiritual wants of those in the place, who a few years ago entered the Christian Church, but also, and even more so, to preach the Gospel to the Hindu population living around him. That small out-stations of this kind should come into existence and prove centres of light and life is our earnest prayer. Mr. S p ie t h of Guledgudd, with his assistants, visited many places in the neighbourhood of Chikkanal, and he writes that in several villages of the Hyderabad State, which were formerly rather unfriendly, a change for the better has taken place, so that it is easier now to preach there. But also in the villages on the British side people listen with pleasure. Mr. Spieth w rites: A kindly man in a large village, Gudur, told us in the presence of all: “We understand now, at least, three quarters of your teaching; and that nobody quarrels with you in such a mischievous way as before, you yourself will agree. There is only one difficult point left now and that is our caste, but on the whole we believe what you say”.—This just ex­ presses what we missionaries also feel at times, namely that there is just that one difficult point of attack left, viz. caste. In Chikkanal a woman, last year, was suffering from dysentery. The catechist, who had been asked for help, offered to give some medicine. But suddenly the woman became alarmed, as she thought her caste might suffer harm, if she took the medicine. So she said, all on a sudden: “Before taking the medicine I must ask the father of Chimalki. ” (This meant that she wanted to ask first the advice of the priest of the idol Hanumanta at Chimalki.) She did as she said, walked three miles to the temple and received the answer: “ Go home, drink and wash yourself every day repeatedly in ‘dumb’ water” That is the woman had to go herself to the well, to wash and drink without speaking a word to anybody. (It is for this reason that it was called ‘dumb’ water.) Instead of getting better, however, she grew worse, and on the 13th day, the poor woman had to be laid in her grave, in spite of all “ the father of Chimalki ” had said. But she had at least preserved her caste to the end. In Bettigeri-Gadag work among non-Christians has been carried on as in previous years. Bazar preaching was not altogether abandoned, in spite of plague. Lectures in the Preaching Hall were delivered regularly. And at the railway station, a rather important junction, our colporteur Paul, a former Sanyasin, sold every day some Bible portions. In the south of Gadag, our work has obtained a base of support by 67 the opening of a new out-station at Mundargi. Mundargi was till the time of the Mutiny an independent state. Bhimaraya, a prince feared far and near, lost in a fight against the English his life and throne. His descendant, however, still resides under English protection at the place of his ancestors, and he very kindly receives the missionaries. It was through his kindness and with his. help that we came into possession of the Mission house in Mundargi. Though a Brahman and a high nobleman, he allowed all “the untouchables” to enter his 'place; he invited also the chief people of the town and then explained, in a very eloquent speech, that the intention of the missionaries and of the British Government was to help the down-trodden classes by the opening of special schools. This he said was a very laudable undertaking which deserved the support of all. A Government official of the same place, a Brahman of Mangalore, was also very kind to our people. He and the prince asked us not to become disheartened, if at first these poor people should not respond to our endeavours. We soon learned, moreover, that these untouchables are sub­ divided into about ten sub-castes which do not touch each other. So the beginning was indeed not easy. Mr. E r n s t , to whom we owe these details, on his last visit to Mundargi, went himself into the houses and huts of these poor people, (cobblers, tanners, butchers, musicians, etc.) took these un­ touchables by their hands, and, as a father does with his children, he personally conducted them to school. May the love of Christ which constraineth us, win also the hearts of these down-trodden people and transform them into the likeness of Christ, who laid down His life also for them. In Hubli the lectures to non-Christians, in the Preaching Hall of the Hubli bazar, still attract a number of hearers, and that the work done there is not in vain is proved by several conversions having taken place in consequence of the preaching there. Mr. B e r l i is doing, in this Lecture Hall, much concentrated work that may serve as a model to others. South of Hubli, at Haveri, an out-station could be opened last year, and we have reason to believe that the work begun there will soon be crowned with considerable success. Our evangelist, Mr. J o s e p h D halabhanjana , at Dharwar,

9* 68 was ailing a long time, but after undergoing an operation at Miraj he could take up his work again and spent 184 days in itinerancy, partly alone and partly with Mr. B o m m e r , who, with the help of his magic lantern, drew large audiences, so that our brethren had splendid opportunities to tell the Word of God to thousands of people. While in Dharwar itself an anti-Christian spirit sometimes manifested itself in a very rude kind of opposition, preaching in the villages was, as a rule, not only undisturbed, but listened to attentively and intelligently. * In the evangelisation of a district the work of the Bible- women plays, of course, an important part. At Hubli, Miss S t v e h e l in , with three Bible-women, conducted work not only in the town, but also went on longer journeys, in the company of Mrs. E r n s t , or of one of the other missionary ladies of Bettigeri. At Dharwar and Bijapur also the evangelisation of women was carried on perseveringly. Miss Staehelin reports that they also, as best they could, offered Bible portions and tracts to the women they visited, but, in this respect, the great illiteracy of the women proved a great obstacle. The Bible-woman of Lakshmeshwara says in her report: “Though Lakshmeshwara is a native state, Bible-woman work is not more difficult here than in other places. Most of the women here listen attentively. At one time I tell them a Bible story and another time a verse of the Scriptures, which I explain. I find that the history of our Lord’s suffering and death makes a deep impression on many hearers. ‘0 what a wonderful Guru!’ ‘What a marvellous love!’—these and other expres­ sions show how they are impressed by the story. Some of the women pray also to the living God, and when they ex­ perience God’s help they bring me their thanks-offering which I regularly add to our Sunday offering.” In Kanara the Gospel has been preached for many years and the influence of it can be observed through the length and breadth of the district. Many of those who still take part in the worship of idols, do it in the attitude of the man who told Mr. D ü r r at Kasaragod: “If you think that I adore the idol in the temple, you are sadly mistaken. Many may still do this, but while I am standing there my whole mind 69 is concentrated on the highest God. Though there be around me the noise of the idol-worshippers, I keep my thoughts directed on the eternal God, and I am sure that God will accept this my worship of Him, as He knows that it is im­ possible for us, at the present time, to confess our faith public­ ly”. It is just in this southern part of the district that people are most caste-ridden. In Pullur, one of the out-stations of Kasaragod, people are afraid to enter the teacher’s house for fear of losing caste. And that there is no want of en­ deavours to strengthen old superstitions the following incident proves: a young man, of the highest Sudra caste, was drowned on a day of sea-bathing. As the members of the family stood about weeping and lamenting, a Brahman, who sold holy ashes, tried to console them with these words: “Why do you cry? Be of good cheer and make a feast! God has been exceedingly gracious unto you. He has accepted the offering of your son and there can be no doubt that he will be born again as a king’s son.” While hundreds of people seem to have no spiritual inter­ ests at all, so that the only question they ask after listening to our message is: “Does your Jesus procure food for us, if we believe in Him?” others seem to feel sometimes some consciousness of sin, or at least some scruple over special misdeeds, without, however, trying to seek the true way of forgiveness. Mr. K u n d e r s of the same station (Kasaragod), tells the story of a man who some time ago went to Subra- manya, a renowned place of pilgrimage. On his way home he saw a fine bullock standing at the roadside.—This has been given to you by God, — was the thought that rose in his heart, when he saw the animal, and accordingly he took the bullock along with him. After reaching home his con­ science troubled him, so he went from temple to temple and tried to quiet his mind by vows and offerings, the bullock, however, he kept at home and never thought of returning it. At Mangalore, bazar preaching is going on regularly; but the want of a suitable Preaching Hall in the bazar is still keenly felt. At Moolky, our evangelist, Mr. P r e m a y a , in addition to his ordinary evangelistic work, has begun to deliver lectures 70 to the bazar population. This is a work that may also be done during the monsoon, when other lines of work must necessarily be gjven up. All pur brethren along the coast would do well to begin a similar work during the coming monsoon. : In and around Udipi preaching was very materially sup­ ported by Mr. W a g n e r ’s medical activity. Many who had found relief for their bodily ailments felt more inclined to listen to the Gospel which is able to save their souls. In the eastern parts of the district our workers of the Karkala and Puttur stations sow the seed of the Gospel far and near. The Hindu festivals at Dharmastala and Subramanya were attended this year by greater numbers of people than we were accustomed to see on previous occasions, and the preaching of the Gospel was also listened to more attentively than ever. The oral preaching of our brethren has, of course, been supported by the distribution of leaflets and tracts, and though many of these written testimonies may be destroyed, others are read with interest. Mr. R i t t e r - of Puttur relates that during the festival of Dharmastala he saw one evening, on returning from preaching to his quarters, about a dozen of men sitting around another man who read out to them one of the beautiful red coloured leaflets he had received from one of our evangelists. Evangelistic work among the lowest classes is beset with special difficulties. Mass movements towards Christianity are a thing unknown so far in this district. For the present we are trying to do something for these people by estab­ lishing schools for their children. Two schools of this kind were opened last year, one at Karkala and one near Honavar. In Coorg evangelistic work was, to a large extent, ham­ pered by the paucity of workers. Nevertheless, wherever our brethren went, they were gladly received, and it is not an exaggeration to say that a new day seems to be dawning in Coorg. That the Bible is read by more people than we think, is certain. Mr. S c h w e ik h a r t of Mercara reports that on their journey to Bhagamandala they accidentally entered the house of a Gauda, who is reading his Bible daily and also often reads it to the people of his neighbourhood. FORT WITH ENGLISH CHURCH AND M. M.-B. MERCARA (COORO). 71

