DOCSLIB.ORG

Period Epoch Age Started Ended Lasted Sample Formations 54.1 80

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Period Epoch Age Started Ended Lasted Sample Formations Induan 251 249 2 Early Olenekian 249 245 4 Anisian 245 237 8 Middle Ladinian 237 228 9 51.4 Triassic Carnian 228 216.5 11.5 Ischigualasto, Santa Maria, Argana, Chinle, Dockum Group Late Norian 216.5 203.6 12.9 Chinle Rhaetian 203.6 199.6 4 Keuper? (Date uncertain) Hettangian 199.6 196.5 3.1 Lower Elliot, Lufeng? (Date uncertain) Sinemurian 196.5 189.6 6.9 Upper Elliot, Kayenta Early Pliensbachian 189.6 183 6.6 Kayenta Toarcian 183 175.6 7.4 Aalenian 175.6 171.6 4 Bajocian 171.6 167.7 3.9 54.1 Middle Jurrasic Bathonian 167.7 164.7 3 Xiashaximiao Callovian 164.7 161.2 3.5 Xiashaximiao, Oxford Clay Oxfordian 161.2 155 6.2 Morrison (Canyon City), Shangshaximiao, Oxford Clay Late Kimmeridgian 155 150.8 4.2 Morrison (Como Bluff, Dry Mesa) Tithonian 150.8 145.5 5.3 Morrison (Cleveland-Lloyd), Tendaguru, Solnhofn Berriasian 145.5 140.2 5.3 Tendaguru Valangian 140.2 136.4 3.8 Yixian (Lujiatan) Hauterivian 136.4 130 6.4 Yixian (Lujiatan), Tiouraren Early Barremian 130 125 5 Wealden, Yixian (Jiufotang), Oshih, Cedar Mountain (Basal), Las Hoyas, Tiouraren Aptian 125 112 13 Yixian (Jiufotang), Oshih, Cedar Mountain (Middle), Cloverly, Echkar Albian 112 99.6 12.4 Cedar Mountain (Middle), Cedar Mountain (Mussentuchit), Cloverly, Echkar 80 Cenomanian 99.6 93.5 6.1 Cedar Mountain (Upper), Echkar, Rio Limay, Baharija Cretaceous Turonian 93.5 89.3 4.2 Coniacian 89.3 85.8 3.5 Late Santonian 85.8 83.5 2.3 Baynshirenskaya Svita, Iren Dabashu Campanian 83.5 70.6 12.9 Djadokhta, Dinosaur Park, Judith River, Edmonton (Horseshoe Canyon), Barun Goyot, Fruitland, Maeverano, Two Medicine Maastrichtian 70.6 65.5 5.1 Edmonton (Scollard), Nemegt, Lance, Hell Creek, Lameta, Kirtland, Maeverano Formations Location Animals Argana Morocco Dicynodonts, metoposaurs, rauisuchians, parasuchians, and Azendohsaurus Baharija Egypt Paralititan, Aegyptosaurus, Bahariasaurus, Carcharodontosaurus, Spinosaurus, Megalosaurus, lizards, fishes, terrestrial crocodiles, birds, Quaesitosaurus, Velociraptor, Avimimus, Conchoraptor, Ingenia, Tylocephale, Barun Goyot Mongolia Bagaceratops, Breviceratops, Udanoceratops, Saichania, Tarchia Alectosaurus, Garudimimus, Archaeornithomimus, Enigmosaurus, Erlianosaurus, Erlikosaurus, Segnosaurus, Talarurus, Baynshirenskaya Svitu and Iren Dabashu Mongolia and China Bactrosaurus and Gilmoreosaurus nodosaurids (Gastonia) and iguanodonts (including Iguanodon ottingeri) and also contains 2 species of un-named Cedar Mountain (Basal) Utah sauropods, a small theropod (ornithiomimid?), and the dominant predator Utahraptor, as well as non-dinosaurian vertebrates such as fish, turtles and crocodiles Cedar Mountain (Middle) Utah very large nodosaurid, Tenontosaurus, Sauropelta, Pleurocoelus, Deinonychus and Acrocanthosaurus actinopterygians, elasmobranches, turtles and crocodiles as well as the dominant dinosaur Eohadrosaurus, a small Cedar Mountain (Upper) Utah iguanodont, hypsilophodontids, nodosaurids and small theropods, including Troodon, Ricardoestesia and dromaeosaurids non-marine molluscs, clam-shrimps and insects, and the floodplain parts are dominated by amphibians such as Arizona and New Chinle metoposaurids and phytosaurs. More upland areas were