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Security Council Distr.: General 18 July 2007
United Nations S/2007/439 Security Council Distr.: General 18 July 2007 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General on the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to Security Council resolution 1752 (2007) of 13 April 2007, by which the Security Council decided to extend the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 15 October 2007. It provides an update of the situation in Abkhazia, Georgia since my report of 3 April 2007 (S/2007/182). 2. My Special Representative, Jean Arnault, continued to lead the Mission. He was assisted by the Chief Military Observer, Major General Niaz Muhammad Khan Khattak (Pakistan). The strength of UNOMIG on 1 July 2007 stood at 135 military observers and 16 police officers (see annex). II. Political process 3. During the reporting period, UNOMIG continued efforts to maintain peace and stability in the zone of conflict. It also sought to remove obstacles to the resumption of dialogue between the Georgian and Abkhaz sides in the expectation that cooperation on security, the return of internally displaced persons and refugees, economic rehabilitation and humanitarian issues would facilitate meaningful negotiations on a comprehensive political settlement of the conflict, taking into account the principles contained in the document entitled “Basic Principles for the Distribution of Competences between Tbilisi and Sukhumi”, its transmittal letter (see S/2002/88, para. 3) and additional ideas by the sides. 4. Throughout the reporting period, my Special Representative maintained regular contact with both sides, as well as with the Group of Friends of the Secretary-General both in Tbilisi and in their capitals. -
The Spread of Christianity in the Eastern Black Sea Littoral (Written and Archaeological Sources)*
9863-07_AncientW&E_09 07-11-2007 16:04 Pagina 177 doi: 10.2143/AWE.6.0.2022799 AWE 6 (2007) 177-219 THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE EASTERN BLACK SEA LITTORAL (WRITTEN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES)* L.G. KHRUSHKOVA Abstract This article presents a brief summary of the literary and archaeological evidence for the spread and consolidation of Christianity in the eastern Black Sea littoral during the early Christian era (4th-7th centuries AD). Colchis is one of the regions of the late antique world for which the archaeological evidence of Christianisation is greater and more varied than the literary. Developments during the past decade in the field of early Christian archaeology now enable this process to be described in considerably greater detail The eastern Black Sea littoral–ancient Colchis–comprises (from north to south) part of the Sochi district of the Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation as far as the River Psou, then Abkhazia as far as the River Ingur (Engur), and, further south, the western provinces of Georgia: Megrelia (Samegrelo), Guria, Imereti and Adzhara (Fig. 1). This article provides a summary of the literary and archaeological evidence for the spread and consolidation of Christianity in the region during the early Christ- ian era (4th-7th centuries AD).1 Colchis is one of the regions of late antiquity for which the archaeological evidence of Christianisation is greater and more varied than the literary. Progress during the past decade in the field of early Christian archaeology now enables this process to be described in considerably greater detail.2 The many early Christian monuments of Colchis are found in ancient cities and fortresses that are familiar through the written sources.3 These include Pityus (modern Pitsunda, Abkhazian Mzakhara, Georgian Bichvinta); Nitike (modern Gagra); Trakheia, which is surely Anakopiya (modern Novyi Afon, Abkhazian Psyrtskha); Dioscuria/ * Translated from Russian by Brent Davis. -
EUROPE in the Year 300