In this district also the work of Bible-women has been going on steadily. At Mangalore, they have to deplore the loss of the Bible-woman Helena, a comparatively young woman, who had worked intelligently and with real love for her non-Christian sisters. The sale of Scripture portions has not been very large, but, considering the few women able to read, it was satisfactory. It is certainly now better than it was ever before. In Malabar, evangelistic work has been carried on perhaps more vigorously than some time before. Much emphasis was laid on concentrated and systematic work in certain circum­ scribed localities and among people showing special receptivity, without, of course, neglecting preaching at the large Hindu festivals, where thousands of people meet. Most of our brethren engaged in evangelistic work testify to the great willingness of the people to listen to their message. Mr. C h . H e r m o n of Tellicherry writes that wherever he turns to the pages of his diary, he invariably finds a notice that he could speak, in the houses he visited, not only with­ out being disturbed, but rather found encouragement among his hearers to continue speaking. In some non-Christian houses Mr. Hermon conducts evening prayers regularly, and there can be little doubt that the result of such a sustained effort will some day be visible. From the report of the same station we take the following words of an Indian official: He told our evangelists that he had not Encouraging the least doubt as to the final success of our words by a work. This opinion he held, because Christ- high Indian ianity was the religion of the British people, official. and because the British, with their tenacious perseverance, had succeeded in everything they had begun to do, in spite of all the obstacles that came in their way. “This,” he said, “can easily be proved. Take, for instance, the work they have done in the coffee plantations of the Wynaad. How much time did it take before those plantations yielded fruit! How many working people had to be engaged in order to prepare the soil, and how much money had to be spent! But finally the jungle was converted into beautiful gardens, and these yield now a precious harvest. In the same way Christianity has first to prepare the ground 72 in this land, and to remove the obstacles, as for instance, sorcery, astrology, and others. These must be removed just as the jungle weeds and old roots had to be removed, before the new plan­ tations could grow. This preparatory work you have to do now, and if you toil on without becoming disheartened, yon will surely see the time when you can gather the fruit of your labour.” Mr. A. E d a p a l a n of Codacal reports that A courage- one day he and his colleagues had preached ous mother, the Gospel in a Nayer house. When they had finished, the mother of the house stepped forward and asked them to show her their little books. Then she bought four Gospels, gave them to her four sons and said to them: “You had better read and learn the things that are related in these books, and I have no doubt that if you learn the words of these books and try to live according to them, you will become good men.” Mr. Luke Nappalli of Vaniyankulam tells An invitation, of a Nayer in a place some distance from the Mission station. The man said to our brother: “If the missionaries would only make up their minds and come to our place, what a blessing this would be!” When the evangelist asked him what he meant by saying so, he related that in his place the Nambudri Brahmans were so despotic that life had become almost unbearable. “Wher­ ever we go we hear them shouting: ‘Ho, ho’, and we have to hide behind a bush, or leave the road in order to make room for these self-conceited Nambudris. 0 that the mission­ aries would only come to our place! I would myself gladly let you have my compound. There is no other power that can overcome the pride of these people, but your presence.” Though this man had not grasped the full meaning of the liberty Christ has brought to mankind, he yet understood something of it, and his utterances show clearly that a num­ ber of men in this country look to Christianity as the only power that is able to reform Indian society satisfactorily. There is ample proof that the Gospel finds willing ears in many parts of Malabar. Most of our brethren will endorse what Mr. W e s s e l of Manjeri says with regard to his station, namely: “Work among the non-Christian population is hope­ 73 ful. We derived much encouragement from our intercourse with our hearers, and have good grounds to expect visible fruits in ever-increasing numbers.” On the other hand, in some places, a good deal of indifference concerning spiritual things was shown. Our brethren near Cannanore were told: “We have spent a large amount of money for Kannan Guru (a self-made yogi) and have been deceived by him. May God repay him ac­ cording to his deeds! But in regard to the Gospel of Jesus Christ which you preach, we do not want it either. We have given up trusting anybody at all.” Mr. W i e l a n d of Kalhatti (Nilgiris) also complains of the indifference shown by many of his hearers. He tells the story of a poor rich man: “A sad sight met A poor rich our eyes when we reached the place of a man. well-known landholder. When we saw him last, he was well and strong, but now we found him lying behind a tree more dead than alive. He was quite by himself, but he was so weak that he could scarcely utter even a few words. So much, however, we could gather from the trembling lips of the dying man that he thought it necessary to watch his rice field, so that thieves might not steal his crop. We could see that the man was dying and that he would no more have any use for the things he was so anxiously watching. We tried to speak to him about his soul, but he had no ear for our message. The rice he was watching filled his whole mind, the rice for which he had toiled, and of which he never could take even a grain with him. We drew the attention of his neighbours to the condition of the dying man, and asked them to lend him a helping hand. But they also could do nothing for him, and we learned afterwards that he had expired soon after our visit, lying on the threshing floor near his field—watching his rice.” We must pass over other interesting in- Bible- cidents in the reports of our evangelists, women and proceed to the work of Bible-women in in Malabar. Malabar. The experiences of our sisters en­ gaged in this work are similar to those of the male evangelists, namely much willingness among the 10 74 people to listen and to learn, also some amount of indiffer­ ence among others, and a little opposition, here and there, in a small minority of the houses they visit. Want of space forbids us to mention more than a very few of the many in­ teresting incidents contained in the reports about the Bible- women’s work in Malabar. Mrs. R e n s c h l e r in her report about the women’s work in Chombala tells of the blessed memory of a Christian grand­ mother among her Hindu relatives. She writes: “In a house near Mahe we met quite a number of women, who were ex­ ceedingly interested in Bible stories. When we had finished telling them our stories, one of the women asked us whether we were Christians, and on our answering in the affirmative she said: “You see, your Bible stories are quite familiar to me, and this is because my grandmother was also a Christian. Years ago she and a son of hers became converts to your religion; but even after baptism she remained with us, and the missionary often visited her. She was a very pious wo­ man whom we all respected highly. Every morning and evening she used to speak to her God on her knees, and though she did not see Him, she spoke to Him as if she saw Him. She used also to go over to Tellicherry to attend prayers at church, until she was quite old. When she was about to die, we did not notice any fear in her; on the contrary she was looking forward to meeting her God. Just before the end the missionary came, and, according to her wish, gave her some bread and wine, and soon after that she fell asleep to awake no more. How much we also desire to be as she was! We have also learned her prayers and never shall forget what she so often read to us out of her Bible, but it is so hard for us to become Christians and to break with the customs of our caste.” Mrs. S e n g l e of Nettur-Tellicherry relates another encourag­ ing incident. On one of her visits with the Bible-women in one of the houses she exhibited large pictures illustrating the life and death of Jesus. After leaving the house her handy­ man told her that a man had asked him to take her and the Bible-women to his house, so that they might also show the pictures there and deliver their message. Mrs. Sengle and 75 the Bible-women went there, and when they reached the place, they were most cordially welcomed by the women of the house, who, full of joy, reported that they loved the Gospel, and were praying to Jesus as their Lord. Miss E hrensperger of Calicut, with her staff, has carried on systematic work all over the town, and has sown seeds of kindness and Christian love that are certain, after some time, to bear rich fruit. She writes: “The present number of our pupils, that is of women who are regularly visited and systematically taught Bible stories, is now 280, out of whom 48 are also learning to read. Our first pupils who were willing to learn to read have now progressed so far as to be able to read Bible stories intelli­ gently. When I think of the beginning of this kind of work, and how hard it appeared to these women to remember even the simplest story, the joy of hearing the women now reading almost all the New Testament stories and recapitulating them in their own way, thus very often giving evidence of an original and correct understanding of them, is very great. Quite unintentionally and without planning, it c • , . has yet so happened that most of our work is done ocia misery. among the very poor, and I am thankful in having been guided this way. Not that there is anything astonishing in our having found mostly open doors in the houses of the poor. It is, on the contrary, easy to understand that the unpretending services we are able to render our sisters in India is appreciated chiefly by those who, in consequence of all sorts of tribulations, have learned to stretch forth their hand for even the smallest token of love and friendship. I do not mean to say that we have not been granted admission to the houses of the better classes. There are also a few of such houses where we are gladly received and where we were shown much kindness. But among the poor there is such a large number who are in need of our loving comprehension of their condition and of our entering into their difficulties. They are grateful for the mere human compassion stirring our hearts, and woe be unto us if we should be found wanting in this respect. Many of the young girls whom we visit are orphans that have to earn their livelihood, and sometimes not only their own, but even that of some younger sister or brother, or of some invalid relative. The only work they can do, as a rule, is twisting coir into strings, and in doing this they may earn perhaps two annas a day, provided they work in one of the country workshops from 8 in the morning to 6 in the evening. But work in such a workshop is not without its grave moral dangers, and so we meet with many who prefer working at home, though they earn

