OCR GCSE (9-1) in Ancient History J198/02
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Reading for Monday 4/23/12 History of Rome You Will Find in This Packet
Reading for Monday 4/23/12 A e History of Rome A You will find in this packet three different readings. 1) Augustus’ autobiography. which he had posted for all to read at the end of his life: the Res Gestae (“Deeds Accomplished”). 2) A few passages from Vergil’s Aeneid (the epic telling the story of Aeneas’ escape from Troy and journey West to found Rome. The passages from the Aeneid are A) prophecy of the glory of Rome told by Jupiter to Venus (Aeneas’ mother). B) A depiction of the prophetic scenes engraved on Aeneas’ shield by the god Vulcan. The most important part of this passage to read is the depiction of the Battle of Actium as portrayed on Aeneas’ shield. (I’ve marked the beginning of this bit on your handout). Of course Aeneas has no idea what is pictured because it is a scene from the future... Take a moment to consider how the Battle of Actium is portrayed by Vergil in this scene! C) In this scene, Aeneas goes down to the Underworld to see his father, Anchises, who has died. While there, Aeneas sees the pool of Romans waiting to be born. Anchises speaks and tells Aeneas about all of his descendants, pointing each of them out as they wait in line for their birth. 3) A passage from Horace’s “Song of the New Age”: Carmen Saeculare Important questions to ask yourself: Is this poetry propaganda? What do you take away about how Augustus wanted to be viewed, and what were some of the key themes that the poets keep repeating about Augustus or this new Golden Age? Le’,s The Au,qustan Age 195. -
The Gabii Project: Field School in Archaeology Rome, Italy June 16- July 20, 2019
The Gabii Project: Field School in Archaeology Rome, Italy June 16- July 20, 2019 About the Gabii Project We are an international archaeological initiative promoted by the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan. We have been excavating the Latin city of Gabii since 2007 in order to study the formation and growth of an ancient city-state that was both neighbor, and rival to, Rome in the first millennium BCE. Our research tackles questions about the emergence of zoning and of proper city blocks, street layouts and their relationship to city walls, definition of élite and commoner neighborhoods, development of monumental civic architecture, abandonment and repurposing of public and private areas, and much else, through the integration of spatial data, architecture and stratigraphy, and a wide variety of finds spanning from the Iron Age to the Late Roman periods. What you will learn • The archaeology of Rome and Latium, including guided trips to select sites and museums and off-site lectures • Excavation and interpretation of ancient Gabii • Digital, cutting edge recording techniques • Scientific processes, including environmental and biological analysis What is included • Program costs: $4,950 for first time volunteers/ $4,450 for returners. • Accommodations in vibrant Trastevere, Rome. • Insurance, equipment, local transportation, weekday lunches, select museum fees. • 24/7 logistical support. APPLY NOW! • Apartments include: kitchen facilities, washing machines, wireless internet. Fill out the online application at Not included: international flights http://gabiiproject.org/apply-now. Applications must be submitted by March 1st, 2019. Questions? Contact us [email protected] . -
Saevae Memorem Iunonis Ob Iram Juno, Veii, and Augustus
Acta Ant. Hung. 55, 2015, 167–178 DOI: 10.1556/068.2015.55.1–4.12 PATRICIA A. JOHNSTON SAEVAE MEMOREM IUNONIS OB IRAM JUNO, VEII, AND AUGUSTUS Arma virumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris Italiam, fato profugus, Laviniaque venit litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto vi superum saevae memorem Iunonis ob iram. Aen. I 1–4 Summary: A driving force in Vergil’s Aeneid is the hostility of Juno to the Trojans as they approach, and finally arrive in Italy. The epic in some ways mirrors the opposition encountered by Augustus as the new ruler of Rome. Juno’s opposition to the Trojans has its origin not only in Greek mythology, but in the his- tory of the local peoples of Italy with whom early Romans had to contend. From the outset of the poem she becomes the personification of these opposing forces. Once the Trojans finally reach mainland Italy, she sets in motion a long war, although the one depicted in the Aeneid was not as long as the real wars Ro- mans waged with the Latin League and with the many of the tribes of Italy, including the Veii. The reality of the wars Rome had to contend with are here compared to the relatively brief one depicted in the Aeneid, and the pacification of Juno reflects the merging of the different peoples of Rome with their subjugator. Key words: Juno, saeva, MARS acrostic, Etruscan Uni, evocatio, Veii, Fidenae, Aventinus, Gabii, Prae- neste, Tibur, Tanit, Saturnia, Apollo, Cumae and Hera, asylum, Athena, Aeneas, Anchises’ prophecy An important part of Augustan Myth is found in Vergil’s depiction of Juno, who is named in the opening lines of the epic and is a persistent presence throughout the poem. -