inhabited by aetosaurs, cynodonts (Placerias), carnivorous Mexico archosaurs (Postosuchus) and crocodylomorphs, while dinosaurs include Revueltosaurus, Coelophysis and Chindesaurus Montana and Cloverly Deinonychus, Tenontosaurus, Sauropelta and Microvenator Wyoming Centrosaurus, Corythosaurus, Gorgosaurus, Prosaurolophus and Struthiomimus, Gorgosaurus, Centrosaurus, Dinosaur Park Alberta Chasmosaurus and Styracosaurus Protoceratops, Pinacosaurus and Velociraptor and other ankylosaurs, ceratopians and theropods. In addition, many Djadokhta Mongolia examples of turtles, crocodiles, lizards and mammals Arizona and New Dockum Group Chindesaurus, Technosaurus and Tecovasaurus Mexico Echkar Niger Rugops, Elpaphrosaurus, Ouranosaurus, Spinosaurus, iguanontid and a dubious diplodocid Saurornitholestes, Troodon, Chirostenotes, Dromiceiomimus, Ornithomimus, Struthiomimus, Albertosaurus, Edmonton (Horsehoe Canyon) Alberta Daspletosaurus, Aublysodon, Parksosaurus, Edmontosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Saurolophus, Stegoceras, Edmontonia, Panoplosaurus, Anodontosaurus, Euoplocephalus, Anchiceratops, Arrhinoceratops and Pachyrhinosaurus Troodon, Struthiomimus, Paronychodon, Tyrannosaurus, Hypsilophodon, Parksosaurus, Thescelosaurus, Stegoceras, Edmonton (Scollard) Alberta Leptoceratops, Monoclonius, Triceratops and Ankylosaurus Parasaurolophus, Pentaceratops, indeterminate troodontids, dromaeosaurs, titanosaurids, hadrosaurids, nodosaurids, Fruitland New Mexico ankylosaurids, pachycephalosaurians, ceratopians and possibly species of Albertosaurus, Thescelosaurus and Corythosaurus 5 sp of sharks, 15 bony fish, 8 frogs and salamanders, 10 multituberculate mammals, 6 placental mammals, 11 marsupial mammals, 17 turtles, 10 lizards, 1 champsosaur, 5 crocodilians, 10 ornithischians and 9 saurischians, not including birds). Hell Creek Montana The dinosaur fauna contains numerous remains of theropods, ornithopods, pachycephalosaurians, ankylosaurs and ceratopians, and includes such well known examples as Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus Ischigualasto Argentina Scaphonyx and the cynodont Exaeretodon. Herreresaurus. Eoraptor and Pisanosaurus Dromiceiomimus, Ornithomimus, Struthiomimus, Troodon, Dromaeosaurus, Saurornitholestes, Chirostenotes, Elmisaurus, Albertosaurus, Daspletosaurus, Aublysodon, Brachylophosaurus, Gryposaurus, Kritosaurus, Prosaurolophus, Judith River Alberta Corythosaurus, Lambeosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Thescelosaurus, Gravitholus, Ornatotholus, Pachycephalosaurus, Stegoceras, Panoplosaurus, Edmontonia, Euoplocephalus, Anchiceratops, Centrosaurus, Chasmosaurus, Monoclonius and Styracosaurus cynodonts, crocodylians, turtles, sphenodonts, squamates, pterosaurs and fish it has microfaunal remains of sharks, frogs, Kayenta Arizona protosuchids and early mammals, and a number of dinosaurs including Dilophosaurus, Syntarsus, Massospondylus, Scutellosaurus, Scelidosaurus and an indeterminate heterodontosaurid Formations Location Animals Keuper Germany Sellosaurus, Thecodontosaurus and Plateosaurus, Halticosaurus, Procompsognathus and Liliensternus. Alamosaurus, Kritosaurus, Edmontosaurus, Parasaurolophus, Torosaurus, Aublysodon, Struthiomimus?, Kirtland New Mexico Euoplocephalus?, Pentaceratops, Kritosaurus, Parasaurolophus, and indeterminate theropods