10* 76 then only half of that sum. It is an unsolvable mathematical problem for us how a daughter and her mother, or a widow with one or two children, can live on such wages, without dying from hunger. In the case of a family where there are father, mother, and children, the father has to provide the rice and the mother is responsible for the other dishes. The wages of the man are often very scanty, and sometimes he has to go without wages at all, so that we find a very great number of houses where they eat only twice, and cook only once, a day. When, in the evening, the father returns home from work, rice is put on the fire to be cooked. And then the little girl is sent to the merchant with the small bundle of coir strings which she or her mother or both together have twisted. She may get half an anna or one anna for the rope they have made, and from this amount the little girl will buy one pie’s worth of oil, to pour into the little lamp which she has brought along with her, and another pie’s worth of chillies. Another pie buys a small bit of a cocoanut, and with the rest she has to bring a little fish or vegetable so that the mother of the house may prepare the pepper sauce neces­ sary for the meal. What is left of the meal is kept for the next morning, when with an addition of water, it is warmed up again for breakfast. The mother sees that the father of the house receives his portion, and that the children do not starve, while she herself has to be satisfied with a very little, and sometimes with nothing at all. One would be surprised if one could see how many women in this country are real heroines of self- denial in bearing their burdens in silence, almost as a matter of course.” We have no doubt that the ministry of friendship that is offered to these poor women, and the Word of God that is sown in their hearts, will prove a source of solace and of blessing to more than one poor soul, and we instinctively feel how much poorer the lives of many a poor woman and girl, yea how much poorer the town of Calicut would be, if women with the sympathies of Miss Ehrensperger did not do the work they are now performing “in silence and almost as a matter of course”. We cannot conclude this very inadequate report of our evangelistic work without saying a word or two about the way Mohammedans accept our message. Work Work among among the Mohammedan population, until Mohammed- now, did not form a special branch of our ans. work. We have no workers set apart for this particular kind of work, but there are a few who have made a special study of the problems connected with work among Mohammedans, and one of our European missionaries, who went home for his first furlough, is spending 77 the greater part of his furlough in Cairo, in order to qualify himself to do more efficient work in this branch of missionary activity. These remarks should, however, not be looked upon as an acknowledgment of our having altogether neglected work among the followers of Islam. The conference at Lucknow in 1911 has certainly stimulated many of our evange­ lists to pay more attention to the Mohammedan population than they did before, and so we read in the reports of several stations about work among the Mohammedans. Mr. G r o s s m a n n of Moolky writes that they have preached the Gospel of Jesus Christ to Mohammedans frequently, and that their experiences were not discouraging at all. He says: “The little book ‘Mohammed or Christ’ by Dr. R o u s e was of great help to us, and for the rest we did our work with Bible and Koran in hand. It is astonishing what beautiful testimonies about Jesus are found in the Koran, if they be read and explained dispassionately, and we could observe more than once, how amazed unprejudiced Mohammedans sometimes were to hear these testimonies of the Koran re­ garding Christ.” From Calicut, on the other hand, we hear that at a certain place in the district a Mohammedan pointed to his knife, and told our evangelists— “With this knife you ought to be killed.” And the evangelist adds that much wisdom and patience is needed in this particular work, and that these people would much rather see us embracing Islam, even under compulsion, than have any of their people going over to Christianity. At Calicut Mohammedan preachers frequently denounce Christ­ ianity in public, and they sometimes instigate their hearers to such a hatred that a little injudiciousness on our part would make them vent their rage on us.

IV. MEDICAL WORK Medical Mission work in Malabar is steadily developing. The help offered to suffering humanity in the different insti­ tutions of the medical branch of our work is being appreciated more and more, so that Dr. S t o k e s of Calicut complains of 78 want of accommodation as well as of a lack of workers. Under these circumstances, the loss we sustained by the death of our sub-assistant surgeon Miss K u n h i l l a has been doubly painful. Shortly after having successfully treated a very difficult case in the house of a Nayer family she fell ill herself and, after a short time, was called home by the Lord, in September of last year. She was a quiet and reserved young woman, who, without much ado, performed her duties most faithfully. People had just begun to value her services and to put their confidence in her, when the Lord took her away. Her death is a hard blow to our work in the Calicut hospital and it will be* very difficult to find a substitute for her. In addition to their ordinary work as medical missionaries Dr. Stokes and Miss S t e p p e r , the nursing sister of Calicut, had many opportunities to be of great service to the members of the missionary staff and to other Europeans. Altogether 88 Europeans were treated and 168 dental operations per­ formed.—We now proceed to give a few details from the report of Dr. Stokes.

CALICUT HOSPITAL In the out-patients department 13,475 persons were treated, the number of consultations being 36,000. There were also 375 in-patients, with 5137 dieted days. This number of patients is the largest since the foundation of the hospital. How great is our joy when we succeed in restoring health, or, at least, in giving relief to those who are seeking our help, and how thankful are we, if the help we render does not stop short at the curing of the body, but also brings relief to the souls of our patients. That many of our patients soon forget what they were told about Christ is nothing extraordinary. That many others, however, keep the Word in their hearts and are, sooner or later, led to Jesus is equally certain and a cause for great en­ couragement. Many of those who found relief in our hospital give expression to their gratitude in the most touching way. A poor Christian widow brought one rupee for the lepers, and, considering her circumstances, I have no doubt that she 79 also gave “all that she possessed, even her whole living” (Mark xii, 43). About ten years ago a man had brought his little son into our hospital. The little boy had been suffering from dropsy very badly, and after careful nursing and medi­ cal treatment, was cured and dismissed. He grew up and the little boy, who was so sick before ten years, is now a healthy and vigorous young man. But he never forgot how God had saved his life, neither did he forget the hospital by whose instrumentality he had been cured. Towards the close of the year he came with his father, in order to express again his gratitude by presenting to the hospital a basketful of eggs.

