THE AMERICAN 20c • JULY 1 963 ECilOIV MAGAZINE

SEE PAGE 16 SEE PAGE 12 SEE PAGE 18 The Great How to catch KOREA 1NFMIEN1JI THE PLAGUE BIG fish "FORGOTTEN WAR" SEE PAGE 22 FLORIDA'S VOLUNTEER July 4th —Independence Day

THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

3rd grade, and Barbara Penner, 5th grade, Students in Philadelphia's Masterman School study a six-foot-high gionnaires. Wade Bishop, the 187th anniversary of the framed copy of the Declaration of Independence, which is one of are the youngsters reading the text as approaches. Photo by Angela Calomiris. 500 given to schools and other public edifices by Pennsylvania Le- Declaration, this July 4, The American

July 1963

Volume 75, Number 1

POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1055, N Indianapolis 6. Ind.

The American Legion Magazine is Magazine published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky., by The American Legion. Copyright 1963 Contents for July 1963 by The American Legion. Second- class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Nonmember JULY 4 - INDEPENDENCE DAY OPPOSITE subscriptions should be sent to the Circulation Department of The BY ANGELA CALOMIRIS American Legion Magazine, P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis 6, Ind. A four-color July 4th feature. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: WHAT WE MUST DO 10 Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box BY NATIONAL COMMANDER JAMES E. POWERS 1055, Indianapolis 6, Ind., using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old Reforms in veterans laws, like all other address label and give old and new addresses and current membership legislation, require a lot of spadework card number. Also be sure to notify by a lot of people. your Post Adjutant.

THEY DEPEND ON YOU 11 The American Legion Executive and A PHOTO FEATURE Administrative Offices Could you drink a glass of milk without Indianapolis 6, Indiana James E. Powers, National Com- the use of your hands? mander. The American Legion, In- dianapolis 6, Ind. KOREA - AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN WAR 12 BY EDWARD The American Legion Publications HYMOFF Commission: A tribute to the men who fought in Korea, Edward McSweeney, Armonk, N.Y. (Chairman); Dr. Charles R. on the 10th Anniversary of the cease-fire, Logan, Keokuk, Iowa (Vice Chair- with a message from General MacArthur. man); Lang Armstrong. Spokane. Wash.: Charles E. Booth, Hunting- THE GREAT PLAGUE OF 1918 ton, W. Va.; John Cicero. Swoyer- 16 ville. Pa.: Roland Cocreham, Baton BY CLARENCE WOODBURY Rouge. La.; E. J. Cooper, Holly- wood. Fla.; Clovis Copeland. Mor- The Spanish influenza epidemic in the last rilton. Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- days ranks inglon. Pa.; Dan W. Emmett, Oak- of WWI with the great dale. Calif.; Raymond Fields, Guy- plagues of antiquity. mon, Okla.; Chris Hernandez, Sa- vannah, Ga.: Herschicl L. Hunt. El TO CATCH BIG FISH Campo, Tex.; George D. Levy, HOW 18 Sumter. S.C.: Frank C. Love, Syra- BY VLAD EVANOFF cuse, N.Y. ; Earl L. Meyer, Alliance, Nebr.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, So many of the really big fish are Miss.; Robert Mitchler, Oswego, III.; Harold A. Shindlcr, Lafayette, caught by the same that it people Ind.; William F. Taylor, Greens- can't all be luck. What do they know? burg, Ky.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, OUR CHANGING JOB PROBLEMS 20 Dadeville, Ala.

BY ALAN E. ADAMS The American Legion Magazine How the record of the U.S. Labor Department Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue mirrors the problems of breadwinners. New York 19, New York Publisher, James F. O'Neil FLORIDA LEGIONNAIRES SERVE WITH TROOPERS 22 Editor BY JOSEPH J. STEINMETZ and R. B. PITKIN Robert B. Pitkin Four photo pages of the Florida Legion's Art Editor Al Marshall volunteer arm of the State Highway Patrol, Associate Editors seen in action at the Sebring auto races. John Andreola Roy Miller THE BIG ISSUE - PRO AND CON ARGUMENTS ON THE QUESTION: James S. Swartz Editorial Production Manager "DOES THE U.S. NEED A DOMESTIC PEACE CORPS?'' 26 Ralph Peluso Copy Editor pro: REP. CARLTON R. SICKLES (D-MD.) Grail S. Hanford con: REP. SAMUEL L. DEVINE (R-OHIO) Contributing Editor PLAYING NO-TRUMP CONTRACTS 30 Pete Martin Circulation Manager BY WILLIAM S. ROOT Dean B. Nelson First of four articles for Legion bridge Indianapolis, Ind. players on how to play the cards when the Advertising Director bidding has ended. Robert P. Redden Midwestern Adv. Mgr. Departments Ray A. Jones 35 East Wacker Drive EDITOR'S CORNER Chicago 1, Illinois 2 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 Publisher's Representatives DATELINE WASHINGTON 4 PERSONAL West Coast BOOKS Arden E. Roney & Assoc. 6 ROD & GUN CLUB 48 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 8 LEGION SHOPPER Northwest The Harlowe VETERANS NEWSLETTER 31 PARTING SHOTS Co. Seattle 1, Wash. Manuscripts, Southeast artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed The Dawson Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material! Miami, Fla. & Atlanta, Ga.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 ) .

SBRODIE'S WAR DRAWINGS him the court of last resort concerning d hymoff's opening article on the ser- the rules of any card game. vice and sacrifice and deeds of the Americans who fought in Korea speaks GREAT PLAGUE for itself in this 10th anniversary month DTHE he terrible influenza epidemic in the of the Korean cease-fire. Howard Brodie's EDITOR'S fall of 1918 competes, in our recollec- drawings that go w ith the third and fourth tions of 1918, with the last great offensive, pages of the article CORNER overseas, in WWI. So we have forgotten don't explain them- its magnitude — even that it was the larg- selves. Brodie w as a est single cause of death in our WWI front-line artist in there is not enough desire in the right armed forces. We have forgotten that two w ars — as a ser- places to make even the most reasonable ten million Americans were sick and a geant artist for Yank amends for the failure to give a day's half million died here; or that it wiped on Guadalcanal and notice when vets insurance was closed out out 12 million in India alone. On page in Europe in WWII, a decade ago. 16, Clarence Woodbury tells of the only and as a civilian art- As National Commander Powers points true, modern pandemic plague. ist-correspondent out on page 10, we have a day-in, day-out for Colliers in job, all year, every year, to create that BWHY IS ANYONE FOOLED? Korea. His sketches desire by massive grass-roots communica- n may 23, The American Jewish are the real thing, tions with our representatives in the League Against Communism awarded Brodle done on the spot. A legislature. "George E. Sokolsky A4emorial Awards" collection of his war drawings has recently to four distinguished Americans who have been published by the National Press, Palo LARGE & BEAUTIFUL never been fooled a bit by what the late, Alto, Calif., under the title "Howard was at the Legion's Washington Con- brilliant Air. Dt Sokolsky called "the aggres- Brodie War Drawings — World War II, ference in (March that Pennsylvania sive political warfare" and the "subtle in-

Korea." The 51 plates comprising 62 Department Commander Louis J. Greco tellectual warfare" of the communists. draw ings on 11" by 15" pages make up a (who is a schoolteacher in Wyoming, Pa.) Here are some quotes from the four re- handsome $10 volume of combat art. told us that the Carnation Milk Co. had cipients of the Sokolsky Memorial awards: 500 very large, very His Eminence, Francis Cardinal Spell- NO MONEY? beautiful prints of man, Archbishop of New York, Military fjix pace 10, National Commander Powers the Declaration Vicar to the Armed Forces: "I condemn points out that if the Legion's legis- of Independence atheistic communism as an American in lative program for veterans welfare is to which it made avail- defense of my country, for while Com-

be carried out, there is a huge grassroots able to the Pennsyl- munism is an enemy of Catholicism, it is job to done to create a favorable cli- be v a n i a American also a challenge to all men who believe in mate of opinion for our bills. Legion. The state America and in God . . Earlier this year, after a talk with Pres- Legion organization "Two or three times in history there ident Kennedy, Rep. Olin E. Teague, offered them to any has been a peace that drenched the world House Veterans Affairs Chairman, told Pennsylvania Amer- in fear and held the fate of men relentless the press that no major veterans bills ican Legion Posts in its grip. And today like a chilling mist Louis J. Greco would be likely to pass because of budg- that would ( 1 there hangs over the democratic nations

etary considerations. frame them, and (2 give them to some- the menace of a 'Pax Sovietica' which .. .is Now, on our desk, is a letter from Airs. one who would post them in a public being imposed upon Europe, with the goal

'' Daniel Bugbee, of Vallejo, Calif., con- place. We tracked down one of the 500. of the dictators, One World — theirs!'1 trasting the S100 a month granted Cuban Mid City Post in Philadelphia had framed Former Ambassador to Cuba Earl E. T.

refugees in the U.S., with the inadequacy it and given it to Philadelphia's Masterman Smith, who said what follows in ip58:

of the $78.75 vets pension paid old, blind School at 1 7th and Spring Garden Streets, "If I have a jury of 12 unbiased people

Wilmer Summerville, who died in Geor- which is a special (and remarkable ) pub- ...I can convince all the members of the gia recently after living some 60 days in lic demonstration school with an enthusi- jury within 24 hours that the Castro move-

jail for want of better shelter and care. astic and cooperative principal, Mr. ment is infiltrated and controlled by the (See our (May "Editor's Corner"). The Le- Joseph Goldstein. We think you'll agree Communists." gion does not ask for better pensions, or with Commander Greco's description Jack O'Brian, Radio and Television other benefits, for veterans because of (very large, very beautiful) if you'll look Columnist, New York Journal American: what the Cuban refugees get. It asks for at the Independence Day display that the "For the communists, the political is them because of a fair estimate of the framed Declaration made for our inside only one aspect and not the important one. need of the affected veterans and depen- front cover. We are particularly happy to That's why and how they flip-flop so dents related to their past service to the mention the Carnation Milk Co. in this easily with changing political currents. nation. connection, because its name does not ap- The real, ultimate aim is to tear down the But the Cuban allowance becomes in- pear on the framed copies, and it did not present framework of living: religious, teresting, and moot, when the plea for ask for one word of publicity. moral, patriotic, economic so that society ." veterans is dismissed out-of-hand "be- can be rebuilt on the new philosophy. .

cause of the budget." The same type of FOR BRIDGE PLAYERS Henry J. Taylor, United Features Syn- consideration would have resulted in ridge-playing Legionnaires applauded dicate, former Ambassador to Switzerland: nothing for the Cubans, nothing for de- E our earlier pieces on contract bridge "All Communists are liars — one and all. fense, nothing for foreign aid, nothing for by William S. Root in large numbers. So They are three-dimensional liars: They highways, nothing for anything. There is we have him back again in this issue (page lie up and down and forever. never room for anything in the budget ex- 30) with the first of four articles on the "Meanwhile, the Communist is so cept for what is wanted, and there is room fundamentals of the play of the hand. smart he has nothing and never had any-

in the budget for everything that is Air. Root is a bridge player who always thing. Vet he tells you how to get every- wanted badly enough. needs a long suit (he stands six feet eight). thing. When "budgetary considerations" are A tournament addict, a player on U.S. "I simply cannot understand and have cited offhand as a reason for no major International teams, a bridge teacher, a never understood how the Red racketeers

vets' legislation, it simply means that there holder of the Spingold Trophy, he has and steel-hardened Communists manage

is not enough desire in the right places to zoomed upward in the bridge world since to attract American fellow travelers to give a penniless old veteran a pension as he played his first hand in 1946. Not yet their ideas — especially in our schools and

high as what Cuban refugees get; there is 40, he is today the modern Hoyle—having churches — and fool anybody about what not enough desire in the right places to been named "Games Authority" by the actually happens under Communist prac- compensate war-disabled veterans in pro- Ass'n of American Playing Card Manu- tice." portion to the severity of their disabilities; facturers, a position which, in 1963, makes RBP

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 3 . . ,

DATELINE WASHINGTON "NUCLEAR STALEMATE" INCORRECT. CAN THE PRESIDENT DISARM US? WORLD POPULATION PROJECTED. PEOPLE AND QUOTES:

Increasing official talk in Washington about "static PROPAGANDA ". nuclear s talemate" between the U. S. and the U.S.S.R., and . . while nuclear weapons a state of mind that such a deadlock eliminates the threat have introduced a new dimen- risk, another dimension of war, has aroused the ire of Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. — The sion of has been introduced by type- of the Joint told a chairman Chiefs of Staff recently writers, mimeograph machines, Senate Subcommittee that he could find no lessening of the radio, telegraph, and telephone. communist threat, but that in terms of nuclear conflict, Choking people to death with the United States possessed "a substantially greater information is one of the oldest bureaucratic techniques known capability" than the Soviet. He said: to man. Never have there been "The delivery maintenance of a superior strategic nuclear such opportunities as now." capability into the future, in the face of the clearly Prof. Richard E. Neustadt, Col- evident major Soviet efforts in space, missiles, nuclear umbia University. submarines, nuclear weapons development , and air defense " AIR WAVES systems , will require unremitting effort . General Taylor pointed out that communist Russia and China "The responsibility for what goes out over the air cannot be have more than 2,000,000 men under arms, with improved left up in the air. And those weapons and equipment ; a growing navy, second only to our who are making a buck from own, plus a large nuclear-powered submarine force ; and a television must stop passing the persistent policy of subversion. Nonetheless, he said, our buck." Newton N. Minow, for- own strength grows in all these areas. He disclosed that mer Chairman, Federal Com- munications Commission. more than 1,000,000 U.S. military men have been trained in counter-insurgency. FOREIGN AID He urged that the U.S. prepare a missile defense including T "It is a fair question to ask a reasonable fallout shelter civil defense program. whether we are drawing more personnel, more expertise from colleges and universities for Questions have been raised by members of Congress as to these overseas programs than whether the President operating through the United Nations , we can properly afford, in that can bypass Congress on a nuclear test ban agreement we are starving the goose that Secretary of State Rusk, at a Senate Foreign Relations lays the golden eggs." Francis Committee hearing, stated categorically that any such agree- Keppel, U.S. Commissioner of ment would be a treaty, requiring the consent of the Senate. Education. Similar questions have been raised as to whether or not U. S. STRENGTH the United Nations Charter could be interpreted as "Communist totalitarians authorizing the President to turn over the defense of the know that as long as Americans United States to the U.N. There can be no such remain true to the magnificent interpretation, the Secretary of State has responded. moral and spiritual principles on which this greatest of all re- publics was founded, our Na- Even as part of Washington worries about nuclear tion will stand as an unreach- annihilation of whole countries and people, another part able bulwark in the planned worries about the "population explosion." The world's path of Communist world con- population has been growing at a fantastic rate It took quest." FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. from the beginning of life on Earth to the beginning of this 20th century for the human race to number 1.5 billion. SEA POWER During the next 60 years the population doubled to 3 billion. ". . . sea power and our con- The world' s census will reach 6 billion by the year 2,000, tinuing ability to preserve the according to official estimates. freedom of the seas may well During the next four decades, the population of North determine the future destiny of this nation and perhaps of all America is expected to grow from 200 to 300 million; during mankind." Rep. Carl Vinson, the same period the outlook for Latin America is a jump from Georgia, chairman of the House 200 to 600 million. Armed Services Committee.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 Whoever picked Miami Beach for your convention is a born genius.

(By the way Miami is BOSTON our home town.)

SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND

Daytona Beach CAPE CANAVERAL SAN DIEGO Melbourne Palm Beach

MIAMI FT. LAUDERDALE

National is the only airline that's based in Miami. Most of our pilots and stewardesses live in Miami. Every city in our system is on a direct route to Miami. Look at the map. Our whole operation converges at Florida's fabulous Gold Coast. When you come down in September, jet National, the airline that knows Miami best. Ask your travel agent for information and reservations. While you're here, have a ball. whom Stallings vividly brings to life. His In The Presence of My Enemies, by John loyalty, courage, self-sacrifice, humor, fury, A Portrait of the W. Clifford, S.J. W.W. Norton & Co., hatred, fear, despair, lust, arc all here. There $4.50. A Jesuit priest who was imprisoned WWI Fighting Man were mistakes, miscalculations, impossible by the communists for three years tells how conditions, equipment, impossible but de- he resisted brainwashing and why he be- spite it all the Doughboys went forward. lieves his method would work for others. The fighting man of World War I was sure of himself and of what he had accom- The Conservative Affirmation, by Will- plished. Always, it was the newcomer who moore Kendall. Henry Regnery Co., $5.95. was the rookie, even when that newcomer For those who want to know what Con- happened to be the President of the United servatives stand for, and where they stand States on his way to Versailles. "How'd he on important issues of our time as well as look?" Stallings asked. "Just the way we did on timeless issues. when we were rookies," said the officer of the guard. Sixty Days That Shook the West, by Jacques Benoist-Mechin. g. p. Putnam's sons, $7.95. Prohibition Days A day-by-day study of the 1940 fall of France, from May 9 through July 11, of- HOW DRY WE WERE, by Henry Lee. fering some new views of those desperate Prentice-Hall, Inc., $4.95. On January 16, weeks. Painting by Harvey Dunn 1920, the 18th Amendment outlawing com- merce in intoxicating liquors went into Guide to Snorkel THE DOUGHBOYS, by Laurence Stallings. The Complete Illustrated effect. its passage, a 13-year reign harper & row, $7.95. What were they like, With and Deep Diving, by Owen Lee. Double- of lawlessness, violence and corruption took guide those first Americans to set foot on French day & Co., $7.50. A comprehensive hold of the United States. divers soil in 1917? In this account based on re- for beginning and experienced free searched facts and personal reminiscences, Starting with a Prohibition calendar that by a veteran of the famous Vigo Bay ex- points up Dry agitation as far back as 1808, it is the character of the Doughboys w ho plorations. this book traces the history of those so wet fought the war, rather than the war itself, West Point Today, by A. C. M. Azoy and that is important. Banning. Coward-McCann Inc., The author takes us hack to that first day Kendall $5. Life at the U.S. Military Academy and in Paris, when Maj. Gen. John J. (Iron and history which have Commander) Pershing stood on a balcony the traditions of the Hotel Crillon and waved to the helped make it great. French people who jammed the Place de la Triumph In The Pacific, Edited by E. B. Concorde. He knew on that day what all Potter and Fleet Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, the other Allied commanders knew, that his U.S.N. Prentice-Hall Inc., paperback, men were not ready for combat. It would $1.95. concise review of the WWII cam- take months of training to organize them A paign in the Pacific. into a battle-ready army. In the end, because B the war couldn't wait, they had to finish The Mayhe Monsters, by Gardner Soule. their training as they fought, first at Can- G. P. Putnam's Sons, $3.50. All about 23 tigny, then at Chateau-Thierry. legendary creatures or monsters whose But in those first days the Allies wanted existence has been debated for centuries. America in the war more as a symbol of hope their despairing citizens, to and they Common Sense ami the Fifth Amendment, wanted the American fighting man dis- by Sidney Flook. Henry Regnery Co., persed throughout the Allied armies, fight- paperback, $1.75. An analysis of the Fifth ing under the command of Allied leaders. Amendment, with its relation to individual General Pershing's continuing struggle to and social justice. keep the Doughboys intact as an American A law enforcement official fighting unit under American leaders is re- smashes a barrel of illegal beer. Learning to Gun, by John Stuart Martin. called over and over again. Doubled*y & Co., $4.95. A book for families "Dry" years. political influence of the During the 18 months of United States The whose younger members are interested in participation, the and other groups is re- American Doughboys W.C.T.U. Dry hunting. faced fighters hardened by four years of counted, as well as such phenomena of the grueling war. No wonder then that era as: rum running, home brewing, federal Best Plays of the Year, by Robert Riger. Pershing's highest words of praise were: prohibition agents, liquor raids, under- Prentice-Hall, $4.95. Football during the "He's a fighter, a fighter, a fighter." But at world beer barons, "Speaks" and beer 1962 season recaptured in pictures. least the Doughboys knew that the Iron parades. Commander was aware of the conditions How well did Prohibition work? The The Importance of Music, by Sigmund under which he was ordering them to fight. Association Against the Prohibition Spaeth. Fleet Corp., $4.50. Short, short es- "Alone among Allied Commanders, Pershing Amendment estimated that in the law's says on music, that offer informative, saw to it that General Staff officers had a tenth year Americans spent $2,868,000,000 enjoyable reading. turn at experiencing what combat leaders on liquor, making the bootleg business had to undergo, w hat infantry must endure. competitive with the steel, auto and gaso- Leading Teen-Age Groups, by Dorothy M.

. . . There was no one ... at the Iron Com- line industries. Roberts. Association Press, $3.95. A handy teen-agers, mander's First Army Headquarters . . . who Then, finally, on April 7, 1933, beer was text for adults who work with did not know the nature of the inferno once again legal and the nation celebrated. providing information on how to organize General Staff sent men into." On that day nearly 1.5 million barrels of and lead such groups. The book sketches various phases of that beer were consumed and it took months of inferno: trench warfare, gassing, aviators work by the breweries to overcome the Soviet Military Strategy, by V.D. Sokolov- who met death in "flaming coffins," those shortages brought on by that first beer skii. Prentice-Hall Inc., $7.50 A- trans- 1962 on both sides of the line who defended binge. On December 5, 1933, the 21st lation by the Rand Corporation of the positions down to the last man, who then Amendment was ratified and Prohibition Russian text "Military- Strategy," which sets continued to shoot until there was no life was dead. States the author in concluding: forth views that are current among Soviet left in him. "It was, Lord knows, a test of national military leaders on the preparation for

1 hrough it all it is the fighting man character. Wc survived it." GSH and conduct of future wars.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 ! ! ! — LONG RANGE GERMAN BINOCULARS FORCED TO SELL BECAUSE OF STRIKE SLASH PRIC

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Sam Hill Ray, S. J. Sacred Heart Church Letters published do not necessarily ex- seen the listing in your magazine. press tlie policy of The American Legion. El Paso, Tex. Other orders, we suspect, originated Keep letters short. Name and address must be furnished. Expressions of opinion and from the listing, though there was no CORRECTION reqtiests for personal services are appreci- way to tell. A man from Chicago, here sir: Your "Dateline Washington" col- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or in Minneapolis on business, stopped by for March stated that the Social a nsui e red, due to lack of magazine staff for umn in person to pick a for his these purposes. Requests for personal ser- up copy Security tax for 1963 has a top limit of vices daughter. Your listing has been a great which may be legitimately asked of $150. This is incorrect. The top limit The American Legion should be made to help in making the booklet to known in 1963 is $174. This is $24 more than your Post Service Officer or your state a much larger group of people. (Department) American Legion Hq. Send is stated in your article and deserves letters to the editor to: Letters, The Amer- John P. Yackel, Manager correction. ican Legion Magazine, 720 5th Avenue, American Guidance Service, Inc. Edmund E. St. George New York 19, N. Y. 720 Washington Ave., S.E. Worcester, Mass. Minneapolis 14, Minn. Mr. St. George is exactly right. MARTIN ON NEW ORLEANS For those who missed the April listing, sir: As a life member, I have read "How to Study" may be obtained at VETS' PROBLEMS many articles in our magazine. The the above address for 75^. sir: I urge that every veteran, young .May article by Pete Martin on New or old, write his Congressman to get Orleans was comprehensive, factual, LIKE LABIN behind the Legion's proposed Pension bizarre. Having been in the hotel and sir: Our magazine hit the jackpot by Bill, HR1927. food business at the Long River Inn, publishing Mme. Suzanne Labin's arti- M. Hall .Major's Inn, Saranac Inn, Lake Placid J. cle "Who Wants the Soviet Econ- Hinckley, 111. Club and The Greenbrier, W. Ya., I omy?" (May). Her savvy and her could appreciate the food angle. His comparison of the western economy sir: On behalf of General Accounting recipes I could taste, knowing all the with that of the communist countries Office American Legion Post 48, Dis- ingredients. is astounding. Her final paragraph is a trict of Columbia, I express apprecia- C. A. Stearns, Sr. jewel among gems. The whole article tion for sponsoring Bill HR2582, intro- Umdilla, N.Y. should be compulsory reading through- duced by the Honorable Paul A. Fino of New York. This is the 5th bill listed sir: Pete Martin's wonderful "A Pre- out government and in colleges and in your May "Newsletter" — the one view of New Orleans" in your .May high schools. A lot more articles of this ilk will a lot of if intended to compensate veterans in issue is really an outstanding article. do good they proportion to the degree of their war Herbert jM. Baus get into the hands of those who need disabilities, and to provide a depend- Los Angeles, Calif. them. ents allowance for war-disabled vet- Unfortunately (see center News section George Dunkley erans with less than disability. this issue) the 1963 Nat'l Convention Lawrence, Kans. 50% We disabled war veterans feel it is time lias been moved from New Orleans, these two inequities be corrected as but that doesn't detract a whit from sir: With reference to Mme. Suzanne stated in this bill. Please request other Pete Martin's article or the attractions Labin, author of "Who Wants the Posts and members to write their Con- of New Orleans which he cited. Soviet Economy?" I wonder how gressmen on behalf of this worthwhile, many Legionnaires know that this little overdue bill for disabled war veterans. JOYCE KILMER POSTS? lady's writings have been held in such Charlie R. Powell sir: I am writing a biography of Joyce high esteem that one of them was made Vice Commander Kilmer who was killed in World War into a government pamphlet by the G.A.O. Post D.C. I while fighting with the "Fighting Senate Internal Security Subcommit- 48, 69th" Regiment of York. I New am tee? It is "The Technique of Soviet sir: I am another veteran's widow who interested in learning where the var- Propaganda," one of the finest ex- elected pension under PL86-211, and ious American Legion Posts named in positions on the subject, and can be had an increase from $54 a month to his honor are located. I know of two- ordered from the Gov't Printing $60. I made the choice because my Brooklyn, N.Y. and New Brunswick, Office, Washington D.C., for 25t. rent went up. Then a slight increase in N.J. If there are any others, I would Harold E. Foss Social Security reduced my VA pen- appreciate hearing from their Com- Coulee Dam, Wash. manders. Thank you. sion to $45, and I am worse off than Walter F. Storey before. sir: Commendation is in order for the 2jiA 13th Street Mrs. G. B. fine articles you publish. Thanks es- Brooklyn N.Y. Brooklyn, N.Y. 1$, pecially for Mme. Labin's "Who Wants the Soviet Economy." It would READYING YOUTH FOR COLLEGE sir: I was discharged from the Army be good for all Americans to read it, sir: I have been very much impressed in 1945. In 1948 I was hospitalized for with the article "Guide to 10th and and if it is ever published in tract form, multiple sclerosis. Recently a public I would like to know so I can distrib- 1 1th Graders and Parents" in the April law was passed making multiple scle- ute a couple of hundred. issue. As a mother of teenagers, a rosis contracted within three years of Rev. A. Fleagle school secretary and a member of the W. discharge service-connected. Now the Atlanta, Ga. Legion, I have ordered 200 copies of VA says I had multiple sclerosis before the original brochure for schools here. I entered service. They gave me a med- Laurie Leonard Wallace sir: It seems almost a sin (of omission) ical examination when I was inducted Ft. Myers, Fla. for "A Plan to Free Cuba" (April); into service, and accepted me as phys- and "Who Wants the Soviet Econ- ically fit for service. What suggestions sir: In response to the listing of our omy?" (May) to die in their respective have you for what I should do now? book "How to Study" in the April issues. They should be reprinted and Ernest D. Boyden American Legion Magazine, in advice distributed to all schools, members of Los Angeles, Calif. to 10th and 11th graders and their Congress, newspaper editors, etc., The correct thing for any veteran to do parents on readying for college, we throughout the country. who needs help with a VA claim is to have received hundreds of orders for Dr. John A. Simkovich put his ca«e (no cost) to the Legion the booklet indicating that they had Monessen, Pa. service staff in his state, either a post,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 " !

