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Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014
WID.world WORKING PAPER N° 2019/05 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty March 2019 Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Electorates, 1962-2014 Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty* January 16, 2019 Abstract This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominant- party system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters’ choices. We find no evidence that India’s new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts -
Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam
Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam - GK Notes in PDF Every year 11th December is observed as the 'International Mountain Day.' A theme is set for this day to mark a purpose and to create awareness. This year's theme is “#MountainsMatter.” It will highlight the importance of mountains and their need for youth, water, disaster risk reduction, food, indigenous peoples and biodiversity. Mountains play a pivotal role in our life by altering the weather pattern and climatic conditions. They are also rich in endemic species and has great impact on Natural Ecosystem of the country. Thus, the knowledge of Mountain Ranges is very important from the point of view of various Banking, SSC and other Government Exams. To help you prepare this topic, here's the account of the major Mountain Ranges in India. A Mountain Range is a sequential chain or series of mountains or hills with similarity in form, structure and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. List of the prominent Mountain Ranges in India ⇒ The Himalaya Range • Himalaya is the highest mountain ranges in India • The word Himalaya literally translates to "abode of snow" from Sanskrit. • The Himalayan Mountain range is the youngest mountain range of India and new fold mountain is formed by the collision of two tectonic plates. • Himalayan Mountain Range has almost every highest peak of the world. • On an average they have more than 100 peaks with height more than 7200 m. 1 | P a g e • Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwa are considered as the western and eastern points of the Himalaya. -
Federalism Versus Regional Control
Working paper Federalism versus Regional Control Implications for Groundwater Resource in India Sheetal Sekhri March 2011 Federalism versus Regional Control: Implications for Groundwater Resource in India ⇤ Sheetal Sekhri† Abstract Federal versus regional control over provision of resources can have di↵erent impli- cations for long run sustainability of natural resources. This paper examines the trade o↵ between short term growth and long term conservation incentives of elected legis- lators from regional and national political parties for groundwater provision. Regional legislators have a stronger incentive to promote regional growth, which can lead to a rapid decline of resource stocks. On the other hand, regional parties are limited to contesting elections from the region, and hence have stronger incentives to conserve re- sources for future periods. These two e↵ects can o↵set each other. This paper proposes and tests the hypothesis that under high cost of provision to the legislators, regional regimes can lead to conservation because they internalize inter-temporal externalities. I use nationally representative data on groundwater from India, and an increase in the cost of groundwater provision for the legislators induced by the reforms in the elec- tricity sector, to show that private competition induced in electricity sector leads to groundwater conservation under regional regimes. JEL Classifications: O12, O13, Q01, Q25, Q56, H54 ⇤I wish to thank Central Groundwater Board of India for providing the groundwater data. Sisir Debnath provided excellent research assistance. Funding from International Growth Centre, London School of Eco- nomics(Grant # RA-2009-11-029) is greatly acknowledged. †Email: [email protected] 1 Introduction There is a fundamental trade-o↵ between resource intensive development initiatives, and sustaining the stock of these resources. -
STATISTICAL REPORT GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1998 the 12Th LOK
STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1998 TO THE 12th LOK SABHA VOLUME II (CONSTITUENCY DATA - SUMMARY) ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI Election Commission of India – General Elections, 1998 (12th LOK SABHA) STATISCAL REPORT – VOLUME II (National and State Abstracts & Detailed Results) CONTENTS SUBJECT Page No. Part – I 1. List of Participating Political Parties 1 - 5 2. Number and Types of Constituencies 6 - 548 Election Commission of India-General Elections, 1998 (12th LOK SABHA) LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES PARTYTYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY NATIONAL PARTIES 1 . BJP BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY 2 . BSP BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY 3 . CPI COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA 4 . CPM COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) 