LEPER ASYLUM AT CHEVAYUR Eighty-four lepers were treated in our asylum last year; 28 patients left the asylum after their condition had improved, and 31 new patients were admitted, seven more than the previous year. The average daily attendance was 48. Among these 84 lepers there were 36 Hindus, 14 Mohammedans, and 34 Christians. We had been looking forward for a long time to the erection of a dispensary. This desire of our heart has been realised during the year under review, and we are grateful to the English lady to whose generosity we owe the little pretty and well-equipped building. By the erection of this dispen­ sary the careful treatment of lepers has been greatly facilitated. The question whether lepers may be entirely cured of their disease is still to be answered in the negative. But we are happy to report that real progress in this direction has been made. The experiment which we were able to carry on during nine months with the Lepra serum “Leprolin” re­ sulted in a substantial improvement of the two patients who submitted to the cure. We had begun the experiment with four patients, two of whom, however, ran away after some time. It is almost impossible to prevent the patients from running away, if they do not see an improvement in their condition after a very short time. Four other patients, who were treated with a vaccine from the Lister Research Institute in London, ran away — all four, before improvement could 80

.have been possible. A third experiment we are carrying on promises to prove more successful. We are trying an oil which a missionary of the Swiss Romande Mission, Mr. D e l o r d , has prepared and, which he used with much success in his treat­ ment of lepers in Africa. The lepers to whom I administered this medicine took it very gladly, and have made visible pro­ gress towards recovery during the four months they took the medicine. VANIYANKULAM HOSPITAL The number of patients has grown very considerably. 3,620 patients were treated in our policlinic. Some of these patients came from distances of more than 20 miles. They do not only find treatment here for their bodily sufferings, but come also in touch wifh the power that is able to save also their souls. Our assistant, Mr. J o s e p h , has gained the confidence of the community, and people, often, call him to their houses. The transfer of the hospital from Vaniyankulam to Ottapalam, a much more populous and important place, could not as yet be accomplished, but it is hoped that in the course of the present year the change will become an accom­ plished fact.

CODACAL HOSPITAL Here the work went on quietly and successfully. The number of patients treated was 4819 many of whom were Christians.

PAYANUR DISPENSARY

In Payanur our assistant, Mr. R o b e r t H e r m o n , has a very beautiful and hopeful sphere of work. As there is no skilled medical assistance to be had round about Payanur, patients come in large numbers and from distant places. Our assist­ ant very successfully performed several operations, and we have no doubt, that if we had a hospital, and not only a dispensary, our work would develop rapidly. There is a small fund for the erection of a hospital now available, but considerably more money is required. We hope that, ere long, the funds necessary for a modest hospital will be secured. 81

While the work of our Medical Mission is steadily growing in Malabar our

HOSPITAL AT BETTIQERI in Southern Mahratta is just now without a duly qualified medical man. Some time after the death of our never-to-be- forgotten Dr. Schneiter the services of Dr. Evans Jones were engaged, and he acted as locum tenens for nine months, when we expected a doctor from home. But our hopes were not fulfilled, and so we shall have to wait a few months longer, ere Dr. V o l a n d who has qualified for medical service by pass­ ing the necessary examinations and by practical work will come out to India as our new medical missionary of Bettigeri. Miss L e m p p , our nursing sister of Bettigeri, who has served her first term of service with great devotion and success, took her well-earned furlough. Her place was taken by Miss Bahlinger. An idea of last year’s work may be gathered from the following figures. In-patients, there were 188, with 2457 dieted days. Among these there were 3 Europeans, 134 Hindus, 23 Mohammedans and 28 Indian Christians. 152 out of this number could be dismissed healed or improved, 28 had to be dismissed as not improved, and 8 patients died. Out-patients, there were 3129; men 1104, women 828, and children 1197. In addition to the work done in the hospital, a number of patients were visited in their houses. Here Miss Lempp’s assistance in a number of maternity cases was «specially sought for and greatly valued.

V. LITERARY W ORK Apart from the great number of smaller tracts and school- books that appeared, either for the first time or were brought out in new editions, several larger books were finished during the year under review. A revised edition of our Malayalam Hymn Book has been issued and a considerably enlarged and improved edition of our Kanarese and Tulu Hymn books has been taken in hand. Mr. P f l e i d e r e r ’s “Glimpses into the Life li 82 of Indian Plants” was brought out in the second edition, and we trust that this useful and attractive book will continue to contribute its share in opening the eyes of Indian students to the beauties of God’s creation. In addition to the work done in issuing our own publica­ tions, two of our missionaries have taken an active part in the revision of the Kanarese Bible, the Rev. H. R is c h having; been appointed Chief Reviser for this important work. The Printing Press is in charge of Mr. Printing B e i e r b a c h who has spared no pains to main- Press. tain its acknowledged efficiency. Accommo­ dation having become insufficient, the work of constructing a new building was taken in hand last August, and we trust that Mr. Beierbach and his staff of compositors and printers will have the pleasure of seeing the new build­ ing under roof before this report leaves their press. A list, of the religious books, tracts, and newspapers which, apart from many schoolbooks, etc., were printed at our press last year will be found at the end of this chapter. The Book and Tract Depository is the The Book editing firm of our own publications. A large and Tract stock of Bibles and religious as well as edu- Depository. cational books from other publishers is also kept for sale. We regret to state that Mr. F. K e u d e l , who served most faithfully for eight years as superin­ tendent of the Book Dépôt, had to leave his post, on account of the failing health of Mrs. Keudel, before a suitable successor was found to take his place. The following is taken from the C. L. S. An evange- Bookman of April, 1913: “The worker who, list in print gives himself to the preparation and publica­ tion of books and tracts has often to be con­ tent to work in patience, knowing that his labour is not in vain, but seeing no present result. It is cheering to have proof of good done. The Rev. H. S p e n c e r , b . a ., of Hassan relates the following incident which illustrates how Christian literature prepares the way for Christian teaching and so* does the work of an evangelist. “The Basel Mission at Mangalore publishes an almanac in 83

Malayalam each year. Away up in the plantations near Hassan, a Hindu who could read bought one of these almanacs from mere curiosity. In addition to the usual information about days and seasons and full moons and new moons and eclipses, this almanac always has at the end a series of articles that are really a series of Christian tracts. This man read these. And they awoke within him a thirst for more know­ ledge of the ‘True Way’ described in them. These tracts spoke of the New Testament and told where to get it and this man accordingly sent to Mangalore for a New Testament. As always when read by a willing mind the New Testament taught its message of hope, and then this man became a Christian in heart. Inquiring about these things he heard of the mission­ ary and came to Mr. Spencer so that he might be openly re­ ceived into the Christian Church.” We have only to add to this that, as this Malayalam almanac is published at a pecuniary loss, we have more than once asked ourselves whether its publication should not be given up. We thank the Rev. H. S p e n c e r and the editor of the C. L. S . Indian Bookman for having helped us to decide the question, and we pray that here and there, unknown to us, but known to the Lord, others may be led from darkness to light, by means of our evangelists in print.

LIST OF BOOKS AND TRACTS

printed from the 1st November 1911 to 31si October 1912.

D escrip tio n o f B ook s Size Hjt Copies Ph

I. Kanarese.

a) Tracts and Bible portions.