county or state service officer. Los Angeles County has an excellent Le- gion service office. It should be made clear that the law to which you refer is "presumptive." It would not take precedence over specific evidence that the disease was contracted other than in service. But you should have an ex- pert develop the facts. sir: Our son needs help desperately. We have had his name on the waiting list for a VA hospital for the mentally ill for over a year. He has suffered so long and has been in need of care so long, why can't there be a law enacted whereby a veteran who has served his country can be cared for. Is it possible to have his name on two waiting lists? This is an emergency case. Mr. and Mrs. Edward Zeal Oklahoma City, Okla. sir: After reading a good deal about Dr. Richard Dillon's article about the VA hospitals (Atlantic, Nov. 1962

& Readers Digest, Mar., 1963) I must put in 5( worth. My husband was in the Cincinnati VA hospital for five months. We have nothing but praise and more praise and thanks. The VA hospital was better, far better, than the one which used up all our hospital in- Two advanced physics students are producing a solar-powered, transistor audio-oscillator — the surance in a month. It was better in "From Sun to Sound" experiment — provided by the Bell System. The experiment requires every way. If I were ill and could go, students to calculate and design as well as construct some of the basic electronic components. I'd gladly go there. I haven't read Dr. Dillon's complaint, but I haven't one. Mrs. E. Gehring Cincinnati, Ohio sir: Tell Dr. Dillon who wrote that "Just give 'em the facts piece in the Readers Digest knocking the VA hospitals to look up my rec- ord. I am walking around after eight and get out of the way stomach operations and with no spleen, to boot, but at least I'm living and the VA has kept me living for 12 years now. Thank God for the VA, their How the Bell System is helping to develop gifted young scientists and engineers hospitals, research staffs and all con- nected with them. (Name Withheld) scientists Bell will benefit only as the Springfield, Mass. Tomorrow's top and engi- the System neers are hidden in high school class- nation benefits — from better teachers sir: I was reading a magazine piece by rooms today. The problem is to find and abler scientists and engineers. some young doctor who had a month's them, inspire them. And the Bell Sys- training as a medical student in a VA tem is helping this national effort with hospital, and knew, because of his vast Three other aids offered to America's schools: experience, just how the government a unique series of teaching aids. Wave Motion Machine, which illustrates be- should dispose of the vets' hospitals One of these units is illustrated here havior common to sound, light, electricity. (give them away). He went on to de- Unit also includes film, books, lecture. and five more described at the right. scribe most of the patients as being Ferromagnetic Domains, a basic approach to there for trivial reasons, and the doc- They are already being used in thou- the study of magnetism, including books, a motion picture and four demonstration units. tors as boondogglers. Then I read some sands of high schools. rebuttals of this article. But what can Solar Energy Experiment for advanced stu- Now in its third year, this science dents, all the materials necessary people believe of what they read? containing to turn silicon slabs into working solar cells. Members of our Post and Unit started program has aided busy teachers and visiting hospitalized vets at the excel- spurred eager students. As one Bell Aids to be offered in Fall, 1963: lent East Orange VA hospital some Laboratories man remarked, "Just give The Speech Chain, various classroom mate- rials for physics and biology teachers on the years back, and it's become a religion ! 'em the facts and get out of the way interdisciplinary study of speech and hearing. with some of us—the patients are so Speech Synthesis, for advanced students. sick and need visitors with a cheering The program will continue, with the Circuitry, electronic components, biology. word so much.Will you shoot pic- some cooperation of leading educators, as Completed unit simulates speech sounds. tures so people can see how sick and long as it serves a useful purpose. And frail most of the patients are, and how dedicated the VA hospital staffs are? Tom Smith, Adjutant Post 117 BELL TELEPHONE SYSTEM Bogota, N. J. Owned by more than two million Americans For a start, see page 11.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 9 FOR YOUR INFORMATION What We Must Do

for our less fortunate comrades

BY NATIONAL COMMANDE^^<^^^ <£ 4fcSU4s&l4^

Of some 8,000 public bills dropped in the Congressional shunned and old ones trimmed. In short, nothing remains hopper since January, not one in ten will become the to be done except to administer the letter of the law with law of the land. minimum concessions to its spirit.

All of these proposals have sponsors in Congress and ad- This attitude is not new. Since the early post World War II vocates back home. Most have merit. The overwhelming period, it has been nurtured by a relatively few individuals majority will fail for want of a favorable climate of opinion. in successive Administrations and the Congress who plainly The laws that Legionnaires have requested in convention don't like veterans' care and its cost. are no exception. I believe different. Our the problem underlying this situation is the most You and i know the truth is something basic, critical challenge confronting veterans today. Failure Legion mandates, adopted by men and women from to solve it could sound the death knell for vitally needed every Congressional constituency in the land, say something improvement in veterans' rehabilitation — not just now but different. from now on. There is widespread, though latent, public concern in this country for the well-being of the disabled and aging veteran. Here's what has happened: We've got to activate it — bring it into view of Congress and The American Legion, after carefully sifting many re- the press. habilitation mandates of the 1962 convention, asked Congress Inequities in the existing veterans' program are working to act this year in five major areas. It's a disciplined request, severe hardship on many of those it was intended to bene- including only items of documented need and reasonableness. fit. Every service officer knows of dozens of such cases. But We seek: how many are communicated to the Congress where their * Improved non-service connected pensions for veterans and continuing impact can lead to corrective action? their survivors; We, each of us, must mobilize this dormant good will. We Cost-of-living increases in death compensation rates for must shatter the placid assumption that everything possible certain survivors of war-killed veterans; is being done for the disabled. We, each of us, must give our Compensation for the war-disabled at rates proportionate own Congressmen in particular an informed and sensitive to the degree of their disabilities; appreciation of the importance of veterans' legislation — and Reopening of National Service Life Insurance for one year. we must leave them no room to doubt that veterans' interests Improved Veterans Administration care for aging veterans. and the public interest are one and the same. These steps involve no sweeping extension of benefits. How do we do it? They would simply correct defects in the existing program For the short run, a letter-writing broadside in behalf of to make it conform with the principle of fair play and with this year's five-point legislative program is already under way. the valid needs of thousands of veterans, dependents and Departments and posts, working with the National Legisla- survivors. tive Commission and its grass-roots liaison contacts in the At this writing, the bills remain pinned down in commit- field, have been generating a rising volume of requests for tee. They haven't advanced because veterans — you and I hearings and action on these measures. The American Legion and even those who most need our proposed reforms — haven't Auxiliary has launched "Operation Coffee-Cup," a nation- made it clear enough to members of Congress that veterans' wide series of Unit meetings where Auxiliary members pre- legislation in general and these bills in particular belong on pare letters to their Congressmen describing the needs of their "must" list. disabled war veterans and widows in local areas. Until the majority of Congressmen understand this, by Our Washington Office advises that these efforts are start- being told so over and over by their constituents, veterans' ing to produce results. But they must be sustained — and legislation of all types is bound to have rough going. accelerated at the call of the Legislative Commission. No matter how strong our case or how fine our timing or For the long run, something more is needed. Crash efforts how brisk the support we muster, we won't get the job done are costly and apt to bruise feelings on Capitol Hill. They in a Congress that is predisposed to rate veterans' affairs a will be unnecessary if we do the day-in, day-out job of edu- lightweight on the political scales. cating, communicating, and petitioning that will enable our Veterans' needs, according to widely held views in Wash- legislators to see veterans' benefits in their proper, high- ington, have been more than met. New benefits should be priority perspective.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 They depend on you.

No words could add to the story of solicitude and dependence portrayed by "Agnes Olsen and Anthony Gerbino in this strik- ing, candid VA hospital photo by Angela Calomiris. Anthony, 50, is a service-connected Parkinson's disease patient in the Veterans Administration's Manhattan (N.Y.) Hospital. Mrs. Olsen has 7,000 hours of volunteer VA hospital work behind her. A member of Unit 1099, she is American Legion Auxiliary Rehabilitation Chairman for New York County. The Marine Corps likened the winter hardships in Korea Street fighting to retake Seoul in Sept. 1950, after MacArthur's to Valley Forge, as it released this photo Feb. 22, 1951. end run at Inchon trapped the entire North Korean invasion army. By EDWARD HYMOFF Just ten years ago this month, on a hot July morning in Korea, the third (and in some ways the sec- ond) biggest foreign war we've fought so far came to an end. It ended after KOREA-AMERICA'S three years and 32 days of fighting what a weary GI described as "the war we can't win, we can't lose, we can't quit." For those who "can't remember," this

is a reminder that tribute should be paid to the millions of men and their families who "can't forget" the heartbreak, the sufferings, and the dead of the Korean War. The Korean War ended in a cease- fire on July 27, 1953, near a tiny village called Panmunjom: In a brief confronta- tion between the top negotiators of each side, held in an unpainted, ramshackle building, erected by the enemy and dubbed the "Peace Pagoda" by Ameri- can military police on duty in the de- militarized zone, both sides signed an armistice agreement. The documents were signed by Lt. Gen. William K. Har- rison, Jr., an American officer represent- ing the United Nations Command, and by Gen. Nam II, a North Korean leader and Soviet citizen, who represented his army and the military forces of Red China. At exactly 10 a.m., each general began signing nine of the 18 documents. Each side had previously exchanged documents signed earlier by their respec- tive generals to speed up the actual pro- cedure. When they had completed their task, they departed quickly, without a word to each other, without even a pass- ing nod of recognition. The cease-fire took effect 12 hours later, after two years and 17 days of haggling in which 18,000,000 words were spoken at 575 separate meetings.

After 2% years of combat: One of our 155- mm howitzers in action — 22 Oct. 1952. A 75mm rifle of the U.S. 7th Division's 31st RCT hammers out artil- lery support for troops at Oetooktong, after one year of the war.

An account of what American ser-

Forgotten War vicemen did in three bloody years

of combat that ended ten years ago this month. On this note of silence ended the fight- ing that at first was called a police action, was later referred to as a conflict, and, five years after the cease-fire, was finally trenches as their fathers and grand- built Migs ushered in jet-vs.-jet combat. and officially declared the Korean War fathers had in WWI. On occasion it was It was also a general's war. Commu- by the U. S. Army. a tanker's war, an artilleryman's war, nism's grand marshal, Joseph Stalin, per- Let's never forget that the men who an infantryman's war, an airman's war sonally supervised the plans for the in- fought in Korea won their victory. This and even a general's war. Tanks were vasion of South Korea by his North is obscured, almost to the point of for- limited by the craggy mountains and Korean satellite army. Conquest of getfulness, by the fact that a much big- steep valleys of Korea, but there were Korea would have threatened Japan, all ger victory might have been possible, but times when both sides used them to ad- of free Asia, and accelerated plans for was bypassed by a political decision. Let vantage as armored spearheads. It was red conquest of the Orient. This was history record, then, that the Korean an artilleryman's war in that massed daring strategy at a time when the world War began when the North Korean reds guns — emplaced every ten feet in some was recuperating from the devastation attempted to seize South Korea, that we sectors of the 150-mile-long front — were of six tragic years of war. The U.S.S.R. and the United Nations took up arms to used relentlessly against a deeply en- had gobbled up all of Eastern Europe stop them from seizing South Korea, trenched enemy. The footsloggers — our after WWII and the Chinese reds had and that at the end of hostilities they GIs and Marines — often fought a deadly won mainland China. Communist con- had been driven out of South Korea. The game of "King of the Mountain" in bit- quest had to end somewhere. The line men who gave their lives in Korea and ter combat to hold or take strategic high was drawn in Korea and one of Ameri- the men who fought there and survived, ground. In the skies, the U.S. Air Force ca's greatest military strategists — Gen. achieved on the field of battle exactly blazed a trail of glory over that north- Douglas MacArthur — was pitted against what their original mission had been. In west corner of enemy real estate called the Soviet Union's sinister leader. June, 1950, the communists tried to take "Mig Alley," as Sabrejets and Russian- Serious students of military history South Korea and they have not taken it yet. The lost opportunity to drive the

reds from North Korea in no way di- To this 10th anniversary account of the Korean war, minishes the valor of the American GIs Gen. Douglas MacArthur has added his tribute in who fought the "Land of the Morn- to the men who fought there: ing Calm." "The fortitude and courage of the American soldier was It was a strange war. In the air, the never more tested than on the bleak fields of Korea. Out- latest model jet fighter aircraft ushered numbered and sorely handicapped by the unprecedented re- in a new era in aerial warfare. On the strictions imposed upon him from political sources, he sought by brains and brawn and blood to ground, American troops fought with overcome all odds. His sacrifice was bitter. A soldier's glory enshrines his deathless WWII vintage weapons, occasionally memory." utilized WWII tactics, and in the final General Douglas MacArthur, April 15, 1963. two years of the conflict fought from

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 13 CONTINUED

KOREA-AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN WAR

and tactics who have known other battlefields and other wars are unani- mously agreed that Korea was the setting for what military historian and com- mentator Gen. S. L. A. Mar- shall describes as "the cen-

tury's nastiest little war." It was a war that took the lives of 33,629 Americans, of whom 23,300 were killed in combat. An additional 105,- 785 received Purple Hearts for battlefield wounds. A to- tal of 3,746 Americans sur- vived the horrors of death marches, prison camps, a new method of political indoctri- nation called "brainwashing," and more than ,two years of conference table bargaining—

for their lives and their freedom. In all, 1,319,000 American against a direct assault. That need could be just as important, soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines served in the Korean but, understandably, such a war seemed necessary only to theater of operations. those, who were aware of the communist threat. Korea lacked American fighting men exacted a tremendous toll in killed emotional appeal. and wounded enemy troops — an estimated 1,520,000 reds In the first months of fighting, the performance of young, were sacrificed by their leaders. ill-trained and ill-equipped GIs seemed a poor showing to a In what was a remarkable test of physical endurance, nation which only remembered the monumental WWII vic- Americans fought in near-tropic heat and arctic cold, through tories that easily overshadowed the early WWII defeats. three winters and nearly four summers. Once again, in Korea, early defeats were to be stepping stones A decade after the shooting ended, the general impression to a remarkable victory that began at a place called Inch'on. is that the fighting in Korea wasn't a real war because this On a quiet Sunday, June 25, 1950, less than 50 miles north nation did not wholeheartedly back its fighting men. More- of Seoul — capital city of the infant Republic of Korea — an over, this forgotten war was an unpopular conflict. Tired of entire communist army of 135,000 North Koreans launched death and destruction after WWII, which had ended only an attack across the 38th Parallel dividing the peninsula that five short years earlier, and enjoying peace and prosperity was half slave and half free. Screened by pre-dawn ground for the first time in years, the majority of Americans seem- fog and a thick drizzle, the invaders from the north — com- ingly couldn't have cared less about the shooting war going manded by Soviet Army generals of Korean descent — on in a lost corner of Asia. marched toward Seoul. While large numbers of troops were committed to battle, It was also a quiet Sunday in Washington. Duty officers in the rest of the nation was uncommitted to what obviously the Pentagon lounged comfortably with their Sunday news- was not an all-out war demanding sacrifices on the home papers. President Truman was visiting his family in Inde-

front. It was a war in which business as usual prevailed, the pendence, Mo. The first bulletins caught most Americans draft never dropped below the 21-year-olds, and reservists — amidst plans to attend June weddings and graduations, mow veterans of WWII — were thrown back into their second great lawns, picnic in the country or at the beaches, or take in war. It was a war in which many young Americans were baseball doubleheaders. There were no newspaper extras on never asked. "Why aren't you wearing a uniform?" It was a the streets as there were when Nazi Panzer divisions invaded

war in which consumer goods were not rationed, and a re- Poland nearly 1 1 years before. Americans just yawned at the quest for an item did not elicit the snappy retort of a few news and people remarked offhandedly: "Korea? Where's years back, "Don't you know there's a war on!" that?" Except for the men in Korea and their families, few Ameri- Americans were confused by the early news reports and cans followed the tide of war in Asia. Those who opposed the first war bulletins that came from the "Land of the Morn- sending Americans to fight in Korea called the conflict "Tru- ing Calm." The lightly armed ROK army and police force man's War." The former artillery captain who was President fell apart before the juggernaut from the north, spearheaded

called it a "police action." Americans in Korea were less by more than 200 30-ton T-34 Stalin tanks. These monsters polite in their description of the conflict. This was no great proved impervious to WWII bazookas and 75mm artillery crusade on a world front, nor was there an incident like Pearl shells. Trucks filled with communist soldiers rumbled along Harbor to rally vengeance-seeking Americans against an behind the tanks, and long columns of marching men fol- enemy they could understand. lowed the trucks. President Truman flew back to Washington

It was an abstract war. The United States was not directly at once. The United States requested an immediate meeting threatened. The need to fight in Korea was the need to halt of the United Nations Security Council. The UN authorized communist aggression, rather than to defend our shores the United States to take whatever steps were necessary to

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 halt the communist invasion. Three days later Harry S. Tru- man, President and Commander-in-Chief, ordered American THE CASUALTIES IN KOREA aircraft to attack the invaders. According to Department of Defense statistics, a total Air power failed. Seoul fell to the invaders. Five days later of 1,319,000 American soldiers, sailors, airmen and ma- President Truman ordered General MacArthur, U.S. occu- rines physically served in the Korean theater of opera- pation commander in Japan and Supreme Commander of all tions. Action in that theater took the lives of 33,629 of were killed in The Allied Forces in the Far East, to send American GIs to Americans whom 23,300 combat. rolls of the wounded number 105,785 casualties. Korea. It was a momentous decision. It was not a wholly popular one. Here is a breakdown of casualty General MacArthur was appointed United Nations Com- figures for this "forgotten war." mander when, for the first time in history, a world organiza- Killed in Action Total Deaths tion sovereign states authorized an international police of Army . . 19,334 Army . . 27,704 force to take up arms against aggression. Navy . 279 Navy . . 458 Air Force 379 Air Force 1,200 On June 30, 1950, General MacArthur ordered an imme- Marines . 3,308 Marines . 4,267

Wounded in Action Missing in Action

Army . . 79,526 Army .... 4,442

Navy . 1,599 Navy .... 174

Air Force 368 Air Force . . 859

Marines . 24,281 Marines ... 391

American Military Personnel Who Served in Korean War Theater.

Army .... 900,000 Air Force . . 47,000

Navy .... 252,000 Marines . . . 120,000

Enemy Casualties (estimated) Killed and Wounded.

Red China . .1,000,000 North Korea . 520,000

Even if his entire battalion had been ready, there weren't enough air transports to fly his full command to the combat zone. As Smith checked details with his junior officers, he couldn't help thinking back to another era and another place called Pearl Harbor, where, as a young lieutenant, he hastily pulled together an infantry company and double-timed his men to the beaches to fight off a possible invasion. But this time there actually was an invasion, and his orders from General MacArthur were shout and explicit: Slow down the enemy! What else could 530 GIs do against 135,000 communist combat troops? A five-gun battery of 105mm howitzers accompanied America's first contribution to the UN's international police force. Dubbed "Task Force" Smith by staff officers who were now part of the new UN Command headquarters, the first GIs to tangle with the reds fought their first battle on July 6. Just before the shooting started one young platoon officer muttered, "We're what's known as a calculated risk." He never spoke truer words. They were a cocky bunch of youngsters who Zi/vusridetC £&ut^6£ t&a^O expected the "gooks" to run as soon as the GIs opened fire. But it was the other way around — almost. Instead of a motley army of "gooks," Task Force Smith tangled with well- trained, well-led and determined soldiers. "My guys aren't going to run!" vowed

diate airlift of troops to Korea. A hastily assembled force of young Lt. Allen MacCauley of Detroit before the shooting 530 Americans, the majority of them barely out of their teens, began. landed in Korea on the sixth day following the invasion. They "We had to run. There wasn't anything else to do," he had not really been trained to fight, nor prepared for it men- explained later. "There were more of them than us." tally. Soft occupation duty in Japan was all they had ever The 4th North Korean Div, 10,000 strong, attacked be- anticipated. They were the sons and kid brothers of Ameri- hind 33 tanks running interference. The reds easily blasted cans who had won WWII. their way through American positions north of Osan. The All that their commander, combat veteran Lt. Col. Charles unbloodied Americans who survived the first onslaught sud- "Brad" Smith, CO of the 1st Bat, 21st Inf Reg, 24th Div, was denly became veterans. They ran, but they retreated as they able to put together were two reinforced rifle companies. were taught to do in some faintly {Continued on page 40) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 15 Red Cross Motor Corps in St. Louis, Mo., handling an influenza stretcher case, Oct. 1918. St. Louis rail station was deep in coffins.

By CLARENCE WOODBURY

Forty-five years ago this Septem- ber, as our armies in France and THE those of our Allies crouched for the last great onslaughts that were to

carry them to victory in World War I, United States soldiers on the home front were attacked by a murderous enemy. During the next few weeks this blague assailant Qreat killed ten times as many Americans as fell in battle during the entire war. The enemy was a mysterious disease which most doctors had never before en- countered. It made one of its first mas- sive assaults in this country at Camp of1918 Devens, Massachusetts. Like most of the training camps in 1918, Devens was a raw and unlovely grouping of yellow pine structures, hurriedly thrown to- gether in what had been a wooded waste- Spanish influenza caught us with men land only a year before. During its brief existence, it had turned out the 26th (Yankee) Division, which was making concentrated in wartime training camps. It a name for itself overseas, and was transforming another 42,000 civilians into soldiers at the time disease entered killed a half million Americans and hasn't its gates. On September 7th, an enlisted man of Co D, 42nd Inf, went to the dispensary been seen since. where he complained of a severe head-

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 ache, sore throat and pains in his back. Wary of "goldbricks," the medic on duty was not particularly impressed by the man's complaints, but when he took his temperature he raised his eyebrows a bit. The thermometer registered 104. The man was sent to the base hospital for observation and the next day 12 other members of his outfit came down with similar symptoms. Several were so sick they had to be carried to the hospital on stretchers, and two of them were cyanotic, displaying a blue color of the skin which some observers described as mauve or heliotrope. Others, who didn't go in for fancy words, simply said the two soldiers were as blue as huckleber- ries. But, however described, their pecu- liar color boded no good for the men. Within a few hours both developed pneumonia and died. The disease which had killed them swept through every unit at Camp Devens during the next few days. Camp

doctors diagnosed it as influenza but by

Fearing contagion in closed rooms, San Francisco courts moved to the open air September 18th, when 600 men were hospitalized, they knew it was no ordi- nary type of flu or grippe such as they had treated in the past. Though early symptoms were the same, the disease was much more lethal. One case in every seven turned into pneumonia, and of the pneumonia cases one in three died. Alarmed as well as baffled by the mysterious malady, medical officers at Devens burned up the wires to the Surgeon General's office in Washington with appeals for advice and assistance. On orders of Surg. Gen. William G. Gorgas, the camp was quarantined and one of the nation's top pathologists, Dr. William Henry Welch of Johns Hopkins University, was rushed there. On Sep- tember 20th, the day of Dr. Welch's arrival, another 1,534 men were attacked by the disease and Camp Devens presented a grim scene of disaster. Coffins containing the dead were stacked like cord- wood on railroad platforms, scores of pneumonia patients gasped out their last breaths in packed wards of the hospital, while hundreds of newly stricken men, — some shaking with chills, some burning with fever, others already showing the ominous blue color indicative of congestion of the lungs — carried their blankets to the hospital through a steady downpour of rain and flopped down on them wherever they could find floor space in wards or on porches. What appalled Dr. Welch most, however, was what he saw in the laboratory where autopsies were being per- formed. In nearly all cases the lungs of flu-pneumonia Emergency tent hospital for influenza patients set up at victims displayed (Continued on page 49) Brookline, Mass., as death marched through Army camps.