Cneve Tarchunies Rumach
Classica, Sao Paulo, 718: 101-1 10, 199411995 Cneve Tarchunies Rumach R.ROSS HOLLOWAY Center for Old World Archaeology and Art Brown University RESUMO: O objetivo do Autor neste artigo e realizar um leitura historica das pinturas da Tumba Francois em Vulci, detendo-se naquilo que elas podem elucidar a respeito da sequencia dos reis romanos do seculo VI a.C. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Tumba Francois; realeza romana; uintura mural. The earliest record in Roman history, if by history we mean the union of names with events, is preserved in the paintings of an Etruscan tomb: the Francois Tomb at Vulci. The discovery of the Francois Tomb took place in 1857. The paintings were subsequently removed from the walls and became part of the Torlonia Collection in Villa Albani where they remain to this day. The decoration of the tomb, like much Etruscan funeral art, draws on Greek heroic mythology. It also included a portrait of the owner, Vel Saties, and beside him the figure of a woman named Tanaquil, presumably his wife (this figure has become almost completely illegible). In view of the group of historical personages among the tomb paintings, this name has decided resonance with better known Tanaquil, in Roman tradition the wife of Tarquinius Priscus. The historical scene of the tomb consists of five pairs of figures drawn from Etruscan and Roman history. These begin with the scene (A) Mastarna (Macstma) freeing Caeles Vibenna (Caile Vipinas) from his bonds (fig.l). There follow four scenes in three of which an armed figure dispatches an unarmed man with his sword. -
Imperial Cuirass-Ornamentation
126 IMPERIAL CUIEASS-OENAMENTATION, IMPERIAL CUIRASS-ORNAMENTATION, AND A TORSO OF HADRIAN IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. IN the last volume of the Journal of Hellenic Studies (vi. pp. 378-380) Prof. Newton has commented at length on some remarks made by me in the same volume (vi. pp. 199—201) on the torso of an imperial statue found at Cyrene and now in the British Museum. Before considering Mr. Newton's paper in detail I may be permitted to say a few words on the subject of cuirass-ornamentation in general. In his Winckelmanns-fest-program for 1868, Dr. Hiibner referred to the want of a classified list of ornamented cuirasses of emperors. No one has, at present, attempted to compile such a list, which would, practically, have to take the form of a complete monograph on statuae thoracatae, in which the restorations, style, material, pose, and attribution of each figure would have to be carefully studied. To carry out this work it would be necessary to make a personal examination of a large number of statues which have not hitherto been critically described, and which have suffered greatly at the hands of restorers. A difficulty which specially complicates the study of this class of monuments would also have to be borne in mind— namely, that in many cases the body of imperial statues appears to have been originally made apart from the head. It seems certain that it was sometimes the practice to export from Greece torsos of Greek marble with ornamented cuirasses for sale in Italy or elsewhere—such torsos being provided with heads AND A TORSO OF HADRIAN. -
Etruscan Women and Social Structure
ETRUSCAN WOMEN AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE © 2011 Max Dashu Etruscan culture was a fusion. It mixed ethnicity and non-Indo-European language from Asia Minor with ancient Italian lines. People wore boots with turned-up toes like the Hittites and Hurrians. Their art was influenced by Crete, Phoenicians, Cypriots, and Greeks. Its paintings followed the Kemetic gendering convention, by way of Crete and Greece, of red-brown men and lightskinned women. Etruscan tombs included neo-megalithic elements related to Corsica and Sardinia. Temples had smooth painted columns modeled on Cretan and Mycenaean precedents, while other elements aligned with contemporary Greece and the extensive terracotta rooftop figures were unique to Etruria. Right: the Etruscans adopted Kemetic conventions of gendered color coding, men red-brown and women light or golden Classical Etruscan society was class-ranked, with aristocrats, not much of a middle class, and etera or lautni. These words are misleadingly translated as servi or familiae, Latin words for slaves. A better word would be clientela, since the lautni “had property rights” and could ascend socially, including marrying into the ranking family. [Heurgon, 1959, 32-33] The difference between ladies and servants “is not always particularly marked” in early Etruscan art. [Haynes, 132] So there are sharp differences with later Roman slavery. Etruscan women, whether married or unmarried, were famously free. Sarcophagi display their aura of complete self-confidence, and the affection of their male partners. They who took part in public events, participated in councils and in nude athletics. The liberty of Etruscan women was notorious among the Greeks and Romans, who were scandalized at the liberty they enjoyed. -
