IBM Research Report Service Oriented File Systems Eric Van
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Enhancing the Accuracy of Synthetic File System Benchmarks Salam Farhat Nova Southeastern University, [email protected]
Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks CEC Theses and Dissertations College of Engineering and Computing 2017 Enhancing the Accuracy of Synthetic File System Benchmarks Salam Farhat Nova Southeastern University, [email protected] This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Engineering and Computing. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Engineering and Computing, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd Part of the Computer Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Salam Farhat. 2017. Enhancing the Accuracy of Synthetic File System Benchmarks. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Engineering and Computing. (1003) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1003. This Dissertation is brought to you by the College of Engineering and Computing at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in CEC Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Enhancing the Accuracy of Synthetic File System Benchmarks by Salam Farhat A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Computer Science College of Engineering and Computing Nova Southeastern University 2017 We hereby certify that this dissertation, submitted by Salam Farhat, conforms to acceptable standards and is fully adequate in scope and quality to fulfill the dissertation requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _____________________________________________ ________________ Gregory E. Simco, Ph.D. Date Chairperson of Dissertation Committee _____________________________________________ ________________ Sumitra Mukherjee, Ph.D. Date Dissertation Committee Member _____________________________________________ ________________ Francisco J. -
Clustering with Openmosix
Clustering with openMosix Maurizio Davini (Department of Physics and INFN Pisa) Presented by Enrico Mazzoni (INFN Pisa) Introduction • What is openMosix? – Single-System Image – Preemptive Process Migration – The openMosix File System (MFS) • Application Fields • openMosix vs Beowulf • The people behind openMosix • The openMosix GNU project • Fork of openMosix code 12/06/2003 HTASC 2 The openMosix Project MileStones • Born early 80s on PDP-11/70. One full PDP and disk-less PDP, therefore process migration idea. • First implementation on BSD/pdp as MS.c thesis. • VAX 11/780 implementation (different word size, different memory architecture) • Motorola / VME bus implementation as Ph.D. thesis in 1993 for under contract from IDF (Israeli Defence Forces) • 1994 BSDi version • GNU and Linux since 1997 • Contributed dozens of patches to the standard Linux kernel • Split Mosix / openMosix November 2001 • Mosix standard in Linux 2.5? 12/06/2003 HTASC 3 What is openMOSIX • Linux kernel extension (2.4.20) for clustering • Single System Image - like an SMP, for: – No need to modify applications – Adaptive resource management to dynamic load characteristics (CPU intensive, RAM intensive, I/O etc.) – Linear scalability (unlike SMP) 12/06/2003 HTASC 4 A two tier technology 1. Information gathering and dissemination – Support scalable configurations by probabilistic dissemination algorithms – Same overhead for 16 nodes or 2056 nodes 2. Pre-emptive process migration that can migrate any process, anywhere, anytime - transparently – Supervised by adaptive -
Virtfs—A Virtualization Aware File System Pass-Through
VirtFS—A virtualization aware File System pass-through Venkateswararao Jujjuri Eric Van Hensbergen Anthony Liguori IBM Linux Technology Center IBM Research Austin IBM Linux Technology Center [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Badari Pulavarty IBM Linux Technology Center [email protected] Abstract operations into block device operations and then again into host file system operations. This paper describes the design and implementation of In addition to performance improvements over a tradi- a paravirtualized file system interface for Linux in the tional virtual block device, exposing guest file system KVM environment. Today’s solution of sharing host activity to the hypervisor provides greater insight to the files on the guest through generic network file systems hypervisor about the workload the guest is running. This like NFS and CIFS suffer from major performance and allows the hypervisor to make more intelligent decisions feature deficiencies as these protocols are not designed with respect to I/O caching and creates new opportuni- or optimized for virtualization. To address the needs of ties for hypervisor-based services like de-duplification. the virtualization paradigm, in this paper we are intro- ducing a new paravirtualized file system called VirtFS. In Section 2 of this paper, we explore more details about This new file system is currently under development and the motivating factors for paravirtualizing the file sys- is being built using QEMU, KVM, VirtIO technologies tem layer. In Section 3, we introduce the VirtFS design and 9P2000.L protocol. including an overview of the 9P protocol, which VirtFS is based on, along with a set of extensions introduced for greater Linux guest compatibility. -
Virtio-Fs a Shared File System for Virtual Machines