People wore gauze masks in public from coast to coast. This is the masked 39th Regt., marching through Seattle en route to France. How to catch BIG fish

Anyone can bag small fish. Here is advice By VLAD EVANOFF Iast October, fisherman Arthur Law- ton was trolling in the St. Lawrence from an expert on how to land the record-breakers. River and hooked and boated a huge 61 -lb., 4-oz. muskellunge. There are many musky anglers who would give a month's pay to catch a fish like that. catch big fish are skilled and experienced. The first step, and probably the most When it comes to musky fishing, many Does that automatically eliminate the important one, is to choose a certain feel that a man is fortunate if he catches unskilled or average fisherman who is species you'd like to catch and concen- one or two such big fish in a lifetime of not an expert and who can't spend too trate all your efforts on that type fish. It fishing. much time fishing? What are his chances can be one of the trouts, the black bass, But catching big muskies is nothing of catching a big fish? Very good, I'd pike, musky, lake trout in fresh water, unusual for Mr. Lawton, who lives in Delmar, N.Y. He has caught many say, provided he's willing to use the or the striped bass, channel bass, blue- right fishing tackle, lures, baits, methods fish, weakfish, tuna, marlin or swordfish muskies in the 50- and 60-pound class, and techniques. He must learn how to in salt water. In other words, it is usu- year after year winning local and nation- take best advantage of his tackle, and ally a waste of time to try to catch just al fishing contests for big muskellunge. then fish in the right place at the right any big fish regardless of species. You He's the fellow who holds the world's time. are certain attributes which have to become a sharpshooter. Choose record for the biggest musky caught on There the big fish experts have in common and your quarry and then go after it. Natur- rod and reel. That monster weighed 69 certain steps and procedures which they ally, it should be a species which is found lbs., 1 5-oz. and also was caught in the St. follow. as they do and increase your in nearby waters, unless you have the Lawrence River, on September 22, 1957. Do chances of catching big fish. time and money to travel to distant spots. There are many other anglers fishing in fresh and salt water who consistently catch big fish each season. Many of these anglers have acquired local reputations for catching big fish. While other anglers bring in small fish measured in inches, these experts often drag in lunkers mea- sured in feet. How do they do it? Do they possess some secret lure or bait? Do they fish a secret hole or spot? Or do they use a magic method or technique that is un- known to less fortunate fishermen? Many fresh and salt water anglers insist that fishing is mostly luck and calls for little skill or know-how. When some- one catches a big fish they call him lucky and feel that someday lightning will strike and they too will catch a big fish. It's true that there are catches of big fish made by both fresh and salt water anglers where luck may play some part. Such was the case last year with a 15- year-old boy fishing for porgies off the New Jersey coast. These panfish of the sea only run about a pound or two in weight. Suddenly, something grabbed the boy's line and took off away from the boat. Half an hour later, with some assistance from the mate, the fish was safely in the boat. It was a 52-lb. chan- nel bass! Such incidental catches are made from time to time in both fresh and salt water, but they are rare. If you depend only on luck to catch a big fish you may wait a long time. A close study of the record charts and reports of big fish caught re- veal that the majority of anglers who Not big enough to mount, but big enough to be proud of is this string of black bass. 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 But, by concentrating on a single species, you will learn more

about its habits, actions, food preferences, where it is found, and

when it feeds and bites, much faster than you will if you are fish- ing for just any old fish that comes along. The next step — and this can be a tough one — is to ignore the smaller fish of this particular species. Many fresh and salt water anglers never catch any big fish because they waste most of their time fishing for small fish. It's true that you can sometimes catch a big fish while fishing for the small ones. But, as a general rule, fish tend to gather in schools or groups of the same size, and many big fish tend to be solitary or are avoided by the smaller fish. When you have decided on the species of fish you want to catch, then you can assemble the proper tackle. To catch big fish you need well-made, dependable fishing tackle somewhat heavier and stronger than that used for smaller fish. If you are going after big brook trout, rainbow trout, brown trout, steelhead or Atlantic salmon with a fly rod, your chances are better if you use an 8V2-or 9-foot rod and a big fly reel filled with extra backing line under the regular fly line. Fresh water anglers using spinning tackle or spin-casting rods and reels need heavier tackle when seeking big bass, pike, muskies, catfish and other big fish. The bait-casting rod and reel is popular with many anglers seeking big fish in fresh water. With all these

Arthur Lawton of Delmar, N.Y. (above), caught the world's biggest muskellunge. Here he's shown holding one of his smaller muskies.

outfits it's a good idea to use somewhat heavier lines and stronger leaders than for ordinary size fish. The same thing is true when you seek big fish in salt water. You use fishing tackle which can stand up to the punishing runs, leaps and brute power of the heavyweight fish. Thus, surf anglers going after big striped bass or channel bass turn to the heavier surf rods, stronger lines and larger reels. Of course, expert and skilled anglers often make amazing catches of big fish on light tackle. Such as the 25-lb. rainbow trout caught by Lester H. Lunblad in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, on an 8-lb. test line. Leonard Hartman has caught many big muskellunge on very light lines and spinning tackle. His biggest was a 67-lb., 15-oz. musky on 1 1 -lb. test line, caught in the St. Lawrence River, N.Y. In salt water, Ed Kulisek landed a giant, 180-lb., 12-oz. tarpon near Stuart, Fla. on 15-lb. test line. And -Robert Gaxiola's black marlin, caught off Guaymas, Mex., weighed 312 lbs.. 3 ozs. It was caught on 12-lb. test line!

However, the average angler who doesn't fish very often is better off with heavier tackle and stronger lines. After all, you don't hook a big fish every day, but when you do, you want to have that extra bit of safety margin in order to (Continued on page 52)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 19 Our Changing

How the record of the U. S. Labor Department

mirrors the troubles of American wage earners Billy Wilson, first Secretary of Labor, 1913. Below, the kind of labor problems then common. By ALAN E. ADAMS

The u.s. department of labor was born sometime between midnight and 3 a.m., March 4, 1913, on the reluctant pen stroke of outgoing President William Howard Taft. With this act, one of his last as President, Taft acquiesced to pressure from union leaders. For, to President Taft such a Department was "abnormal and inconsistent." Despite its humble beginning on that morning 50 years ago,

and though it is still the runt of the President's Cabinet, the

Labor Department this year is celebrating its first half century as the devoted champion of the nation's working men and women. Dwarfed in size by its nine sister agencies of Cabinet rank (Labor's 8,700 employees compare with 40,000 on the De- fense Department payroll), the Labor Department, in one way or another, touches on the lives of 75 million Americans.

It has pursued and enlarged upon its first mission — "to foster, promote and develop the welfare of the wage earners of the United States." It has helped build a nationwide network of job-searching employment offices and has promoted a brief- case full of labor laws to protect workers on the job. Through

its continuing surveys of American buying habits, it has be- come the national authority on living costs. It is the ally of the returning or unemployed veteran, the sponsor of the youth Early machines of the industrial revolution created millions of who seeks apprentice training, the guardian of the union routine, simple jobs — thus child labor, as in this textile mill. member's democratic rights. Yet its hardest task is just beginning. The Department is fighting the job-swallowing effects of automation — the tech- nological revolution that currently makes about 25,000 jobs a week vanish. Where the Department once concentrated on

raising workers' living standards, it is now engrossed in pro- tecting the worker who has become outdated in modern in- dustry — the auto worker who has lost his place on the assembly line to an electronic robot; the steelworker who loses out to an oxygen oven that produces twice the steel with half the manpower; the elevator operator and store clerk to whom self-service means unemployment. Technically, the problems of automation fall in the Labor Department's newest division — the Office of Manpower, Automation and Training — although many of its other 11 bureaus provide important services in seeking answers to the wide variety of questions rising in the automation arena. But these other Bureaus also concentrate on questions that range anywhere from making sure there are enough restrooms in a factory (Job Standards) to advising labor unions in under- developed countries (International Affairs). The Labor Department is also the policeman of the U.S. labor movement. One of its newest divisions, the Bureau of Labor-Management Reports (BLMR), was set up after Con- gress passed the Landrum-Griffin Reform Law in 1959 in a move to stamp out labor racketeering. To this end, the Bu- custodian of annual financial reports of more Low wages, long hours, poorly lit plants and little attention reau became to employee safety were major trials and hazards 50 years ago. than 50,000 unions.

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE « JULY 1963 , ob Problems

Besides the monumental task of collecting and processing union financial data, the Bureau polices internal union affairs and sometimes finds itself checking on grievances, such as the one expressed in the following letter: "My local has 759

members," it read. "In our election a couple of weeks ago, the guy who beat me W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary of La- out of the presidency got 227 votes and I got 211. I've talked to all the guys I could bor, 1963. Below, the kind of em- in the plant- and only about half of them said they voted. I think I was cheated." ployment problems we meet today. He had been. A check showed that 16 members listed as voting hadn't done so. And the winning candidate, it turned out, had 100 extra ballots printed and access to the ballot box. While BLMR is one of the Department's latest additions, another, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is its oldest and best known. With its familiar initials, BLS is the only holdover agency from the Department's early days (Immigration, Child

Welfare and Naturalization have gone elsewhere) . The duties of Labor Statistics were accurately spelled out 33 years ago when its Commissioner explained that its "statistical and re- search activities furnish a continuously unrolling picture of essential facts regarding the working and living conditions of the average American wage earner—his wages, his hours of labor

his employment, his standard of living, his opportunities. . . . "Without such information," he said, "all labor policies of the Department would be adopted in darkness and would almost certainly be futile." Probably the most important single statistic in Govern- ment is the BLS's Consumer Price Index, the figure that tells the cost of items in the weekly shopping basket and the trend of charges made by the family physician, the dry cleaner, the insurance company. Each month, BLS shoppers price 300 items in 46 cities to get the "cost-of-living" figure. Period- ically, the market basket contents are updated (they are being extensively revised for 1964) to show new shopping habits. The 1953 review of standard household items added, among others, baby food and beer. Though the housewife may use the rising CPI figure to counter her husband's complaint about her spendthrift shop- Child labor reversed: Young men who cut their education short swell ping, the figure is even more vital to many unions whose mem- the jobless ranks as today's technology demands expert training. bers have their paychecks tied to the movement in prices. Currently, some 2 million workers (down from a 4.5-million peak several years ago) have their wages raised when the

price index goes up and cut when it goes down. Another statistic currently getting more attention than any- body wants is the BLS count of the employed and the jobless. This monthly figure can cause political repercussions. Right now, with jobless totals high, the BLS count is mostly re- sponsible for labor's 35-hour-week drive. Because the figures are so sensitive, the Bureau check is subject to periodic chal- lenges on its accuracy and interpretation. In the fall of 1961, when the reliability of BLS and its long-time Commissioner, Ewan Clague, were publicly questioned, union and manage- ment leaders both defended them, and the outcry subsided. Counting jobless workers is one BLS job. Doing something about them is another. Though its brother division, the Bureau of Employment Security, handles the Labor Department's end of the state hiring centers, BLS gives them some hard mate- rial with which to work. It issues a massive phonebook-size publication called the "Dictionary of Occupational Titles" which lists and defines some 25,000 jobs in American industry, including worker aptitudes, interests, temperament and physi- cal demands required in each job. It is currently being re- vised for 1964 when more than 60,000 jobs will have been An IBM 1401 computer—a symbol of modern automation that wipes (Continued on page 44) out old jobs, creates new ones requiring brand new worker skills.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 21 STORY By R. B. PITKIN at Sebring International Auto Races PHOTOS By JOSEPH J. STEIN METZ These photos show American Legionnaires of Florida acting as official, trained, volunteer state highway police. The occasion for the photos was the series of international auto races at Sebring, Fla., last March 21, 22 and 23. Immense crowds, attracted to the small town of Sebring, posed a police crowd-and-traffic handling problem. Solution: A 3-way law enforcement team made up of ( 1 ) official state troopers (Florida Highway Patrol); (2) Amer- ican Legion volunteer patrolmen (Flor- ida Highway Auxiliary Patrol) and (3) the staff of Highlands County Sheriff Broward Coker. About 1,100 Florida Legionnaires have been organized into trained pla- toons of volunteer highway patrolmen since 1955. In that year the state estab- lished its all-Legionnaire Florida High- They're off in Sebring's big 12-hour race — and thousands pack the town. way Auxiliary Patrol (FHAP), modeled after the older all-Legion arm of the state troopers in Ohio. To the Legionnaires, the work is an unpaid, spare-time civic duty, expressing the Legion pledge to: "Maintain law and order." Before he can join the patrol a Florida Legionnaire must undergo a rigid investigation to prove his fitness and capability. After an exacting four- month training course, he may have a normal assignment to assist uniformed state troopers in highway patrol in his spare time. The Florida legislature has authorized FHAP strength at five times the number Three arms of the law to handle crowds, Henderson & visitor of the state highway patrolmen. Oc- symbolized by Trooper William Flagg, Mi- casions such as the Orange Bowi Game, ami; Legionnaire Roy Nelson, Sebring, t and Highlands County Sheriff Coker. the Florida State Fair and the Sebring common duty of the Legion Races (in addition to disasters) bring A patrolmen was to give visitors large numbers of the regulars and Legion directions, as Lucius Henderson, volunteers to one scene. Sebring, is doing above. Earl Vanatta, Director, Says Col. H. N. Kirkman, also of the Sebring Post, has a differ- Florida Dep't of Public Safety: "The ent duty (left). He explains to a Legion auxiliary highway patrolmen are visitor that even though he is a mem- available lor more than traffic work. ber of the host Automobile Racing Many of the men are trained thoroughly Club of Florida, he can't park in the to work police radio, do first aid, etc. . . . Club's VIP parking area. Vanatta, a They have helped out in plane crashes, WW2 artilleryman, now works for hurricanes, tornadoes, and at leading the U.S. Soil Conservation Service. sporting events, thereby releasing state When he had explained that the Club troopers, in many instances, to perform had saved the space for distinguished other jobs. visitors, everything was OK. "In a state that admits over 5,000 new residents a week, the Legion volun- teers have become an invaluable part of our state highway patrol." Vanatta & difficulty

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 .

One auto bridge and one pedestrian bridge gave access to the inside "paddock" spec- tator area. To prevent these bottlenecks from clogging, Legion patrolmen on duty for more than 12 hours at a stretch (below and right) maintained telephone communication between the inner and outer ends of the bridges (left). During peak rushes, one directed traffic and another stood phone duty at each end.

The Big Race Drew the Crowd There were three days of crowd-handling work at Sebring. The third day, Saturday, March 23, was the big one — the day of the 13th Annual Sebring Grand Prix of Endurance — around and around Sebring's 5.2 mile circuit from 10 a.m. to 10 p.m. A huge crowd was certain, for the Grand Prix is one of the four international auto races which count toward the annual World Speed and

Endurance Challenge awards. The others: the Targa Florio (Italy) ; the Nurburgring s«£|f§ 1,000 Kilometers (Germany) and the Le Mans 24-Hours (France) On race day, the professional and volunteer lawmen were up before the sun and (Continued on next page)

Crowd handling is one special problem after another. Legionnaire Charles Leininger (upper left) helps a locked-out owner into her car. Glenn Malonee, of Opa Locka (above), receives at the Sheriff's parking lot a car towed from another

area where it had been wrongly parked. Feeding the lawmen is another problem. Legion patrolman William H. Smith came from Okeechobee to run the Sheriff's chow hall, and (left) serves breakfast to Legion Patrolman John Zornow, who came from Post 389, Fort Myers. Appropriately, Bill Smith was an Army mess sergeant.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 23 CONTINUED Florida Legion Police

traffic started flowing into town in the dark of a pre-dawn ground fog. Seventy Legion patrolmen were on hand from Troop F, drawn from eight counties. They included 29 from Sebring and others from Posts in Clewis- ton. Ft. Myers, Bradenton and Venice. In addition, Dade County's big Troop E sent up from Miami its mobile communications center and its emergency rescue unit, along with more than 30 Legion patrolmen from American Legion Posts in and around Miami. The state troopers and Sheriff thus had over 100 trained Legion aides.

Bill Lee

Willard George (Bill) Lee, is one of the 1,100 Legion mem- Crowds rolled into Sebring in a dawn fog, and Bill Polite, of Cutler Ridge Post, Miami, bers of the Florida Highway wisely wore his fluorescent jacket and gloves for visibility. Here, sun has risen. Auxiliary Patrol whose busy life exem- plifies the extracurricular nature of their Sebring's legion platoon was work with the troopers. out in force. Days in advance Bill Lee served in Iran as an Army (left) they were briefed by Pla- Staff Sergeant in WW2. Until six years toon Commander Roy Nelson, ago he ran an office supply business in seen with map. But other Legion Rochester, N. Y., was an Ontario, N. Y., patrolmen moved in on the Seb- Legionnaire. Then he bought the High- ring job from all over the state. lands Office Supply Co. in Sebring, Fla. The Miami Troop's 5-antennaed Bill transferred his membership to mobile communications unit, Sebring's American Legion Post 74, and

manned by Miamians Don Fox is today one of its Past Commanders. and Owen Bender (below, left) His wife, Barbara, who hails from Mil- was the nerve center of law en- ford, Conn., met Bill when he was in forcement at the races. Likewise, service. She helps him in his office sup- the Miami Legionnaires brought ply business, cares for their two red- their emergency rescue unit, headed school-age children (Fred, 13 which Bill Polite shows to and Jill, 7) and is a member of the Busi- Trooper Flagg, below. Miami is ness and Professional Women's Club in 100 miles from Sebring. Sebring. Bill Lee joined the Sebring Post's pla- Platoon briefing toon of the Florida Highway Auxiliary Patrol in 1958. Last year, 25 men of the Sebring platoon logged 5,434 man-hours of training and patrol duty for FHAP. Some of the members, like Sam Mc- Connell—who keeps all the records for the platoon as its Secretary—and Roy Nelson, Sebring Platoon Commander (formerly of Dayton, Ohio) are retired, and being of service in their retirement. Bill Lee and other younger Floridians find time for patrol duty in the midst of busy lives. At the Sebring races, Bill fitted voluntary police work in with a rush of business providing office sup- plies for the Automobile Racing Club of Florida, for the use of the worldwide races. Nerve center Emergency unit press delegation covering the 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 Bill lee's business serves customers many miles from Sebring. Every Tues- §Sm supply day he visits distant customers in his station wagon. In the photo at left, he leaves his office with a typewriter for a customer in

^HffRCf FttltiflTSK Wauchula, 35 miles away. His wife, Barbara, 1* handles much of the store's buying, and, below, Bill is chiefly looking on as Barbara considers a supply order from Tampa Paper Co. salesman J. O. Macon, Jr. center. In the rear of the store, Bill has a business- machine repair shop where he operates on stubborn typewriters, duplicating machines, calculators, cash registers, etc.

BILL LI BORROWS TIME FROM A BUSY LIFE

Barbara helps at the store

The lee's have a pleasant ranch-type home, seen in the back- ground of the family gathering (below, left). Man in white shirt is Bill's stepfather, Welton Aldrich, of Rochester, N. Y. He is "grampa" to the Lee children, and built the 2V2 horsepower Go-Cart that is young Fred's pride. They also have their own small pool, in which the children plunge (below, right) while Bill fusses with barbecue makings. When the race rush was over at Sebring the Bill's daughter Jill watches, fascinated as he Fla., repairs a faulty typewriter in his office shop. family went to Venice, for a few days salt water swimming and fishing.

Family gathering Back yard life

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 2 5 4 PROCONWASHINGTON THIS MONTH'S BIG ISSUE:

Does U. S. Need A

salaried bureaucrats. Like the overseas Peace Corps, volunteers would receive only a living allowance and PRO modest terminal pay. The Corps would be limited in size to 5,000 skilled volunteers serving one-year terms Rep. Carlton R. Sickles (D-Md.) and would not grow into a gigantic project. The pro- Congressman-at-large gram would attempt to spur many other citizens to do One of the most dramatic part-time volunteer work in their communities. and creative proposals en- As is the case with the Peace Corps, it is expected acted in the last session of Con- that service in the domestic Corps would appeal to gress was the overseas Peace both retirees and recent college graduates. It would

Corps legislation. The success of this proposal makes it appeal to the idealism of our youth and the desire of logical to extend the same principle to the needy in this our senior citizens to continue to serve their country. country. In a recent poll of 9,000 college students regarding It is a sad fact that despite the great wealth of this creation of a Domestic Service Corps, nine out of ten nation, many people today, especially those in our core said they would consider joining. Among over 2,000 cities and on marginal farms, still live in poverty and elderly people who were polled, eight out of ten fa- neglect. To improve this situation I have introduced a vored the idea and three out of four desired to serve in bill to set up a domestic Peace Corps similar in opera- such a Corps. tion to the overseas Peace Corps. Under my proposal, The domestic Peace Corps could also help to alleviate volunteers would be recruited to work with the under- the shortage of social workers in this country today. privileged, mentally ill, retarded, migrant workers, and And it could do more than provide needed assistance the aged. to the neglected segments of our society. It would also The requests for these volunteers would come from serve to awaken those of us who live in comfortable local communities, have strong local support and a circumstances and have little understanding of the local financial contribution. The volunteer corpsman hardships many of our citizens encounter in their daily would assist both private and public agencies now lives. working with the needy and stimulate the efforts of We cannot remain the leader of the Free World and local communities to solve their own problems. The neglect our people here at home. The time for action program would not duplicate the efforts of local com- on this program is now! munities. There would be no people from Washington telling the local people what to do. The emphasis in this program would be on volunteer effort and the cost per volunteer would be small. The domestic Peace Corps would not be a haven for high

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this

big issue, tear out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 THE BIG ISSUES

Domestic Peace Corps?

and Frank J. Lausche, Ohio Democrat, are among many who have investigated the impact and potential CON of a domestic Peace Corps. Senator Williams disclosed that other agencies, prin- Rep. Samuel L. Devine (R-Ohio) cipally the Department of Health, Education and Wel- 12th District fare, have made sizable and questionable grants, as the time President Ken- high as $250,000, to nebulous projects of the type which Bynedy asked Congress to would be within the scope of a domestic Peace Corps authorize a domestic Peace operation. One such grant was made to a group in Corps — to be a part of the Ad- Harlem, the district of Rep. Adam Clayton Powell, ministration's vast program for youth rehabilitation whose Education and Labor Committee would consider and general social uplift through federal welfare — it domestic Peace Corps legislation. Senator Williams had already been studied at cabinet level, staffed by noted that more than half of the initial quarter-million government employees, and powerfully publicized. dollars was budgeted for personnel, not service. Moreover, this outfit became operational more than Senator Lausche's research revealed this country a month before Congress convened, and was staffed already has over 2 million "peace corpsmen," compris- by "loaners" (surplus?) from the Attorney General's ing teachers, police, welfare workers and millions of office, the Department of Health, Education and Wel- unpaid or privately employed civic and social workers. fare, Peace Corps, etc. Apparently, Congressional It is argued with weight that a glamorized organiza- authorization is obsolete under this Administration. tion of untrained but enthusiastic peace corpsmen, Even before the President's message on youth was even under local supervision, would prove disruptive; presented, a well-documented crossfire of critical op- and encourage shedding of local responsibility. Already position had developed to the plan, which initially some states and communities are asking that domestic called for a few hundred dedicated volunteers to work peace corpsmen be assigned to special welfare projects. for nominal pay among juvenile delinquents, slum Thus, takers of give-away government spoils will not dwellers, mentally disturbed, migrant workers, etc. be lacking; a domestic Peace Corps could rapidly ex- It is relatively easy for skeptics to say the domestic pand to a sprawling, costly segment of federal welfare. Peace Corps proposal has all the earmarks of a poten- The country and Congress should determine now that tial political boondoggle, is a further invasion of central a domestic Peace Corps is neither wanted nor needed. government into areas of state and community re- sponsibility, and an expansion of cradle-to-grave wel- fare state philosophy. It is easy because these and other undesirable potentialities are conspicuous in the plan. KID Senators John J. Williams, Delaware Republican,

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

IN MY OPINION THE U.S. NEEDS Q DOES NOT NEED I have read in The American Legion Magazine for July A DOMESTIC PEACE CORPS the arguments in PRO & CON on the subject: "Does The SIGNED U.S. Need A Domestic Peace Corps?" ADDRESS TOWN

1

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 27 Ready and waiting to be won!