5 . INC INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 6 . JD JANATA DAL 7 . SAP SAMATA PARTY STATE PARTIES 8 . AC ARUNACHAL CONGRESS 9 . ADMK ALL INDIA ANNA DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHAGAM 10 . AGP ASOM GANA PARISHAD 11 . AIIC(S) ALL INDIA INDIRA CONGRESS (SECULAR) 12 . ASDC AUTONOMOUS STATE DEMAND COMMITTEE 13 . DMK DRAVIDA MUNNETRA KAZHAGAM 14 . FBL ALL INDIA FORWARD BLOC 15 . HPDP HILL STATE PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC PARTY 16 . HVP HARYANA VIKAS PARTY 17 . JKN JAMMU & KASHMIR NATIONAL CONFERENCE 18 . JMM JHARKHAND MUKTI MORCHA 19 . JP JANATA PARTY 20 . KEC KERALA CONGRESS 21 . KEC(M) KERALA CONGRESS (M) 22 . MAG MAHARASHTRAWADI GOMANTAK 23 . MNF MIZO NATIONAL FRONT 24 . MPP MANIPUR PEOPLE'S PARTY 25 . MUL MUSLIM LEAGUE KERALA STATE COMMITTEE 26 . NTRTDP(LP) NTR TELUGU DESAM PARTY (LAKSHMI PARVATHI) 27 . PMK PATTALI MAKKAL KATCHI 28 . RPI REPUBLICAN PARTY OF INDIA 29 . RSP REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALIST PARTY 30 . SAD SHIROMANI AKALI DAL 31 . SDF SIKKIM DEMOCRATIC FRONT 32 . -
Name of Martyrs of Assam Rifles Pers Who Have Laid
Page 1 NAME OF MARTYRS OF ASSAM RIFLES PERS WHO HAVE LAID THEIR LIVES IN THE CALL OF NATIONAL DUTY YEAR WISE SINCE BEGINNING : ASSAM RIFLES SER NO NAME RANK FORCE/ BELT UNIT DATE OF PLACE OF DEATH BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DUTY DETAILS OF SURVIVING FAMILY MEMBERS CONTACT PRESENT RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS REMARKS NO DEATH DETAILS OF INDL/NOK 1914-1919 1 HARKA SINGH RAI SUB - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 2 PADAMDHOI CHHETRI JAM - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 3 DALU RANA HAV - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 4 JANGBIR LIMBU HAV - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 5 DAL BAHADUR LIMBU HAV - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 6 HANGU RAI HAV - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 7 KHUSHO RAM RAJBANGSHI NK - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 8 KATA RAM MECH NK 31105 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 9 HARKA MAN GURUNG LNK - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 10 BENGAL RAM RANA LNK - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 11 TULSHI RAM RAVA LNK - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 12 THONA RAM MECH LNK - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 13 KARNA SINGH THAPA RFN - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 14 MAN BAHADUR THAPA RFN - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 15 AITA BAHADUR THAPA RFN - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 16 DAL BAHADUR THAPA RFN 30409 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 17 BHAKTA SINGH THAPA RFN - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 18 MOTI LAL THAPA RNF - 3 AR 1914-1919 NA NA NA NA NA WORLD WAR-I 19 HARKA BIR -
General Elections, 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha
STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTIONS, 1996 TO THE ELEVENTH LOK SABHA VOLUME I (NATIONAL AND STATE ABSTRACTS & DETAILED RESULTS) ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA NEW DELHI Election Commission of India – General Elections, 1996 (11th LOK SABHA) STATISCAL REPORT – VOLUME I (National and State Abstracts & Detailed Results) CONTENTS SUBJECT Page No. Part – I 1. List of Participating Political Parties 1 – 6 2. Number and Types of Constituencies 7 3. Size of Electorate 8 4. Voter Turnout and Polling Station 9 5. Number of Candidates per Constituency 10 – 11 6. Number of Candidates and Forfeiture of Deposits 12 7. Candidates Data Summary 13 - 44 8. Electors Data Summary 45 - 76 9. List of Successful Candidates 77 - 90 10. Performance of national Parties Vis-à-vis Others 91 11. Seats won by Parties in States / UT’s 92 - 95 12. Seats won in States / UT’s by Parties 96 - 99 13. Votes Polled by Parties – National Summary 100 - 110 14. Votes Polled by Parties in States / UT’s 111 - 135 15. Votes Polled in States / U.T. by Parties 136 - 151 16. Women’s Participation in Polls 152 17. Performance of Women Candidates 153 18. Performance of Women in National Parties vis-à-vis Others 154 19. Women Candidates 155 - 183 Part – II 20. Detailed Results 184 - 496 Election Commission of India-General Elections, 1996 (11th LOK SABHA) LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES PARTYTYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY NATIONAL PARTIES 1 . AIIC(T) ALL INDIA INDIRA CONGRESS (TIWARI) 2 . BJP BHARATIYA JANATA PARTY 3 . CPI COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA 4 . CPM COMMUNIST PARTY OF INDIA (MARXIST) 5 . -
The Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam
The Mountain Ranges in India for Banking & SSC Exam - GK Notes The rock and sand deposits through the rivers which over the large time period are converted into large land forms called Mountains. Mountains play a pivotal role in our life by altering the weather pattern and climatic conditions. They are also rich in endemic species and has great impact on Natural Ecosystem of the country. Thus, the knowledge of Mountain Ranges is very important from the point of view of various Banking, SSC and other Government Exams. To help you prepare this topic, here’s the account of the major Mountain Ranges in India. A Mountain Range is a sequential chain or series of mountains or hills with similarity in form, structure and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. List of the prominent Mountain Ranges in India ⇒ The Himalaya Range • Himalaya is the highest mountain ranges in India • The word Himalaya literally translates to "abode of snow" from Sanskrit. • The Himalayan Mountain range is the youngest mountain range of India and new fold mountain is formed by the collision of two tectonic plates. • Himalayan Mountain Range has almost every highest peak of the world. • On an average they have more than 100 peaks with height more than 7200 m. 1 | P a g e • Nanga Parbat and Namcha Barwa are considered as the western and eastern points of the Himalaya. • While Mount Everest is the highest peak of the world at 8848 m which lies in the Himalayan Range of Nepal. • It is also the source of many great river ranges, including the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Indus. -
Study Material (2019-2020)
STUDY MATERIAL (2019-2020) CLASS: 4TH STD SUBJECT: SOCIAL STUDIES CHAPTER: 1 OUR COUNTRY INDIA Answer the following questions Q1. Which are the neighbouring countries of India? Ans. China, Nepal, Bhutan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka are the neighbouring countries of India. Q2. How many states and union territories are there in India? Ans. There are 28 states and 8 union territories in India. Q3. When did India gain independence? What type of government does India have? Ans. India gained independence on august 15, 1947.We have democratic form of government in India. Q4. What is the total land area covered by India? Ans. India is the seventh largest country in the world with the total area of 3.287 million km. Q5. List down some of the important industries in India? Ans. Telecommunication, automobile, information technology (IT), chemicals, textile and biotechnology are some of the important industries of India. Think and answer 1. What according to you makes India unique country as compared to other countries of the world? Ans. India is a unique country, as compared to other countries for the following reasons. 1. India is world’s largest democracy. 2. We have a variety of landforms in India. 3. India has a rich and varied culture. 4. India is a multilingual society with no discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, or social status. 5. Its strength is in its “Unity in diversity”. 2. Find out when New Delhi became the capital of India. Why is New Delhi so important for India? Ans. In 1911, it was announced that New Delhi would be the capital of India and on 13 February 1931 it was inaugurated as the capital of the country. -
MAP 4 INDIAN MOUNTAIN RANGES.Indd
PRELIMS SAMPOORN As IAS prelims 2021 is knocking at the door, jitters and anxiety is a common emotion that an aspirant feels. But if we analyze the whole journey, these last few days act most crucial in your preparation. This is the time when one should muster all their strength and give the fi nal punch required to clear this exam. But the main task here is to consolidate the various resources that an aspirant is referring to. GS SCORE brings to you, Prelims Sampoorna, a series of all value-added resources in your prelims preparation, which will be your one-stop solution and will help in reducing your anxiety and boost your confi dence. As the name suggests, Prelims Sampoorna is a holistic program, which has 360- degree coverage of high-relevance topics. It is an outcome-driven initiative that not only gives you downloads of all resources which you need to summarize your preparation but also provides you with All India open prelims mock tests series in order to assess your learning. Let us summarize this initiative, which will include: GS Score UPSC Prelims 2021 Yearly Current Affairs Compilation of All 9 Subjects Topic-wise Prelims Fact Files (Approx. 40) Geography Through Maps (6 Themes) Map Based Questions ALL India Open Prelims Mock Tests Series including 10 Tests Compilation of Previous Year Questions with Detailed Explanation We will be uploading all the resources on a regular basis till your prelims exam. To get the maximum benefi t of the initiative keep visiting the website. To receive all updates through notifi cation, subscribe: https://t.me/iasscore https://www.youtube.com/c/IASSCOREoffi cial/ https://www.facebook.com/gsscoreoffi cial https://www.instagram.com/gs.scoreoffi cial/ https://twitter.com/gsscoreoffi cial https://www.linkedin.com/company/gsscoreoffi cial/ Contents 1. -
Issn: 2278-6236 Performance of Indian National