FOSDEM ‘20 virtio-fs A Shared File System for Virtual Machines Stefan Hajnoczi [email protected] 1 FOSDEM ‘20 About me I work in Red Hat’s virtualization team: virtio-fs virtio-blk tracing VIRTIO specification open source internships QEMU Linux https://vmsplice.net/ “stefanha” on IRC 2 FOSDEM ‘20 What is virtio-fs? Share a host directory with the guest ➔ Run container images from host but isolated inside a guest ➔ File System as a Service ➔ Compile on host, test inside guest ➔ Get files into guest at install time ➔ Boot guest from directory on host See KVM Forum talk for “what” and “why”: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=969sXbNX01U 3 FOSDEM ‘20 How to use virtio-fs “I want to share /var/www with the guest” Not yet widely available in distros, but the proposed libvirt domain XML looks like this: <filesystem type='mount' accessmode='passthrough'> <driver type='virtiofs'/> <source dir='/var/www'/> <target dir='website'/> <!-- not treated as a path --> </filesystem> 4 FOSDEM ‘20 How to use virtio-fs (Part 2) Mount the directory inside the guest: guest# mount -t virtiofs website /var/www And away you go! 5 FOSDEM ‘20 Performance (with a grain of salt) Out-of-the-box performance on NVMe. Virtio-fs cache=none, no DAX. Linux 5.5.0-rc4 based virtio-fs-dev branch 6 FOSDEM ‘20 How do remote file systems work? Two ingredients: 1. A transport for communication TCP/IP, USB, RDMA 2. A protocol for file system operations NFS, CIFS, MTP, FTP Protocol Client Server Transport 7 FOSDEM ‘20 virtio-fs as a remote file system Protocol is based on Linux FUSE -
Load Balancing Experiments in Openmosix”, Inter- National Conference on Computers and Their Appli- Cations , Seattle WA, March 2006 0 0 5 4 9
Machine Learning Approach to Tuning Distributed Operating System Load Balancing Algorithms Dr. J. Michael Meehan Alan Ritter Computer Science Department Computer Science Department Western Washington University Western Washington University Bellingham, Washington, 98225 USA Bellingham, Washington, 98225 USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract 2.6 Linux kernel openMOSIX patch was in the process of being developed. This work concerns the use of machine learning techniques (genetic algorithms) to optimize load 2.1 Load Balancing in openMosix balancing policies in the openMosix distributed The standard load balancing policy for openMosix operating system. Parameters/alternative algorithms uses a probabilistic, decentralized approach to in the openMosix kernel were dynamically disseminate load balancing information to other altered/selected based on the results of a genetic nodes in the cluster. [4] This allows load information algorithm fitness function. In this fashion optimal to be distributed efficiently while providing excellent parameter settings and algorithms choices were scalability. The major components of the openMosix sought for the loading scenarios used as the test load balancing scheme are the information cases. dissemination and migration kernel daemons. The information dissemination daemon runs on each 1 Introduction node and is responsible for sending and receiving The objective of this work is to discover ways to load messages to/from other nodes. The migration improve the openMosix load balancing algorithm. daemon receives migration requests from other The approach we have taken is to create entries in nodes and, if willing, carries out the migration of the the /proc files which can be used to set parameter process. Thus, the system is sender initiated to values and select alternative algorithms used in the offload excess load. -
HPC with Openmosix
HPC with openMosix Ninan Sajeeth Philip St. Thomas College Kozhencheri IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Acknowledgements ● This document uses slides and image clippings available on the web and in books on HPC. Credit is due to their original designers! IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Overview ● Mosix to openMosix ● Why openMosix? ● Design Concepts ● Advantages ● Limitations IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] The Scenario ● We have MPI and it's pretty cool, then why we need another solution? ● Well, MPI is a specification for cluster communication and is not a solution. ● Two types of bottlenecks exists in HPC - hardware and software (OS) level. IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Hardware limitations for HPC IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] The Scenario ● We are approaching the speed and size limits of the electronics ● Major share of possible optimization remains with software part - OS level IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] Hardware limitations for HPC IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] How Clusters Work? Conventional supe rcomputers achieve their speed using extremely optimized hardware that operates at very high speed. Then, how do the clusters out-perform them? Simple, they cheat. While the supercomputer is optimized in hardware, the cluster is so in software. The cluster breaks down a problem in a special way so that it can distribute all the little pieces to its constituents. That way the overall problem gets solved very efficiently. - A Brief Introduction To Commodity Clustering Ryan Kaulakis IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] What is MOSIX? ● MOSIX is a software solution to minimise OS level bottlenecks - originally designed to improve performance of MPI and PVM on cluster systems http://www.mosix.org Not open source Free for personal and academic use IMSc -Jan 2005 [email protected] MOSIX More Technically speaking: ● MOSIX is a Single System Image (SSI) cluster that allows Automated Load Balancing across nodes through preemptive process migrations. -