and nodosaurids Lameta India Rajasaurus, Indosaurus, Indosuchus, Titanosaurus and Isisaurus Torosaurus, Tyrannosaurus, Edmontosaurus, Pachycephalosaurus, Ankylosaurus, Edmontonia, Thescelosaurus, Troodon, Lance South Dakota Dromaeosaurus, Ornithomimus and Triceratops Iberomesornis, Concornis and Eoalulavis, Pelecanimimus, theropod teeth and fragmentary sauropod and iguanodont Las Hoyas Spain bones Lower Elliott South Africa amphibians, therapsids, Basutodon, Euskelosaurus, Blikanasaurus and Melanorosaurus, and the theropod Alwalia tritylodonts, mammals (Morganucodon and Sinoconodon), Lufengosaurus, Yunnanosaurus, Dilophosaurus, Lukousaurus, Lufeng China Sinosaurus, Dianchungosaurus and Tatisaurus. turtles, bony fish, frogs, snakes, lizards, crocodyliforms, birds (Rahonavis, Vorona), mammals, and dinosaurs Maeverano Madagascar (Majungatholus, Majungasaurus, Titanosaurus Morrison (Canon City) Western US Nanosaurus, Stegosaurus Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Stokesosaurus, Marshosaurus, Camarasaurus, unidentified sauropods , Camptosaurus, Morrison (Cleveland-Lloyd) Western US Stegosaurus and a possible ankylosaur Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, Camarasaurus, Pleurocoelus and Barosaurus, Stegosaurus, Camptosaurus, Laosaurus, Morrison (Como Bluff) Western US Othnielia, Drinker, Dryosaurus, Allosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Ornitholestes and Coelurus Camarasaurus, Diplodocus, Apatosaurus, Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Marshosaurus, Stokesosaurus, Torvosaurus, Morrison (Dry Mesa) Western US Dystylosaurus, Supersaurus, Brachiosaurus and a nodosaurid Adasaurus, Gallimimus, Alioramus, Maleevus, Anserimimus, Oviraptor, Avimimus, Saurornithoides, Bagaraatan, Nemegt Mongolia Tarbosaurus, Borogovia, Therizinosaurus, Elmisaurus, Nemegtosaurus, Opisthocoelicaudia, Saurolophus, Barsboldia, Homalocephale, Prenocephale and Tarchia Oshih Mongolia Harpymimus, Shamosaurus, Altirhinus and ?Iguanodon, and Psittacosaurus ammonites, cephalopods, bivalves, gastropods, marine reptiles (especially ichthyosaurs), Lexovisaurus, Cetiosaurus, Oxford Clay England Lexovisaurus, Cetiosauriscus, Camptosaurus, Lexovisaurus, Sarcolestes, Eustreptospondylus, Omosaurus and an indeterminate hypsilophodontid Rio Limay Neuquen Giganotosaurus, Buitreraptor, Andesaurus, Rebbahisaurus, ?Argentinasaurus, Ekrixinatosaurus, Ilokelesia Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Staurikosaurus Yangchuanosaurus, Szechuanosaurus, Omeisaurus, Mamenchisaurus, Tuojiangosaurus, Chungkingosaurus, and Shangshaximiao Sichuan Chialingosaurus, Guanlong Solnhohn Germany Lizards, pterosaurs, Archeopteryx and Compsognathus crocodiles, bony fish, sharks, pterosaurs, a mammal and several dinosaurs (Kentrosaurus, Elaphrosaurus, Dicraeosaurus, Tendaguru Tanzania Dryosaurus, Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus, Tornieria and Janenschia) Tiouraren Niger Afrovenator, Spinostropheus Two Medicine Montana and Alberta clams, snails, turtles, champsosaurs, Maiasaura, Orodromeus, Troodon and other indeterminate dinosaurs Upper Elliot South Africa Coelophysis, Massospondylus, Lesothosaurus, Heterodontosaurus, Lycorhinus, and Abrictosaurus
Recommended publications
  • Theropod Teeth from the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New Morphotypes and Faunal Comparisons