17th annual free awards v

\ f Drawings will be held and the cars once again, the Seagram awarded Sunday, Sept. 8, 1963, Posts have donated four during the Drum and Bugle Corps handsome Ford convert- finals of the American Legion Na- ibles to the American tional Convention in Miami. Legion Convention Corp- oration ot Florida. When Here's all you have to do! 1 you win, your post wins [ 1. Send in official coupon (or mail a postcard or an extra $250, also donat- letter using coupon as guide). 2. Sign it (an unsigned entry cannot be accepted). ed by the Seagram Posts. 3. All entries must be received no later than mid- night September 6,1963. V J ^ J

No puzzle! Not a contest! No need to be at the Convention to win! |[ )j

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 donated ; Seagram Posts j

Seagram Seagram Seagram Post NO. 807 Post NO. 1283 Post NO. 658

Illinois New York California v J V J V J

The Seagram Posts or Auxiliary Legion Membership !

American Legion, P. 0. Box 36 Card No. 11

Miami 37, Fla.

j

Gentlemen: As a member of Post. American Legion, or a member of Unit. \

American Leqion Auxiliary, located in "\

( City) (State)

Please enter my name in the free drawings for the four Ford convertibles donated by the Seagram Posts to !

the American Legion Convention Corporation of Florida. Drawing to be held on Sept. 8, 1963 in Miami.

j

Name j

(Please Print) i Address

I

Signature j

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 29 on "The Play of This is the first of four parts By William S. Root the Hand." In future issues: Part II - Playing FUNDAMENTALS OF BRIDGE Trump Contracts; Part III - Defense. The Opening Lead; Part IV - Defense, After the Opening Lead.

of the things a player is Onetaught when he learns contract bridge is to play to win the The Play number of tricks needed to make his bid, and disregard overtricks until his con- tract is assured. The reward for making of the Hand more tricks than you bid for is trivial and hardly worth consideration. If you want to be a successful dummy I — player, as soon as you see the dummy Part Playing No-Trump Contracts you must look for the safest line of play to win enough tricks to make your bid. Don't even touch a card in the dummy until you have planned your play; a care- less play of a card at the first trick may cost you your contract. Every good play- er plans his play before he starts playing.

If it takes you a minute or so to plan your play, do not worry about keeping the other players waiting. You will be unpopular if you huddle every time you play a card, but not if you deliberate once or twice in the course of a hand. The method you use in planning your play is the key to better playing. When you play a hand in a NO-TRUMP CONTRACT, you should start out by counting the top winning cards in the combined hands. If you count enough top winners to make your bid, take the lead as soon as possible and cash all of your top tricks. If you do not count the spade king the finesse will lose, but You have five top tricks (one heart, enough top winners to make your bid, you will have established two extra tricks two diamonds, two clubs). On the first delay cashing your top cards, and look in the spade suit anyway and West can- trick East wins the ace of spades and for the safest possible line of play to not win enough tricks to set the contract then leads a low spade, you win with win the necessary additional tricks. before allowing you to regain the lead. your king of spades, giving you a sixth The following deal serves as a good If you play carelessly, and do not trick. You need three additional tricks illustration. Suppose you are the South coutit your tricks, you might take a fi- to make your bid, and you must get them player and get the bid for three no- nesse in diamonds and risk your contract without losing the lead—or else the op- trump. West leads the seven of hearts. —if East wins the king of diamonds and ponents will set you by cashing the rest leads a heart through your J-x, the de- of their spades. Before reading further, North (dummy) fense might win four or five heart tricks what line of play do you think gives you A J 3 2 and set the contract. the best to make your bid? V 96 chance It is true that the diamond finesse is One line of play is outstanding. At AQ J 104 * KQJ apt to net even more than nine tricks if trick two, discard a low club from West has the king, but this is a foolish dummy on your king of spades. Then play since it risks the contract. cash the ace and king of diamonds in the South (declarer) Not all hands can surely be made. hope the queen will fall (if it falls you A AQ 104 V KJ5 When you cannot find a sure way to have nine tricks). If the diamond queen make your bid, look for the line of play does not fall, cash the ace and king of 7 3 that gives you the maximum chance. clubs in the hope that queen will fall * A95 2 For example, suppose you are again (which also would give you nine tricks). You have six top tricks (one spade, the South player and get the bid for If neither minor-suit queen falls, you can one diamond, four clubs). On the first three no-trump. West leads the five of still make your bid by taking repeated trick. East plays the queen of hearts and spades. heart finesses if West has the king. you win it with your king, giving you a North (dummy) To be set you must find both minor- seventh trick. You need two additional A 8 suit queens guarded by two or more little tricks to make your bid. This hand can V A 10 9 3 cards and the king of hearts in the East be made against any defense or distribu- AK 1092 player's hand. The odds are about three tion of the East-West cards. Before read- J76 to one that you will make your bid. ing further, how would you play? The order in which I called the play The contract can be cinched if you South (declarer) is important. The discard of a club from lead a club to dummy at trick two and A K6 dummy on the king of spades is the first finesse spades: If East has the spade V Q J 5 strategic play; if instead you discard a king, repeated finesses will give you at J76 heart or a diamond, that red suit could least two additional tricks; if West has *AK 1093 (Continued on page 47)

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 , , —NEWSLETTER ^ A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU

ARMED FORCES PAY BILL PASSED HOUSE; cerning the use of amphetamine , barbiturat es WOULD ALSO BENEFIT RETIREES AND and other dangerous drugs, and has provided WIDOWS, ORPHANS OF WAR-KILLED VETERANS: him with a copy of Res. 50 of the Legion's

By a vote of 293 to 10, the House of Rep- May, 1963 Nat'l Executive Committee. . .The resentatives passed HR5555 in May, a bill resolution, mentioned briefly on page 38 which, if adopted in the Senate and enacted of this magazine, follows: by the President, would give an average in- "Whereas, it has been brought to the crease of 14.3% to commissioned paygrades attention of members of the (American and 12.6% to enlisted paygrades. . .The bill Legion) National Child Welfare Commission would also increase Dependency and Indemnity that there has been increasing use of the Compensation of some dependents of former dangerous drugs such as amphetamine and members of the armed forces who died of serv- amphetamine-like drugs, barbiturates, and ice-connected causes since part of their other habit-forming and central nervous compensation is based on a percentage of system stimulants, by high school and current military pay in the paygrade of the college students, and deceased breadwinner . . .But not all pay- "Whereas, more than half of these drugs grades would be affected, hence "some" are obtained illicitly and at exorbitant dependents ... It would similarly affect the prices, and retirement pay of military retirees since "Whereas, these drugs are dangerous to

1958, and also retirees before 1958 . . .The the physical and mental systems and are House-passed version of the bill includes habit-forming, and a specific section to provide for recomputa- "Whereas, existing legislation which tion of retirement pay of pre-1958 retirees controls sale of these drugs is inadequate, hitherto excluded from military retirement and increases concurrently with current mili- "Whereas, investigation by competent tary pay boosts... The American Legion, medical authority has proven that these the National Guard Ass'n, the Reserve drugs can be dangerous when used without Officers Association and other veterans medical supervision, now, therefore, be it organizations supported the bill as passed "Resolved, that parents and the public by the House, and had long campaigned for be educated concerning the use of these the adjustment for pre-1958 retirees... dangerous drugs and that appropriate action Their retirement pay has been chewed up be taken to see that more stringent federal by inflation by not being regularly adjusted and/or state legislation is enacted to con- along with current military pay. . .The House trol the illicit sale of these drugs with bill puts all retirees prior to 1963 in one appropriate penalties included in laws class, and provides .for retirement pay for willful violation." adjustments pegged to the Cost of Living

Index of the U.S. Labor Department. . .We do BILL TO COMPENSATE WAR not include detailed specifics at this time, DISABILITIES FAIRLY IS HR2582: since the final version, if enacted, will The bill in the present Congress that be the only meaningful version of it for its would put an end to compensating war-disabled beneficiaries. veterans at a rate less than that indicated by the official measurement of the severity LEGION SUPPORTS SENATORS of their disabilities is HR2582...A typo- ON CONTROL OF AMPHETAMINE, graphical error in "Newsletter" for April BARBITURATES, OTHER DRUGS: incorrectly listed it as HR2583...The bill The American Legion has advised Senator was introduced by Rep. Paul Fino (N.Y.) , Thomas Dodd (Conn.) of its sympathy with and would carry out the intent of Res. 157

Senate Bill 553, introduced by Senators of the 1962 American Legion Nat ' 1 Convention Dodd, Kefauver, Ribicoff and others, con- ...To determine what compensation a war

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 31 " )

disability rates, different disabilities of their new monthly compensation, before and combinations of disabilities are rated drawing the full monthly amount... The at from 0% to 100%. . .The percentage figure figure was set at 75% of the lump sum, instead is a measure of entitlement to compensation, of 100%, to average out income taxes that relative to the rate struck for 100%... might have been paid out of the lump sum. But for more than ten years, all war dis- abilities less than 100% have arbitrarily Q. I asked national Hq of The American been paid at figures less than scale so — Legion for a record of my continuous mem- that today a vet 90% disabled gets $34 a month bership in the Legion, which dates back to less than 90% compensation. . .No explanation about 1922, but was told that continuous of how such figures are arrived at has ever individual records in Nat'l Hq do not go been set forth. . .In each case, the extent back more than three years, and I should of the disability to be compensated is the refer to my old membership cards, if I kept present rating. . .HR2582 would also provide them, or to the records of my Post . . .Why dependency allowances for veterans disabled doesn't Nat'l Hq keep these records? less than 50%, as is done for veterans whose war disabilities are equal to 50%, or greater. A. Just about now, the Legion will be issuing the 75,000,000th annual membership SENATE RESOLUTION WOULD RECOGNIZE since, and including, 1920. . .Annual mem- LEGION JOB APPEAL FOR OLDER WORKERS: berships issued to the end of 1962 numbered Senator Pat McNamara, of Michigan, has 72,437,989. . .The 2,562,011th membership for 1963 would be the 75 millionth introduced Senate Joint Resolution 68, to since give official Federal recognition to the 1920... On May 23rd there were 83,722 to first week in May each year as "National go... The management of only three years' membership records at Nat'l Hq fills one Employ the Older Worker Week. . . .The American Legion has observed that week in floor that is a big city block long, and that's "only" about 8,100,000 individual that manner for some years on it s own, and records .. authorizes national Legion awards in the .Keeping 75 million records in for states to employers with good records in shape ready reference would occupy more capital outlay in space and equipment, employment practices without prejudice to and more annual expenditure in staff than their age ..." I believe the Legion's campaign

use would justify (Actually , deserves the recognition and support of the ... the 75 millionth annual membership Federal government," Sen. McNamara said on was issued sometime last fall, since 1919 memberships introducing the resolution. . .He was joined are not included in in its sponsorship by the junior Senator the above figures... They numbered about but were not from Michigan, Philip A. Hart. 600,000 recorded nationally, the Nat'l Hq having VETERANS Q&A been established only at the end of that year. Q. Since 1956, servicemen released with disabilities have been offered lump-sum PLAINFIELD, N.J. WANTS TO HEAR compensation on discharge. . .They waived all future claims if they accepted the lump FROM ITS WW2 AND KOREA VETS LIVE SOMEWHERE ELSE: sum. . .The Legion protested at the time that WHO NOW green young men with service disabilities Plainfield, N.J., is preparing a could be seriously shortchanged by accept- Veterans Plaque commemorating the names of ing, if their disabilities worsened with all its citizens who participated in WW2 the years... Has anything been done to and the Korean War. . .To make the roster as correct the wrong done to dischargees who complete as possible, it requests vets who were tempted to accept the cash settlement went to those wars from Plainfield, but now to their detriment? live elsewhere, to send their names and

credentials .. .Name , serial number, and A. Yes. A year ago (June, 1962), Public copy of separation papers, and statement of Law 87-509 was passed... It permits service- Plainfield residence on entering service disabled veterans who took the lump-sum are needed to add names to the city's present "readjustment payment" to qualify instead honor roll of 4,500 Plainf ielders. . .Write : for monthly compensation if they are other- Mrs. Garrett Smith, Chairman, Veterans' wise eligible for it... They would forego Plaque Committee, City Hall, Plainfield, 75% of the lump sum they had accepted out N.J., before July 21, 1963.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 OF THE AMERICAN LEGION AND VETERANS' AFFAIRS JULY 1963- fices as his secretary logged 386 phone- National Convention Moved calls over the first weekend, on Legion convention business. In that brief time the Orange Bowl in Miami was secured To Miami Beach, Florida for the nat'l Senior Drum and Bugle Corps finals on Sunday, Sept. 8; the The 1963 National Convention of The In announcing the selection of Miami Hotel Fontainebleau was established as American Legion, originally sched- Beach, National Commander Powers ex- the Legion Hq hotel, and its huge dining uled for New Orleans, Louisiana for pressed his gratitude not only to Miami room reserved for the National Com- Sept. 6 to 12 has been transferred to Beach for "responding so generously and mander's Dinner; Miami Beach streets Miami Beach, Florida. enthusiastically to the emergency situa- were set aside for the convention parade The dates remain the same. tion," but also to the other cities "which on Monday, Sept. 9; the Miami Beach The Convention Corporation in New have asked us to bring our national con- Convention Hall was reserved for the Orleans, unable to provide housing fa- vention to them." Normally, even a full convention meetings, and its adjoining cilities without segregation of the dele- year is short notice to a city for staging Auditorium secured for Legion staff gates, withdrew its invitation for the so huge and complex an affair as a Le- offices; Convention Corporation Hq were convention on May 20. gion national convention. Less than four established at the Venetian Isle Motel, National Commander James E. Pow- months was available in this case. ready for the Legion's staff Convention ers conducted a prompt mail vote of the Within two days of the decision, Director, William Miller, to set up shop National Executive Committee to au- Florida Legionnaires had set up The on May 28. thorize selection of a new site. American Legion 1963 Convention Cor- In five days, more than 12,000 first Invitations and inquiries were on poration of Florida, to be the respon- class hotel rooms were committed for hand, in spite of the limited time re- sible, incorporated body to manage the the convention at $4.50 and up for sin- maining, from Miami Beach, Detroit, Convention's business affairs and plan- gles and $8 and up for doubles. As most Chicago, St. Louis, Philadelphia, New ning, with Past Dep't Commander Law- of these are little changed since 1960, York City, Buffalo, Boston, Washington, rence E. Hoffman, of Miami Beach, as Hoffman noted that Departments that D.C., Atlantic City, Kansas City, Mo., president and general manager, and were satisfied with their 1960 housing Long Beach, Calif., Los Angeles, Seattle, Nat'l Executive Committeeman E. might be able to secure the same facili- Houston, Dallas and others. Meade Wilson, of Mulberry, as chair- ties without need of an inspection trip man of the board. to Miami Beach.

Miami Beach, with its vast resort Mrs. A. J. Ryan, Sr., assumed the hotel facilities, its centrally located mod- general chairmanship for the Auxiliary's FOR MORE ON ern auditorium, its familiarity with han- convention. MIAMI BEACH, TURN dling large numbers of out-of-towners The emergency situation temporarily TO NEXT PAGE on short notice, and its corps of Legion- deluged Hoffman's private business of- naires with a backlog of experience in organizing numerous past National Con- ventions (the most recent; 1960), was announced as the emergency selection on May 22. As late as the meetings of the National Executive Committee during the first week of May, no housing problems were envisioned at New Orleans, although concern had been expressed by several Departments. However, within three weeks The American Legion First District Conven- tion Corporation of Louisiana notified the National Commander as follows: "Because of circumstances beyond its control in being unable to meet the housing requirements of the National Organization of The American Legion, and with due regard for the best inter- ests of The American Legion, the City of New Orleans and the State of Louisi- ana, The American Legion First District Convention Corporation [official Legion hosts for the planned convention] re- gretfully announces the withdrawal of the invitation to hold the 1963 National Convention of The American Legion in New Orleans, Louisiana." Air View of 1960 Legion parade in Miami Beach.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 33 NEWS

Nat'l Convention to Miami Beach (Continued)

(right) of Miami Beach's Hotel Fontaine- So huge is the dining hall bleau (below) that it is the only site of the National Commander's Dinner at any convention which permits Legionnaires to bring guests without restriction. Secretary of State Dean Rnsk is the invited gnest speaker to the Dinner this Sept. 10. Photo at right shows dining hall in I960, when the late George E. Sokolsky spoke. Miami Beach Conven- tion Hall (lower right) is also shown dining the 1960 Nat'l Convention when its air-conditioned vastness housed throngs to hear rival Presiden- tial candidates John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon address the Legion Convention.

Fontainebleau dining hall — no limits

The Fontainebleau, exterior Miami Beach Convention Hall

Other memories of 1960, captured on film, included these leisure moments offered by the Miami area. The family of C. P. Powell (above) of Newport News, Va., took time off from the convention to swim in the gentle surf just off their hotel. The Seaquarium, with its leaping porpoises (right), was one of many other attrac- tions that drew a steady stream of Legion sightseers. Leaping Seaquarium porpoises

34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 :, .

NEWS

Chatfield, member of the Nat'l Pub- Baseball ican League in hits last year, was second Ben in the MVP poll. He is the 4th to receive lic Relations Commission, appointed Bobby Richardson Cited the Legion award. executive vice president and general New York Yankee second baseman manager of the Cordele-Crisp County, Bobby Richardson, who starred for three Georgia, Chamber of Commerce. years on the Legion Junior Baseball j~ ~coM™r In j)isTress_ team of Post 15, Sumter, South Carolina, j Readers who can help this com- DIED was cited on May 26 as American Legion rade are urged to do so. Baseball Graduate of the Year for 1963. Notices are run at the request of Earle W. Stark, former Dep't Adjutant Richardson received the award at home The American Legion Nat'l Rehabilita- of New Mexico (1947-51). tion Commission. They are not ac- plate in Yankee Stadium, N.Y.C., from cepted from other sources. Nat'l Commander James E. Powers, pre- Readers wanting Legion help with Fred James Bonner, Past Dep't Cmdr of claims should contact their local serv- ceding a Yankees-Senators double- Mexico (1937-41). ice officers. header. On hand was a delegation of Service officers unable to locate needed witnesses for claims develop- Legionnaires from South Carolina, in- Howard Wade Lindsey, Past Dep't ment should refer the matter to the cluding Sumter Mayor Clifton G. Brown. Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission Cmdr of Nevada ( 1958-59 ) Purpose of the award to Richardson was through normal channels, for further search before referral to this column. "To honor annually that graduate of Rt. Rev. Monsignor Patrick N. McDer- 6091st ECAR, Shrivenham, England, 1944. Men mott, Iowa, Past Nat'l Chaplain The American Legion's youth citizen- of Co. C, this outfit, are asked to contact James of ship training program who best exempli- J. Riha, 2334 South 61st Court, Cicero 50, 111., (1939-40). as they may have info to assist him in a claim. fies the principles and ideals of Amer- ican Legion Baseball." Loyd Ray Ballard, Past Dep't Cmdr of Twenty-six other Legion Baseball PEOPLE IN THE NEWS South Dakota (1951-52). graduates took part in the ballgames the day Richardson was cited. They were: Edward L. Omohundro, chief of the George Russell Wilbur, Past Dep't Cmdr Senators: Tom Cheney, Jim Coates, Veterans Employment Service, Bureau of Oregon (1922-23). Bennie Daniels, Claude Osteen, Don of Employment Security, Dep't of Labor, Rudolph, Dave Stenhouse, Ken Retzer, has been named manpower advisor on Clifford D. Cunningham, Past Dep't Marv Breeding, Ed Brinkman, Chuck temporary duty to the Bolivian Govern- Cmdr of Washington (1921-22). Cottier, Larry Osborne, Jim King, Don ment. Lock and Manager Gil Hodges. Catesby ap R. Jones, Alabama's Nat'l Yankees: Marshall Bridges, Hal Reniff Daniel W. Shaub, former Dep't Adju- Executive Committeeman in 1934-36. Bill Stafford, Ralph Terry, Stan Wil- tant of Pennsylvania, appointed state liams, Yogi Berra, John Blanchard, Clete service officer, veterans affairs section Frank H. McFarland, in California, Past Boyer, Harry Bright, Tony Kubek, Phil of the Adjutant General's office of Penn- Nat'l Vice Cmdr from Kansas. Linz, Roger Maris, Tom Tresh and sylvania. Manager Ralph Houk. Charles H. Schutz, Past Dep't Cmdr of Richardson played with the Sumter L. Eldon James, Hampton, Va., elected Michigan (1930-31). Legion team under H. N. Hutchinson president of the Legion's Child Welfare (coach) and D. B. (Skeet) James, man- Foundation, Inc. Randall C. Biart, Frank E. Southard, Past Dep't Cmdr of ager, in 1950, 1951 and 1952, during Omaha, Neb., is the new vice president. Maine (1935-36). which time Sumter won the South Caro- lina championship twice. He signed with Robert H. Patty, appointed assistant di- John L. Connors, of Connecticut, mem- the Yankees in 1953. He led the Amer- rector of the Legion's Child Welfare Div. ber, Nat'l Rehabilitation Commission.

Anthony Dominic Zehnder (1958) and Carl Howard L. Matty (1963), Post 1376, New Hart- Hulsewede, Sr. (1959), Post 180, St. Matthews. Ky. ford, N.Y. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Melville A. Brown and Edward D. Grandin Barney J. Rosen (1963), Post 1711, Levittown, (both 1962), Post 2. Augusta, Maine. N.Y. The award of a life membership to a George E. Lowell and Philip P. Resnick and Elmer J. Banta (1962), Post 1845, Conklin. N.Y. Legionnaire by his Post is a testimonial William W. Shaw and John H. Vanier (all 1962), Irl L. Hall (1962), Post 69, Seiling, Okla. by those who know him best that he Post 17, Portland, Maine. Lyle B. Chappell (1962), Post 34, North Bend, has served The American Legion well. Henry Warter (1961) and Timothy B. Corridan Oreg. Below are listed some of the pre- (1962), Post 355, Minneapolis, Minn. Earl M. Pugh and Joseph S. Rahauser and Lynn viously unpublished life membership John D. Williams (1958) and Ora C. Shelton and F. Stout and Albert Strife (all 1958), Post 46, Post [ awards that have been reported William L. Taylor (both 1961), Post 80, Kansas Chambersburg, Pa. to the editors. They are arranged by City. Mo. Harry Beard and Gordon Biehl and Edward F. States or Departments. Larry Guelker (1963), Post 300. St. Louis, Mo. Brommer and William R. Claridge (all 1962), Post Walter M. Schirra, Jr. (1963), Post 41, Oradell, 67, Pottsville, Pa. Attilio A. Binsacca and Claude E. Wendt (both N.J. John B. Sumner (1960) and John Gear and 1963), Post 32, Soledad, Calif. Max Marquardt (1963), Post 161, Passaic, N.J. Herbert R. LaRue, Sr. (both 1963), Post 433, Ernest Read (1962), Post 465, Bell Gardens, Edward Goerke (1953). Post 395, Newark, N.J. Morrisville, Pa. Calif. James N. Gormley (1963), Post 421, Hanover, Louis J. Greco (1962), Post 746, Swoyersville, Pa. W. W. Fulton (1962), Post 78, Rifle, Colo. N.J. Irving A. Dexter and Theodore B. Dexter (both Mark T. Faunce and Jay E. Forbes and Elsworth Edwin J. Apfel (1961) and George H. Beaucaire 1963), Post 19, No. Scituate, R.I. Gammill and Fenton Glancy (all 1963), Post 105, (1962), Post 100, Rochester, N.Y. Floyd Mullins and Ben H. Wilkins, Jr. and D. Julesburg, Colo. Harry Blunt and George L. Brown and William W. Wilson (all 1963), Post 43, Tullahoma, Tenn. Veder Jacobsen and Charles Karles and George H. Colgan and Julius C. Cronhardt (all 1963), Elmo O. Baldwin (1963), Post 274, Madison E. Kindler and Edward F. Kloud (all 1962), Post Post 145. Long Island City, N.Y. Heights, Va. 348, Chicago, 111. Everett K. Miller (1953), Post 222, Canajoharie, Stanley J. Vondrak and Felix P. Winiarski and N.Y. Life Memberships are accepted for Alexander Wroblewski (all 1959) and George F. Edward G. Lautz and Frank E. Oilman and publication only on an official form, Ahrens (1960), Post 419, Chicago, 111. Louis Ziehl (all 1962), Post 264, Tonawanda. N.Y. which we provide. Reports received Fred Joseph P. Murphy (1958) and Ernest L. Johnson Hetzel (1962), Post 272, Rockaway Beach, only from Commander, Adjutant or (1962), Post 495, Chicago, 111. N.Y. Finance Officer of Post which awarded Albert P. Baltz and Eugene Grossmann and Victor Gamache and Laurence Peets (both life membership. Oliver W. Hilderbrand (all 1960), Post 502, 1962), Post 278, Schuylerville, N.Y. the Millstadt, 111. Joseph P. McCrane (1957) and Maurice Amazon They may get form by sending Otho Ashley and James R. Shaneyfelt (both and Samuel Barkan and Norman Corkhill (all stamped, addressed return envelope to: 1959) and Guy Bailey (1960) and Dr. William S. 1961), Post 391, Brooklyn, N.Y. "L. M. Form, American Legion Maga- Peter Abbruzzese, Sr. Post Bronx, Dininger (1963), Post 39, Winchester, Ind. (1963), 888, zine, 720 5th Ave., New York 19, N.Y." Glen C. Shaw and I. Ed Sutton (both 1962), Post N.Y. On a corner of the return envelope 353, Farmland, Ind. Merle Hollister (1962) and George L'Hommedieu write of wish Jack M. Evans (1962), Post 168, Knoxville, Iowa. and Dalton Robie (both 1963), Post 973, South the number names you R. J. Reuvers (1962), Post 304, Eagle Grove, Otselic, N.Y. to report. No written letter necessary Iowa. Elkin Liemer and Mayer Minsky and Fred to get forms. John R. Buckner and Clarence Bush and James Phillips and Julius Rabinowitz (all 1960), Post S. Ellis, Sr. (all 1963), Post 176, Frankfort, Ky. 1072, Brooklyn, N.Y.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 35 Jersey Youth Wins $4,000 Legion Oratorical Prize

Steve Oxman, 18-year-old Millburn H.S. senior, cops Second place: Michael L. Valentine, 18, senior at Warsaw, Ind., H.S. He won national title at Eau Claire, Wis., finals. Indiana, Ari- a $2,500 scholarship and plans to study political science and law at the Univer- zona, Louisiana youths also outlast 355,000 starters sity of Indiana. Michael served as the to win college scholarships as runners-up. 1962 governor of Indiana Boys State, and attended the Legion's 1962 Boys Eighteen-year-old Stephen Alan where he hopes to major in history or Nation in Washington, D.C. The son of Oxman, of Short Hills, Millburn government, and then go to law school. Mr. and Mrs L. M. Valentine, he was Township, N.J., sponsored by His speech told "How the Constitution's sponsored in the 1963 competition by the Guy R. Bosworth Post 140, American Bill of Rights guarantees an American's John C. Peterson Post 49, of Warsaw. Legion, won The American Legion's life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness." Third place: Donald R. Rightmer, 17, 1963 National High School Oratorical Each finalist, after delivering his speech senior at Camelback H.S., Phoenix, Ariz. Contest, and the $4,000 college scholar- on the rights and responsibilities of cit- He won a $1,000 scholarship and plans ship that goes with it, when he defeated izenship under the Constitution, spoke to study law at Stanford University. The three other finalists in the 26th annual extemporaneously on the First Amend- son of Mr. and Mrs. Raymond O. Right- competition held on May 2 in Eau ment, a subject revealed to them while mer, Donald was sponsored by the Luke- Claire, Wis. They had all outlasted some on stage at Eau Claire. Greenway Post No. 1 of Phoenix.