L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (Uncounted King of Rome
L31 Passage Romulus and Titus Tatius (uncounted king of Rome) are gone Numa Pompilius is made the second king Numa known for peace, religion, and law Temple of Janusdoors open during war, closed during peace; during Numa’s reign, doors were closed L32 Passage Tullus Hostilius becomes third king (mega war) Horatii triplets (Roman) vs. Curiatii (Albans) Two of Horatii are killed immediately; Curiatii are all wounded Final remaining Horatius separates Curiatii and kills them by onebyone Horatius’ sister engaged to one of the Curiatii; weeps when she sees his stuff; Horatius, angry that she doesn’t mourn her own brothers, kills her L33 Passage Tullus Hostilius makes a mistake in a religious sacrifice to Jupiter Jupiter gets angry and strikes his house with a lightning bolt, killing Tullus Ancus Marcius becomes fourth king Ancus Marcius is Numa’s grandson Lucumo (later Lucius Tarquinius Priscus) moves from Etruria to Rome to hold public office at the advice/instigation of Tanaquil While moving, eagle takes his cap and puts it back on Lucumo’s head Tanaquil interprets it as a sign of his future greatness throws Iggy Iggs parties, wins favor becomes guardian of the king’s children upon Ancus’ death L34 Passage Lucius Tarquinius Priscus makes himself fifth king Servius Tullius is a slave in the royal household Tanaquil has a dream that Servius’ head catches on fire She interprets as a sign of greatness LTP makes Servius his adopted son hire deadly shepherd ninjas to go into the palace and assassinate -
Funerary Ritual and Urban Development in Archaic Central Italy by Jennifer Marilyn Evans a Disser
Funerary Ritual and Urban Development in Archaic Central Italy By Jennifer Marilyn Evans A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor J. Theodore Peña, Chair Professor Christopher Hallett Professor Dylan Sailor Professor Nicola Terrenato Professor Carlos Noreña Spring 2014 Copyright 2014, Jennifer Marilyn Evans Abstract Funerary Ritual and Urban Development in Archaic Central Italy by Jennifer Marilyn Evans Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archaeology University of California, Berkeley Professor J. Theodore Peña, Chair This dissertation examines the evidence for burial in archaic Rome and Latium with a view to understanding the nature of urban development in the region. In particular, I focus on identifying those social and political institutions that governed relations between city‐ states at a time when Rome was becoming the most influential urban center in the area. I examine the evidence for burial gathered primarily from the past four decades or so of archaeological excavation in order to present first, a systematic account of the data and second, an analysis of these materials. I reveal that a high degree of variation was observed in funerary ritual across sites, and suggest that this points to a complex system of regional networks that allowed for the widespread travel of people and ideas. I view this as evidence for the openness of archaic societies in Latium, whereby people and groups seem to have moved across regions with what seems to have been a fair degree of mobility. -
Rebecca Deitsch Summer 2016 Jane C. Waldbaum Archaeological Field School Scholarship Report on the Gabii Project
Rebecca Deitsch Summer 2016 Jane C. Waldbaum Archaeological Field School Scholarship Report on the Gabii Project As a Classical Philology major and a history enthusiast, I knew a lot about Roman history when I arrived at Gabii. I quickly realized, however, that historical knowledge and archaeological knowledge were two very different things. At Gabii, I was always learning something new and wonderful, and I can honestly say that the Gabii Project was one of the most fruitful educational experiences that I have ever had, simply because my beginning knowledge of the field was so slight. For this reason, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to the AIA and the Waldbaum Scholarship Fund. Without this scholarship, which I used to pay part of the tuition of the Gabii Project, I would not have been able to participate, and I would have missed an amazing opportunity to grow as a classicist. Gabii, an ancient Latin city that lies 18 km outside of Rome, has been since 2007 the site of excavations under the direction of Professor Nicola Terrenato of the University of Michigan. This year, there were three areas open on site – Areas C, G/H, and I. I was assigned to work in Area G/H under the supervision of Professor Andrew Johnston of Yale University. This assignment pleased me very much, for several reasons. First, many of the stratigraphic units (SUs) that we would be excavating in G/H would come from the imperial and Republican periods, which are my primary fields of interest (whereas in Area C, for instance, they were working in the Iron Age). -
