E EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA C S 339 Lafayette Street A Phone: (212) 477-0066 New York, N.Y. 1001L Fax: (212) 979-1013 #188 12 February 1998 founded Z2 June Z956 Mandela in

middle as 'SA 1 HI INIH i'l r-.I'I'. ' ~"lIJRI)~\ 7 II ~Ri'''R\ I'''.' tackles rugby arrogancc and obstinacy of Yesterday Joel Netshiten­ delighted white South Louis Luyt, the South African me, the President's spokesman, Rughy Football Union (Sarfu) IBid there might still be an ap­ old guard Africans when he donned presidcnt. For years he has peal against the "somewhat ex­ a Springbok shirt. But dominated the game, and his traordinary" decision to now he is embroiled in a grip on the sport, despite the ef­ subpoena Mr Mandela to ap­ row over racism in rugby forts ofa handful ofofficials, re­ pear in court next month. There which may end with his mains absolute. are concerns that a precedent Mr Luyt, who made his for­ could be set which would restrict appearanc:e in court. tune in fertiliser, recently the President's constitutional Mary Braid in quashed an internal Sarfu revolt powers. Anyone would be able .reports. against him. He also humiliat· ed the leader of Ihe rebellion, "1 to challenge his decisions and a Coloured (mixed-race) rugby I he would spend all his time in Thn:e year> agl1 President Man­ official called Brian van ,court. Outside- the COurt·room dela thrilkd white Rooyen. Mr van Rooyen then the battle goes on. h\' appearing in a Springhok took his allegations of racism A few days ago Mluleki rugh~ shirl. Emhracing the old and financial mismanagement George, the National Sports n:gime's national game - rughy - including involvement of Mr Council president, called for an is a quasi-religious institution fm Luyt's relatives in the com­ international boycott of rughy Afrikan..:TS - was an inspin:d ges­ mercial side ofthe game • to the if Sarfu did not come up with ture in the campaign to achieve government, already frustrated more racially representative racial r..:conciliation. by the state ofrugby, and by Mr teams. Those were the early days Luyt. The Dational learn now of naivc hopc and great expec­ Mr Luyt ignored all govern­ boasts one Coloured member. tations wh..:n. with hindsight, ment appeals for the rugby "This is not a threat," be said. gestures were mistaken for suh­ union to co-operate with an in­ "But a warning about how se­ stanc..:. That thc TOad to rec­ vestigation and instructed onciliation is proving long and provincial unions not to comply rious the situation in rugby has hard was confirmed this week with requests for information. bec:ome.lfwe (the NSC) do not by the fact that President Man­ Now he is in court challenging ICC a change this season we will dela has been subpoenaed to the government's right to ap­ be forced to take drastic steps· give evidence in a court battle point a commission to investi· and that meanscalling for a stop between the government and gate. The case got off to a to any intemational rugby rugby's aid guard. suitably bitter start when Mr teams coming to piay in South At the centre of the dispute Luyt accused Steve Thhwete, the Africa. It is an extreme measur..: is the management of a game sports minister, of conducting in which, four years after the ar­ a personal vendetta against but we and the underprivileged rival of black majority rule, him. He also said Mr Mandela communities cannot wait for players, organisers and fans reo had allowed himself to be used ever for change." The irony of main almost exclusively white. when he rubber·stamped the an apartbeid-era device being Cricket, the other great formation of the commission. resurrected in the new South white South African sport, has Mr Luyt's lawyers argued Africa was not lost. Hostilitk~ taken itself to the townships to that since Sarfu received no look certain to beigh~en unless pull in blacks. When it comes money from the state, the way Mr Luyt undergoes a sudden to racial transformation, rugby it conducted its business was a and entirely uncbaracteristic is miles behind, dogged by ac· private matter. The govern­ change of beart. cusations of racism. The cause ment's lawyers disagreed. They was not helped when Andre insisted rugby was a crucial Markgraaff, the national coach, factor in rebuilding South was sacked last year for calling Africa, and that if Sarfu was black rugby officials "kaffirs". seen as a private concern, the Mr Mandela says he is quite government would have to re­ happy to testify. But many will view its use of the national flag see his summons as proofofthe and use of the Springbok name. Women and disabled finn up the moral fihn: of ou r ~,'au~ • MAIL a GUARDIAN people made up the nation ... nol th, government say' '''. .,.. ,...... 24t.7to~.t_ ordan'Slnterpretation Is that It JUard of honour for ~6tin~d:ilU J laid the Afr1can1st bogoPy to rest: Nelson Handela when "'~"il'" "!fyou look at the thrust and the vi· he opened Parliament Although hl" ddl"mkd sion ofthose people who were talklng - yesterday. Mary 8roid In the governmenl'" remrd in in terms ofan Afrlcanlst thrust, if --z. Cape Town laYS they delivering basi, scrvil"l"' I" ~ - the poor, he admilll'd 1m thl' there was any African1st threat, It has -r:-:' coulcl -:: -: not shield him fin! time lhatthl' gowmm,nl Africanist · been oompletely buried ... The first 10 ?' - 7' 7 from harsh criticism would nOI meel iI' ekction .pos1t:loos dorot reflect that Inthe least, ./ - OYer minI crime and promise to build ) million so you have a J;'eamrmatlon of the other fallin,•. houses in fiw yl'ar.;. 