355,000 first-round contestants. The other finalists competing in the Fourth place: Patrick J. Briney, 16, A senior at Millburn H.S., Oxman will St. Regis H.S. auditorium in Eau Claire junior at Bolton H.S., Alexandria, La. enter Princeton University in the fall. were: He went to Eau Claire alone, won a

Valentine Rightmer Briney

Winner's smile (left) on returning to Millburn (N.J.) High School (below) is no broader than that of Millburn High Principal Carl Salsbury (below, right). Runners-up at Eau Claire (above) and their scholarship winnings are: Michael Valentine, Warsaw, Ind., 2nd ($2,500); Donald Rightmer, Phoenix, Ariz., 3rd ($1,000) and Patrick Brinev, Alexandria, La., 4th ($500). Sandy-haired Steve Oxman 4

Millburn High School Principal Salsbury

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 Eugene Kopacz Oxman Mrs. Georgiana Asselin Robert Searles

PUPIL AND COACHES: Steve Oxman with Millburn High School teachers who helped him.

$500 scholarship, and says he'll be back His dentist father, Dr. Jacob H. Oxman, D.C.: Jeffrey Radowich; Hyattsville, Md. Florida: Samuel Lee Hern; St. Peters- next year. The son of Mr. and Mrs. R. L. is also President of the Millburn Board burg. Briney, Patrick plans a career in law. He of Education. France: Gary E. Dolan; Augsburg, Ger- was sponsored by the G. M. Simmons When news of Steve's national tri- many. Post 3, Alexandria. umph broke, the Newark (N.J.) Star- Georgia: 'Miss Gerry A. Perrin; Atlanta. Ledger named young Oxman "New Hawaii: Delano Young; Honolulu. Idaho: Louis E. Dobbs; Rupert. order to win the national champion- Jerseyan of the Week." In Illinois: William G. Tiemann; Peoria. ship and its $4,000 scholarship Steve Mrs. Oxman feels that Steve's han- Indiana: 'Michael L. Valentine; Warsaw. Oxman had to win seven contests, the dling of the extemporaneous subject at Iowa: "Miss Rosemary Anton; Oskaloosa. last six against all-winning opponents. Eau Claire — The First Amendment— Kansas: Albert D. Peer, Jr.; McPherson. Kentucky: David T. Rouse; Lexington. He won: "helped him a lot" to take first place. Louisiana: 'Patrick J. Briney; Alexandria. 1. Essex County, N.J. semi-finals. Wisconsin American Legion Com- Maine: Miss Merilyn Brown; Augusta. 2. Essex County finals. mander Donald P. Skelly, of Janesville, Maryland: Miss Eugenia Pelczar; Balti- more. 3. Tri-county match against cham- agreed fully with Mrs. Oxman. "All four Massachusetts: David M. Riddick; Cam- finalists at Eau Claire were terrific," said pions of Union and Morris Counties, N J. bridge. 4. N.J. state title against other multi- Skelly, "but I never heard the like of Ox- Michigan: Edward D. Zaek; Detroit. county winners. man's handling of the extemporaneous Minnesota: Miss Margaret Forsman; Min- neapolis. 5. Eastern Regional contest against subject. It was precise, tight, to-the- Mississippi: Wallace Bumette; Verona. point, masterful. All four finalists were state champs of New York, Connecticut Missouri: Bond R. Faulwell; Kansas City. put on their mettle," Skelly added, and Rhode Island. "be- Montana: Walter G. Kirkpatrick; Billings. Rossiter, 6. Eastern Sectional contest against cause Father John Principal of Nebraska: Mike Flecky; Council Bluffs, Regional champions of one-fourth the St. Regis Catholic, the host school for Iowa. Nevada: Jay E. Taub; Las Vegas. nation. the finals, had the auditorium fully New Hampshire: Irving Gordon; Marl- packed with senior and junior classes 7. National finals against the three boro. from neighboring other Sectional champions. schools. Had any of New Jersey: "Stephen A. Oxman; Short the finalists feared to speak to a big Hills. New Mexico: Miss Terry Hannon; Mori- 1963 National Champion had crowd of strangers, he would have folded The before that audience. But none did." arity. never had a formal public speaking New York: Richard E. Barbieri; Howard lesson in his life when the announcement Beach. are listed the of the Legion contest was sent to Mill- Below Department win- North Carolina: "William E. Long; New- burn H.S. by Millburn's Guy Bosworth ners in the Legion's 1963 National ton. Pleas- Oratorical Contest. They went on to the North Dakota: Loren J. Anderson; American Legion Post last winter. Prin- ant Lake. regional eliminations. Regional winners, cipal Carl Salsbury turned the announce- Oklahoma: James E. Edmondson; Mus- marked with asterisks ( competed in ment over to public speaking teacher * ) , kogee. Eugene Kopacz. Kopacz and two other the sectional contests. The sectional Oregon: "Miss Lindsay B. Dameille, Medford. teachers, Mrs. Georgiana Asselin and winners were the four finalists at Eau Pennsylvania: "Christopher Hartnlan; Claire. Winners are not listed for the Robert Searles, agreed to groom young Riverton, N. following Departments, which do not J. Oxman for the local competition be- Rhode Island: Edward F. Hand, Jr.; in cause, in addition to being a top student, compete the national contest: Canada, West Warwick. Italy, South Carolina: Frank G. Dunn; Con- he had successfully campaigned for pres- Mexico, Ohio, Panama, Philip- way. ident of his pines, Puerto Rico, Washington. class in the 7th, 8th, 10th South Dakota: Michael G. Goodroad; Alabama: Miss Jerri Lee Russell; Bir- and 11th grades and was currently pres- mingham. Sioux Falls. ident of the student Tennessee: John R. Stifler; Nashville. body. Alaska: John C. Sackett; Sitka. Allen; By the time their choice had survived Arizona: "Donald R. Rightmer; Phoenix. Texas: Paul D. Houston. Utah: Russell L. Stubbles; American local competition and emerged as the Arkansas: Thomas Bryan; Russellville. California: Miss Francine M. Medeiros, Fork. New Jersey state champion, all Mill- Hollister. Vermont: "Daniel P. Daley; Newport. burn suspected it had a winner. When Colorado: Edward M. Hoffman, Jr.; Lit- Virginia: Miss Roberta Small; Richmond. Steve emerged as one of the top four tleton. West Virginia: Thomas L. Craig, Jr.; finalists in the nation, his parents nastily Connecticut: Miss Hannah Achtenberg; Elkins. Waterbury. Wisconsin: "Thomas K. Zurcher; Eau procured round-trip plane tickets to Wis- Delaware: Donald E. Pease, Jr.; Wil- Claire. consin and went to Eau Claire with him. mington. Wyoming: "John R. Vorhies, Jr.; Casper.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 37 The Nat'l Executive Committee hears report of Nat'l Security Chairman William Doyle (N.J.)

4. Opposes communist speakers on college Legion's National Executive Committee and university campuses. 19. Urges Congress to approve a Congres- sional Medal of Honor Memorial, with plaques Held Two-Day Spring Meet at Natl Hq for Medal of Honor recipients. 48. Urges legislation designed to pinpoint responsibility for beatings of children. The National Executive Committee of trol of drugs which are taken for 49. Encourages legislation attacking prob- lem of mental retardation in children. held its annual "kicks" or stimulation and dan- The American Legion may be 50. Urges education of parents and general Spring meeting to conduct routine and gerous. Dr. Garland Murphy (Ark.), public on dangers of certain stimulating drugs to increasingly used by young between-eonventions business of the Child Welfare Chairman, gave the report. known be people. national organization, at National Head- Adopted with the Americanism report 51. Seeks re-appraisal of school training quarters in Indianapolis, on May 1 and was the selection of Aberdeen, S. Dak., programs to prepare those students not college bound for future employment and citizenry. 2. Most of the business was routine, and for the 1965 Legion Baseball Little Vets and Dependents all of the actions adopted by resolution World Series. It will be the 40th anni- 2. Opposes any change in income tax law are these, versary of the beginning of the national summarized below. Of two which would eliminate or reduce deductions new fields of interest explored by the baseball program at Aberdeen. for home mortgage interest and real estate taxes. Child Welfare Commission are among Below is a summary of all of the reso- 3. Urges naming new VA hospital in the noteworthy ones. These include a lutions which were adopted by NEC in Miami, Fla., "The Joe H. Adams Memorial desire for laws that will help fix respon- May, with each identified by number. Hospital." 15. Urges clarification of laws relating to sibility when a child is beaten at home National Interest civilian employment of retired members of the so that he requires medical attention; uniformed services. 1. Commends American Security Council's 16. Authorizes American Legion Life In- and a growing concern over con- poor work and recommends Legion cooperation. surance Plan to run to end of calendar year in which 70th birthday occurs. 18. Supports H.R. 5134, which seeks to provide transportation to foreign cemeteries for certain parents and unremarried widows of deceased veterans. 20. Seeks VA dental treatment for certain veterans whose discharge has been changed to "under honorable conditions." 21. Opposes recovery of certain VA over- payments. 22. Urges study of the VA's prosthetic re- search program. 23. Urges easing of restrictions on blind veterans, who are minus a lower extremity or its use, in obtaining a specially constructed home. 24. Urges amending Social Security Act to permit payment of a benefit when a similar VA benefit is also payable. 25. Urges exclusion of Dependent parents' medical and dental expenses from annual in- come figures in determining entitlement to dependency and indemnity compensation. 26. Supports waiver of service connected disability for reinstatement of lapsed NSLI under certain conditions. 27. Urges elimination of requirement that

RS ( Korea ) insurance must be converted prior to September 3 to share in special one-time dividend. 28. Opposes any proposal to separate the veterans' insurance program from the VA. 29. Seeks payment of accrued disability benefits for the month in which a veteran died to persons not otherwise entitled to benefits. 30. Supports the VA as the one-stop agency administering veterans programs. 31. Supports pension awards to widows and orphans in wartime deaths. $50,000 in three checks, concealed in bouquets of poppies, were presented to Nat'l Commander 32. Seeks VA authority to prorate dividends Powers as a gift to the Legion's Child Welfare and Rehabilitation programs from The American when insurance lapses, if this is necessary to Legion Auxiliary. Mrs. Ollie L. Koger (Kans.), Auxiliary Nat'l President, here accepts Commander maintain the insurance in force. Powers' thanks. Poppy sales were chief source of funds. 33. Urges extension of delimiting date for

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 .

— NEWS

At NEC meetings, Past Nat'l Cmdr Alvin Owsley (Tex.) expressed thanks for choice of Dallas for 1964 Nat'l Convention, reported, left, by Convention Chmn James V. Demarest (N.Y.) Below: Clarence Horton (Ala.), Legislative; and Daniel O'Connor (N.Y.), Americanism, reported as Commission chairmen for the first time. Guest John R. McKone, Cap't, USAF, told of being shot down over interna- tional waters and imprisoned by the Russians. C. A. Tesch, former W. Va. school administrator, and retiring Legion staff Americanism director, got a standing ovation.

Owsley Demarest veterans to apply for correction of service records. 34. Urges extension of the disability income provisions in NSLI to cover total disability to age 65. 35. Recommends that proceeds of USGLI and NSLI shall not be subject to Federal estate tax. 36. Urges study by National Research Council, in cooperation with the VA, of former prisoners of war, to observe consequences of Horton O'Connor Tesch malnutrition, brainwashing, and other factors, for considerations of benefits. 139th Inf, Co B (WWI)-(Oct.) William F. Vendel, 37. Urges VA Administrator to provide ^lllllllllllllllllllltllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMlllllltlinilllllMIIMIMIIinillllllllllllllllll'A' P.O.Box 391, Oskaloosa, Kans. adequate contact service for veterans and 148th Arm'd Sig Co-(Sept.) George A. L'Homme, survivors. 65 Prospect St., Norwich, Conn. OUTFIT REUNIONS 160th Post Co-(Aug.) Mildred V. Allibonc, 45. Opposes legislation proposing to grant WAC 93 N. Warrington Rd., Des Plaines, 111. veterans' benefits to veterans of service in the ^iiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiii^r 179th Inf Reg't, Tank Co-(Oct) Robert M. armed forces of allied nations. Reunion will be held in month indicated. Adams, Box 431, Healdton, Okla. 46. Seeks a change in bed-use plan at VA For particulars, write person whose address 185th Ord Depot Co-(Aug ) John Martz, Jr., 521 Hospital, Togus, Me. is given. Walnut Rd., Steelton, Pa. 47. Updates language of resolution author- Notices accepted on official form only. 252nd Field Art'y Bn-(Sept.) Arthur E. Mertens, St., Milwaukee 13, Wis. izing National Convention Rehabilitation Reso- For form send stamped, addressed return 170 N. 70th 274th Arm'd Field Art'y-(July) Bernard Gerschutz, R. Form, Legion lutions Screening Committee. envelope to O. American 990 Lynn Ave., Napoleon, Ohio. of vet- Fifth Ave., York 19, N.Y. 52. Urges expansion of care aging Magazine, 720 New 301st Trench Mortar Bat-(Oct ) Walter F. Welch, erans in VA hospitals and domiciliaries. Notices should be received at least four 213 Gwen Rd.. Meriden, Conn. 53. Opposes any decrease in veterans' bene- months before scheduled reunion. No writ- 308th Engrs (WWI)-(Aug.) Leo C. Brown, 49 fits program. ten letter necessary to get form. Drury St., Dayton 3, Ohio vol- 309th Engrs II)-(Oct.) George Stoner, 58. Opposes proposals for judicial review Earliest submissions favored when (WWI & ume of requests is too great to print all. P.O.Box 52, Manchester, Tenn. of decisions of the VA. 312th Field Art'y (WWI)-(Oct.) W. C. Linthicum, Pa. Internal Matters 5339 Hadfield, Philadelphia 43, ARMY 332nd Field Remount Sqdn (WWI)-(Aug.) Oscar 5. Urges the Internal Affairs Commission 1st Arm'd Div-(Aug.) John F. Petkovich, De Murphy, Rogers, Tex. of The American Legion to give greater time Vassie Rd., McKees Rocks, Pa. 337th Inf Reg't, Hq Co (WWII)-(July) Bill Mitchell, Jr., 2332 21st St. S.W., Akron 10, Ohio. and attention to a revitalized membership plan 1st Band, Barrage Balloon T C (108th Medical Reg't 339th Field Art'y, Bat D-(Sept ) B. F. Miller, Rt. of operations. Band, 154th Ground Forces Band)-(Aug.) Allen Heft, 5018 N. Mozart St., Chicago 25, 111. 3, Osceola, Iowa. 6. Amends procedures of Membership and Goetze, 1st Medical Reg't— (Aug.) Quentin Werpy, Ada, 389th Field Art'y, Bat C-(Oct ) G. M. Post Activities Committee. Minn. 6276 Charlotteville Rd., Newfane, N.Y. Transit 8. Amends Uniform Code of Procedure 5th Div-(Aug.) John H Pflaum, 170 Evergreen, 489th AW AAA Bn-(Aug.) Roy Steele, 13 Dr., McKeesport, Pa. for the Organization of National Conventions Elmhurst, 111. 531st Shore Eng Reg't, Co E-(July) Ralph Gwinn, of The American Legion. 6th Engrs (WWI)-(Aug.) Eric A. Scott, 2122 Bridge, Va. O'Day Rd Ft. Wayne, Ind. Box 188, Meadow W. 9. Amends rules of National Executive P.O.Box (July) H. Drennan, 11 Burnham 609th Tank Dest Bn-(Sept ) Don A. Vogt, Committee. 13th Corps— Donald Rd., Wenham, Mass. 142, Geneva, N.Y. 2617 12th 10. Supports plan to have an American 16th Gen. Hosp.-(Oct.) James Erfley, 4984 Aspen 743rd Tank Bn-(Aug.) Karl R. Mory, So., Minneapolis 7. Minn. flag flown over the remains of the USS Utah. St., Munhall, Pa. Ave. Vine, 11. Urges Postmaster General to insure 19th Rwy Engrs-(Oct.) H. R. Jefferson, 5706 816th Aviation Engr Bn-(Sept.) George W. Ave.. Albany 5, N.Y. printing national Woodland Ave., Philadelphia 43, Pa. 93 Waterman on postage stamps our motto, L. Kalanquin, 21st Light Rwy Engrs (WWI)-(Oct.) George B. 864th H.A.M. Ord Co-(Sept.) Melvin "In God We Trust," whenever feasible. Rd., Lapeer, Mich. Whitfield, 192 Broad St., Eatontown, N.J. 1451 N. Mapleleaf 12. Amends and clarifies the Legion's Man- 26th Engrs (WWI)-(Oct.) W. Wilbur White, 15217 993rd Treadway Bridge Co-(Sept.) Robert L. Chapman, ual of Ceremonies, pertaining to display of the Forrer Ave., Detroit 27, Mich. Stillwagon, 138 E. 5th St., Box 40, flag. 31st Field Hosp.-(Oct.) Tony Tamberlo, 133-49 Kans. Balloon Corps-(Oct.) Ora Saunders, 322 North 13. Supports HJ.Res. 193, which would 126th St., South Ozone Park, N.Y. 31st Rwy Engrs-(Sept.) Roy Roepke, 12912 Malena Clinton PI., Kansas City 23, Mo. provide for establishment of a Freedom Train associated units Dr., Santa Ana. Calif. Fort MacArthur Coast Art'y & II Commission. Hardy, 2136 N. 32nd Div-(Aug.) Frank O. Todish, 1419 Hazen St. (WWI)-(Sept.) Oliver C. 14. Approves terms of royalties and expen- Dr., Los Angeles 28, Calif. SE., Grand Rapids 7, Mich. Beachwood School, ses attendant upon planned publication of 34th Div, 135th Ambulance (WWI)-(Oct.) Norman Massachusetts Military Academy (Tng Vol. Militia)-(Sept.) Charles J. Tinkham, "The History of The American Legion." F. Gludt, 483 Marshall Ave., St. Paul 2, Minn. Mass. Mass. 17. Approves American Legion Life Insur- 38th Div, 113th Medical Bn-(Aug.) Gordon R. 925 Commonwealth Ave., Boston 15, Medical Corps, Columbus Barracks, Ohio-(Oct) ance administration expenses. Lucas, 407 W. Jackson St., Rensselaer, Ind. Const Bn-(Sept.) Rev. M. R. Putnam, Brethren, Mich. 38. Approves routine business matters of 46th Engr Lowell K. Albright, College Mound, Mo. Southwest Pacific Finance (WWII)-(Aug.) Harold Legion III. Emblem Sales Division. 66th Art'y CAC (WWI)-(July) George A. Duval, F. Levy, 1619 N. Clybourn Ave., Chicago 14, 39. Approves routine business transaction of P.O.Box 303, Woonsocket, R.I. NAVY American Legion Magazine. 70th Engrs, Light Pontoon Co-(Oct.) David W. 1st Marine Div-(Aug.) E. C. Clarke, Box 84, 40. Approves dues increase for The Sons of Russell, Lake Pine RD 2, Marlton, N.J. Alexandria, Va. The American Legion. 82nd Div (WWI)-(Oct.) Thomas J. Conway, 28 1st Marine Div (West Coast)-(July) H.J. Woessner, East 39th St., New York 16, N.Y. Recruit Depot, San Diego, Calif. 41. Approves change in formula for mem- USMC, Marine 83rd Inf Div-(Aug.) Harry Lockwood, 43 Oakland 6th Seabees-(Oct.) Frank Krakau, 1733 Selkirk St., bership incentive goals. Ave., Jersey City 6, N.J. Toledo 5, Ohio. 42. Urges continuation of Regional Mem- 87th Inf Div-(Oct.) Jack M. Dalton, 4095 S.O.M. 93rd Seabees-(Aug.) R. Klinger, 4104 N. O Dell, bership Conferences in 1964. Center Rd., Chagrin Falls, Ohio. Chicago 34, 111. 43. Recommends setting up of Department 88th Inf Div-(Aug.) C. W. Waters, Jr., 105 David 97th, 108th Seabees-(Aug.) Percy Sharp, 118 S. American Legion Colleges. Dr., Havertown, Pa. Story St., Appleton, Wis. 94th Sig Bn-(Sept.) Joseph DiMuzio, 376 S. Bon Medical Research Unit (WWII, plus Army 44. Approves suspension of Legion mem- #2 Air Ave., Youngstown, Ohio. personnel)-(Oct.) Dr. Robert H. Jackson. 10607 mership with nonpayment of dues February 1 by 109th Engrs (WWI)-(Oct.) F. W. Rockwell, 1815 Miles Ave., Cleveland 5, Ohio. 54. Amends constitution of The Sons of Ave. E, Council Bluffs, Iowa. North Sea Mine Force (WWI)-(Oct.) Jacob J. The American Legion. 110th Ammo Train, Co G (see 110 Eng Train). Kammer, 54 Walnut Ave., Floral Park. N.Y. 55. Authorizes official uniform for The Sons 110th Eng Train (WWI); 110th Ammo Train, Co USS Bayfield (PA-337, WWIl)-(Oct.) Tony Neri, of The American Legion. G; 137th Inf, Co K-(Sept.) Ernest Sanders, 409 c/o Navy Times, 2020 M St. N.W., Washington E. Poplar St., Independence, Kans. 6, D C. 56. Permits use of dummy rifles in Junior 112th Reg't, Anti-Tank Co-(Aug) Wilfred J. AIR Color Guard Contests at National Convention. Eisenman, 111 Bissell Ave., Oil City, Pa. 463rd Aero Sqdn (WWI)-(Sept.) W. B. Scarrow, 57. Authorizes change in starting time of 131st Mach Gun Bn (WWI)-(Oct.) C. F. Vickrey, Box 6, Goodland, Kans. Junior Drum and Rugle Corps competition at Box 826, Frederick, Okla. 851st MP Guard Sqdn-(Aug.) John Van Durert, the National Convention. 137th Inf, Co K (see 110 Eng Train) 27 Dawson Ave., Clifton, N.J.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 39 KOREA - AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN WAR (Continued from page 15) remembered basic training. They re- trination in an effort to win defectors further combat flights. And in the early grouped as they were trained to do. For to communism. Of the 3,767 American days, Lt. Gen. Walton Walker, Eighth tour days and nights they fought, re- POWs who survived captivity, 3,746 Army Cmdr, later killed in a highway treated, regrouped and fought again in were ultimately exchanged for 72,000 accident in Korea, and Air Force Cmdr a running battle that cost the lives of North Korean and Chinese prisoners Maj. Gen. Earle Partridge were both 174 enlisted men and ten officers. The captured by UN forces. Twenty-one GI read the riot act by Pentagon brass. This enemy lost 12 tanks and an estimated misfits chose to remain behind to serve twosome, with Partridge at the controls, 700 men. But the enemy lost even more; their communist masters. constantly flew over the fluid front lines he lost the campaign. For the first time in the history of in a two-seater light plane to recon- Those four days and nights stalled the warfare, POWs were given the oppor- noiter enemy movements personally. invaders and bought the valuable time tunity to return home or be resettled Korea was also a tactician's war. General MacArthur required to fly in elsewhere. More than 60,000 North MacArthur's grand strategy, worked out a second battalion, supplies, additional Korean and Chinese communist soldiers when the chips were down and the battle fighting men to make up a regiment, then elected then not to return behind the situation appeared desperate, paid off in two regiments, until the entire 24th Div Bamboo Curtain. what historians are calling a military was in the line to slow the reds even But issues such as repatriation for classic. When every last fighting man was more — and buy additional time. Soon POWs were unheard of during those needed on the Pusan Perimeter, the UN other divisions followed. The UN re- gloomy early weeks of the "police ac- Commander pulled out the U. S. Marine treat slowed to a crawl and the North tion." Headlines reported retreat after provisional brigade, placed the gyrenes Koreans had to fight bitterly for every retreat, and columnists, writing from the aboard ship, and, with reinforcements mile. safety of their cloistered Washington, from the States, staged a classic end-run The enemy pushed the defenders of D.C., ivory towers, forecast total defeat amphibious invasion behind the enemy free Korea into a corner of the penin- of the U.S. and UN forces. ROK units lines at the port of Inch'on, 38 miles sula called the Pusan Perimeter. The were resupplied and re-equipped and from Seoul. Marine tanks rumbled UN Command slugged it out with its shoved into the line that was the Pusan ashore and spearheaded a lightning back to the sea. During this period of Perimeter. British warships joined the thrust that retook Seoul and severed certain defeat, when the fighting was U.S. Navy in laying down supporting North Korean communications lines. barely eight weeks old, an incredulous fire for troops dug in on the flanks The reds were cut off from all supplies pronouncement was made by General stretching to the sea. Canada, Britain, from the north. U.S. troops cracked the