Introduction Course Outline Why Does This Fail? Lectures Tutorials
Course Outline • Prerequisites – COMP2011 Data Organisation • Stacks, queues, hash tables, lists, trees, heaps,…. Introduction – COMP2021 Digital Systems Structure • Assembly programming • Mapping of high-level procedural language to assembly COMP3231/9201/3891/9283 language – or the postgraduate equivalent (Extended) Operating Systems – You are expected to be competent Kevin Elphinstone programmers!!!! • We will be using the C programming language – The dominant language for OS implementation. – Need to understand pointers, pointer arithmetic, explicit 2 memory allocation. Why does this fail? Lectures • Common for all courses (3231/3891/9201/9283) void func(int *x, int *y) • Wednesday, 2-4pm { • Thursday, 5-6pm *x = 1; *y = 2; – All lectures are here (EE LG03) – The lecture notes will be available on the course web site } • Available prior to lectures, when possible. void main() – The lecture notes and textbook are NOT a substitute for { attending lectures. int *a, *b; func(a,b); } 3 4 Tutorials Assignments • Assignments form a substantial component of • Start in week 2 your assessment. • A tutorial participation mark will • They are challenging!!!! – Because operating systems are challenging contribute to your final assessment. • We will be using OS/161, – Participation means participation, NOT – an educational operating system attendance. – developed by the Systems Group At Harvard – Comp9201/3891/9283 students excluded – It contains roughly 20,000 lines of code and comments • You will only get participation marks in your enrolled tutorial. 5 6 1 Assignments Assignments • Assignments are in pairs • Don’t under estimate the time needed to do the – Info on how to pair up available soon assignments. • We usually offer advanced versions of the – ProfQuotes: [About the midterm] "We can't keep you working assignments on it all night, it's not OS.“ Ragde, CS341 – Available bonus marks are small compared to amount of • If you start a couple days before they are due, you will be late. -
The Utility Coprocessor: Massively Parallel Computation from the Coffee Shop
The Utility Coprocessor: Massively Parallel Computation from the Coffee Shop John R. Douceur, Jeremy Elson, Jon Howell, and Jacob R. Lorch Microsoft Research Abstract slow jobs that take several minutes without UCop be- UCop, the “utility coprocessor,” is middleware that come interactive (15–20 seconds) with it. Thanks to makes it cheap and easy to achieve dramatic speedups the recent emergence of utility-computing services like of parallelizable, CPU-bound desktop applications using Amazon EC2 [8] and FlexiScale [45], which rent com- utility computing clusters in the cloud. To make UCop puters by the hour on a moment’s notice, anyone with a performant, we introduced techniques to overcome the credit card and $10 can use UCop to speed up his own low available bandwidth and high latency typical of the parallel applications. networks that separate users’ desktops from a utility One way to describe UCop is that it effectively con- computing service. To make UCop economical and easy verts application software into a scalable cloud service to use, we devised a scheme that hides the heterogene- targeted at exactly one user. This goal entails five re- ity of client configurations, allowing a single cluster to quirements. Configuration transparency means the ser- serve virtually everyone: in our Linux-based prototype, vice matches the user’s application, library, and con- the only requirement is that users and the cluster are us- figuration state. Non-invasive installation means UCop ing the same major kernel version. works with a user’s existing file system and application This paper presents the design, implementation, and configuration. -
Legoos: a Disseminated, Distributed OS for Hardware Resource
LegoOS: A Disseminated, Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation Yizhou Shan, Yutong Huang, Yilun Chen, and Yiying Zhang, Purdue University https://www.usenix.org/conference/osdi18/presentation/shan This paper is included in the Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI ’18). October 8–10, 2018 • Carlsbad, CA, USA ISBN 978-1-939133-08-3 Open access to the Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation is sponsored by USENIX. LegoOS: A Disseminated, Distributed OS for Hardware Resource Disaggregation Yizhou Shan, Yutong Huang, Yilun Chen, Yiying Zhang Purdue University Abstract that can fit into monolithic servers and deploying them in datacenters is a painful and cost-ineffective process that The monolithic server model where a server is the unit often limits the speed of new hardware adoption. of deployment, operation, and failure is meeting its lim- We believe that datacenters should break mono- its in the face of several recent hardware and application lithic servers and organize hardware devices like CPU, trends. To improve resource utilization, elasticity, het- DRAM, and disks as independent, failure-isolated, erogeneity, and failure handling in datacenters, we be- network-attached components, each having its own con- lieve that datacenters should break monolithic servers troller to manage its hardware. This hardware re- into disaggregated, network-attached hardware compo- source disaggregation architecture is enabled by recent nents. Despite the promising benefits of hardware re- advances in network technologies [24, 42, 52, 66, 81, 88] source disaggregation, no existing OSes or software sys- and the trend towards increasing processing power in tems can properly manage it. -