1 On D e m o n s ...... n . Dy. 12° 128 2000 2 Counsels to the Young . . . . h i . „ 12° 24 2000 3 Tell the T r u th ...... m . „ 16° 24 3000 4 A Wonderful Trial in. „ 16° 16 3000 5 Twelve Letters . . . . . VIII. „ 16° 86 2000 6 The Universe...... m . „ 16° 64 2000 11 * 84

C Description of Books Size ts. Copies P-i Edition

7 How Joseph, the Shepherd Boy, became a Prime Minister...... IV. Dy. 16° 48 2000 8 The Story of Four Princes .... III. „ 16° 48 2000 9 The Life of Christ ...... I. Cr. 8° 256 ~ 1000 10 Lingaitism examined ...... VI. Dy. 16° 48 3000 11 The Teacliings of the Gospel in Sanskrit v e r s e s ...... „ 12° 24 2000 12 A Brief Account of the Life of Jesus C h r is t...... II. „ 12° 70 2000 13 First Catechism ...... V. „ 12° 24 1500 14 Life and Letters of Rev. Anthravady. I. » 1 2 1 66 2000 15 Arya-Sanmj...... I. „ 1 2 “ 60 2000 16 Nine Parables...... * III. „ 16° 16 3000 17 Blessed are the Peacemakers III. „ 16° 44 2000 18 The Gospel according to St. Luke VII. „ 16° 166 30000

b) Miscellaneous.

19 Satyadipike pro 1911/12, a weekly paper, P ■^1 00 vol. X V I ...... - tA 624 850

20 Almanac pro 1 9 1 3 ...... 64 3300 21 Yaidika Mitra pro 1912. vol. I ll 8° 128 175 22 Agricultural Calendar pro 1912/13 . H. „ 8 “ 04 500

II. Malayalam.

a) Tracis and Bible portions.

23 Christ’s Church on E arth...... I. Dy. 8° 40 300 24 Prayer in Isla m ...... 1. 8° 68 300 25 The Story of Ruth (in native metre) . IV. „ 32° 16 5000 26 On Transmigration . .... III. „ 12° 40 2000 27 The Fruit of bad Company .... IV. „ 16° 16 3000 28 Thou shall not stea l ...... V. „ 16° 14 3000 29 Life of the Rev. Jacob Ramavarma . , III. „ 1 6 5 28 2000 30 From Tabor to G olgatha...... I. Cr. 8° 286 800 31 Two Converts from Islam ...... m . Dy. 16° 16 3000 32 The Two Friends...... IV. „ 16° 16 3000 33 The Lost P urse ...... il. „ 16° 20 2000 34 The Sufferings of Christ (in Hindu metre) ii. „ 16° 74 2000 35 Malayalam Hymn B ook ...... VIII. „ 12° 458 6000 85

Description o f B ook s Size 5r Copies Edition

36 The Sure W a y ...... IV. Dy. 16° 20 3000 37 The Incarnation of Christ...... VI. „ 1 6 J 16 3000 38 Glad Tidings ...... HI. „ 16° 28 3000 39 The Art of Dying happy ...... VI. „ 16° 24 3000 40 The Go6pel according to St. Mark, rev. version...... S. Roy. 32 92 30000 41 The Gospel according to St. Luke, rev. „ 32° 160 20000 42 version ...... 43The Proverbs, revised version 1. Dy. 16° 88 10000 44 Jonah ...... „ 32° 14 10000

b) Miscellaneous.

45 Keralopakari, a Mai. bi-weekly Magazine, vol. X X X V III ...... Dy. 8° 384 413 46 Balamitram, a Mai. monthly paper, vol. VI 48 550 47 Guide to Workers among Children, vol. V 8° 250 48 Young Men of Malabar, vol. I » 8 ° 49 A Family Guide to Biochemistry . . I. Cr. 8° 186 1500 50 Malayalam Almanac pro 1913 Dy. 8 D 64 2300

III. Tula.

51 Second Catechism (for confirmation) . VI. Dy. 12 3 30 1500 52 The Book of D aniel ...... I. Cr. 8° 38 1000

IV. Anglo-Vernacular.

53 350 Kanarese Proverbs and their corres­ ponding English Proverbs .... II. Dy. 16° 40 1000 54 Malayalam and English Vocabulary . III. Cr. 8° 96 3000 55 English Self-Guide in Kanarese . II. „ 8° 266 3000 56 The B. G. M. College Magazine, vol. II . Dy. 8° 126 375

V. English.

57 Glimpses into the Life of Indian Plants II. Dy. 8° 282 2500 58 Basel Mission in South-western India, 72nd R ep o rt...... 8° 104 1300 86

VI. INDUSTRIAL WORK No report of the Basel Mission however incomplete in itself can be issued without at least mentioning something of the industrial work which is being done, in connection with our Mission. Those of our brethren of other Missions who are interested in the ever-new problem of industrial Mission work and would like to know what our views on the matter are, after more than half a century’s experience, we would refer to the lucid and well-balanced statement about this part of our work that appeafed, at the beginning of this year, in No. 5 (Volume II) of the International Review of Missions. In that statement the character and scope, the organisation, the principles and aims, and finally the results of this work have been set forth in an unprejudiced and straightforward manner, and we are sure that the article in question will be helpful to all those who are thinking about starting industries in connection with their Mission work. We may also mention, in this connection, that Mr. H . H o f m a n n , the present general agent of the Basel Mission Industries in India, has written a small history of these industries for private circulation, and we have no doubt that Mr. Hofmann* will gladly send his little booklet to brother missionaries who are interested in this particular line of work. Want of space prevents us from giving a detailed account of the work done in our industrial establishments, during the past year. For an exact list of the establishments with the number of working people the kind reader is referred to the tabulated list of the different establishments on page 20 of this report. Our Tile Works in Kanara and Malabar have had a pros­ perous year. The demand for tiles has been so great that it was almost impossible to execute all the orders. In one of our tile works in Kanara last year, 2800 rupees more were paid in wages than in the previous year to about the same number of workers. It would be very gratifying to us, if we could think that these increased wages remained in possession of our people, but we observe with regret that food-stuffs, firewood, clothes, and other necessaries of life are also rising in price, BASEL MISSION MECHANICAL ESTABLISHMENT, MANGALORE 87 so that our people are not much better off than before. Still we are glad to see that compared with many others around them our working people are free from the grinding poverty which oppresses so many in this country. The Mechanical. Establishment in Mangalore is continuing to train young men in different branches of iron and wood work. Mr. B r â c k l e and his men have had their hands full of work, and in addition to the many orders that had to be executed the Mechanical Establishment itself had tg be.rebuilt and is now a place worthy of the work that is turned out in it. The iron safes made in this establishment are second to none on the market, and it is gratifying to be able to say ihat after a minute examination of these safes and the material of which they are made, the Government of Madras has lately declared the Basel Mission Mechanical Establishment eligible for supplying safes to Government institutions. The Weaving Establishments in Calicut, Cannanore, and Mangalore, with their branch establishments, had more orders than the year before, so that almost all the employees could be given work all the year round. At the same time the competition of European firms and Indian manufacturers is still keenly felt, so that it was thought advisable to introduce power-looms, in at least one of the weaving establishments. The introduction of these power-looms will necessarily bring about considerable changes in the different establishments, and not a few view this step with some concern. But we trust that the Lord, in whose name these industries have been started, will lead us and our brethren who are im­ mediately concerned in the matter, in the right path, and also help us, in future, to look to Him for guidance, so that this branch of our work may be carried on to His glory, and the benefit of those, for whose sake we have come into this country. The Tailoring and Embroidery Departments in connection with the weaving establishments continued to do good work. In both these departments young men and women are taught a useful trade which they may carry on afterwards, more or less, independently. Miss J. M a j e r , who is in charge of the Embroidery Department at Calicut, last year, formed a class 88

of future teachers of needle-craft. The young women who enter this class learn all the different branches of needle-work that are taught at Calicut. They are also trained so as to be able to fill positions as teachers of needle-craft, whenever such pbsitions shall be available.