MacArthur: "The enemy has lost his France, Belgium and the Philippines all tightening communist ring around Pusan chance. We have forced him to deploy promised troops. But this was to take and broke out in an attack that crushed prematurely. Soon we shall destroy time. Meanwhile, the blue and white UN the reds from two directions. Marines him!" flag became a permanent fixture in the and supporting troops attacked south Task Force Smith's brave youngsters first war fought under an international while the Pusan Perimeter's defenders contributed much to the fulfillment of banner, a war that was to see 21 nations attacked north. The communists were their top commander's prediction. This ultimately arrayed against the common caught in between. The entire North fighting unit also provided the first casu- enemy. Korean Army was destroyed within two alty list of the Korean War. It was a Men wearing general's stars com- weeks with 135,000 prisoners taken, the typically American set of names. There manded their divisions, corps, and army equivalent of the whole original red was a Tomlinson, a Kiezanowski, a Mor- from "up front." They shared more juggernaut. rissey, a Rolek, a Brown and a Selig. dangers with their men than any group This sudden change in the fortunes They came from all over the country — of military leaders in ground warfare of war — from near certain defeat to Westfield, Mass.; Oakland, Calif.; War- before them. Time and again General complete victory — took the UN army ren, Ark.; Kalamazoo, Mich.; Clear- MacArthur flew on personal inspection deep into North Korea. water, Fla.; and Baltimore, Md. That tours from Japan to Korea and landed Near the end of October, 1950, GIs first list also included the name of 19- within the sound of gunfire, at a time planted the American flag on the frigid year-old Pvt. Kenneth Shadrick of Skin when enemy air strikes were frequent. wastes overlooking the Yalu River di- Fork, W. Va. - the first Gl killed in ac- The 24th Div commander, scrappy Maj. viding North Korea from Red China. tion in Korea, hit when he fearlessly Gen. William F. Dean, displayed sheer The victory refrain in November, 1950 popped out of his foxhole and aimed an guts after Taejon was cut off by the reds. was "Home by Christmas." ineffectual 2.35 bazooka at an oncom- His units were slowly pounded to pieces But within 24 hours the scent of vic- ing Stalin tank. A burst of machinegun by the enemy, and after five days of tory was fouled by the odor of another fire caught him in the chest. He died around-the-clock attacks, Dean finally impending defeat. instantly. committed his last manpower reserve to In the hills of North Korea, bugles All told, there were 15 names on that the battle for Taejon — himself. He led shrieked on the night of November 25 first casualty list - four officers and 11 a bazooka team against a Stalin tank — exactly six months after the conflict enlisted men. There were also young rumbling through the streets. The tank began— and hordes of Red Chinese sol- GIs and officers captured by the reds. was knocked out and so was Dean; he diers swarmed out of the hills. An en- Fanatic North Korean officers ordered was taken prisoner and spent three years tirely "new war" had begun against a American prisoners shot. Those who in captivity. The day after his capture new enemy. were not shot on the spot participated another American division landed in The key to the survival of the Eighth in a "death march" that equaled the tor- Korea. The 24th Div commander had Army and the Tenth Corps rested on a ture experienced by American prisoners personally paid for the time he bought. single snow-capped hill north of the of the Japanese after Bataan fell in early Fifth Air Force Cmdr Lt. Gen. Glenn Chongchon River. The Red Chinese 1942. Those who survived the North O. Barcus piloted a Sabrejet on 12 dan- slammed into the UN forces with devas- Korean atrocities underwent a strange gerous missions to Mig Alley until his tating effect. The U.S. Marines began experience in the annals of modern war- superiors in the Pentagon learned of his their classic retreat from the arctic fare. Their captors tried political indoc- action and ordered him grounded from heights surrounding the Chosin Reser-

40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 voir, through sub-zero temperatures and from foxhole to foxhole, Captain Desi- lowed in the footsteps of Easy Co's late driving blizzards, carrying their dead out derio implored the Easy Co men to hang captain. His name was Lewis Millett, an with them, to the North Korean port on. "Just hold until first light," his voice artilleryman turned infantry officer. He of Hamhung. An evacuation fleet confidently called out. 'We'll be all took over Easy Co in early 1951 after the awaited. The entire withdrawal was right if we hold. Remember, first light Red Chinese offensive carried the com- made possible by a lowly company com- . . . first light." munist flag back into Seoul and beyond mander, Capt. Reginald Desiderio. A bullet slammed into his shoulder, to the south. The "Wolfhounds" were in Captain Desiderio, commanding offi- but he continued to make his rounds, reserve and Captain Millett beefed up cer of Easy Co, 2nd Bat, 27th Inf Reg, peptalking the men at each machinegun his company with raw replacements. He had instantly evaluated the situation. If position and the lonelier men huddled also was partial to cold steel and man- the enemy reached the hill first, the re- in single foxholes on the perimeter. Bul- aged to scrounge hard-to-come-by bayo- treat route would be blocked and the lets winged him in each thigh. He then nets for every man in the outfit. Then he UN army would be destroyed trying to crawled from one position to another. taught them how to use the blade at the run a fiery gauntlet of death. There was He caught mortar shell fragments in his end of an M-l, his favorite weapon. no time to send a runner to his battalion back, and another bullet clipped his left On February 7, 1951, while person- command post or even notify the "Wolf- knee shortly before dawn. He dragged ally leading Easy Co in an attack against hound" CP. He raced Easy Co up the himself slowly to his men, bolstering a strongly held enemy position, he spot- slippery slopes and ordered his men to their determination to hang on. "Re- ted his First Platoon pinned down by dig in. Desiderio was an old China hand member, first light," he groaned. He ral- heavy fire. He ordered his reserve Third from WWII and he knew what to ex- lied the 72 survivors of what originally Platoon into action with the grating pect. He bluntly warned his men to pre- was a 200-man rifle company until a words: "Fix bayonets!" He jerked his pare for an all night attack. mortar shell whooshed in, snuffing out knife from the scabbard at his hip and

Shortly after midnight, 5,000 enemy the life of Easy Co's "Old Man." Dawn clamped it to the barrel of his M-l. The troops stormed the hill behind a mas- broke and a sudden quiet blanketed the Third Platoon GIs did likewise. He sive artillery and mortar barrage. Well- hill. Easy Co's exec, a young West Point- hand-signaled the platoon to fan out, emplaced machineguns and grenades, er fighting in his first war, crawled to his raised his rifle above his head and shout- lobbed down the slopes, chewed into the captain's side. But he was too late. He ed a third word: "Charge!" mass of screaming Chinese swarming up cradled Desiderio's body in his arms. Zig-zagging across the open terrain, the hill, mowing them down by the hun- "Captain," the surviving officer sobbed, with rifles held at high port, the Third dreds. Beneath the cold light of occa- "it's first light and we're still holding. Platoon dodged a barrage of mortar and sional flares, GIs sickened at the carnage. They're gone, just like you said." artillery fire. As they closed in with the Blood and gore turned the snow and Desiderio was posthumously awarded pinned-down First Platoon, the dogged ice-blanketed slopes a slushy scarlet and the Medal of Honor, one of the 131 GIs hugging the ground up ahead took then a dark muddy red, making the Americans to win this country's highest heart at the sight of their charging bud- slogging climb even more arduous for decoration in Korea. In one of war's dies. They, too, fixed their bayonets the enemy assault forces. Scrambling strange coincidences, another hero fol- and, as the Third Platoon passed through

Capt. Eddie pH JB Rickenbacker invites you to fly Eastern to the Miami Convention

Eastern offers Legionnaires more flights to Miami than Travel Agent or call your local Eastern office. And for any other airline... direct and connecting flights from post-convention side trips and special group-travel ac- 117 cities in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico commodations, write to: Group Sales Dept., Eastern and Bermuda. For immediate reservations, see your Air Lines, 10 Rockefeller Plaza, New York 20, N. Y. AIR 1 LINES THE NATION'S MOSTPROGRESSIVEAIRLINE KOREA - AMERICA'S FORGOTTEN WAR asked for the cease-fire. When this com- ful effort to avert mass escape. Eighty (Continued from page 41) munist propaganda trick became appar- thousand red prisoners had planned to their positions on the run, the First ent to American officers assigned to break out, overwhelm their U.S. Army escape to Platoon GIs leaped to their feet. With negotiate a cease-fire, they refused to and South Korean guards, and piercing, bloodthirsty whoops, the two meet again at Kaesong. The talks were the nearby mainland to renew the fight- platoons continued the charge up the reopened in the village of Panmunjom. ing as guerrillas. But the plan was From July until thwarted by Boatner, and his reinforce- steep slope. They made it to the top. 10, 1951, the cease- fire took effect ments maintained control of Koje Island. It was probably the bloodiest hand-to- more than two years later, hand encounter in the Korean War. In the enemy used this time to build a In the skies, rampaging American the fierce charge, Millett bayoneted two virtually impregnable line across the pilots flying the workhorse F-86 Sabre- enemy soldiers and boldly slashed his peninsula. The last two years of the fight- jets tangled with the enemy in hundreds way across the crest, hurling grenades ing have been called "the talking war"; of dogfights. The reds were flying faster and clubbing the reds with bone- trench warfare took over. There were and more maneuverable built-in-Russia shattering butt strokes. The enemy had fierce isolated battles at Bunker Hill, Mig fighters, but better plane perform- no stomach for this kind of fighting. Heartbreak Ridge, and Pork Chop Hill, ance was no match for the expert train- Those who survived — and 87 of them White Horse Mountain and Sniper ing given American pilots. Uncle Sam's died horribly — turned tail and ran in aces accounted for 839 Migs destroyed, what Millett's official Medal of Honor 154 probable kills and 1,020 propeller- citation calls "wild disorder." His bayo- driven planes blasted out of the blue. net charge has been described by Brig. This represented a whopping total of Gen. S. L. A. Marshall, the military his- about 2,000 enemy pilots killed. The torian, as the only true bayonet engage- battle of the jets produced two American ment by American soldiers since the triple aces with 16 and 15 planes shot battle of Cold Harbor during the Civil down respectively, and a third runner-up War. with \AVi kills. (Credit is halved when The UN forces fought their way back two pilots participate in the same kill.) north during the spring of 1951. The Pantherjets and WWII vintage Cor- Red Chinese counterattacked at one sairs proved their worth time and again point and another strange hero evolved in close-support missions required by from this battle on the heights overlook- the fighting men on the ground. The ing the Imjin. Cpl. Hiroshi Miyamura, B-29s that had battered Japan to her a boyish-looking Japanese-American knees during the closing months of WW squad leader, covered the withdrawal of II were taken out of storage to fly mis- his platoon by electing to stay behind sions against targets in North Korea. and man a machinegun. He killed more But the plane vs. plane battles drew the than 50 enemy soldiers as he slowly with- headlines as American fighter pilots in drew during a night-long running battle. the Fifth Air Force racked up an im- But he stayed behind too long. His pla- pressive 13 to 1 ratio of enemy planes toon escaped but he was captured. For destroyed. The U.S. Air Force lost a total of 94 in aerial combat be- the first time in U.S. military history, a "Now, after taking your foot off the brake, planes ." Medal of Honor citation was written up, step on the gas pedal gently . . tween jet aircraft. stamped Top Secret, and filed away. It THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE If the Korean War has been forgotten was felt that Miyamura's life might be by some, underrated by others, dismissed endangered if his captors learned he had Ridge. Despite these sudden flareups, by still others, the fact remains that it won the nation's highest military decora- where a hilltop or a few yards of slope was our first attempt to stop the reds by tion for killing at least 50 Chinese. changed hands, the talking continued force of arms, and it stopped them. The Hiroshi Miyamura became the nation's at Panmunjom. fact also remains that it ranks among first secret war hero. He was finally award- The armistice talks were bogged down our greatest three foreign wars in his- ed his Medal after he was repatriated. by the issue of how many prisoners tory, and that the men who fought it But repatriation was just a word in the would be returned. Red guerrillas also waged as bitter and tough a war as any dictionary in May 1951. That's when took their toll in the mountains of South American fighting men have ever fought. the Soviet delegate to the United Nations Korea. All this was part of an incredible The United States, caught unready as suggested that an armistice might be master plan that was supposed to culmi- usual, fielded a hard-hitting, heavy shoot- worked out if both sides agreed to dis- nate in a mass breakout from the pris- ing and victorious army in Korea, even cuss the matter. The war was almost a oner of war compounds on Koje Island if it did have to put more than a million year old and Red China's army was off the port of Pusan. Escaped communist WWII vets under arms in their second virtually on the ropes. It was expected POWs were to join the guerrillas in the war; even if, when their sons and kid then that the talks would last two or mountains and open a second front. It brothers relieved them, they had to fight three weeks and an armistice would be was an audacious plan and almost suc- their war with the obsolete equipment signed. But the request had another pur- ceeded. and weapons of another era. The veter- pose. The enemy needed time to dig in. The POWs kidnapped the camp com- ans of Korea can be proud, too, that By stalling the armistice negotiations, mander, American Brig. Gen. Francis T. their strange war has taught this nation he'd get his needed time. This was the Dodd, and held him hostage for nearly that it doesn't pay to demobilize and enemy strategy that couldn't be fathomed four days, until mild-looking Brig. Gen. stack arms as soon as the shooting stops. at the time. At the request of the North Haydon L. Boatner, paradoxically nick- The Korean War also pointed out the Koreans, truce talks began in the town named "The Bull," broke up the prison need for a mobile striking force. Thanks of Kaesong just across the 38th Parallel camp conspiracy and rescued General to the gallant men who fought a strange in North Korea. The reds put out a Dodd. General Boatner, a Chinese- war in a lost corner of Asia, the United story that the "imperialists" would meet speaking authority on Asia, cagily States has discovered what it takes to in Kaesong because the communist vic- bought time and played the North Ko- survive — a fighting force always ready tors wished it, and that the Americans reans against the Chinese in his success- for combat. the end

42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE JULY 1963 . "

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 4 3 OUR CHANGING JOB PROBLEM (Continued from page 21) studied. The revision drops obsolete jobs, starting at age 11. Neither finished high State, was foremost a social worker. Her while adding such new tongue-twisters school.) Exploitation of children wasn't interests lay in the broad needs of people, as those that former Labor Secretary the only irritant behind the campaign for not in the limited, more technical inter- Arthur Goldberg recited to Congress— a Department of Labor. Fifty years ago, ests of the Labor Department. She said "transistorized circuitry, inertial guid- seven-day workweeks were common, and at the time: "Discussions as to whether ance, ferrett reconnaissance, gyrody- many labored 72 hours a week. "The or not the Government's labor policy re- ." namics. . . wage earner," Billy Wilson told Con- quires the formation of vertical or hori- In spite of the new vocabulary of auto- gress when he took office in 1913, "bar- zontal unions, or whether the Govern- mation, the problems that Labor Secre- gains for work in a glutted labor market." ment will force collective bargaining or tary Wirtz faces today don't sound very As early as 1864, William H. Sylvis merely permit it, are, on the whole, aca- different from those of 35 years ago. At forwarded to Congress a plea from his demic. Labor policy ... is a program of that time, the nation's second Labor National Labor Union that "because action which the people who earn their Secretary, James J. ("Puddler Jim") labor is the foundation and cause of na- living as wage earners and those who

Davis, cautioned Congress that workers tional prosperity, it is both the duty and employ them in a profit-making enter- should share gains from use of new the interest of Government to foster and prise must work out together." machinery. "While this automatic ma- promote it." The best the unions could Riding the New Deal crest, the Labor chinery of production is a boon to man- do, however, was win approval from a Department helped lead the stampede to kind," Davis warned, "it has one ten- disinterested Congress for a Bureau of new federal work laws. The Wagner- dency to be watched. It lifts the heavier Labor, a fact-finding agency that was Peyser Act in 1933 built up the job-find- burden from men but it also tends to placed in the Interior Department. ing employment service, the 1935 Social relieve them of the necessity of posses- In 1888, as the pressure continued, Security Act protected the retired work- sing as much skill as formerly." Congress grudgingly gave the Bureau in- er, and weekly unemployment checks Davis' prediction may eventually dependent status. But, though its Com- were initiated. Labor unions got the come true, but what we are finding to- missioner reported directly to the Presi- green light "to organize and bargain col- day is that automation calls for brand dent, he was refused further official rec- lectively with employers." The National new skills while it reduces jobs. In Davis' ognition. In 1903, the Bureau received Labor Relations Board set up shop as day it may have been "the machine that another blow when it was moved to the labor-management referee in the swell- supplied the skill" but today it is the newly formed businessman's Commerce ing drives of industrial unions to organ- new technology that is demanding skills Department. It took another ten years ize. from the worker. before Labor was represented with Cabi- Secretary Perkins held her job for 12 The complex, sophisticated problems net rank at the White House. years, longer than any Labor Secretary that the Labor Department faces today The early Labor Department scram- before or since. In the man's world of are a far cry from those that brought it bled for its existence, fought for its the Department, "Madame Perkins" into being, such as child labor. (The first budgets and lost many battles. Not until more than held her own with the port- two Labor Secretaries were victims of the early days of the New Deal did it liest of cigar chewing union leaders who this exploitation. The United Mine take on frills, indeed petticoat frills, with had at first resented her selection. Workers' "Our Billy" Wilson went into President Roosevelt's depression-bottom With the coming of mobilization and the mines as a digger when he was nine appointment of the country's first the shadows of World War II, and while years old. His successor, "Puddler" woman Cabinet member as Secretary of other government agencies turned their Davis, got his nickname because he was Labor. Frances Perkins, though a former attention to the enemy, the Labor De- a puddler's assistant in an iron works Industrial Commissioner in New York partment concentrated on the home front. It took the lead in planning de- fense manpower policies, in controlling industrial disputes, in promoting safety measures to help prevent accidents in war plants.

At the war's end, it assumed the job of seeing that the returning serviceman had a job waiting for him. Under the Veterans' Employment Service (VES) which had been revitalized at the insist- ent pressure of The American Legion in 1929, the Department urged "that veterans shall receive the maximum job opportunity in the field of gainful em- ployment." The results are impressive. Since World War I, 24 million veterans have been placed in jobs, including some 2 million disabled veterans. The Veterans' Employment Service is a special arm of the U.S. Employment Service, a division of Labor's Bureau of Employment Security. Headed by Ed- ward L. Omohundro, VES has a 12-man staff in the Labor Department and a federal Veterans Employment Repre- sentative in each state, D.C. and Puerto "He's got something on his fastball . . . I think it's peanut butter and jelly." Rico. The actual job-finding work for THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE veterans (no charge) is done in the local