The Euratlas Map of EUROPE in the Year 300 This map shows the countries of Europe, North Africa and Middle East, in the year 300. For consistency reasons, the boundaries and positions of the entities have been drawn as they were on the beginning of the year 300, so far as our knowledge goes. Each entity has a unique colour, but the shade differences are not always perceptible. Map in Latin with English transla- tion. About 500 km 100 km = about 1.3 cm A euratlas Euratlas-Nüssli 2011 English Modern Names of the Cities if Different from the Old Ones Abdera Avdira Lindus Lindos Abydos Nagra Burnu, Çanakkale Lingones Langres Acragas Agrigento Lixus Larache Aduatuca Tongeren Londinium London Aegyssus Tulcea Luca Lucca Aeminium Coimbra Lucentum Alicante Aenus Enez Lucus Augusti Lugo Agathae Agde Lugdunum Lyon Alalia Aléria Lugdm. Convenarum St.-Bertrand-Comminges Albintiglium Ventimiglia Luguvalium Carlisle Altava Ouled Mimoun Lutetia Paris Amasia Amasya Malaca Málaga Amastris Amasra Manazacerta Malazgirt Amathus Ayios Tykhonas Mariana Bastia Airport Amida Diyarbakır Massilia Marseille Ancyra Ankara Mediolanum Milan Anemurion Anamur Mediol. Santonum Saintes Antakira Antequera Melitene Malatya Antiocheia Antakya, Antioch Melitta Mdina, Malta Apamea Kalat el-Mudik Melos Milos Apollonia Pojani Mesembria Nesebar Aquae Sulis Bath Meschista Mtskheta .euratlas.com Aquincum Óbuda, Budapest Miletus Balat Ara Rottweil Mina Relizane Arausio Orange Mogontiacum Mainz Arbela Arbil Mursa Osijek Archelaïs Aksaray Myra Demre Arco Arcos de la Frontera Naïssus Niš http://www Arelate Arelate Narbona Narbonne Argentaria Srebrenik Narona Vid-Metković Argentorate Strasbourg Neapolis Naples Arminium Rimini Nemauso Nîmes Arsinoe Faiyum Nicephorium Ar-Raqqah Artavil Ardabil Nicopolis Preveza-Nicopolis Artaxata Artashat Nicaea İznik Asculum Ascoli Piceno Nicomedia İzmit EMO 1 Aternum Pescara Nineve Mosul Athenae Athens Nisibis Nusaybin Attalia Antalya Numantia Soria, Garray . -
Contemporary Challenges of Independent Hotels Automation on the Way to Achieving Competitiveness: Focus on the Hotel Services Market of the Black Sea Coast
Eurasian Journal of Analytical Chemistry ISSN: 1306-3057 OPEN ACCESS 2017 12(7b):1415-1420 DOI: 10.12973/ejac.2017.00268a Contemporary Challenges of Independent Hotels Automation on the Way to Achieving Competitiveness: Focus on the Hotel Services Market of the Black Sea Coast Leonid A. Popov 1*, Ekaterina A. Blinova 1, Anna I. Kosheleva 1, Ekaterina N. Valedinskaya 1, Andrey V. Mikhaylets 1 1 Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, RUSSIA Received 30 May 2017 ▪ Revised 5 September 2017 ▪ Accepted 26 September 2017 ABSTRACT The relevance of the topic depends on the fact that due to the increasing influence of innovative processes, one of the main tools for ensuring competitiveness of independent hotels is the automation of business processes in the hotel management system. In this context, the purpose of this study is to identify possible problems of integrated automation of independent hotels using the example of the Black Sea coast hotel market and develop the recommendations for their overcoming. The research conducted by the authors revealed the main trends in the use of PMS by hotels on the Black Sea coast in the Russian Federation which clearly reflect the situation on the market of independent hotels in the region. The authors prove the necessity and provide methodology for the competent adoption of the complex automation system into the hotel’s operation. Results of the study suggested by the authors are of the practical value for the independent hotels aiming to increase the income, retain the market share and ensure competitive and progressive development of enterprise in conditions of dynamic transformation of the external environment. -
BLACK SEA SUBMARINE VALLEYS – PATTERNS, SYSTEMS, NETWORKS Dan C
