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Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts -
Central Florida Future, Vol. 39 No. 40, November 27, 2006
University of Central Florida STARS Central Florida Future University Archives 11-27-2006 Central Florida Future, Vol. 39 No. 40, November 27, 2006 Part of the Mass Communication Commons, Organizational Communication Commons, Publishing Commons, and the Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/centralfloridafuture University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Central Florida Future by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation "Central Florida Future, Vol. 39 No. 40, November 27, 2006" (2006). Central Florida Future. 1939. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/centralfloridafuture/1939 FREE • Published Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays www.CentralFforidaFuture.com • Monday, November 27, 2006 Shakin' it up Upper Room.Gospel Lounge Sweeps weekend offers_alternative to dubs and Football and Men's "Basketball pick the mainstream music scene up wins on home turf -SEESPORTS,As - SEE NEWS, A2 ENTERTAINMENT HITTING SHELVES Posting info online can threaten job NATALIE MORERA those managers, 63 percent did ·lishing information about your .screen names are all things Contributing Writer not hire the candidates based personal life online, you're will employers look for. AT.MACH ONE, IT~S on what they found in those ingly giving lip some of your A student who wishes to be Yeur friends may not be the sites. privacy:' known only as Mickey was SUPERMAN only ones reading those notes ''When you publish informa A number of things found on granted a six-month coopera on your Facebook. -
Federalism Versus Regional Control
Working paper Federalism versus Regional Control Implications for Groundwater Resource in India Sheetal Sekhri March 2011 Federalism versus Regional Control: Implications for Groundwater Resource in India ⇤ Sheetal Sekhri† Abstract Federal versus regional control over provision of resources can have di↵erent impli- cations for long run sustainability of natural resources. This paper examines the trade o↵ between short term growth and long term conservation incentives of elected legis- lators from regional and national political parties for groundwater provision. Regional legislators have a stronger incentive to promote regional growth, which can lead to a rapid decline of resource stocks. On the other hand, regional parties are limited to contesting elections from the region, and hence have stronger incentives to conserve re- sources for future periods. These two e↵ects can o↵set each other. This paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that under high cost of provision to the legislators, regional regimes can lead to conservation because they internalize inter-temporal externalities. I use nationally representative data on groundwater from India, and an increase in the cost of groundwater provision for the legislators induced by the reforms in the elec- tricity sector, to show that private competition induced in electricity sector leads to groundwater conservation under regional regimes. JEL Classifications: O12, O13, Q01, Q25, Q56, H54 ⇤I wish to thank Central Groundwater Board of India for providing the groundwater data. Sisir Debnath provided excellent research assistance. Funding from International Growth Centre, London School of Eco- nomics(Grant # RA-2009-11-029) is greatly acknowledged. †Email: [email protected] 1 Introduction There is a fundamental trade-o↵ between resource intensive development initiatives, and sustaining the stock of these resources. -
STATISTICAL REPORT GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1998 the 12Th LOK
STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1998 TO THE 12th LOK SABHA VOLUME II (CONSTITUENCY DATA - SUMMARY) ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI Election Commission of India – General Elections, 1998 (12th LOK SABHA) STATISCAL REPORT – VOLUME II (National and State Abstracts & Detailed Results) CONTENTS SUBJECT Page No. Part – I 1. List of Participating Political Parties 1 - 5 2. Number and Types of Constituencies 6 - 548 Election Commission of India-General Elections, 1998 (12th LOK SABHA) LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES PARTYTYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY NATIONAL PARTIES 1 . BJP BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY 2 . BSP BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY 3 . CPI COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA 4 . CPM COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) 5 . INC INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 6 . JD JANATA DAL 7 . SAP SAMATA PARTY STATE PARTIES 8 . AC ARUNACHAL CONGRESS 9 . ADMK ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHAGAM 10 . AGP