    Theropod Teeth from the Upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New Morphotypes and Faunal Comparisons

    Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons TERRY A. GATES, LINDSAY E. ZANNO, and PETER J. MAKOVICKY Gates, T.A., Zanno, L.E., and Makovicky, P.J. 2015. Theropod teeth from the upper Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation “Sue” Quarry: New morphotypes and faunal comparisons. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 60 (1): 131–139. Isolated teeth from vertebrate microfossil localities often provide unique information on the biodiversity of ancient ecosystems that might otherwise remain unrecognized. Microfossil sampling is a particularly valuable tool for doc- umenting taxa that are poorly represented in macrofossil surveys due to small body size, fragile skeletal structure, or relatively low ecosystem abundance. Because biodiversity patterns in the late Maastrichtian of North American are the primary data for a broad array of studies regarding non-avian dinosaur extinction in the terminal Cretaceous, intensive sampling on multiple scales is critical to understanding the nature of this event. We address theropod biodiversity in the Maastrichtian by examining teeth collected from the Hell Creek Formation locality that yielded FMNH PR 2081 (the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen “Sue”). Eight morphotypes (three previously undocumented) are identified in the sample, representing Tyrannosauridae, Dromaeosauridae, Troodontidae, and Avialae. Noticeably absent are teeth attributed to the morphotypes Richardoestesia and Paronychodon. Morphometric comparison to dromaeosaurid teeth from multiple Hell Creek and Lance formations microsites reveals two unique dromaeosaurid morphotypes bearing finer distal denticles than present on teeth of similar size, and also differences in crown shape in at least one of these. These findings suggest more dromaeosaurid taxa, and a higher Maastrichtian biodiversity, than previously appreciated.
  • A. K. Rozhdestvensky HISTORY of the DINOSAUR FAUNA of ASIA

    A. K. Rozhdestvensky HISTORY of the DINOSAUR FAUNA of ASIA

    A. K. Rozhdestvensky HISTORY OF THE DINOSAUR FAUNA OF ASIA AND OTHER CONTINENTS AND QUESTIONS CONCERNING PALEOGEOGRAPHY* The distribution and evolution of dinosaur faunas during the period of their existence, from the Late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous, shows a close connection with the paleogeography of the Mesozoic. However these questions were hard to examine on a global scale until recently, because only the dinosaurs of North America were well known, where during the last century were found their richest deposits and where the best paleontologists were studying them — J. Leidy, E. Cope, O. Marsh, R. Lull, H. Osborn, C. Gilmore, B. Brown, and later many others. On the remaining continents, including Europe, where the study of dinosaurs started earlier than it did in America, the information was rather incomplete due to the fragmentary condition of the finds and rare, episodic studies. The Asian continent remained unexplored the longest, preventing any intercontinental comparisons. Systematic exploration and large excavations of dinosaur locations in Asia, which began in the last fifty years (Osborn, 1930; Efremov, 1954; Rozhdestvenskiy, 1957a, 1961, 1969, 1971; Rozhdestvenskiy & Chzhou, 1960; Kielan-Jaworowska & Dovchin, 1968; Kurochkin, Kalandadze, & Reshetov, 1970; Barsbold, Voronin, & Zhegallo, 1971) showed that this continent has abundant dinosaur remains, particularly in its central part (Fig. 1). Their study makes it possible to establish a faunal connection between Asia and other continents, correlate the stratigraphy of continental deposits of the Mesozoic, because dinosaurs are reliable leading forms, as well as to make corrections in the existing paleogeographic structure. The latter, in their turn, promote a better understanding of the possible paths of distribution of the individual groups of dinosaurs, the reasons for their appearance, their development, and disappearance.
  • At Carowinds