BLACK SEA SUBMARINE VALLEYS – PATTERNS, SYSTEMS, NETWORKS DAN C. JIPA1, NICOLAE PANIN1, CORNEL OLARIU2, CORNEL POP1 1National Institute of Marine Geology and Geo-Ecology (GeoEcoMar), 23-25 Dimitrie Onciul St., 024053 Bucharest, Romania 2Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2305 Speedway Stop, C1160, Austin, TX 78712-1692 Abstract. The article presents a detailed analysis of the underwater morphology of the entire Black Sea basin beyond the shelf break. The focus is on submarine valley systems on continental slope and rise zones, and partially in the abyssal plain area. The present research is among the very few studies that have undertaken a morphological analysis on a regional scale, for an entire marine basin. This achievement was possible by using the publicly available EMODnet bathymetric map of the Black Sea. The Black Sea submarine valleys networks are presented in a map-sketch. It includes 25 valley systems, 5 groups of simple first order channels, and other number of simple, not associated channels. The 25 valley systems are adding up more than 110 main channels and tributaries. Morphological description and analysis of each of the mapped systems is given – shape and plan view morphology, dimensions (length and surface) and slope gradient. Some considerations about the amount of sediments supplied by the valleys from the shelf to the basin floor, forming the deep-sea fans, are presented. For a more detailed and precise image of the Black Sea network of submarine valleys additional work would be necessary to cover the entire basin with a minimum standard network of modern bathymetric mapping and of high resolution seismic survey lines. -
Axes in the Ancient and Early Middle Ages in Iberia-Colchis Irakli Anchabadze
Axes in the Ancient and Early Middle Ages in Iberia-Colchis Irakli Anchabadze An Axe belongs to the type of offensive weapons, which was used in fierce battles. This weapon was used in metal-paved wooden handle for agricultural purposes as well, so it is often difficult to separate between combat and economic axes. Based on the Archaeological data, we can argue that after spear the axe was the most massive weapon in the ancient Colchis-Iberia. In Transcaucasia the iron axes appeared around VIII century BC. Initially they co-existed with Colchis-Koban type bronze axes and repeat them in form. It seems that at this time they mainly had a military purpose; however, it is also possible that they had some religious function as well, as an evidenced we can talk about the many miniature axes discovered in tombs. The bronze and iron axes are usually found in the tombs in the complex of other weapons (most often spearheads). The number of iron axes significantly increases in the monuments of the VII-VI centuries BC and from VI BC only metal samples are to be found [Esaian.., 1985: 79]. At this time similarities with the bronze axes fall apart and the iron axes develop in their own, peculiar forms. The starting point for the classification of Axes is the parts of the shape, width and proportions. For example, the head may be asymmetrical, which means that the head unequally expands from the haft/handle. A symmetrical axe is when it expands evenly on both sides of the haft/handle. -
Realizing the Urban Potential in Georgia: National Urban Assessment
REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA National Urban Assessment ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REALIZING THE URBAN POTENTIAL IN GEORGIA NATIONAL URBAN ASSESSMENT ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO) © 2016 Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444; Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 2016. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9257-352-2 (Print), 978-92-9257-353-9 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT168254 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Asian Development Bank. Realizing the urban potential in Georgia—National urban assessment. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2016. 1. Urban development.2. Georgia.3. National urban assessment, strategy, and road maps. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. This publication was finalized in November 2015 and statistical data used was from the National Statistics Office of Georgia as available at the time on http://www.geostat.ge The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. -
The 1969 Flood and Coastal Erosion on Cape Pitsunda