ASOM GANA PARISHAD 11 . AIIC(S) ALL INDIA INDIRA CONGRESS (SECULAR) 12 . ASDC AUTONOMOUS STATE DEMAND COMMITTEE 13 . DMK DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHAGAM 14 . FBL ALL INDIA FORWARD BLOC 15 . HPDP HILL STATE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC PARTY 16 . HVP HARYANA VIKAS PARTY 17 . JKN JAMMU & KASHMIR NATIONAL CONFERENCE 18 . JMM JHARKHAND MUKTI MORCHA 19 . JP JANATA PARTY 20 . KEC KERALA CONGRESS 21 . KEC(M) KERALA CONGRESS (M) 22 . MAG MAHARASHTRAWADI GOMANTAK 23 . MNF MIZO NATIONAL FRONT 24 . MPP MANIPUR PEOPLE'S PARTY 25 . MUL MUSLIM LEAGUE KERALA STATE COMMITTEE 26 . NTRTDP(LP) NTR TELUGU DESAM PARTY (LAKSHMI PARVATHI) 27 . PMK PATTALI MAKKAL KATCHI 28 . RPI REPUBLICAN PARTY OF INDIA 29 . RSP REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST PARTY 30 . SAD SHIROMANI AKALI DAL 31 . SDF SIKKIM DEMOCRATIC FRONT 32 . -
Reflections of Amma
Chapter 1 A Darshan Embrace Experiencing Authenticity and Feeling Witnessed To Amma, whether they be a fanatic Hindu or a fanatic Muslim or a fanatic Christian, everybody is her children [sic]. If tomorrow Bin Laden were to come and get a darshan from Amma, Amma would hug him. Amma will not even say that, “oh why are you being a fanatic?” For her, everybody is her children [sic]. So in one sense, she embodies the compassion, compassionate aspect of everything. And so she cannot say that this person is wrong and this person is right. She will not say that. Because as I said, to her, everyone is an expression of the Divine. But that doesn’t mean that she says what they do is correct. And personally, I have seen Amma giving advice to people saying that this is not the correct path to follow, you should change. And so, I would say that, Amma, it is according to each person and their ability to understand and listen and to implement those things that Amma gives the advice. And if they are not ready to hear what Amma says, then Amma will not give them any advice. [It is] just like pouring water on a cup that has been kept upside down. —Br. Dayamrita In 2008, in the midst of the bustling darshan program1 in San Ramon, California, a medical van arrived outside of the overfl owing darshan hall of the ashram. Personal assistants helped Jason, a severely disabled young man with Lou Gehrig’s disease, enter the sacred space. -
The Winonan - 2000S
Winona State University OpenRiver The inonW an - 2000s The inonW an – Student Newspaper 2-7-2007 The inonW an Winona State University Follow this and additional works at: https://openriver.winona.edu/thewinonan2000s Recommended Citation Winona State University, "The inonW an" (2007). The Winonan - 2000s. 169. https://openriver.winona.edu/thewinonan2000s/169 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the The inonW an – Student Newspaper at OpenRiver. It has been accepted for inclusion in The inonW an - 2000s by an authorized administrator of OpenRiver. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wednesday, Feb.Feb. 7, 2007 Volume 85 Issue 15 INSIDE: News Making the DREAM 111 -University Elena Grimm Last year, the act was capitol on Feb. 14 for Rally WINONAN scratched from a large higher Day 2007. switches Web education bill when Gov. The student senate portal from Isabel knows what it's like Tim Pawlenty said he would announced its support said. to dream. veto the bill if it included the for the DREAM Act - "(The DREAM Blackboard to Growing up in Yucatan, DREAM Act clause. as a "symbolic" way to Act) opens up the D2L Mexico, she dreamt about This year, the Winona State enhance its parent organization, scope of students who going to college and becoming University student senate will Minnesota State University want to attend a university 11 Wes Jackson a nurse. be pushing for passage of the Student Association, student like Winona State," Three years ago, Isabel act when they head to the state senate president Carl Soderberg discusses soil moved with her family to See DREAM, Page 6 salvage and Minnesota where she attended Owatonna High School and non-renewable graduated last spring. -
St. John's University Awards Title of Doctor Honoris Causa to Américo
A PR/M AY/J U N 2009 YEAR 26 No.2 Amorim Group news Américo Amorim accompanied by Donald J. Harrington, President of St. John’s University. St. John’s University awards title of Doctor Honoris Causa to Américo Amorim “With this award to Américo Amorim, St. John’s pays tribute to an entrepreneur who has led a truly remarkable life. A successful businessman, Américo Amorim transformed a small cork factory founded by his grandfather in 1870 - the year in which St. John’s was established - into the world’s greatest producer of cork. The Amorim Group has used its leading position to expand its operations into other investment areas, including real estate, finance, tourism, telecommunications, energy and infrastructure.” St. John’s University page 5 Contents 4 CORTICEIRA AMORIM Sustainability Report 9 Amorim Cork Composites among the best in the world is part of aerocork consortium 5 St. John’s University awards title 9 CORTICEIRA AMORIM sponsors “Concours of Doctor Honoris Causa to Américo Amorim Mondial de Bruxelles” 6 Cork stoppers: technical performance and 10 António Rios de Amorim talks about Amorim Cork sustainability in the limelight at “Enoforum 2009” Composites and the Cork Composites sector. 