Architectural Review of Load Balancing Single System Image
Journal of Computer Science 4 (9): 752-761, 2008 ISSN 1549-3636 © 2008 Science Publications Architectural Review of Load Balancing Single System Image Bestoun S. Ahmed, Khairulmizam Samsudin and Abdul Rahman Ramli Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract: Problem statement: With the growing popularity of clustering application combined with apparent usability, the single system image is in the limelight and actively studied as an alternative solution for computational intensive applications as well as the platform for next evolutionary grid computing era. Approach: Existing researches in this field concentrated on various features of Single System Images like file system and memory management. However, an important design consideration for this environment is load allocation and balancing that is usually handled by an automatic process migration daemon. Literature shows that the design concepts and factors that affect the load balancing feature in an SSI system are not clear. Result: This study will review some of the most popular architecture and algorithms used in load balancing single system image. Various implementations from the past to present will be presented while focusing on the factors that affect the performance of such system. Conclusion: The study showed that although there are some successful open source systems, the wide range of implemented systems investigated that research activity should concentrate on the systems that have already been proposed and proved effectiveness to achieve a high quality load balancing system. Key words: Single system image, NOWs (network of workstations), load balancing algorithm, distributed systems, openMosix, MOSIX INTRODUCTION resources transparently irrespective of where they are available[1].The load balancing single system image Cluster of computers has become an efficient clusters dominate research work in this environment. -
SEMINARIS DOCENTS DE CASO 03/04 - 2Q NÚM GRUP: Facultat D´Informàtica De Barcelona - Departament AC - UPC
SEMINARIS DOCENTS DE CASO 03/04 - 2Q NÚM GRUP: Facultat d´Informàtica de Barcelona - Departament AC - UPC Fitxa corresponent al treball sobre un tema d´actualitat dins del tema 6 del curs. Aquest treball també portarà associada una presentació obligatoria del mateix (d’uns 10’) i forma part de la nota NS tal com es va indicar a principi de curs. Aquest treball es pot fer en grups d’1, 2 o 3 persones. Cada grup serà responsable de supervisar l’adequació de la presentació d’un altre grup. El fet de lliurar aquest treball implica l´acceptació de fer-ne una presentació d’un màxim de 10’ a classe a partir de les transparències powerpoint que podran ser distribuïdes com a documentació docent als alumnes de CASO i formar part dels coneixements evaluables de l´assignatura . ELECCIÓ TREBALL: Cal que envieu un mail (amb el format especificat a l´avís del Racó) amb títol de la presentació, els noms, preferència matí/tardai breu descripció a [email protected] . Tot això abans del dimarts 18 de Maig 2004. Després d´aquesta data ja no s'acceptaran. LLIURAMENT: El termini de lliurament dels treballs és fins diumenge 23 de Maig 2004. Els treballs es lliuraran per correu elect rònic a l´adreça [email protected] preferiblement en format PDF. Tamb é es pot enviar en powerpoint usant la plantilla que podeu trobar a http://docencia.ac.upc.es/FIB/CASO/seminaris/TransSEMcaso.ppt o OpenOffice. Tot treball no lliurat dins del termini establert es considerarà no lliurat. PRESENTACIONS ANTERIORS: http://docencia.ac.upc.es/FIB/CASO/seminaris/SeminarisCASO.htm MEMBRES -
Study of Mosix Software Tool for Cluster Computing in Linux
ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 ISSN (Print) 2319 5940 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 10, October 2015 Study of Mosix Software Tool for Cluster Computing In Linux Vinayak D. Shinde1, Priyanka Tarmale2, Shahista shaikh3 H.O.D., Department of Computer Engineering, Shree L.R. Tiwari College of Engineering, Mumbai, India1 Student of M.E, Department of computer Engineering, Shree L.R. Tiwari College of Engineering, Mumbai, India2, 3 Abstract: Mosix conveniently supports a multi-user time-sharing environment for the execution of both sequential and parallel task. it is designed to respond to variations in the resource usage among the nodes by migrating processes from one node to another. Mosix use for load-balancing and to prevent memory depletion from any node .The core of the Mosix technology is the potential of multiple servers (nodes) to work cooperatively. Mosix is a system for sustaining cluster computing. It consists of kernel-level, adaptive resource sharing algorithms that are setup for superiority, overhead-free scalability and ease-of-use of a scalable computing cluster of a single system. It is consider as a leader in the field of high performance computing community. Keywords: Cluster computing, Mosix Technology, scalability in Mosix. 1. INTRODUCTION The mosix technology provide more than two nodes goal is to improve overall (cluster -wide) performance and work combine as they were part of single system. In order to create a convenient lot of different users, townhouse to understand what Mosix does, let us compare a Shared environment for the execution of both sequential and Memory (SMP) multicomputer and a CC.