CONCLUSION Though conscious of the many imperfections of the pre­ sent report, we may yet say that we have tried to give a faith­ ful and impartial picture of our work among non-Christians, and also of the state and progress of our Churches. We thank the Lord for the blessing He has bestowed on the work of our hands and ask His pardon for all our sins and short­ comings. We pray also that we may remain faithful to Him who has called us, and to the charge given to us. We also thank all of our friends and fellow-workers for their prayers and work, their gifts and help, and pray for their support in future. Remembering that the night will come for each one of us, when no man can work, let us all be zealous in the work of the Lord, while it is yet day.' And may the Lord Himself soon bring about the time when “the Kingdoms of this world are become the Kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ; and He shall reign for ever and ever” (Rev. xi, 15). Subscriptions and Donations towards the Mission Fund Received during the year 1912

RST All sums received on or after the 1st January 1913 will be acknow­ ledged in the Report of 1913.

MANGALORE Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. F. W. Gerrard, Esq. 10 0 0 H. E. Malim, Esq. 50 0 0 I. W. Finlayson, Esq. :> 0 0 H. Cockerton, Esq. 5 0 0 Through Messrs. Warden & Co., W. Egerton, Esq. 5 0 0 Bombay. W. B. Green, Esq. 5 0 0 Mrs. M. G. Rue 2 0 0 U. R. 5 0 0 M. C. 7 1 0 His Excellency Sir George Clark, the Governor of Bombay 10 0 0 MERCARA A. L. Davies, Esq. 5 0 0 R. W. H. 5 0 0 G. Haller, Esq. 15 0 0 E. P. 5 0 0 Mrs. Shaw 10 0 0 A. 0. B. 2000 HONAVAR G. & Co., Ltd. 5 0 0 R. U. 5 0 0 G. Monteath, Esq. 20 0 0 S. 5 0 0 P. X. M. 5 0 0 DHARWAR H. R. Dunk, Esq. 5 0 0 Mrs. Gabriel 1 0 0 H . T. B. 5 0 0 E. A. Allum, Esq. 5 0 0 BIJAPUR Messrs. Warden & Co. 25 0 0 a) For General Mission Fund. BASRUR H. Starte, Esq., I. C. S. 20 0 0 E. T. Green, Esq., D. Supt. Rev. P. Beck 3 0 0 of Police 10 0 0 Mr. Doddappa Bhimanagauda 5 0 0 ANANDAPUll Towards Orphanages. b) Fo) Hospital Mission work. Mrs. Payne 30 0 F. Boyd, Esq., I. C. S. 10 0 0 Dr. R. F. H iley 15 0 11. Williams, Esq., Ex. Engineer 10 0 0 Percy Tipping, Esq. 12 0 Captain Irani, I. M. S. 5 0 0 H. G. Grant, Esq. 12 0 H. S. Crossly, Esq., Engineer 10 0 0 John Logan, Esq. 12 0 B. Dubois, Esq., Dy. Police Supt. 5 0 0 A. H. Jackson, Esq. 12 0 G. G. Desai, Esq., Dy. Collector 2 0 0 E. M. Mohon, Esq. 10 0 S. P. Limave, Esq. 1 0 0 12 90

Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. c) For Schools. Miss A. E. Williams 8 0 0 C. B. Burclay, Sg. 7 0 0 I.K. N. Kabrachi, Esq., Collector 10 0 0 E. W. Legh, Esq. 6 0 0 A. Dalai, Esq., I. S. C. 7 0 0 Mrs. M. Copcutt 6 0 0 K. Dawling, Esq., Sub-Eng. 4 0 0 Miss Knop 6 0 0 G. A. Hiranath, Esq., Dy. Coll. 5 0 0 Mrs. M. E. Prince 6 0 0 Air. Chanamallappa Roni 5 0 0 „ J. Holton 6 0 0 Two friends 20 0 0 Col. M. Young 0 0 d) For the Church. Lady Benson 0 0 Mrs. J. Stewart 8 0 H . Starte, Esq., I. C. S. 30 0 0 A. S. Cowdell, Esq. 0 0 E. F. Green, Esq., Dist. Supt. Col. A. F. Pinbey 0 0 of Police 20 0 0 Rev. AV. R. Ramsham 0 0 Mi'S. Schnei ter 7 0 0 Miss A. E. Daniels 0 0 ,, C. F. Ling 0 0 e) For Chrislmus to Schools. ,, A. P. Amear 0 0 E. F. Green, Esq., Dist. Supt. F- J. Stanes, Esq. 0 0 of Police 60 0 0 Hon’ble. P. S. Shivaswami Aiyar 5 0 0 Do. for a destitute boy 30 0 0 AV. M. Theobald, Esq. 4 0 0 Miss E. C. Beauchamp 3 0 0 R. C. C. Carr, Esq. 3 0 0 CALICUT Airs. ('. E. Smitt 3 0 0 S. Christi, Esq. 5 0 0 ,, J. Ryan 3 8 0 R. Conrad, Esq. 3 0 0 Miss Butters 3 0 0 G. Henke, Esq. 3 0 0 Col. Campbell 3 0 0 R. A. Barrows, Esq. 2 0 0 Capt. E. Lynn 3 0 0 W . E. Hoare, Esq. 15 0 0 A. E. Richter 3 0 0 Mrs. A. Peronis 9 14 0 All's. A. Husst 9 12 0 MANJERI Capt. F. F. Tyrell 2 0 0 Capt. Bracken, Malapuram 5 0 0 Mrs. Jopel 2 0 0 Mr. Im. Davenport, ,, 4 0 0 Dr. M. AVatts 2 0 0 „ Spencer Huffton „ 1 0 0 Capt. P. M. Phillips 2 0 0 F. R. Rowlandson, Esq. 2 0 0 Bob Curtis 1 0 0 PALGHAT Capt. O’Brien 1 0 0 Mrs. Dupin 15 0 0 G. J. S. 1 0 0 A. Barely Barrat, Esq. 1 0 0 Airs. Dubosh 0 0 BAITY (OOTACAA1UND) 1 H. Wallace, Esq. 1 0 0 Miss H. M. AIcDonald 16 0 0 Driver F. AI. 1 0 0 The Hon. Sir Murray Hammick 15 0 0 E. J. Lucy 1 0 0 Col. Stevenson 12 0 0 Aliss AI. Daniel 0 12 0 Miss Gell 12 0 0 J. A. Vaughan 0 12 0 Mrs. A. B. Elwes 12 0 0 Aire. K. Harrison 0 8 0 Dr. C. AI. Harmann 12 0 0 W. AV. Thomson, Esq. 0 8 0 Rev. J. H. Bishop 12 0 0 A. J. W. 0 8 0 G. Classen, Esq. 12 0 0 Airs. A. Tuttor 0 8 0 Miss L. Bosinger 11 0 0 „ A. Bosingcr 0 4 0 Mrs. A. Schnarre 11 0 0 A friend 0 Rev. F. B. Tinling 11 0 0 A friend 0 H. H. Maharaja of Mysore 10 0 0 J. Sebastian 0 0 Capt. AV. B. Bomermann 10 0 0 G. R." James 0 0 91