6 Amorim & Irmãos attends 11 CORTICEIRA AMORIM joins ‘Top 25’ of Vinaria 2009 and Expovin Moldova “Drinks Business” magazine Green List 7 Amorim Revestimentos presents new 12 Escape to Quinta Nova collections to the Portuguese press de Nossa Senhora do Carmo 7 Amorim Revestimentos 14 Amorim T&D range inaugurates new factory at CWIEME Berlin 2009 8 Amorim Revestimentos attends “Domotex 14 World Whiskies Conference Asia/Chinafloor” and “Mosbuild 2009” AMORIM reinforces the positive impact of cork in the Whisky sector 8 Amorim Cork South Africa & Amorim 14 Amorim Revestimentos hosts WWF Revestimentos take part in “Decorex – Cape Forest Trade Iberian Network Town”, South Africa Credits HEADQUARTERS: Rua de Meladas nº 380 - 4536-902 Mozelos VFR COPYRIGHT: Grupo Amorim DIRECTOR: Eduardo Correia CO-ORDINATION AND EDITORIAL: Plenimagem, Lda. -
General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha
STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1996 TO THE ELEVENTH LOK SABHA VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS) ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI Election Commission of India – General Elections, 1996 (11th LOK SABHA) STATISCAL REPORT – VOLUME I (National and State Abstracts & Detailed Results) CONTENTS SUBJECT Page No. Part – I 1. List of Participating Political Parties 1 – 6 2. Number and Types of Constituencies 7 3. Size of Electorate 8 4. Voter Turnout and Polling Station 9 5. Number of Candidates per Constituency 10 – 11 6. Number of Candidates and Forfeiture of Deposits 12 7. Candidates Data Summary 13 - 44 8. Electors Data Summary 45 - 76 9. List of Successful Candidates 77 - 90 10. Performance of national Parties Vis-à-vis Others 91 11. Seats won by Parties in States / UT’s 92 - 95 12. Seats won in States / UT’s by Parties 96 - 99 13. Votes Polled by Parties – National Summary 100 - 110 14. Votes Polled by Parties in States / UT’s 111 - 135 15. Votes Polled in States / U.T. by Parties 136 - 151 16. Women’s Participation in Polls 152 17. Performance of Women Candidates 153 18. Performance of Women in National Parties vis-à-vis Others 154 19. Women Candidates 155 - 183 Part – II 20. Detailed Results 184 - 496 Election Commission of India-General Elections, 1996 (11th LOK SABHA) LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES PARTYTYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY NATIONAL PARTIES 1 . AIIC(T) ALL INDIA INDIRA CONGRESS (TIWARI) 2 . BJP BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY 3 . CPI COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA 4 . CPM COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) 5 . -
Re:Configuring Interface Culture – Digital Aesthetics in the Age of Pervasive Computing”
Department of Aesthetic Studies Aarhus University Supervisor Søren Pold PhD dissertation by Lone Koefoed Hansen Submitted 12th Sept 2008 re:configuring interface culture – digital aesthetics in the age of pervasive computing [made with wordle.net] CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. 3! List of enclosed papers............................................................................................. 5! English summary ..................................................................................................... 7! Dansk resumé ........................................................................................................ 11! Part 1 ..................................................................................................................... 15! 1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 17! Outline of dissertation ....................................................................................... 19! 2. Researching digital technologies ....................................................................... 25! Experiencing digitality....................................................................................... 25! Studying software .............................................................................................. 28! 3. Artefactualities .................................................................................................. -
Communal Sharing and Gratitude: How They Interrelate