44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 offices of the State Employment Services, er, it may also refer the veteran to the of which there are about 1,800. Hardly Justice Department, which, if the case a county in the United States is without has merit, will prosecute for the veteran one. In return for federal grants, these at no cost to him. state employment agencies follow uni- The Bureau services about 50,000 form federal practices, including giving queries a year, enters as a mediator in priorities to veterans in search of work, about 9,000 cases, of which less than and special priorities to disabled veter- 80 usually go to court. Today, most of AN IMPORTED RING OF DISTINCTION of STER- ans. federal Representative The VES its work involves recently discharged LING SILVER. Made by Silver Craftsmen of Old also stands by to counsel job-seeking vets servicemen, but questions from WWII Mexico. Only $7.50 each, any style. With heavy 14 kt. gold overlay on initials, just $2.00 extra. and to assist in and evaluate the state and Korea vets still come up, chiefly in If ring size is not given with order, we'll make in an adjustable offices' efforts to find jobs for veterans. the area of job rights based on seniority, size that fits any finger. Send check or Money Order* to: (A veteran who seeks this service may such as fringe benefits, retirement and F. H. GREGORY Cia. look in his phone book under Veterans' vacation time, which center on counting REF0RMA 95, DESP. 218 Mexico 1, D.F., Mexico *U.S. Mailing address: P.O. Box 1628, McAllen, Texas Employment Service. If not listed, the military service of more than ten years nearest office may be in a neighboring ago toward current job seniority. town. A Legion Post Service Officer or The Bureau's field offices and the ter- Improved Helps Relieve Pain someone in your town hall can direct ritories they serve follow: EZO you to the nearest office.) Boston (all New England) ; New York of Pressure and Slipping of When employment began slowly to City (N.Y., N.J.); Chambersburg (Pa., fall off in the sixties, the VES got deeper Del.); Washington (D. C, Va., W. Va., T into helping the job-hunting veterans. Md.); Atlanta (Ga., Fla., Ala., Miss., Chew in comfort with NEW, SOFTER Surveying the job applications of 610,- P. R.); Columbia (S. C, N. C); Cleve- EZO DENTAL CUSHIONS 000 veterans, the Bureau drew a "pro- land (Ohio); Detroit (Mich.); Louis- file" of the modern day jobless service- ville (Ky., Tenn.); Chicago (111.); In- Grips Dentures Firmer, Quicker! man which revealed that he, as well as dianapolis (Ind.); Minneapolis (Minn., Helps Keep Seeds Out any other worker, could be bitten by Wis., N. D., S. D.); Dallas (Tex., Helps Ease Pressure on Gums Helps Plate Fit Snug the automation bug. Among the trouble Okla.); New Orleans (La., Ark.); Kan- Helps Prevent Clicking spots: one-third of the applicants were sas City (Mo., Iowa, Nebr.); Denver Ask for New EZO Heavy Gauge Cushions! unskilled and needed additional training; (Colo., Kans., Wyo., N. Mex., Utah); AT YOUR FAVORITE DRUG COUNTER 60c 37% were in the critical 35-44 age San Francisco (Northern Calif., Hawaii, bracket which indicated insufficient job Nev.); Los Angeles (Southern Calif., EARN becTAX CONSULTANT seniority; one-third fitted into the chron- Ariz.); Seattle (Wash., Ore., Idaho, Our students earn lucrative fees in 3 income ically MORE month busy tax season preparing unemployed because they had less Mont., Alaska). tax returns in spare time — and operate than an eighth-grade education. profitable Business Tax Service yielding steady [One of The American Legion serv- monthly fees of $10-$50 per client, year 'round. Enjoy professional standing in dignified full or part The Department is equally helpful to ices to veterans is to help them make time home-office business. No experience necessary. the veteran who returns the We train you at home and help you start. Write from armed necessary contacts with VES and BVR, today for free literature. No agent will call. State forces to his job. Approved Course. old Sometimes he needs with which the Legion is in close con- UNION INSTITUTE, Lakewood, 17-B, New Jersey back-up support when facing the boss tact. More details with respect to vet- to see that he really gets his seniority, erans' employment rights can be found promotions, pay increases, vacations and in the last section of the Legion's Man- FEET or TOES ITCH? Beware! Athlete's Foot Starts Just That Way! the other job-rights that he retains v\jhile ual for Post Service Officers (Part B). Get Dr. Scholl's Solvex at once. in service. In the Legion, vets' jobs come under its Stops intense itching right off. Instantly nils fungi on contact; The Bureau of Veterans' Re-employ- national Economic Commission, while helps heal red, raw, cracked or peeling skin. Sold everywhere. ment Rights (BVR) has 65 full-time most other vets' rights come under the employees, including Director Hugh W. Rehabilitation Commission.] DrScholls SOLVEX Bradley. Bradley and a staff of 1 1 are After WWII, while the Labor Depart- in the Labor Department, the rest in 19 ment was plunged into the task of re- W LEARN field offices. BVR's mission: to make storing America to a peacetime basis, effective the MEAT CUTTIN special laws that protect GIs its fortunes began to sink again. At own Train quicUiy In 8 short weeks ac in the jobs they left for military Toledo for a bright future with security service. the outbreak of postwar industrial dis- In the vital meat business. Big pay, full-time jobs —HAVE A PROFITABLE The Draft and Reserve Acts of 1940 in MARKET OP YOUR OWN1 Pay after putes 1946, Congress became angry, graduation. Diploma given. Job help. Iff Thousands of successful graduates. Our were the first laws to guarantee the same and then wary, of the unmarshalled 40th year! Send now for big. new illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G. I. Approved. status their NATIONAL SCHOOL OF on return that vets would of organized labor. In it MEAT CUTTING power 1947, Dept. A-38 Toledo 4, Ohio have had in their jobs if they had not clamped tight curbs on unions through left for military service. Not a police the Taft-Hartley Act, which stated, in Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY agency, the Bureau's main task is to be essence, that unions as well as manage- Need more money? informative. It tries to avoid controversy Earn $30-$50 ment could be held responsible for their aweek, spare time, at home mak- i ng and to gain compliance with the rubber s tamps for offices, fac- law by actions. Through the same law, Con- tories, individuals. Hundreds of giving sound uses. Hundreds of prospects— ev- advisory services to vet- gress went after the Labor Department erywhere. Right in your own com- munity. Turn out special stamps for erans and alike. It employers gives in- as well. Suspicious that it couldn't be names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., in minutes with table-top machine. We formation to the military on the job trusted to judge fairly management's in- furnish everything and helpfinance'you Write for free facts. No salesman rights of dischargees, which the military calls terests in labor disputes, Congress re- RubberStampDiv.. 1512 Jai vis Ave., Dept.R 8-HChicago26 must pass on to the men on separation. moved the Department's strike-settling It advises in individual cases, when arm, The Federal Mediation and Con- ALL PURPOSE either a veteran or an employer ques- ciliation Service, and made it an inde- tions the legal obligation of the employ- pendent agency. 3-IN-ONE OIL er to the returned serviceman. In case of President Truman's second Labor Sec- Oils Everything a controversy, it negotiates. If negotia- retary, ex-Massachusetts governor Mau- tion does not result in the veteran re- rice J. Tobin, warned that such transfers Prevents Rust ceiving his legal rights from his employ- were "administratively unsound," but REGULAR -OIL SPRAY — ELECTRIC MOTOR THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 45 OUR CHANGING JOB PROBLEMS present a growing threat to the inde- strike mediator, did much to dispel any (Continued from page 45) pendence of these countries." In coop- mistrust. His "uncanny sense of timing" both sides as the White House did little to help him eration with U.S. trade unions, the De- brought him acclaim from highly successful troubleshooter in out. When union and management giants partment started what is now an active a disputes ranging in coal and steel could not come to terms, labor link in the chain of U.S. foreign union-management industry to the Metropoli- Truman turned to his right-hand man, policy. from the steel achievements John R. Steelman, who had his own desk Mitchell's successor was high-flying tan Opera. But Goldberg's were more than the prevention of strikes. at the White House, to act as the dis- AFL-CIO attorney (now Associate Jus- His greatest score was a piece of legisla- putes settler. At this stage, much of the tice of the Supreme Court) Arthur Gold- potentially the most punch had gone out of the Labor De- berg. Goldberg's appointment once again tion rated among ever partment. raised the spectre of a Department dom- important Congress has passed— Development Train- The road back for the labor agency inated by organized labor—a suspicion The Manpower and ing Act, breaking ground to retrain (which in the Kennedy Administration which the Labor Department has tried, now the automation-displaced work force for has a prominence and prestige it never with varying results, to overcome since jobs in modern industry. Goldberg, too, before enjoyed) actually started under its founding. nursed gains in the Federal Minimum President Eisenhower and his second Its first Secretary, Wilson, sounded the Wage Law that lifted the national base Secretary of Labor, James P. Mitchell. first denials when he told Congress in pay to $1.25 an hour. (His first, plumber Martin P. Durkin, 1913 that his Department wasn't created It was more -of a quick shuffle than quit not long after his appointment.) to serve only those "associated together a turnover when another lawyer, W. Wil- Under Mitchell, the Department re- in labor unions." Goldberg echoed the lard Wirtz, assumed control after serv- gained a seat at the bargaining table and same sentiment 48 years later when, be- ing as Goldberg's deputy. His first re- in the present Administration has found fore taking office, he proclaimed, "'the mark on taking office: "1 should find it itself moved to the head of the table. interests and the work of the Labor De- the highest compliment if nobody no- While the Department has now regained partment transcend the narrow interests ticed the difference." Wirtz, however, is its stature as a disputes referee, it prefers of any particular group in our popula- different. At his first appearance before to leave the settlement of disputes to the tion. ... It is not," he asserted, "the the National Press Club in Washington, parties themselves whenever possible. It private domain of any special interest D.C., he was asked whether he thought has, for one thing, too many other group." the Labor Secretary should be a strike problems. There is, indeed, a natural alliance mediator. "No, I do not," was his blunt After assuming office, Mitchell took and mutual interest between the Depart- reply. a firm grip on the agency to shake it out ment and the influential voice of organ- Wirtz, a scholarly, reflective pipe- of its administrative lethargy. He began ized labor. And it's true that, while smoker, leans to wry humor. But he is identifying the problems resulting from union officials don't select the candidate unsmiling when he discusses manpower automation. In an equally vital area, he for Labor Secretary, they do hold an un- problems that confront his agency. The built up the Department's strategic In- official veto over the President's choice. Department's job is no longer just to pro- ternational Affairs Division to the point (Goldberg wasn't, however, on the list tect the worker. The evidence shows the where it was an influential force in deal- of six names that ALF-CIO President worker has arrived. Fifty years ago, a ing with the under-developed countries George Meany favored as possibilities production worker was paid 22 cents an of Asia, Africa and Latin America. for President Kennedy's Labor Secre- hour for an average 49.4 hours a week. Warned the Mitchell-led Department: tary.) Goldberg came out of labor's Today, he averages $2.40 an hour and ''Determined communist efforts to sub- ranks, but his work as Secretary, and works ten hours less. He earns a quart of vert and control labor organizations . . . particularly his talent and fairness as a milk in seven minutes, whereas it took three times as long in 1913. He is the most highly skilled worker in the world, with at least a high school education. He is guarded by welfare protections and spends 2D times more on recreation and leisure than the worker of 50 years ago.

The job today is to try to protect the man who wants to work—and isn't pre- pared—the school drop-out or the mid- dle-aged family bread-winner whose skills don't fit today's new jobs. "A job used to be something that a man ex- pected to have all his life," Wirtz said recently. "And our trouble today is that this is what he still expects. But this is no longer true. "This is an era of accelerated change, an age of technology triumphant, of ex- ploding population." Wirtz continued: "A joo is no longer something which most people can reasonably expect to have or to perform the rest of their lives. There is going to be a change." Preparing the worker for that change is the Labor Department's mandate for the next 50 years. THE END

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 . .

BRIDGE-THE PLAY OF THE HAND Smoke for Relief — -(Continued from page 30)- ASTH MA- HAyFEVER no longer produce three additional North tricks. A 85 try them FREE The choice of cashing the ace-king of ¥ 63 Sufferers from Asthma and the dis- comforts of excessive secretions in the diamonds before the ace-king of clubs 632 nasal passages associated with Hay Fever have, for over 60 years, found will in the right AKQ874 is to be sure the lead be * quick, temporary relief by smoking hand to take heart finesses, in case West East PAGE'S INHALERS. Pleasant, inex- pensive. At drug stores, neither minor suit queen falls. * QI 1072 A 643 or order direct from * 8 4 factory. Here is the complete deal, so you can V 197 K10 * For free samples, write see if your line of play would have made * 10854 97 Consolidated Chemical Co., * 5 * I 1092 the bid. 835A Cherry St., Grand Rapids 6, Michigan South North A AK9 SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES A 8 V AQ5 2 VA1093 AKQJ AK1092 * 63 ITCHING Torture * J76 You have ten top tricks (two spades, West East one heart, four diamonds, three clubs). Stopped like Magic You need two additional tricks and the Here's blessed relief from torture and misery of A Q 107532 * A J94 rectal itch, chafing, rash and eczema with a new V 762 ¥ K84 only chance to get them is in the club amazing scientific formula called LANACANE. This fast-acting, stainless medicated creme kills harmful suit. 84 * Q5 3 bacteria germs while it soothes raw, irritated and 842 The winning line of play is: Win the inflamed skin tissue. Stops scratching and so speeds * Q5 * healing. Don't suffer! Get LANACANE at druggists South opening lead, then lead a club at trick K6 A DRAINS cellars, cisterns, wash tubs; V QJ5 IRRIGATES - CIRCULATES - SPRAYS Type P Pump has l.OOl uses. Stainless J76 shaft. Won't rust or clogl Use 1/6 HP motor or larger. . . 34 HP for up to 2,400 * AK 1093 GPH: 450 GPH 80' high; or 1,800 GPH lfrom 25' well. 1" Inlet; 3/4 " outlet. Coupling Included free *7.9S Heavy Duty Bail-Bearing Pump. Up to 5.20O GPH: U/4" Inlet; 1" outlet. $12.95 If you cashed your ace and king of Postpaid If cash with order. Money B*ch Guarantee. Also other sizes, types. clubs before you tried any finesse, you PPLABAWCO PUMPS, Belle Mead 56. N.I. made your bid (one spade trick, one heart, two diamonds, five clubs). If you chose to take an early finesse in the MARTINS FLAGS heart, diamond or club suit, you were DISPLAYS FOR set; you were unlucky the finesse did not ORGANIZATIONS- work, but your chances were only 50-50. TOWNS-SCHOOLS-FAIRS Here is one final hand. Suppose you Prompt shipment. Ask for our colorful WHOLESALE Catalog No. 63-A are the South player and get the bid for MARTIN'S FLAG CO, FORT DODGE. IOWA six no-trump. The opening lead is the queen of spades. HOW TO PUBLISH North (dummy) Join our successful authors in a complete and reliable publishing A 85 program: publicity, advertising, V63 YOUR handsome books. Speedy, efficient service. Send for FREE manuscript 63 2 report & copy of Publish Your Book. * AKQ874 CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALS "Check that address again, will you, Mac?' BOOK 84 Fifth Ave., New York 11. N. Y. South (declarer) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE A AK9 * V AQ52 LOOK FOR AKQJ two and duck it in dummy—let the op- ponents win the trick. Upon regaining * 63 THIS EMBLEM the lead, you will have five club tricks (two additional) which is enough to The complete deal and the analysis make your bid. start at the top of the next column. But It is displayed only in a If you cash any of the dummy's high before you look up there, consider first store . . . clubs before conceding a club trick, you Legionnaire-owned how you would play the hand. need a three-two division of the suit to a member of make your bid (since there are no other entry cards in dummy, you cannot pos- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE sibly get more than three club tricks un- RETAIL ADVISORY COUNCIL CHANGE OF ADDRESS less they divide three-two)

Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box The odds are about two to one that the five missing clubs will divide three- 1055, Indianapolis 6, Ind., using Post Guns Last Longer Office Form 3578. Attach old address two. But you should not rely on a three- label and give old and new addresses two division when there is a way to Shoot Better and current membership card number. make your bid against a four-one divi- clean, lubricate, prevent rust with Also be sure to notify your Post Ad- sion. (If the clubs divided five-zero the jutant. bid could not be made, but the odds 3-IN-ONE OIL against it are about 24 to one.) SUPERFINE—WON'T 'GUM UP'

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 47 prevent breakage, he does the breaking be- fore he leaves home, and carries them in a Thermos bottle. However, if you don't Vi| ROD &> GUN® like them fried or scrambled, he suggests f~y. ' My CLUB frc^y that you cut a potato in half, hollow it out in the shape of an egg, put the egg in, and put the potato together with toothpicks. "When you want to use it," he says, "you just put the potato and all in the fire, and The Right To Bear Arms when it's done you have a baked potato and an egg as well."

One of the resolutions adopted by the a pack of cigarettes. He ties the "waist" AN OLD FRIEND is back, under happier Legion at its National Convention last Oc- around the shank of the treble, letting the circumstances. Early in WWII, the Army tober was to seek repeal of the Federal Fire- cellophane spread to cover the hooks com- Ordnance issued an urgent request for a arms Act of 1938 which controls the inter- pletely. When a fish strikes, the hooks new semi-automatic carbine. Winchester state commerce of all firearms and hand- easily pierce the skirt. gun ammunition. submitted a sample gun in 13 days and re- ceived a contract that mushroomed into Briefly, this law makes it illegal (a) for a SMOKEY THE BEAR has a running-mate; 818,095 U. S. Carbines, Caliber 30 Ml. firearms dealer or manufacturer to ship it's THIRSTY THE DUCK, the new symbol Thousands of these carbines have found firearms or hand-gun ammunition across a of the Wetlands For Wildlife, Inc., a their way into the hands of sportsmen and state line unless he has a federal license, sportsmen's group dedicated to preserving they need hunting ammo. (b) for anyone to receive these from such our country's fast-vanishing wetlands. Now Winchester is back in the Ml business, turning out car- an unlicensed person in another state, and Thirsty is a model of a thoroughly dis- tridges loaded w ith 110-grain (c) for anyone to ship these items across jacketed hol- low-soft-point bullets game. a state line to a person indicted or con- for They're a mite too gentle for victed of a crime of violence or a fugitive deer except at short ranges, but will take from justice, or for such a person to re- adequately care of ceive them. smaller game and predators. The adoption of this resolution by the Legion was prompted in part by the An- HAVE GUN, WILL TRAVEL? If you go by Airlines, you'll fuso Bill, now happily dead, which would United get a free "holster" for your shotgun or rifle. also have required the registration of all our Developed by hand-guns with the FBI. Oiin Industries, it's a corrugated container With specific reference to the 1938 act, with paper packing to hold your gun se- cure. the Legion resolution noted that: "The And it qualifies for aspecial air-freight Federal Firearms Act of 1938 provided that rate, lower than that charged for baggage in (part 8), the Secretary of the Treasury may excess of your allowance. prescribe such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions gusted drake mallard wearing a sun helmet THOSE PLASTIC CONTAINERS used for of the law. To enact these rules and regu- and a canteen. He'll be distributed in the liquid soap, bleach, etc., make excellent lations (laws) it was only necessary to an- form of small coin collectors, and money emergency buoys for fishing boats, accord- nounce them in the 'Federal Register.' No from his sale will be turned over to state and ing to Charles Mathis of Wildwood, N. J. debate, consultation, call, or executive sign- federal waterfowl agencies. Thirsty's ad- Screw the cap on tightly, to the handle ing of the 'Bill' was necessary. The 'Federal dress is 3500 North Holton St., Milwaukee, tie a strong line long enough to reach bot- Register' is not readily accessible to the Wis., in case you want to write him and ." public . . get acquainted. The Legion feels that such legislation, and such powers granted to an Administra- WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE but it's tive Department, definitely infringe on sometimes difficult to get a cool quaff when Article II of the Bill of Rights which pro- you're out fishing on a hot sunny lake. ". Harry vides that . . the right of the people to Howe of Miami, Fla., recalls a keep and bear arms shall not be infringed." method he used in Maine. He'd take a weighted jug, tie a strong line to the NIGHT HUNTING for coon and bob- handle, another to the stopper, and lower cats with a pack of hounds is rugged sport. it into the cool depths. When it was down One problem is finding the singing hounds. far enough, he'd simply pull out the stop- tom and attach a heavy weight at the other But Alartin Buchheit of St. Louis, Mo. has per to fill the jug. end. Good for marking fishing holes, un- a solution. He puts strips of reflector tape derwater weed beds and snags, lost equip- on their collars. You'll spot the strips easily CANNED FOODS on outdoor trips can ment, submerged hazards, etc. Can be easily in a flashlight beam. It can save a hound's become items of mystery when dampness spotted at night if you spray with fluores- life, too, by enabling motorists to see him makes their labels fall off and you don't cent paint. should the chase lead across a highway. know beans from applesauce. But this never bothers Douglas Tyacke of Duluth, Minn. THERE'S A BILL before Congress that CATCHING LIVE MINNOWS is no prob- Before his trip, he takes a tube of indelible warrants the support of every sportsman. lem for Larry Coones of Clarkesville, Tenn. marking ink and writes the contents on the If passed, and if you belong to a non-profit

He has taken a discarded but workable end of each can. hunting or fishing organization, it will give umbrella and re-covered it with fine-meshed you a tax break by amending the Internal netting, sewing it to the frame with linen GUN SLINGS AND THE SHOULDER Revenue Code to make your club dues and line. He ties a cord to the handle, sprinkles STRAPS of cameras and binoculars have an fees deductible from your income tax. bread crumbs in the net, and lowers it to annoying way of slipping off a person's Write your representative in Congress to the waiting minnows. After use, it closes shoulder, and to prevent this Alan Gross- support Bill H.R. 830. just like an umbrella. meier, of Muskego, Wis., makes a sug- gestion. Simply sew a large button on the If you have a helpful idea for this feature FAVORITE HAUNTS of freshwater fish shoulder of your coat or shirt and the send it along. If we can use it we'll pay you are lily pads and reed beds but the trick strap will get hung up on it. $5.00. However, we are unable to acknowl- is to hook the fish and not the weeds. Paul edge contributions, return them or enter Brey of Ontario, Wis. puts cellophane IF YOU LIKE EGGS when you are hunt- into correspondence concerning them. Ad- "skirts" on his lure's treble hooks to make ing or fishing, Dave Ebert, of Mason City, dress Outdoor Editor, The American Legion them weedless. He gets the cellophane from Iowa, has a couple of hints for you. To Magazine, 720 Fifth Ave., New York 19, N. Y.

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 THE GREAT PLAGUE OF 1918 (Continued from page 17)

not only acute congestion but evidence wave of sickness sent hundreds of thou- more than 100 men came down with of hemorrhaging and edema. In lay lan- sands of people to bed with fever, aches, heavy colds and fever. The epidemic guage, they were what soon would be pains and hacking coughs, but after a lasted five weeks and, before it was over, called "heavy lungs" or "wet lungs." few days' rest most of them were as good 1,127 soldiers were hospitalized. Of During almost half a century of medical as new. these, 46 died of pneumonia. experience, Dr. Welch had never seen During the first three years of World These were nothing like the mortality such lungs before and be was profound- War I there was a marked increase in figures that were to prevail when the real ly disturbed. "This is not a grippe epi- this conventional type of flu among killer struck America a few months later, demic," he said solemnly to an assistant. troops of both the Allies and the Cen- but it caused concern among military "This is plague." tral Powers. Most doctors attributed the and public health authorities because A truer statement was never uttered. increase to the cold and wet exposure Funston was not the only camp affected. Even as Dr. Welch was studying the dis- which men suffered in the trenches and Smaller outbreaks occurred at about the ease at Camp Devens, similar outbreaks same time at Camp Lee, Virginia; Camp were occurring in other parts of North Sevier, South Carolina; Fort Oglethorpe, America and in several places in South Georgia; Camp Johnston, Florida; Camp America. Asia, Africa and Europe had McClellan, Alabama, and Camp Kearny, already been visited by the malady. California. During the weeks that fol-

Called Spanish influenza, it was pan- lowed, Navy ships stationed at east coast demic for three months and claimed ports also reported an increased inci- more lives than any other plague in his- dence of flu and pneumonia among tory with the possible exception of the their crews. Plague of Justinian in the Sixth Century In Europe, meanwhile, Russian resist- and the Black Death which swept ance had collapsed and Germany tem- Europe in the Fourteenth. porarily enjoyed superiority of man- In the United States, with a popula- power on the Western Front. Ludendorff tion of 105,000,000 in 1918, the flu launched two of the mightiest drives of killed 550,000 persons, or roughly one- the war, the first aimed in March at the half of 1% of the inhabitants; and about Channel ports and the second, in May, 10 million Americans were stricken. No aimed at Paris. Reeling back under the other epidemic in this country has ever German hammer blows, the British and been half so deadly, yet we escaped light- French beseeched General Pershing for ly compared to some nations. Mexico, more American fighting men at once. with a population of only 14 million, Pershing, in turn, appealed to Gen. Pey- had almost as many flu fatalities as the ton C. March, Chief of Staff, and the United States, or a per capita toll of War Department did its best to oblige. nearly 4% . In India, 12,500,000 persons Hundreds of thousands of American perished, and in Alaska whole villages "I dread the thought of returning home and boys were rushed overseas at a rate never of Eskimos succumbed without one adult trying to make ends meet under some of the before dreamed of and there can be no

laws I helped pass." surviving. Throughout the world, flu doubt that some of them, coming from THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE killed about 1 % of the inhabitants or a infected camps, took flu virus with them. total of 22,000,000 persons-a mortality There were serious outbreaks in a num- that was greater by around 2,000,000 to overcrowding in camps and barracks ber of crowded troop ships, where condi- than all the military deaths in both back of the lines, but a few thought the tions for spreading the disease were per- world wars. flu bug was getting tougher, possibly be- fect, and many men were feverish and Influenza was an old disease long be- cause, like its human victims, it often coughing when they went ashore in fore the fatal outbreak at Camp Devens. had to withstand attacks of phosgene France. A malady that might have been Hippocrates, the father of medicine, ac- and mustard gas. called "American influenza" was soon curately described its symptoms in the The fighting men of all armies took highly prevalent in Brest, St.-Nazaire Fifth Century, B.C. Europe suffered from flu pretty much in their stride. The and other ports of disembarkation. recurrent epidemics of the disease dur- British called it "Flanders grippe," the Though American soldiers carried ing the Middle Ages and in this hemi- French "purulent bronchitis," the Ger- one brand of flu to Europe, they found sphere, Barbados and Saint Kitts in the mans "blitz katarrh," and on the Italian another and more sinister variety there, West Indies were hit hard by it in 1647, front it was labeled "sand fly fever." waiting for them. It had caused numer- when 6,000 died. The disease was then When the United States entered the war, ous deaths in Madrid and Seville dur- known merely as "la grippe" or "grip," doughboys gave it still another name, ing April and May, thus gaining the but was labeled influenza in 1743 by "three-day fever," and they, too, ac- name of "Spanish influenza," and by John Huxman, an English doctor, who cepted it as just one more nuisance of June was running wild over Europe, in- probably coined the word from an army life. Early in 1918, however, this cluding Germany and the Scandinavian Italian phrase "un influenza di freddo," comparatively mild variety of influenza countries, and was killing millions in meaning merely the influence or effect started getting out of hand in both the Asia. Unlike the American type which of cold. United States and Europe. preceded it, Spanish influenza had a far

There were flu epidemics in the One of the first places where it showed greater tendency to develop into pneu-

United States in 1857 and 1874, and a that it could be much worse than glori- monia, and it was more lethal among pandemic in 1889-1890 of what was fied sniffles was Camp Funston, Kansas, the young than the old. The disease ap- known as Russian influenza because it where the 89th and 92nd Divisions were peared to be related to the earlier variety apparently started in the land of the training. On March 11, 1918, after a of flu, for those who had had the or- czars. On both sides of the Atlantic this violent dust storm had swept the camp, dinary type were immune to it, but to