The 1969 Flood and Coastal Erosion on Cape Pitsunda Olga Yakushenko Cape Pitsunda is located in present-day Abkhazia, formerly part of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, on the shores of the Black Sea. In the 1960s, the resort town of Pitsunda was built on the eastern side of the peninsula, between its southern point and the mouth of the Bzyb River. The group of residential and office buildings was built as close as possible to a concrete embankment protecting them from the sea. Pitsunda’s pine forests and mild climate made it an ideal resort. However, in January 1969, a storm broke out; it lasted 80 hours, damaged the sea wall, flooded the ground floor of the residential buildings, and washed away the shingle beach. A month later, another storm completely demolished the concrete embankment, since the beach no longer offered any protection. Source URL: http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/6291 Print date: 15 November 2018 13:29:47 Yakushenko, Olga. "The 1969 Flood and Coastal Erosion on Cape Pitsunda." Arcadia ( 2014), no. 13. Map of Abkhazia showing the Bzyb River and its mouth near Pitsunda. View wikimedia source ; View primary UN source . This is a wikimedia commons map derived from products of the United Nations Cartographic Section. Modified versions of UNCS maps may be used provided that the UN name and reference number does not appear on any modified version and a link to the original map is provided. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0 License . As subsequent research has shown, the original mistake of the resort’s creators was to situate the buildings too close to the coastline without anticipating the storms that frequently occur on the Black Sea. -
2 Goldstein Georgian Feast.Indd 1 28/07/18 6:22 PM 1 a TASTE of HISTORY
PART I AN ABUNDANT LAND michael kenna michael © 2_Goldstein_Georgian Feast.indd 1 28/07/18 6:22 PM 1 A TASTE OF HISTORY Visitors from the kolkhoz celebrating Saint George’s Day at the Alaverdi Monastery near Telavi, 1972. The eleventh-century Alaverdi Monastery was for centuries the tallest church in Georgia. The holiday of Saint George, one of Georgia’s patron saints, is celebrated twice a year, on November 23 and May 6. © Magnum photos / Henri Cartier-Bresson (previous page) Ruins of an old church at Ananuri Fortress, 2008. The village of Ananuri, about an hour north of Tbilisi, once lay along the fabled Silk Road. The dukes of Aragvi built the fortress to protect their domain, which they ruled from the thirteenth to eighteenth centuries. © Michael Kenna 2_Goldstein_Georgian Feast.indd 2 28/07/18 6:22 PM remote as georgia may seem, this small nation once occupied a pivotal place in the world. Georgia was much featured in the mythology of ancient times, chroni- cled by historians and travelers who ventured to the farthest reaches of the known classical world. Stretching from the Black Sea to the Caspian, Georgia lay athwart important East–West trade routes. Through the vagaries of history, Georgia enjoyed independence one thousand years ago, only to be subsumed by the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century. More recently, the republic existed within the borders of the Soviet Union. In 1991, the Soviets’ relaxed hold on their constituent republics allowed the proud and restive Georgians to proclaim independence. With a num- ber of contending political groups, Georgia today fi nds itself in fl ux. -
Black Sea and Sea of Azov Region Year No
Black Sea and Sea of Azov Region Year No. ENC.000 Title Scale of issue 3001 UA2T3001 Black Sea and Sea of Azov 1 250 000 2007 3101 UA2T3101 Black Sea. Western Part 750 000 2020 3102 UA2T3102 Black Sea. Eastern Part 750 000 2020 3103 UA2T3103 Sevastopol Port to Portul Constanta 500 000 2014 3104 UA2T3104 Sevastopol to Novorosiisk 500 000 2017 3105 UA2T3105 Novorosiisk to Persembe Limani 500 000 2016 3106 UA2T3106 Ordu Körfezi to Amasra Limanı 500 000 2018 3107 UA2T3107 Portul Constanţa to Amasra Limanı 500 000 2018 3108 UA2T3108 Sea of Azov 500 000 2018 3201 UA3T3201 Odesa to Gura Sulina 200 000 2009 3202 UA3T3202 Odesa to Zaliznyi Port Settlement 200 000 2021 3203 UA3T3203 Karkinitska Gulf 200 000 2016 3204 UA3T3204 Sevastopol to Tarkhankut Cape 200 000 2020 3205 UA3T3205 Sevastopol to Mehanom Cape 200 000 2020 3206 UA3T3206 Feodosiia to Anapa 200 000 2016 3207 UA3T3207 Anapa to Tuapse 200 000 2017 3208 UA3T3208 Tuapse Port to Pitsunda Cape 200 000 2015 UA3T3209 Pitsunda Cape to Batumi Port 200 000 3209 2015 UA53209A Ochamchyra Port 10 000 3210 UA3T3210 Poti Port to Trabzon Limani 200 000 2016 UA3T3216 Tsarevo Bay to Şile Burnu 200 000 3216 2018 UA53216A Tsarevo Bay 10 000 3217 UA3T3217 Kaliakra Cape to Tsarevo Bay 200 000 2018 UA3T3218 Gura Sfîntu Gheorghe to Kaliakra Cape 200 000 3218 2016 UA43218A Portul Midia 50 000 3219 UA3T3219 From 42°10' N to 43°25' N, from 29°36' E to 31°56' E 200 000 2017 3220 UA3T3220 Sea of Azov. -