    At Carowinds

    at Carowinds EDUCATOR’S GUIDE CLASSROOM LESSON PLANS & FIELD TRIP ACTIVITIES Table of Contents at Carowinds Introduction The Field Trip ................................... 2 The Educator’s Guide ....................... 3 Field Trip Activity .................................. 4 Lesson Plans Lesson 1: Form and Function ........... 6 Lesson 2: Dinosaur Detectives ....... 10 Lesson 3: Mesozoic Math .............. 14 Lesson 4: Fossil Stories.................. 22 Games & Puzzles Crossword Puzzles ......................... 29 Logic Puzzles ................................. 32 Word Searches ............................... 37 Answer Keys ...................................... 39 Additional Resources © 2012 Dinosaurs Unearthed Recommended Reading ................. 44 All rights reserved. Except for educational fair use, no portion of this guide may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any Dinosaur Data ................................ 45 means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other without Discovering Dinosaurs .................... 52 explicit prior permission from Dinosaurs Unearthed. Multiple copies may only be made by or for the teacher for class use. Glossary .............................................. 54 Content co-created by TurnKey Education, Inc. and Dinosaurs Unearthed, 2012 Standards www.turnkeyeducation.net www.dinosaursunearthed.com Curriculum Standards .................... 59 Introduction The Field Trip From the time of the first exhibition unveiled in 1854 at the Crystal
  • Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica

    Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in Later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica

    Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous Asiamerica Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2020-0174.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 04-Jan-2021 Author: Complete List of Authors: Holtz, Thomas; University of Maryland at College Park, Department of Geology; NationalDraft Museum of Natural History, Department of Geology Keyword: Dinosaur, Ontogeny, Theropod, Paleocology, Mesozoic, Tyrannosauridae Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Tribute to Dale Russell Issue? : © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Page 1 of 91 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 1 Theropod Guild Structure and the Tyrannosaurid Niche Assimilation Hypothesis: 2 Implications for Predatory Dinosaur Macroecology and Ontogeny in later Late Cretaceous 3 Asiamerica 4 5 6 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 7 8 Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA 9 Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 USA 10 Email address: [email protected] 11 ORCID: 0000-0002-2906-4900 Draft 12 13 Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. 14 Department of Geology 15 8000 Regents Drive 16 University of Maryland 17 College Park, MD 20742 18 USA 19 Phone: 1-301-405-4084 20 Fax: 1-301-314-9661 21 Email address: [email protected] 22 23 1 © The Author(s) or their Institution(s) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 91 24 ABSTRACT 25 Well-sampled dinosaur communities from the Jurassic through the early Late Cretaceous show 26 greater taxonomic diversity among larger (>50kg) theropod taxa than communities of the 27 Campano-Maastrichtian, particularly to those of eastern/central Asia and Laramidia.
  • Síntesis Del Registro Fósil De Dinosaurios Tireóforos En Gondwana