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 49 THE GREAT PLAGUE OF 1918 arrival had been a signal of some kind, fled to the linen room to weep unob- (Continued from page 49) other ambulances started bringing other served. compare the two maladies in other re- flu patients by the hundreds from all Scenes like these at Bellevue were re- spects was like comparing a house cat over the city. Before nightfall the whole enacted at thousands of hospitals all over with a tiger. hospital was swamped and doctors and the country as America's worst epidemic Where the killer came from is still a nurses suddenly were faced with the really took hold. In Philadelphia, which riddle. Like all pandemics it moved from gravest emergency in the institution's suffered a heavier mortality rate than East to West, reaching America last. long history. any other American city— 156 deaths per Some doctors thought it was brought to Wards with a capacity for 34 patients thousand—650 persons died in one day Europe by a Chinese labor battalion that were crammed with 74, bedside stands and city authorities appealed for volun- was landed on the coast of France. were removed to provide extra space, teer nurses and grave diggers. At one Others attributed it to Russian troops ar- and cots were set up in halls and on bal- time, more than a third of the city's riving from Vladivostok. Today, with conies. The children's ward which nor- doctors were prostrated by flu and scores more known about viruses, some scien- mally held 50 patients was packed with of retired physicians, some of them tists think the disease may have devel- 150, the morgue was used as a sick room feeble old men, got back into harness oped through a spontaneous process of for other flu victims, and drunks were and did what they could. A Jewish rabbi, mutation in one or several older flu cleared out of the alcoholic ward so that unable to procure the services of an un- viruses. bodies could be stacked there. dertaker, and with time pressing because During the summer months, while the of his religion's laws, carted his own son Allies blunted Ludendorffs offensives in to a cemetery and buried him unaided. enormous battles in which Americans In Chicago, where there were more fought on a large scale for the first time than 3,200 deaths in one week, corpses in the war, Spanish influenza struck piled up in hospitals, and trolley cars down thousands of people of all classes and moving vans were used to transport in every country of Europe. King them to mortuaries. One of the vans George V of England was incapacitated overturned and spilled dozens of bodies

by it for several days as was his cousin. into the street. All schools and theatres Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany; and were closed, as well as many churches, America's young Assistant Secretary of and when 1,600 telephone operators the Navy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was were felled by flu, the phone company prostrated by the disease after making a appealed to the public to make only tour of the fighting fronts. emergency calls. In the armies, whole companies, bat- In Seattle, all places of public assem- talions and regiments were temporarily bly were closed, and in San Francisco knocked out, some units having up to religious services and even court hear- 75% of their personnel out of action at ings were held in the open air. In San once. Still, for some reason, the flu was Antonio, more than half the inhabitants never as lethal among American troops were stricken at one time and business

abroad as it was to be later among those came virtually to a standstill. Nearly in the States. (Only 5,000 United States everywhere, football games, prize fights soldiers died of flu in Europe, compared and horse races were called off. to 20,000 in this country, and on a per- In Washington and other cities, po- centage of personnel basis, the Navy, "How long has it been since you cleaned this licemen, street car conductors, barbers, dart gun, Private?" which lost 5,000 men, was harder hit dentists, store clerks and other people than the Army either at home or over- who had close contact with the public THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE seas.) were required to wear cotton gauze Early in September, the Spanish in- masks. "Mask slackers" and "open- fluenza, which some pious souls in Veteran nurses who served at Belle- faced sneezers" were fined, "spitless Europe had come to regard as an Angel vue during the flu epidemic still remem- days" were proclaimed, handshaking was of Death sent by God to punish the ber grim things that happened there. In frowned upon as a possible means of world for its wickedness, winged its way the admitting office, incoming patients communicating germs, and health offi- westward across the Atlantic. Quaran- who had taken on the blue cyanosed cials decreed that if lovers must kiss they tine regulations had been tightened at color were hastily asked to give their should do so through a folded handker- American ports in the hope of keeping names and addresses and then rushed to chief.

it out, but they availed nothing, and the beds so that they could die in them in- Havoc was wrought in rural America scourge reached several points in the stead of on the stretchers on which they too as Spanish influenza spread to even

United States at about the same time. lay. In the wards, it was not unusual for the most remote communities. In sev- Fort Devens was just one of a number a patient to call across the room for a eral instances where a farm family had

of places where it exploded with terrify- nurse and then die before she could not been seen by its neighbors for sev- ing suddenness, bringing horror and reach him. eral days, a visit to the farmhouse re-

tragedy in its wake. Most harrowing of all, from the nur- vealed the entire family dead of the flu. At New York's famous Bellevue Hos- ses' point of view, was duty in the de- The epidemic took a toll even in remote pital, a huge municipal institution which livery room, for Spanish influenza was Michigan lumber camps and in the for more than a century had cared for viciously cruel to pregnant women, and mountain cabins of western sheep

victims of every kind of disaster includ- comparatively few of them survived it. herders. ing waves of yellow fever, cholera, ship- Many mothers went bravely through the It was a hard time for livestock as wrecks and frightful factory fires, 30 ordeal of labor and childbirth only to well as humans as chores went undone seamen were brought in by ambulance collapse and die immediately afterward. on thousands of farms. Cows bawled one morning from Brooklyn Navy Yard. Usually a mother's baby died with her. mournfully because their owners were All were diagnosed as influenza cases After witnessing such double tragedies, down with flu and could not milk them, and put to bed. Then, as if the sailors' a young nurse could be forgiven if she and hungry horses kicked their stalls

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 apart because there was no one to serve ful beating the nation was taking from concerning the nature of the disease that them their hay and oats. At the same disease. Even today some oldsters who did the killing. During the last 30 years, time, a surprising number of pigs be- lived through the influenza epidemic scientists have isolated viruses which came indisposed themselves, coughing have no conception of how deadly it cause four different types of influenza. incessantly, running a temperature and was, and millions of younger people One of these, known as Virus A, has displaying symptoms of extreme lassi- have scarcely heard of it. been responsible for the Asian flu which tude. Then, as mysteriously as it had ar- has been mildly epidemic in the United When a Government veterinarian in rived, the Spanish influenza started tak- States and other countries since 1957, Iowa, J. S. Koen, expressed the opinion ing its departure. By November 1st it and many pathologists think it was a that the pigs had caught the flu he was definitely was on the wane and during mutation or offshoot in this Virus A laughed at by other veterinarians, but the next ten days it continued to decline. that was responsible for Spanish influ- research in later years confirmed his When the bells rang and the whistles enza. Other doctors maintain that the diagnosis. Swine are highly vulnerable to blew on November 11th, many people disease which scourged the globe in 1918 the same Virus A that attacks people and wept with joy not only because victory was not influenza but another malady it was undoubtedly flu that ailed the had come in but also because influenza similar to it. Also, medical men are still Iowa porkers. was on its way out. divided in their opinion as to whether As the epidemic swept the country there is any likelihood of the world ever from one end to the other, valiant efforts being swept again by a disease wave of were made to blame it on the Germans. such destructiveness.

One report had it that agents of the Following the epidemic, medical men Kaiser had sneaked ashore from a sub- and public health officials were haunted marine and released influenza germs in for years by fears of another outbreak a crowded theatre. According to another of similar virulence, but, thanks to sci- rumor, "Huns" were distributing disease entific advances, such fears now seem organisms from a secret laboratory near less justified than formerly. A big break- Washington. Such stories received little through came in 1933 when three Lon- credence, however, after it was disclosed don scientists—Patrick Laidlaw, Wilson that the same influenza which was kill- Smith and F. W. Andrewes— isolated the ing Americans had slain some 300,000 first flu virus, a tiny organism which Germans in their own country. under an electron microscope looks like Although the enemy was not respon- a small wad of cotton. The scientists sible for it, the epidemic did hamper the tried vainly to infect laboratory animals American war effort in several ways. with the virus until one day Smith, who Heavy absenteeism slowed production at had himself contracted flu, accidentally munition plants and shipyards. Because sneezed in the faces of some ferrets. of appalling conditions at training They promptly came down with flu and camps, the entrainment of 142,000 this was the first scientific indication that draftees had to be cancelled at a time infection took a nose and mouth route. when General Pershing was asking Gen- Within two years the ability to induce eral March for heavy replacements to influenza in ferrets was extended to mice, support the Meuse-Argonne offensive. and serums were being developed to im- "// we are not stopped by influenza," munize people against the disease. No March cabled the A.E.F. commander, one of the vaccines gives complete pro- 'you will get replacements and all short- tection but they are rated from 60% to ." ages will . . be made up. "Hi, honey, I'm home!" 75% effective against A and B type Enormous as was its slaughter, the in- viruses. Also, the development of anti- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE fluenza plague was overshadowed by biotic drugs has given doctors far more more spectacular developments. During effective weapons against pneumonia the weeks when the flu staged its worst In addition to the half million lives it than they possessed in 1918. ravages, the Allied armies, under Mar- took in this country, the cost of the Scientists who work with flu viruses shal Foch's command, turned the tide of epidemic was past reckoning. How many at the National Institute of Health in war overseas and events moved swiftly lifelong dreams were wrecked by it, how Washington and elsewhere still have the toward the collapse of Germany and to many romances broken, how many utmost respect for them and will not the Armistice of November 11th. youngsters deprived of educational op- predict that Spanish influenza will never Had not the war news from Europe portunities because of the death of again sweep the world. In fact, some been so good, October probably would breadwinners will never be known. The researchers think that the virus that have been the saddest month in Ameri- cost in dollars alone was staggering. A caused all the trouble has only gone "un- can history. During that month, influ- few doctors, druggists, undertakers and derground" and will turn up like a bad enza reached its peak in most parts of florists were enriched, but their profits penny at some future time. But most the country, cresting in the east a few were far outweighed by losses in other medical men agree that if it does reap- days earlier than in the west. Like an lines. One of the industries hardest hit pear it will not be the killer it was. Dur- Old Testament pestilence, it touched was life insurance. Just one firm, the ing the great epidemic, they explain, nearly every home and there were few Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., paid influenza was deadly only because it families that did not lose a member, a out more than $18,000,000 in a few opened the door to pneumonia, and now relative or at least a friend. months in initial claims to beneficiaries that pneumonia is better controlled, we Yet, with headlines proclaiming new of 85,000 policies. None of the big com- all have less to fear from flu than we did gains in France almost every day, the panies went broke or raised insurance 45 years ago. flu epidemic was given a secondary rates but most of them were forced to Which is something to be thankful for. place in the papers and many Ameri- eliminate or drastically cut dividends In one respect at least, our world is a cans never quite realized in those days over a period of years. better place today than it was in the of shining military victory what a fright- An element of mystery still exists "good old days." the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 51 HOW TO CATCH BIG FISH (Continued from page 19) increase your chances of landing him. feed throughout the season, there are ing, just before and after daybreak. The You'll often hear the saying, "Use certain times of the year when they bite next best fishing period is from dusk big baits for big fish," among both fresh best. Big trout, for example, usually bite until midnight. and salt water anglers. The records and best in the spring and fall months. Big In salt water, too, surf fishermen find feeding habits of big fish bear the saying black bass bite best during the late that big striped bass are more often out. Most fish are gluttons. Big fish, es- spring, early summer and fall months. caught around daybreak, dusk and dur- pecially, are cannibals who will eat their Pike and.muskellunge snap hungrily in ing the night than in the middle of the own brothers and sisters if they can the spring and fall months. day. It is a well-known fact that smaller swallow them. An 8-lb. pike, for exam- In salt water, surf anglers seeking big bluefish are taken during the day than at ple, tried to swallow a 7-lb. pike and suc- striped bass find that the best months are night by boats chumming offshore. How- ceeded in engulfing only the head before June, September, October and early ever, when you go after the deep-sea

it choked to death. A 4-lb. rainbow trout November. If you fish during the sum- giants such as marlin, swordfish and big had a 22 Vi in. garter snake in its stom- tuna you can fish during the daytime. ach when cut open. Pike and muskies If there is one thing which the big fish

have been known to swallow ducklings, experts have in common it is a knowl- goslings and muskrats. Large-mouth edge of their fishing area. They study it bass have caught and eaten birds. A big until they know the water where they fish can't satisfy its hunger on tiny flies fish, the bottom and depths, the location or bugs, and usually feeds on minnows, of rocks, stumps, sandbars, weed beds, other fish and small animals. drop-offs, channels, and other spots So if you want to catch that big one- where big fish hang out. They also know use big lures or baits. In fresh water, the spots where big fish feed and rest at trout fishermen use streamer and buck- various times of the year and during dif- tail flies, spinners, spoons, small plugs ferent hours of the day. and live or dead minnows. Black bass When fishing for big trout in a stream anglers use plastic or rubber worms, or river, you will usually find them in large surface or underwater plugs, and deeper water during the daytime. Fish live minnows up to 4 or 5 inches long. the heads of pools, the eddies behind Musky fishermen use plugs, spoons and boulders, logs, and along the undercut suckers up to 10 or 12 inches long. banks. The shallow riffles and runs may In salt water fishing, even larger lures harbor many small trout, but the big and baits are used. Striped bass fishermen ones will usually be found in the larger, use giant plugs and spoons up to 12 deeper pools or under some kind of inches long and rigged eels up to 20 cover. inches long to catch the big ones. Off- When fishing for big black bass, pike shore fishermen trolling for marlin, and muskellunge, you'll find them near swordfish and giant tuna often use mack- "You took me all the way out here just to listen shore in shallow water early in the morn- erel, bonito and other fish weighing up to to another of your stupid bird calls?" ing and in the evening. Black bass and 4 or 5 pounds. For sharks jewfish walleyes will also into or THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE come shallow they use fish weighing up to 8 or 10 water at night. But in the middle of the pounds. day, during the summer months, fish the One of the main secrets of catching mer for striped bass, go to Massachu- deeper water. In big lakes and reser- big fish is to fish a spot where such fish setts, especially Cape Cod, where big voirs, big bass are often taken in water are found. Obviously, it's a waste of time stripers are often caught. Those who from 20 to 35 feet deep. Peter Dubuc, to fish a lake, river or salt water spot want big channel bass should fish during who has caught many big pike, including where big fish are absent or scarce. April, May, October and November. the world record 46-lb., 2-oz. fish, which How do you find such spots? One of In southern waters, the best months he landed in the Sacandaga Reservoir, the best ways is to check the fishing con- for big tarpon and snook are May, June N.Y., finds he gets best results in the test records or world record charts. and July. Big game fishermen going after spring and fall in water less than ten Many such fishing contests are run both swordfish get most of these fish during feet deep. But during the summer, he locally and nationally, and list big fish the summer months. The same thing is fishes sunken weed beds in water from entered in them. If you check such lists true of white marlin and blue marlin. 15 to 20 feet deep. or records for several years back you'll Giant tuna are most frequently caught One good way to locate and catch big often notice certain stand-out waters during August and September. fish both in fresh and salt water is by which produce big fish year after year. The time of day you fish can have a trolling. You can try different lures and Another way to find out which waters bearing on your chances of catching big different depths until you find where the contain big fish is to write your state fish fish. Very early in the spring you can fish are hitting. Sometimes it may be

and game department and ask it to often catch big trout during the middle near the surface, but most of the time list some of the lakes or rivers where big of the day. But later on during the sum- you'll find the big ones lying on or near fish of the species in which you are inter- mer months you'll do better if you fish the bottom, and deep trolling with ested are found. Some of the spots noted in the early morning, evening, and at weights or wire lines will reach them. for producing big fresh and salt water night. Anglers seeking big brown trout Unfortunately, the average fisherman fish are listed in a separate box accom- find that these fish remain hidden during in fresh or salt water hasn't got the time panying this article. the day and feed mostly at night. The or inclination to become acquainted with Once you find a good spot where big same thing applies to black bass— in the a river, lake, or section of ocean. There fish abound, you still have to choose the spring and late fall, big ones are often are short cuts, however, such as asking best time of year for catching these fish taken during the day. But during the hot local fishermen and tackle dealers for the in those waters. Although big fish will summer months, fish early in the morn- location of the best fishing spots. The

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 quickest and best way to get results when When you do hook a big fish, you still fishing strange waters is to hire a guide face the supreme test of playing and

or charter a boat. A good guide or cap- landing it safely. Every fishing season, tain can save you a lot of time and help hundreds, if not thousands, of weary, you get a big fish much sooner than if sad-faced fresh and salt water anglers you go it alone. One angler, for example, come home with tales of woe about the who had never caught any salt water fish "big one that got away." Most of the lost before, went out on a charter boat from big fish are due to the angler's impa- Montauk, N.Y. On his first deep-sea tience, carelessness or inadequate fishing fishing trip he hooked and successfully tackle, line or lures. Most expert anglers boated a 326-lb. swordfish! Other ang- seeking big fish pay close attention to lers have caught striped bass weighing their gear. They use tackle which is new 50 and 60 pounds by chartering a bass or in the best condition. Many top boat and the services of an experienced anglers use a brand new line every time guide. they go out. They also examine the Big fish are big because they are wary hooks and discard those that are badly and smart. Small fish are easier to catch rusted or weakened in any way. because they are always hungry, rush But even with the best of tackle you recklessly at a bait or lure and haven't can still lose a big fish if you get excited, yet learned to avoid man. But big fish are freeze or make the wrong move. Most lazy, wary and educated. They have big fish are lost because they aren't learned through experience to avoid all played long enough. You can't hurry the kinds of dangers. Some have been fight or horse the fish—you have to fight hooked before and are suspicious of "I want four and twenty blackbirds." him until he's completely whipped. baits and lures presented unnaturally. The urge to catch a big fish lies deep THE LEGION MAGAZINE Big trout are extremely wary of AMERICAN in every angler. Some want to catch a shadows, noises, sudden movements, and big one so that they can show off to their disturbances in the water. Stay out of the friends. But most genuine fishermen water, if possible, when fishing for them. or even weeks until the fish finally hits. seek fish not because they want to brag,

If you have to wade in a stream, take it In the long run the angler who catches but because they experience a greater easy and don't bump into stones or the biggest fish in both fresh and salt thrill and feeling of achievement and create ripples to warn the fish of your water is the guy who doesn't quit, but satisfaction in catching the big ones. approach. continues casting or trolling long after Almost anybody can catch the small Some anglers, like Wally Blanchard, less hardy or less dedicated anglers have fish, but it takes real skill and know-how who fishes Lake Mead in Arizona and given up and gone home. to catch the big ones. the end Nevada, take extraordinary precautions to avoid noises which frighten the fish. Wally uses two outboard motors on his BEST SPOTS FOR BIG FISH boat—one 35 h.p. to get him to the fish- ing spots, and a smaller five h.p. which Fresh water fish Salt water fish he uses to approach the specific fishing points. He also has the bottom of his BROOK TROUT-Maine, and Canada's STRIPED BASS - Sandy Hook, N. J.; boat insulated with rubber to absorb the provinces of Ontario, Manitoba, Quebec, Montauk Point, N. Y.; Rhode Island; noises caused by tackle boxes, feet or New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Lab- and Cape Cod, Cuttyhunk, and Martha's oars. His oarlocks are well oiled and his rador. Vineyard in Mass. outboard motors are tuned to operate RAINBOW TROUT - California, Ore- efficiently and as quietly as possible. All BLUEFISH - New Jersey; Long Island, gon, Washington, British Columbia, and this seems like a lot of bother, but it N.Y.; Block Island, R.I.; and Nantucket, Lake Pend Oreille in Idaho. pays off for him in big bass. He rarely Mass. keeps fish under 5 pounds and has BROWN TROUT-Big brown trout are CHANNEL BASS- Virginia and North caught many black bass weighing up to found in many of the larger lakes, rivers Carolina 8 and 10 pounds. and streams in our northern states. Big fish are also lazy and rarely move - PACIFIC SALMON - California, Ore- far or fast for a lure or bait. You usually LARGE-MOUTH BASS Florida's St. gon, Washington and British Columbia. have to cast a lure or present a bait right John's River, and Lake George. Also in of our other southern states in front of their noses to make them hit. many WHITE MARLIN -Ocean City, Mary- When using lures such as rubber or plas- SMALL-MOUTH BLACK BASS-Da\e land; Brielle and Belmar, N.J.; and Mon- tic worms, jigs, spinners, spoons and Hollow Reservoir in Tennessee, St. Law- tauk, N.Y. plugs for big fish, reel them slowly but rence River, New York, Maine, Ken- with plenty of action. tucky, and Ontario, Canada. TUNA — Northern New Jersey, Mon- Big fish also take a long time to make tauk, NY.; Pt. Judith, R.I.; Cape Cod, - up their minds to strike. They don't feed LAKE TROUT Lake Athabasca in Mass.; and Wedgeport, Nova Scotia. as often as the smaller fish do. So, per- Saskatchewan, Canada; Gods Lake in sistence and patience will pay off when Manitoba, Canada; and many other SWORDFISH - Hampton Bays and seeking the lunkers. One angler who lakes in Canada and our northern states. Montauk, NY.; Pt. Judith and Block caught a musky weighing 36 pounds Island, R.I.; Martha's Vineyard, Mass.; PIKE—Canada, Alaska, Minnesota, Wis- figured he made around 1,000 casts in and Nova Scotia, Canada. consin, Michigan and northern N.Y. six hours of steady fishing to get him. For specific information on fishing The most successful musky fishermen MUSKELLUNGE-Canada, Wisconsin, spots in the states above, write the fish will locate a big fish and then start offer- Michigan, Minnesota, St. Lawrence and game departments, or Chambers of ing him lures and baits for hours, days River, and Chautauqua Lake in N.Y. Commerce.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 53 " i :

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 55 HEARTENING INTERVIEW Those honest eyes gaze back at me With candid admiration. And on that smiling face I see No hint of condemnation.

Such warm regard is surely rare, And none could be sincerer. I wish I had more time to spare Like this, before the mirror! Georgie Starbuck Galbraith

SHREWD OBSERVATION They should allow prayer in school, that's the way a lot of us got through. Jack Herbert

RAISING CAIN Adam is the only man Who never drove his offspring wild With stories of how much rougher things were For him when he was a child. Suzanne Douglass

NEAT FORMULA The ideal size for bucket-seats in cars, ac- cording to the bachelor set, is about 3 gals. Cliff Uhlig

THE OPTIMIST Misfortune doesn't fetter My hopes, or make me sad; My luck is getting better, It's gone from worse to bad. Jeff Matthews

TWEAT TREAT If an older woman is whistled at, it's music to her years. "Say when." Peter Cartwright

SUMMER DAZE SHAGGY SPAGHETTI STORY The gal at the beach is a knockout, So lovely and cunning and cute; A man went to see a psychiatrist to be cured of his habit of collecting never into spaghetti. He told the doctor that the spaghetti was cluttering up his She goes the water, living room. And hardly goes into her suit. Stephen Schlitzer "Why don't you put it in the closet?" asked the psychiatrist. "I can't do that," was the indignant reply. "That's where I keep my meatballs." GROWING UP boy's voice when reaches V. D. Palat A changes he 14, a girl's when she reaches a telephone. Streightiff AIN'T IT THE TRUTH? Walt "Some women sure are lucky," Mrs. Smith remarked to a neighbor. "Take

Mrs. Peters, for instance. Her husband is perfect in every way. I sure wish my man was perfect, don't you?" "Not on your life," declared her neighbor. "I'm glad my Jim isn't perfect

. . . I like to nag!" A. T. Quicg

CLOSE-MOUTHED CASHIER A determined young lady strode into a bank and walked straight to the paying teller's window. "I want to know how much money my husband drew out of this bank last week, " she said in an angry voice.

"I'm sorry, madam," said the teller, "but I cannot give you that information." "But you're the paying teller, aren't you?" she exclaimed.

1 ' "Yes," said the teller blandly, "but I am not the telling teller! Dan Bennett

THE LAST WORD Harry was in his late fifties and balding and his birthday was nearing. His wife asked him what he'd like for the occasion.

Glancing slyly at her, he replied, "Well, I think I'd like a gorgeous girl, " about 19, blond and curvaceous and As he paused, searching for the right word, his better-half suggested, " and blind?" "He's got his big, flat muddy boots on your Jim Henry bumper, Dad."

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • JULY 1963 ... forAmerican legion Members On/yJ

TROUSERS Year-round weight, crease and stain resistant, blended UNIFORM SHIRTS 29-46 TIE BAR CUFF LINK SET NYLON JACKET gabardine. Waist with Pre-shrunk broadcloth. Neck unfinished bottoms. Give Blackonyx in heavy gold plate. Lightweight, washable with half-sizes 14 to 18; Sleeves height and waist. No. popular stand-up two button 32 to 35. 74613 $5.50 No. 70102 $11.95 collar. Sm., med., Ig.,and X-lg. White No. 70302 . . . $4.50 See the 1963 catalog for Jackets, extra Blue No. 70156 . . . 4.95 in navy blue (No. 70271) or size trousers and sport shirts.

white (No. 70275) . . $6.95 TIES MEMBERSHIP BUTTONS All wool, button down. Blue ECONOMY TIE BAR (No. 70291) or Gold (No. BALL PEN SET Midget Size Regulation 70292) $1.25 Gold with blue emblem. Fine- Gold plated shorty. Button Size Button line pencil with non-skip ball No. 74623 $1.10 No. 83711, No. 83717, LARIAT TIE . . . 10K. . . .$2.64 10K....$3.63 pen. No. 74242 $2.00 Bolo for sport wear. Blue (No. No. 83713, No. 83719, 70296) or Gold (No. 70295) 14K....S3.63 14K....S5.28 $1.50

See 1963 catalog for diamond prices.

AUTO EMBLEMS 74951 Copper finish bronze, hard enameled 3-inch emblem. No. 74950 has lug for attaching. No. 74951 has trunk attach- ment bracket .... $1.25 MEMBERS RING SWINGFOLD Black onyx in 10K gold with Twenty cards— photos swing white gold inlaid shanks. 74950 with fingertip ease for ready Specify size; No. 73900 reference. Mello cowhide in $21.78 black (No. 74478) or Brown ON ALL ORDERS UNDER $3.00, ADD 25 e FOR POSTAGE AND HANDLING (No. 74479) $5.50 PRICES INCLUDE FEDERAL EXCISE TAX WHERE APPLICABLE LIGHTER Windproof by Park. Blue and KEY CASE THE AMERICAN LEGION, NATIONAL EMBLEM SALES gold. Guaranteed. Polished cowhide button case No. 74904 $1.00 P. O. Box 1055, Indianapolis 6, Indiana in black (No. 74468), brown (No. 74469) ortan (No. 74470) Enclosed is $_ Please rush the following $2.75

Send free Emblem catalog. Membership Card No._ TASTES GREAT because the tobaccos are! 21 great tobaccos make 20 wonderful Chesterfield Kings. ..vintage tobaccos grown

mild, aged mild, blended mild and made to taste even milder through longer length. CHESTERFIELD KING