11 wa' a threat is ANC's non·racial character." significant lldmis.'ion. giwn Phillip Dexter, a South African that elections arc only a ~'l'aT Communist Party member elected to It may have been the most sway. Financial analvsl' Wl'rl" the NEC, said he thought delegates politically correct opening happy with his continul'd buried went for a strmgbalance .1beywant of parliament in·the world. commitment to fiscaltargl't' peoplefrom the executive whocan get When Mr Mandela walked and with his promise thai the on with delivery and governance ... down the red carpet to opall numbers working in the puh­ 1iltl1ilMLM:>~ Apart from gender, ifyou look at the lie sector would he CUI. he powerful showing offor· session before the country's But the announcement cross·section ofage, race, political mer Mass Democratic Mov~ second democratic elections. will have dismayed man) in beckgroundandexperience. you have T ment activista at last week's he was flanked by 60 disabled a country where unemploy· elections for the African National a dynamic mix ofpeople." children and wheelchair· ment among blach is ram· QqresseJI!ICUtive demmstratedjust Speaking off the record, a leading bound adults. ,.•.• 1II0~,R aH\i1~ bow keen ~ movement's rank-and· ANC member said: "The kind or pe0­ Although the military ~sdesigned ft1e members were to ensure a bal· plewhothought theywould get away men lined up for bis ascent to encourage companies to ance ~forces in their1eadarship. "'- withsmoke and mjmlrswere trounc· of the stairs into parliamen· employ more blacks. Political t's Great Hall, the guard of '!be "populists" - who dominat· ed. Prior to the conference, the old ana!ysl Steven Friedman said honour for the first time was he was surprised the Presi· edthetqllOranking> inBloemfontein NEC, particularly leaders from the government, were panicking, saying entirely female. After the p0­ dent bad chosen to broach tbree yean ago - suffered a severe litical fireworks of six weeks the subject of CUlling an es­ lKl% ofthe conference delegates had eetback. Delegates opted instead for ago at the ANC party con­ timated 1.2 million public· Cabinet's technocrats, those with a never rome to the ronference before. ference in Mafikeng, it was a sector jobs ahead of neX1 proven track record in government "They were behaving as ifthey swprisingly soft occasion. At year's elections. "It is a daunt· Butthebignews was the stwming were an uneducated, illiterate mass, the Mafikeng conference be ing task for them in a pre . comeback ofthe former MOM with butthe way inwhich the delegates rot· appeared to serve notice on election year." he said. topping the na· performed their leadership was star· the privilege of the white mi­ President Mandela de· tional executive committee (NEC) tling. Itwill be interesting to see bow nority, in an attack on what dined to sugar the pill for or· list, daysafter Patrick "Terror" I.eko­ thismanifests 1tgelfin thenew NEC." he said was their W I'fJt!G dinary voters. But he did nOI MUIlDItIif.\'~con· bow to business leaders who ta-alsoanex-MOMactivist-had Human Sciences Research C0un­ ciliation. criticise the new employ. made Minister ofSport and Recre· cil analyst Vincent Maphai singled out the showing ofCyril Rarnaphosa Yesterday the President, ment bill. The government ation eat humble pie who has handed his party and would not be deterred by the significant "I thought that having to become ANC national chair. as day-to-day running of gov­ "sirens ofself-interest" being Close on Rarnaphosa'sheels were left activepolitics, he wouldnot have ernment to his deputy, lbabo sounded in defene.l'HI'E Cabinet ministers , fared as well as he did. Itraises sig· Mbeki, dropped the language _~that , and nificant questions about about what of accusation for a more equated women, blacks and . The four hisfuture should be." moderate appeal to con­ the disabled with low stan· were key activists in the MOM. AnotherANC ~iaI thoughtthat science. All South Africans, dards. Opposition parties Minister ofEnvironmental Af· pu1.lybecause 90manyIeedership is­ and especially whiles, should condemned the speech as perform voluntary commu· lacklustre. They were partie· fairs and Tourism , a sues were discussed In advance, alair amount d consensus was reeched be­ nity service, to give back to ·u1arly scatbing of the Presi­ former exile who is· nevertheless society what they bad gained. dent's insistence \hat the b'ehand.-.befactthat 90manype0­ seen as a dissidentfrom mainstream He called for "moral regen­ rountry's crime problem was ple inC8binet returned the exile thinking and who was almost were on to eration" and a "new patrio· being exaggerated and that' ~ driven iilto the political wilderness NEe is a demonstration oonftdence tism" to fight crime and most crimes had decreased last year, scored third·highest .... IIlthe.~" •. " unemployment. "This is our since bis government. came call to au South Africans, to into power. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR'