    Síntesis Del Registro Fósil De Dinosaurios Tireóforos En Gondwana

    ISSN 2469-0228 www.peapaleontologica.org.ar SÍNTESIS DEL REGISTRO FÓSIL DE DINOSAURIOS TIREÓFOROS EN GONDWANA XABIER PEREDA-SUBERBIOLA 1 IGNACIO DÍAZ-MARTÍNEZ 2 LEONARDO SALGADO 2 SILVINA DE VALAIS 2 1Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, España. 2CONICET - Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Av. General Roca 1242, 8332 General Roca, Río Negro, Ar gentina. Recibido: 21 de Julio 2015 - Aceptado: 26 de Agosto de 2015 Para citar este artículo: Xabier Pereda-Suberbiola, Ignacio Díaz-Martínez, Leonardo Salgado y Silvina De Valais (2015). Síntesis del registro fósil de dinosaurios tireóforos en Gondwana . En: M. Fernández y Y. Herrera (Eds.) Reptiles Extintos - Volumen en Homenaje a Zulma Gasparini . Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleon - tológica Argentina 15(1): 90–107. Link a este artículo: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.5710/PEAPA.21.07.2015.101 DESPLAZARSE HACIA ABAJO PARA ACCEDER AL ARTÍCULO Asociación Paleontológica Argentina Maipú 645 1º piso, C1006ACG, Buenos Aires República Argentina Tel/Fax (54-11) 4326-7563 Web: www.apaleontologica.org.ar Otros artículos en Publicación Electrónica de la APA 15(1): de la Fuente & Sterli Paulina Carabajal Pol & Leardi ESTADO DEL CONOCIMIENTO DE GUIA PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA DIVERSITY PATTERNS OF LAS TORTUGAS EXTINTAS DEL NEUROANATOMÍA DE DINOSAURIOS NOTOSUCHIA (CROCODYLIFORMES, TERRITORIO ARGENTINO: UNA SAURISCHIA, CON ENFASIS EN MESOEUCROCODYLIA) DURING PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA. FORMAS SUDAMERICANAS. THE CRETACEOUS OF GONDWANA. Año 2015 - Volumen 15(1): 90-107 VOLUMEN TEMÁTICO ISSN 2469-0228 SÍNTESIS DEL REGISTRO FÓSIL DE DINOSAURIOS TIREÓFOROS EN GONDWANA XABIER PEREDA-SUBERBIOLA 1, IGNACIO DÍAZ-MARTÍNEZ 2, LEONARDO SALGADO 2 Y SILVINA DE VALAIS 2 1Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, España.
  • A Reassessment of the Purported Ankylosaurian Dinosaur Bienosaurus Lufengensis from the Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China

    A Reassessment of the Purported Ankylosaurian Dinosaur Bienosaurus Lufengensis from the Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China

    A reassessment of the purported ankylosaurian dinosaur Bienosaurus lufengensis from the Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China THOMAS J. RAVEN, PAUL M. BARRETT, XING XU, and SUSANNAH C.R. MAIDMENT Raven, T.J., Barrett, P.M., Xu, X., and Maidment, S.C.R. 2019. A reassessment of the purported ankylosaurian dinosaur Bienosaurus lufengensis from the Lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64 (2): 335–342. The earliest definitive ornithischian dinosaurs are from the Early Jurassic and are rare components of early dinosaur faunas. The Lower Lufeng Formation (Hettangian–Sinemurian) of Yunnan Province, China, has yielded a diverse Early Jurassic terrestrial vertebrate fauna. This includes several incomplete specimens have been referred to Ornithischia, including the type specimen of the thyreophoran “Tatisaurus” and other generically indeterminate material. The highly fragmentary Lufeng ornithischian Bienosaurus lufengensis was described briefly in 2001 and identified as an ankylo- saurian dinosaur. Recent studies have cast doubt on this hypothesis, however, and given that the referral of Bienosaurus to Ankylosauria would result in an extensive ghost-lineage extending between it and the first definitive eurypodans (ankylosaurs + stegosaurs) in the Middle Jurassic, the holotype specimen is re-examined and re-described. We identify Bienosaurus as a probable thyreophoran dinosaur, although the fragmentary nature of the material and the absence of autapomorphies means that the specimen should be regarded as a nomen dubium. Key words: Dinosauria, Ornithischia, Thyreophora, anatomy, Jurassic, Lufeng Formation, Yunnan, China. Thomas J. Raven [[email protected]], Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Lewes Road, Brighton BN1 4JG, UK.
  • Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism)

    Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism)

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1986 Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism). Barbara R. Standhardt Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Standhardt, Barbara R., "Vertebrate Paleontology of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Transition of Big Bend National Park, Texas (Lancian, Puercan, Mammalia, Dinosauria, Paleomagnetism)." (1986). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4209. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4209 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a manuscript sent to us for publication and microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to pho­ tograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pages in any manuscript may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. Manuscripts may not always be complete. When it is not possible to obtain missing pages, a note appears to indicate this. 2. When copyrighted materials are removed from the manuscript, a note ap­ pears to indicate this. 3.
  • A Census of Dinosaur Fossils Recovered from the Hell Creek and Lance Formations (Maastrichtian)

    A Census of Dinosaur Fossils Recovered from the Hell Creek and Lance Formations (Maastrichtian)

    The Journal of Paleontological Sciences: JPS.C.2019.01 1 TAKING COUNT: A Census of Dinosaur Fossils Recovered From the Hell Creek and Lance Formations (Maastrichtian). ______________________________________________________________________________________ Walter W. Stein- President, PaleoAdventures 1432 Mill St.. Belle Fourche, SD 57717. [email protected] 605-210-1275 ABSTRACT: A census of Hell Creek and Lance Formation dinosaur remains was conducted from April, 2017 through February of 2018. Online databases were reviewed and curators and collections managers interviewed in an effort to determine how much material had been collected over the past 130+ years of exploration. The results of this new census has led to numerous observations regarding the quantity, quality, and locations of the total collection, as well as ancillary data on the faunal diversity and density of Late Cretaceous dinosaur populations. By reviewing the available data, it was also possible to make general observations regarding the current state of certain exploration programs, the nature of collection bias present in those collections and the availability of today's online databases. A total of 653 distinct, associated and/or articulated remains (skulls and partial skeletons) were located. Ceratopsid skulls and partial skeletons (mostly identified as Triceratops) were the most numerous, tallying over 335+ specimens. Hadrosaurids (Edmontosaurus) were second with at least 149 associated and/or articulated remains. Tyrannosaurids (Tyrannosaurus and Nanotyrannus) were third with a total of 71 associated and/or articulated specimens currently known to exist. Basal ornithopods (Thescelosaurus) were also well represented by at least 42 known associated and/or articulated remains. The remaining associated and/or articulated specimens, included pachycephalosaurids (18), ankylosaurids (6) nodosaurids (6), ornithomimids (13), oviraptorosaurids (9), dromaeosaurids (1) and troodontids (1).
  • A Model Based on Curvatures of Extant Avian Ungual Bones

    A Model Based on Curvatures of Extant Avian Ungual Bones

    Inferring lifestyle for Aves and Theropoda: A model based on curvatures of extant avian ungual bones A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Master of Science by Research in the Faculty of Science & Engineering 2019 Savannah E. Cobb School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Contents List of Figures.........................................................................................................................4-5 List of Tables..............................................................................................................................6 List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................7-8 Abstract......................................................................................................................................9 Declaration...............................................................................................................................10 Copyright Statement...............................................................................................................11 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................12 1 Literature Review........................................................................................................13 1.1 Avians, avialans, and theropod dinosaurs..........................................................13 1.2 Comparative study and claws............................................................................18
  • A Fast-Growing Basal Troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from The

    A Fast-Growing Basal Troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from The