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences ISSN: 2278-6236 PERFORMANCE OF INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESSIN HARYANA ASSEMBLY ELECTION 2009 Suman* Neeraj** INTRODUCTION In most of the modern states with large areas and population, the government is run by the representatives, who are elected by the people. For electing the representatives, elections are necessary. Elections are fought generally on party basis, though some candidates fight elections as independent candidates. The party, which gets a majority, forms the government. If the representatives, during their tenure, do not work for the welfare of the people, they can be replaced at the time of next elections. In this way, people maintain their control over the government because their representatives know that they can be voted out of power in the next elections if they do not satisfy the people and work for their welfare. Free and fair elections are the basic characteristics of a democracy by which representative are elected. India is one of the largest democracies of the world where the Member of Parliament (MPs) and Member of Legislative Assembly (MLAs) and administrator at local level are elected directly by the people.For electing the representatives, elections are necessary. MPs and MLAs elections are fought generally on party basis, though some candidates fight elections as independent candidates.In the post-independence period only ‘Indian National Congress’ was the strongest political party. But in present time the regional parties are becoming powerful. The electoral contest between national parties and regional parties has drawn attention of the political geographers and elections are considered essential for the development of the country. -
1: RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT and EQUITY Chapter – I INDIA - RELIEF FEATURES KEY WORDS: 1
X State.Social.Chapter-1.Study Material PART – 1: RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND EQUITY Chapter – I INDIA - RELIEF FEATURES KEY WORDS: 1. Relief features : The Features which exhibit differences in elevation of any part of the earth ‘s surface . 2. Relief maps : Maps that seek to depict the surface relief of an area in three dimensions though not necessarily to scale. 3. Peninsula : A stretch of land surrounded by water on three sides . 4. Weathering : The decay and disintegration of rocks of the earth ‘s crust by exposure to the atmosphere . 5. Deposition : The laying down of solid material that has been carried from a distant part of earth ‘ s crust by natural agents like river , wind etc. 6. Perennial : (Permanently) A river that has water throughout the year is called Perennial River .Ex. Ganga, Brahmaputra and Indus etc. 7. Angara Land : Laurasia is also known as the Angara land. This is one of the two land masses from which the present continents originated. 8. Gondwana : Gondwana land is one of the two land masses from wkich the continents originated. Gondwana land is situated to the North of Angara land. 9. Coral Reef : Coral Reef is underwater structure made from Calcium Carbonate secreted by corals and other organic matter of which parts have solidified into limestone. 10. Purvanchal : The Himalayas that are sitjuated on the North-Eastern boundary of India are called Purvanchal ranges.Ex: Patkai hills, Naga hills, Manipuri hills and Mizo hills. 11. Dun : The valley lying between the lesser Himalayas and Shiwalik ranges are called Duns. Ex:- Dehra Dun, Patli Dun, Kotli Dun etc,. -
Daily Self-Assessment Test September 2017 Compilation
Daily Self-Assessment Test Monthly Compilation September 2017 Compilation GUIDED PREPARATION MODULE CSE PRELIMS 2018 48 Tests 24 Subject Sectional Tests 10 Current Affairs Tests 10 CSAT Tests 4 Comprehensive Tests EXAM CENTRES: NEW DELHI & HYDERABAD ............................................................................................................................. Office : Contact Us ; Subscribe at ; 18/15, Basement 011-45508600 www.jigyasaias.com Old Rajendra Nagar WhatsApp- 9650294824 Delhi - 110060 [email protected] 13/09/2017 Print Question Paper 1. Which of the following is/are appointed by the President of India: 1. Comptroller and Auditor General. 2. Chief Election Commissioner. 3. Union Minister. Choose the correct option. A. 1 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 2 only D. All of the above Correct Answer: D Solution All of the are appointed by the President The CAG is appointed by the President Under article 148; The Chief Election Commissioner under article 324. and the Union Minister Under Article 75 Ref: M.Laxmikanth 2. Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) or ‗Amber Box‘ is a term often remains in the news, it is related to: A. UN peace Forces B. FDI in Manufacturing C. WTO negotiations D. Double Tax Avoidance Treaty Correct Answer: C Solution Recently (on 18 July 2017) India and China jointly submitted a proposal to the World Trade Organisation (WTO) calling for the elimination • by developed countries • of the most trade•distorting form of farm subsidies, known in WTO parlance as Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS) or ‗Amber Box‘ support as a prerequisite for consideration of other reforms in domestic support negotiations. Ref: http://www.livemint.com/Politics/GSY4EQ3f09o1FoM5EB1FqI/India•China•jointly•oppose•tradedistorting•agricultural• su.html http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=170392 3.