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. COONOOR W. Deane, Esq. 12 0 0 Miss Norfor 2 0 0 Bcntrope Estate 60 0 0 «Bethania » 3 0 0 Robert Stanes, Esq. 30 0 0 A friend 1 0 0 Oak Cottage 5 0 0 HULIKAL E. H. 1 0 0 J. Brown, Esq. 5 0 0 A friend 1 0 0 Glendale 5 0 0 J. M. 1 0 0 L. L. Porter, Esq. f) 0 0 Christiansborg 5 0 0 Mrs. Hagues 5 0 0 A. T. 1 0 0 Mrs. Balle 3 0 0 K. Heighe 2 0 0 A. Davidson, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. A. Moore 1 0 0 Phil. Beaver, Esq. 1 0 0 Mr. Cherry 1 0 0 F. Brown, Esq. 1 0 0 H. B. 1 0 0 J. AY. Tremder, Esq. 1 0 0 W. AYeboring 5 0 0 Mrs. Windle 1 0 0 A. A. W. 1 0 0 KALHATTI A friend 1 0 0 John Liebenrood, Esq., towards A. Paulsen 2 0 0 the salary of Cat. I. Hans 148 3 1 S. H. Lew ring 2 0 0 J. J. McKenzie, Esq. 6 0 0 Mrs. Wright r> 0 0 H. M. Hardy, Esq. 6 0 0 A. G. Lamb 0 8 0 C. B. Barelay, Esq. 2 0 0 AY. E. Womiold 1 0 0 Mrs. AY. Brock 0 8 0 T. Clark, Esq. 5 0 KOTAGIRI 0 J. D. J. 2 0 0 Frank AY. Groves, Esq. 100 0 0 Thank-offering 0 8 0 Union Hall, through Airs. Griffin 3 0 0 Miss O’hara 30 0 0 AY. A. Cherry, Esq. 10 0 0 Mrs. E. M. Cockbum 38 8 0 Airs. J. Papmorth 1 0 0 Miss M. B. L. Cockbum 20 0 0 F. Mavoribanks 2 0 0 ,, D. Cockbum, Esq. 20 0 0 Miss IL Malthe 2 0 0 Ladies’ Work Meeting, through H. Price 2 0 0 Mrs. Groves 136 ') 8 Mrs. T. Johnston 2 0 0

Donations from members of the congregation and other Indian friends.

Rs. As. p. Ite. As. P. MANGALORE MOOLKY Mr. P. Amone 10 0 0 W. J. 1 0 0 Messrs. L. Joshua & Sons 60 0 0 T. at M. 0 4 0 Mr. E. Pearl 9 0 0 T. K. 0 8 0 „ Ranga Rao 1 0 0 T. P. 0 8 0 The Hon. Mr. Subba Rao 1 0 0 P. S. 1 0 0 Mr. Shiva Rao 0 8 0 Weavers’ Box 0 12 0 „ P. Andrews 0 8 0 Orphanage „ 2 0 0 „ George Herbert 1 0 0 Divers donations 4 0 0 92

Rs. As.P. Rs.As. P. UDIPI For Chapel-fund : Mr. G. Roberts 5 0 0 „ Poor-fund : „ „ 8 0 0 Amruta Heri 1 8 0 „ Moolky Oiph. „ „ 5 0 0 Joseph Vedamuthu 2 0 0 „ Udipi „ „ „ 10 0 0 Luther 1 o o „ Chombala „ „ „ 15 0 0 Assaph 1 0 0 Raphael Satyavrata 1 0 0 MERCARA Rev. Gabriel Bangera 2 0 0 N. N. 0 8 0 S. Rama Rao, Esq. 2 0 0 Lemuel Devadatta 1 0 0 K. Appia, Esq. 2 0 0 William Heri 1 0 0 K. Coodiah 2 0 0 Mose Vedamuthu 1 0 0 Joseph Sunita 1 0 0 A. Madiah 2 0 0 Miss Rahel Bangera 2 0 0 Mrs. E. Bangera 5 0 0 KARKALA N. N. l 0 0 Divers donations 5 6 0 A friend 2 0 0 From school children 1 0 0 BASRUR ANANDAPUR W. Fernandez 1 0 0 Samuel Suchitta 1 0 0 Mr. Ch. Soans (Orphanage) 2 0 0 Abr. Salins 0 8 0 ,, Jeremiah David, for Mission 1 0 0 Sam. Phillip 0 8 0 „ Francis Mathias 1 0 0 ,, Immanuel John 1 0 0 KASARAGOD ,, Chinnappa Soans 1 0 0 „ Zadock Keerus 1 0 0 Dewan Bahadur A. Venkat- ramana Poi 6 0 0 DHARWAR Miss. Chinnava Anchan 1 0 0 Ravaneshwara 0 2 0 Mr. Basapaya7 0 0 Mr. John Mulyil 1 0 0 „ Dasappa 10 0 0 Rev. and Mrs. I. Soens 5 0 0 „ Bhayappa 1 0 0 Mr. Samuel Kaunds 0 8 0 „ S. Mallappa 3 0 0 HUBLI „ H. Suchitta 1 0 0 R. Mumal 500 „ Jesudasa Aarons 1 0 0 Ev. Ch. Halli 8 0 0 Rev. I. Soans 1 0 0 Mr. H . Soans 0 8 0 BETTIGERI „ B. Salins 0 8 0 „ L. Fernandez 0 8 0Rev. A. Rona 1 0 0 „ A. Karat 1 0 0 Mr. C. Uttangi .1 0 0 „ I. Bangera 1 0 0 ,, A. Medagoppa 1 0 0 „ D. Gangera 1 0 0 „ S. Kodekallu 1 0 0 ,, A. Fernandez 1 0 0 ,, S. Nirmanika 1 0 0 „ Bh. Soane 1 0 0 ,, M. Antina 1 0 0 ,, D. Suchitta 0 10 -0 Mrs. T. Bellada 1 0 0 „ K. Annappaya 0 8 0 Mr. C. Chakanna 1 0 0 „ M. Subba Rao 0 4 0 „ S. Mandali 1 0 0 „ Pr. Soans 0 8 0 „ B. Hattikal 1 0 0 ,, Im. Jathanna 0 4 0 „ R. Kabadi Î 0 0 - „ Bhavani Rao 0 4 0 „ B. Kabadi 1 0 0 ,, Keshava Shanbog 0 4- 0 „ R. Rannigol 1 0 0 . Mel. Ammanna 0 2 0 „ A. Kandi-agy 1 0 0 93

Rs. As. p. Rs. As P. Mr. E. Kabadi 1 0 0 E. A. 2 0 0 „ T. Vastrada 0 8 0 Carl Kandigil 0 8 0 „ S. Andli 1 0 0 X. X. 0 8 0 „ S. Havaln 2 0 0 X. X. a silver ring 1 0 0 Weavers’ Mission Box r> 4 0 GULEDGUDD Irn. Adina 0 8 0 ('I IOMB ALA Shrim. Kenchanagauda 0 8 0 Mr. Theophil Koodaka] 2 0 0 X. Medagoppa 0 8 0 Nidhan Ramthal 2 0 0 CALICUT S. Gandar 0 8 0 Dev. Kanapur 2 0 0 Mr. M. Jacobi 2 0 0 M. Banna 1 0 0 „ T. Thaddeaus 2 0 0 Im. Cliittur 1 0 0 „ Thomas 2 0 0 Honocli Eden 1 0 0 „ D. Francis 2 0 0 T. Koneri, thank-offering 2 0 0 ,, K. Abraham 1 0 0 ,, „ donation 0 8 o „ B. Pngyagil 1 0 0 M. Kushala 1 0 0 „ T. Peiyan 1 0 0 M. Kabalageri 0 8 0 „ J. Mackadan 1 0 0 Subb. Nadukathina 1 0 0 „ T. D. Miles 1 0 0 Christ. Katavoti 1 0 0 „ J. X. B. 1 0 0 Abrah. Jogula 1 0 0 „ P. Chandran 1 0 0 Martha Bankapur 1 0 0 ,, P. Thomas 1 0 0 Ananda Banna 2 0 0 ,, X. Hennon 1 0 0 Rev. Devadaria Katapur 10 0 0 ,, D. V. Daniel 1 0 0 Divers donations 2 10 9 ,, S. Martin 0 8 0 „ Y. Joshua 0 8 0 BIJAPUR „ K. Abel 0 8 0 „ B. Ponon 0 4 0 Divers donations 11 0 0 ,, T. Upot 0 4 0 „ „ Med. Mission 3 0 0 Manorama Puttenpurail 0 8 0 „ for schools 30 0 0 Sulojana „ 0 8 0 CANNAXORE CODACAL Mr. Govindan, retired Mag. 2 0 0 Mr. Theod. Kallian If) 0 0 „ Hennon (maistry) 2 0 0 X. X. .1 1 0 „ Steph. Pudusheri 2 0 0 Rev. S. Ambatt :> 0 0 „ A utr. Kumaran 3 0 0 Mr. Jones Muthingal .■) 0 0 „ X. X. 5 0 0 X. X. 3 5 0 „ Daniel Padiangadan 5 0 0 Orphanage boys (1 goat ) 1 0 „ Mathai Cheeran 4 0 0 2 6 0 The Weavers’ Mission Box 31 2 4 >, * I n Y. M. C. A. 1 4 11 X. X. 1 0 0 TELLICHERRY (NETTDB.) Mr. Jacob Boas 1 0 0 Various offerings 2 9 3 One orphanage bov 0 15 0 Mr. James Titus 5 2 0 X. X. 0 8 0 Students’ Prayer Union 9 7 3 X. X. 0 6 0 Benjamin Manoli 7 10 3 Stephen Ponani 0 8 0 John Madathil 1 0 0 Devapavan 0 4 0 Janeike Punttalat • 0 8 0 N. N. 0 4 0 Cat. Lazar Kallat 2 0 0 X. N. 0 2 0 George Madathil 5 0 0 N. N. 0 2 0 94