Greenfield, P. N. 2011. Virgin Territory
_____________________________________ VIRGIN TERRITORY THE VESTALS AND THE TRANSITION FROM REPUBLIC TO PRINCIPATE _____________________________________ PETA NICOLE GREENFIELD 2011 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics and Ancient History The University of Sydney ABSTRACT _____________________________________ The cult of Vesta was vital to the city of Rome. The goddess was associated with the City’s very foundation, and Romans believed that the continuity of the state depended on the sexual and moral purity of her priestesses. In this dissertation, Virgin Territory: The Vestals and the Transition from Republic to Principate, I examine the Vestal cult between c. 150 BCE and 14 CE, that is, from the beginning of Roman domination in the Mediterranean to the establishment of authoritarian rule at Rome. Six aspects of the cult are discussed: the Vestals’ relationship with water in ritual and literature; a re-evaluation of Vestal incestum (unchastity) which seeks a nuanced approach to the evidence and examines the record of incestum cases; the Vestals’ extra-ritual activities; the Vestals’ role as custodians of politically sensitive documents; the Vestals’ legal standing relative to other Roman women, especially in the context of Augustus’ moral reform legislation; and the cult’s changing relationship with the topography of Rome in light of the construction of a new shrine to Vesta on the Palatine after Augustus became pontifex maximus in 12 BCE. It will be shown that the cult of Vesta did not survive the turmoil of the Late Republic unchanged, nor did it maintain its ancient prerogative in the face of Augustus’ ascendancy. -
< ;-Thames & Hudson
Philip Matyszak and Joanne Berry OF THE ROMANS With 217 illustrations, 135 in color -<�;- Thames Hudson & HALF-TITLE Bronze bust of (1616). Decius Mus typified the Augustus, formerly Octavian, warrior aristocracy of the early 27-25 BC. Republic, when Roman leaders FRONTISPIECE Fourth-century were expected to command from mosaic of a house on a lake. the front. PREVIOUS PAGE Bust of Lucius OPPOSITE Romulus and Remus Cornelius Sulla, 138-78 BC. being suckled by the wolf, thought BELOW Decius Mus addressing the to be an Etruscan statue of the sth Legions, by Peter Paul Rubens century BC. © 2008 Thames & Hudson Ltd, London All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any other information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 2008 in hardcover in the United States of America by Thames & Hudson Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10110 thamesandhudsonusa.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2008901001 ISBN 978-o-soo-25144-7 Printed and bound in Singapore by Tien Wah Press (Pte) Ltd 5 I BRUTUS LIBERATOR OF ROME The history of the Roman Republic both begins and ends with a Brutus. Marcus Brutus assassinated Julius Caesar soo years after Lucius Brutus expelled Rome's last king and established the Republic which Caesar over threw. Both Marcus and Lucius Brutus were known and trusted by the autocrats they destroyed. Lucius Junius Brutus was part of the royal family. -
An Exploration of Early Romanization: a Comparative and Semiotic Approach
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2016 An Exploration of Early Romanization: A Comparative and Semiotic Approach Mikel Wein Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/705 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] AN EXPLORATION OF EARLY ROMANIZATION: A COMPARATIVE AND SEMIOTIC APPROACH by MIKEL C. WEIN A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, the City University of New York 2016 ©2016 MIKEL C. WEIN All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies satisfying the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. __________________________________________ ____________________ __________________________________________ Date Thesis Adviser __________________________________________ _____________________ __________________________________________ Date Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract AN EXPLORATION OF EARLY ROMANIZATION: A COMPARATIVE AND SEMIOTIC APPROACH by Mikel Wein Adviser: Professor Alexander Bauer Romanization became a popular academic topic after its initial proposal in 1915 by Francis Haverfield. Even today, it is maintained as a popular theory to explain how Rome came to dominate everything from the Italian peninsula to Roman Britain. Traditionally, Romanization has been framed using a theoretical framework of dominance through cultural diffusion.