Department of Social and Organizational Psychology Communal Sharing and Gratitude: How They Interrelate A Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology Cláudia Patrícia Candeias Simão Supervisor: Dr. Beate Seibt, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway, and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Lisboa, Portugal Co-Supervisor: Dr. Simone Schnall, University Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom September, 2013 ii Department of Social and Organizational Psychology Communal Sharing and Gratitude: How They Interrelate A Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology Cláudia Patrícia Candeias Simão Jury Composition: Doctor Sven Waldzus, Associate Professor with Habilitation, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal Doctor Rodrigo Brito, Associate Professor, Universidade Lusófona, Portugal Doctor Tânia Ramos, Researcher, Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal Doctor Rui Costa Lopes, Researcher, Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa (ICS), Portugal Doctor Beate Seibt, Associate Professor, University of Oslo, Norway, and Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal September, 2013 iii iv The research reported in this Dissertation was supported by a Doctoral Grant (SFRH/BD/60413/2009) from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia. v vi Acknowledgments I have to say, this was a long, but nice journey. I enjoyed most of the moments I had the chance to have. Along this journey I learnt so much from so many people, and I had the opportunity to make so many good friends, that now, it is hard to find the right words to express my gratitude. -
Issn: 2278-6236 Performance of Indian National
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278-6236 PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESSIN HARYANA ASSEMBLY ELECTION 2009 Suman* Neeraj** INTRODUCTION In most of the modern states with large areas and population, the government is run by the representatives, who are elected by the people. For electing the representatives, elections are necessary. Elections are fought generally on party basis, though some candidates fight elections as independent candidates. The party, which gets a majority, forms the government. If the representatives, during their tenure, do not work for the welfare of the people, they can be replaced at the time of next elections. In this way, people maintain their control over the government because their representatives know that they can be voted out of power in the next elections if they do not satisfy the people and work for their welfare. Free and fair elections are the basic characteristics of a democracy by which representative are elected. India is one of the largest democracies of the world where the Member of Parliament (MPs) and Member of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and administrator at local level are elected directly by the people.For electing the representatives, elections are necessary. MPs and MLAs elections are fought generally on party basis, though some candidates fight elections as independent candidates.In the post-independence period only ‘Indian National Congress’ was the strongest political party. But in present time the regional parties are becoming powerful. The electoral contest between national parties and regional parties has drawn attention of the political geographers and elections are considered essential for the development of the country. -
Be Kind Trivia Challenge
Be Kind Trivia Challenge 1. How did the Collingwood Youth Centre step up to 6. Acts of kindness release which chemical in help front-line workers during the COVID-19 the brain? pandemic? A) Melatonin A) Sent personalized cards B) Cortisol B) Bought meals C) Norepinephrine C) 3D printed face shields D) Serotonin D) Volunteered in hospitals 7. In which city is the Nobel Peace Prize 2. How many drive-by celebrations did the awarded in? Collingwood Fire department take part in during A) Stockholm, Sweden the spring of 2020? B) Ottawa, Canada A) 52 C) Oslo, Norway B) 152 D) The Hague, Netherlands C) 102 D) 22 8. What international movement started with an Australian man holding a sign in 2004? 3. How many lives was lighthouse keeper A) Random Acts of Kindness Captain George Collin credited with saving? B) Free Hugs A) 22 C) Be Kind to Humankind B) 32 D) Share a Smile C) 42 D) 52 9. What act of sportsmanship was exhibited by a Norwegian coach towards a Canadian 4. In the summer of 2020, Collingwood youths Olympian during the 2006 Turin games? ran lemonade stands to raise money for which A) Handed a ski pole charity? B) Fixed a broken ski A) Black Live Matter C) Tripped a competitor B) Local youth homeless shelter D) Shouted encouragement C) Big Brothers and Sisters D) A&B 10. Who said, "Sometimes it takes only one act 5. Which philanthropist funded Collingwood’s of kindness and caring to change a person’s first public library building? life"? A) Andrew Carnegie A) The Dalai Lama B) Arthur Irving B) Oprah Winfrey C) David Williams C) Jackie Chan D) Britton Bath Osler D) Winston Churchill 1.