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. M. Kalla 0 8 VANIYANKtTLAM Jogi Maistry 0 8 Divers donations 7 0 0 Belli „ 0 8 Chakoli „ 0 8 K. Pada „ o 8 PALGHAT K. M.’Mada Maistry 0 8 Divers donations 3 0 0 Bella 0 8 Bella 0 8 KAITY Kalla 0 8 Mada Maistry 0 .8 Moses Kari 1 0' 0 Kumaraswami 0 4 Jabagnamm 1 0 0 Kalla 0 4 Immanuel Kalla 1 0 0 Mani Mada 0 4 Titus Aaron 1 0 0 Nandi 0 4 Jacob Kanaka 1 0 0 Mado, Keti 0 4 H. Philip 1 0 0 Mada Maistry 0 4 Satyanadhan 1 0 0 Sait 0 4 Christian Paul 1 0 0 Jogi Gowdan 0 4 Y. Ross Paul 0 8 0 N. Mahalinga Math 0 4 A. Daniel 0 8 0 Noha Kollan 0 4 Samuel Tela 0 8 0 Konga Gowdan 0 4 Abraham Madia 0 8 0 M. H. Magan Andi 0 4 Benjamin Betta 0 8 0 B. Jogi 0 4 Gnana Gowri 0 8 0 M. Jogi 0 4 George Halli 0 8 0 S. Vedamuthu 0 4 Mose Bommanna 0 8 0 Belli Mada 0 2 Komad Gideon 0 8 0 J. K. Rangan 0 2 Arthur 0 8 0 Kurjee Nanjan 0 2 Gottlob 0 8 0 Kallai Jogi 0 2 I. M. Salathiel 0 8 0 H. M. Muka Maden 0 2 Methusalah 0 4 0 M. K. Belli Gowdan 0 2 Rebecca 0 4 0 Mr. Philip 0 4 0 I. J. Mully 0 4 0 KALHATTI S. Gnanasigamani 0 2 0 Isaac Bella 3 0 S. Y. William 0 2 0 Yesaya Kanaka 3 0 Jogi Maistry (Kowatti) 10 4 0 Isaac Hans 2 0 K. Konga 3 0 0 J. Joseph 1 0 K. Naidu 2 0 0 Isaac Nare 1 0 M. Mada Maistry 2 0 0 Victor Carb 1 0 N. Hamas-wami Naidu 1 0 0 Anselm Hans 1 0 I. D. Konga 1 0 0 Huttan 1 0 B. Kongan 1 0 0 Devaputran 0 8 H. J. Belli Gowdan 1 0 0 K. Nathanael 0 8 S. Kari Gowdan 1 0 0 Krishna 0 8 M. K. Belli Gowdan 1 0 0 Mullan 0 4 Nanjan 1 0 0 M. A. Gowdan 1 0 0 KOTAGIRI Malli Maistry 1 0 0 Jogi Maistry 1 0 0 V. Gnanapragasam 2 0 C. Kusugalli Maistry 0 8 0 Daniel Bella 2 0 B. A. Maduranga Rau 0 8 -0 Y . M. C. A. 2 0 M. N . Jogi Maistry 0 8 0 Miss K. Salome Esther 1 5 95

Rs. As. P. 1 IN As P Kanna Maistry 0 4 0 Master Wilson 1 0 0 Bella Maistry 0 4 0 Kanthaswamv 1 0 0 Csilwin Mully 1 0 0 K. Adja 1 0 0 Pakyanadhan Curzon 1 0 0 j A. E. Paul 0 8 0

E. & 0 . E.

TeUicherry, 31st December 1912. 3C. Díühner, Treasurer.

Subscriptions and Donations for the Mission Hospital, Calicut.

Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. G. Ferguson, Esq. 36 0 0 F. Campbell, Esq. 8 0 0 J. Christie, Esq. 36 0 0 R. M. 8 0 0 C. A. Innes, Esq. 36 0 0 H. Hadow, Esq. 16 0 0 W. Bruce, Esq. 36 0 0 Woosnam, Esq. 14 0 0 H . Lockie, Esq. 32 0 0 W. E. Hoare, Esq. 12 0 0 K. Langley, Esq. 14 0 0 H. Hofmann, Esq. 20 0 0 W. Campbell, Esq. 20 0 0 K. Krishnan, Esq. 14 0 0 A. Grosholz, Esq. 24 0 0 Beadnell, Esq. 12 0 0 E. Hodgson, Esq. 18 0 0 Rev. Hermon, collection for W. Wright, Esq. 24 0 0 Payanur Dispensary 20 0 0 A. Edgington, Esq. 45 0 0 Miss Major 5 0 0 R. R. 8 0 0 A grateful patient 5 0 0 A. Stranack, Esq. 18 0 0 ,, ,, 1 0 0 Rev. Jones 12 0 0 N. N. 10 0 0 M. O’Connell, Esq. 24 0 0 Miss Metzger 10 0 0 Rao Bahadur G. T. Yerghese 18 0 0 Smaller donations 20 0 0 W. B. Wilson, Esq. 20 0 0

Calicut, 8th April 1913. tW. Stokes. INDEX

Pages. Tables of Workers, Stations, Churches, Schools, Financial contributions, etc...... 3—20 Introduction and O bituary ...... 21—25 Workers on the F i e l d ...... 25—26 I. The Indian C hurch ...... 26—53 1. New Converts ...... 26—31 2. Growth of the Church: Increase and decrease, Emigration, Pecuniary contributions, Self-govern­ ment, Question of our joining the South Indian United Church, Religious and moral life with obitu­ ary notice of two Indian ministers, Social condition , of the C hurch ...... 31—46 3. Educational Institutions of the Church: Parochial schools and orphanages...... 47—53 II. Educational Work of the Mission .... 53—61 1. Primary and Secondary Schools ...... 53—58 2. Special Education of Christians ...... 58—61 3. Nurseries and Sunday School work .... 61 III. Evangelistic W o rk ...... 62—77 Staff of Workers and Delimitation of Territory in North K anara...... 62—64 Work in Southern M ahratta ...... 64—68 „ in Kanara and Coorg ...... 68—71 ,, in Malabar and N ilgiris . . . . 71— 76 „ among Mohammedans...... 76—77 IV- Medical Work...... 77—81 V. Literary W o rk ...... 81—85 VI. Industrial W o rk ...... 86—88 Conclusion...... 88 Subscriptions and D onations ...... 89—95