An INIRO DUCTION
Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology Item Type Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings Authors Zaitsev, Yuvenaly Publisher Smil Edition and Publishing Agency ltd Download date 23/09/2021 11:08:56 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/12945 Yuvenaiy ZAITSEV шшшшшшишшвивявшиншшшаттшшшштшшщ an INIRO DUCTION TO THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGY Production and publication of this book was supported by the UNDF-GEF Black Sea Ecosystem Recovery Project (BSERP) Istanbul, TURKEY an INTRO Yuvenaly ZAITSEV TO THE BLACK SEA ECOLOGY Smil Editing and Publishing Agency ltd Odessa 2008 УДК 504.42(262.5) 3177 ББК 26.221.8 (922.8) Yuvenaly Zaitsev. An Introduction to the Black Sea Ecology. Odessa: Smil Edition and Publishing Agency ltd. 2008. — 228 p. Translation from Russian by M. Gelmboldt. ISBN 978-966-8127-83-0 The Black Sea is an inland sea surrounded by land except for the narrow Strait of Bosporus connecting it to the Mediterranean. The huge catchment area of the Black Sea receives annually about 400 ктУ of fresh water from large European and Asian rivers (e.g. Danube, Dnieper, Yeshil Irmak). This, combined with the shallowness of Bosporus makes the Black Sea to a considerable degree a stagnant marine water body wherein the dissolved oxygen disappears at a depth of about 200 m while hydrogen sulphide is present at all greater depths. Since the 1970s, the Black Sea has been seriously damaged as a result of pollution and other man-made factors and was studied by dif ferent specialists. There are, of course, many excellent works dealing with individual aspects of the Black Sea biology and ecology. -
Andrew Greller's CV
CURRICULUM VITAE Andrew M. Greller 76 Hillside Lane Syosset, New York 11791 Home tel (516) 364-9377 Office tel (718) 997-3616/3400 Office fax (718) 997-3445 E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected] Birth Date: March 18, 1941 Family: Married; two children (45, 42) Highest Degree: Ph.D. 1967, Columbia University (Ph.D. Thesis: A study of spirality patterns in Lilium tigrinum Ker with special reference to the inflorescence, 118 p.) Other Degrees: M.A. 1964, Columbia University B.S. 1962, The City College, CUNY Employment: Professor Emeritus, Biology Department, Queens College (since 1998) Professor, Biology Department, Queens College, 1987-1998 Associate Professor, Biology Department, Queens College, 1975-1986 Assistant Professor, Biology Department, Queens College, 1967-1974 Travel: Through contiguous United States; western, southern and maritime Canada; Mexico: Baja California [Norte], Baja California Sur, Federal District, Yucatan, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz and Tamaulipas States; Central America and Antilles: Antigua; Aruba, Bahamas, Belize, Bonaire, Costa Rica; Dominica; Grenada; Jamaica; Panama; Puerto Rico; St. Kitts; St. Maarten; Trinidad and Tobago; U.S. Virgin Islands; South America: Suriname; Galapagos Islands, Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador; Chile: from Santiago to Punta Arena; Argentina from Ushuaia to Buenos Aires; Africa: Kenya; Madagascar; Republic of South Africa: Cape Town, West Coast, Overberg, Kwazulu Natal, Mpumalanga; Seychelles; Asia: India (esp. Kerala); Japan (to study forest composition) from Kyushu to Hokkaido; Sri Lanka,; Singapore; Chiang Mai, Thailand; Taiwan; Europe: Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Helsingor, Denmark; Stockholm, Sweden, Helsinki, Finland; Talinn, Estonia; Russia: St. Petersburg, Moscow, (Black Sea:) Pitsunda, Sochi, Sukhumi; Germany: Berlin, Passau; Austria: Duernstein, Salzburg, Vienna; Hungary: Budapest, Nemesvary; Czech Republic: Prague; Slovakia: Bratislava; U.K: London.; France: Paris; Greece: Athens, Peloponnese, Delphi, Mt.