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN A fast‑growing basal troodontid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the latest Cretaceous of Europe Albert G. Sellés1,2*, Bernat Vila1,2, Stephen L. Brusatte3, Philip J. Currie4 & Àngel Galobart1,2 A characteristic fauna of dinosaurs and other vertebrates inhabited the end‑Cretaceous European archipelago, some of which were dwarves or had other unusual features likely related to their insular habitats. Little is known, however, about the contemporary theropod dinosaurs, as they are represented mostly by teeth or other fragmentary fossils. A new isolated theropod metatarsal II, from the latest Maastrichtian of Spain (within 200,000 years of the mass extinction) may represent a jinfengopterygine troodontid, the frst reported from Europe. Comparisons with other theropods and phylogenetic analyses reveal an autapomorphic foramen that distinguishes it from all other troodontids, supporting its identifcation as a new genus and species, Tamarro insperatus. Bone histology shows that it was an actively growing subadult when it died but may have had a growth pattern in which it grew rapidly in early ontogeny and attained a subadult size quickly. We hypothesize that it could have migrated from Asia to reach the Ibero‑Armorican island no later than Cenomanian or during the Maastrichtian dispersal events. During the latest Cretaceous (ca. 77–66 million years ago) in the run-up to the end-Cretaceous mass extinc- tion, Europe was a series of islands populated by diverse and distinctive communities of dinosaurs and other vertebrates. Many of these animals exhibited peculiar features that may have been generated by lack of space and resources in their insular habitats.
  • A Battering Ram?

    A Battering Ram?

    A Battering Ram? All evidence suggests that Pachycephalosaur skulls were built to withstand extreme forces 9 inches of solid bone Bone organized in a radial arrangement- structural support Articulation btw back of skull and vertebrae oriented to transfer forces linearly Articulation btw back of skull and vertebral column built to withstand sideways forces Vertebral column has tongue and groove articulations Spinal column is an S-shaped shock absorber BUT There is no ‘locking’ mechanism on skull to keep battering heads aligned Some Pachycephalosaurs have imprinted blood vessels on dome These factors suggests that head- butting may not be likely Intraspecies Competition (typically male-male) Females are typically choosey Why? Because they have more to loose Common rule in biology: Females are expensive to lose, males are cheap (e.g. deer hunting) Females choose the male most likely to provide the most successful offspring Males compete with each other for access to female vs. female chooses the strongest male Choosey females // Strong males have more offspring => SEXUAL selection Many ways to do this... But: In general, maximize competition and minimize accidental deaths (= no fitness) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PontCXFgs0M http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1941236/giraffe_fight/ http://www.youtube.com/watch? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYDx1y38vGw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULRtdk-3Yh4 Air-filled horn cores vs. solid bone skull caps... Gotta have a cheezy animated slide. Homalocephale Pachycephalosaurus Prenocephale Tylocephale Stegoceras Head butting Pachycephalosaurs Bone structure was probably strong enough to withstand collision Convex nature would favor glancing blows Instead, dome and spines seem better suited for “flank butting” So..
  • A Dinosaur Community Composition Dataset for the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Basin of Mongolia

    A Dinosaur Community Composition Dataset for the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Basin of Mongolia

    Data in Brief 16 (2018) 660–666 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Data in Brief journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/dib Data Article A dinosaur community composition dataset for the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Basin of Mongolia G.F. Funston a,⁎, S.E. Mendonca b, P.J. Currie a, R. Barsbold c a Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9 b Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E3 c Institute of Paleontology and Geology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Box-46/650, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia article info abstract Article history: Dinosaur community composition data for eleven fossil localities Received 1 November 2017 in the Late Cretaceous Nemegt Basin of Mongolia are compiled Received in revised form from field observations and records in the literature. Counts were 28 November 2017 generated from skeletons and represent numbers of individuals Accepted 29 November 2017 preserved in each locality. These data were used in the analyses of Available online 6 December 2017 Funston et al. [1] “Oviraptorosaur anatomy, diversity, and ecology in the Nemegt Basin” in the Nemegt Ecosystems Special Issue of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, where the results are discussed. & 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Specifications Table Subject area Evolutionary Biology More specific subject area Palaeontology and Palaeoecology Type of data Tables, Interactive map How data was acquired Field observations and literature survey Data format Raw tables and .kmz files for Google Earth DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.10.023 ⁎ Corresponding author.