...... THE INDEPENDENT SATURDAY 20 DECEMBER 1997

Mandela's burden whom did not mind torturing ofso many white people and the ter all these years, ofrourse, but and killing black people. One companies tbey run suggests essential. - Sir: In your editorials, and still does not need to be a comrade that they fall slt6rlof whole· Finally, you refer to the more in your news reports, or a.psychiatric patient to believe hearted support for change. Stalinist length o(Mandela's would you please stop referring that some of these malign in­ One gets the impression that speech. After all that he bas to Nelson Mandela's "para­ fluences mig'llt still be around. they feel that if you employ a done for South Africa over the noia" (18 December)? As evi­ At a completely different lev­ few black chaps, to show will­ years I do not begrudge him the dence to the Truth and el it is profoundly disappoint. ing, then tbat is enough. They chance to spend a few bours Reconciliation Commission has ing that some of the big do not seem to appreciate that talking to his own supporters in clearly shown, in the past some corporations, in their evidence economic growth, political sta­ his final speech to them. It is exceedingly unpleasant things to the commission, did not bility, and freedom from crime worth remembering that the bappened, which included in­ seem to appreciate their role in all require a more substantial Pope used to spend a similar filtration ofthe ANC by people supporting the previous regime. change of attitude and behav­ time talking to his flock. acting on behalf of their white Moreover, despite some iour on the part of individuals PAUL TWYMAN political opponents, some of positive initiatives, the attitude and corporations. Difficult af· Birchington, KEn! ...... ; _ : _ . Against all odds, theANCemerged/rom Majikeng alive andkicking, repOrt Wally Mbhele, Sechaba ka'Nkosi and Marion Edmunds This discomfort was recognised ­ As far as government policy is he African National Con­ by Mandela himself, who, In his concerned, according to Jordan, its MAIL & GUARDIAN gress emerged from Its chiefaddress to the conference, re­ endorsement was notwithout reser· December 24 1"7 to January a 1998 50th national congress In marked on the tension between the vations. . . M~'lIISt week invlg­ twoorganisations and within the de­ "But I think the conference was T ~ orated'Bnd more united It has mocratic movement as a whole, an occasion for people to discuss the ' ,;"been since taking the ~illll or gov­ "WIth regard to this relationship government's policy, and to under· ~ ~emment In l~ (with the SACPJ, we must accept that stand it better. The fact that Cabinet .This Watl all the more extraordi­ new answers have to be found to the ministers fared so well was an aftlr- nary as only days before the move­ new questions that lire has posed and ment had limped Into the conference. will continue to pose. There Is no mation ofpolicy,.. saidJordan. " ~ Even though there are no real need to take tright when differPnces Ofall the four ANC confereDOll8 - challengers for power among the i» emerge, especially as we must be he bas attended, Minister or Water _ Utical opposition, the ANC, on De­ -aware that complex as the questions . AlI'airs and Fmlstry Kader A.Bmal, .. cember 16, was an organisation at are, so wID be the answers." felt the MafIkeogc:wft!reuce was the once divided within Itself and not ! 'After 1M! days of robUst debates most "lively and vttal. lIt1mulatlng having yet managed to cross the Ru­ 'on Issues stretching from economic and tiring. It means the ANC bas bicon from a liberation movement transformation, governance. the identifted bOw the need for tU.ecu. struggling against to a rul­ characf~tofthe ANC. }X'ace and sta­ stOll should not 80 mUch be regulat. ing party presiding over a modern bility as well a~ social tran~forma· ed, but organised.- and sophisticated state, -or~ tberet1remelrt~ But the 3 000 delegates attending tion to service delivery, the mu"lt".... ident Mandela was the most signUl. the conference seized the moment, lous was achieved: delegates emeorg­ cant thing. The conference demon· emerging solidly united as a force ed from the conference speaking In strated the ClODtinulty 1t!flectIld inthe ­ .ahead ofthe 19911 general elections, one voice. life and times ofMandela and the President Nelsoo Mandela'lI depar· Perhaps the most slgniflcant tri: need for transforma­ ture from the party's helm was man­ umph was the leadership's ability tIon," added Asmal. aged with aplomb and fears ofpot­ to downplay all criticism on Gear_ who came second in sible leadership strife were allayed. After vigorous debates. the dell'­ electIons for a new The morale among many grass­ F:'3tes were persuaded to adopt it as NEC afterCyrilRaJna.' root structures coming into the con· the party's economic strategy, al­ phosa. ~ ference was lowas they felt margin­ though Mandela hinted that in or· --nJe(rf!Sident's in­ allsed by the leadership. The party der to accommodate the alliance Jurictlon at the end -. had experienced a geries ofbruJSlng . that we must never t­ _ forget who we rep1'&- leadershipstruggles, with a number partners the ANC may in future 'i ~: oftDp leaders havingexited thepar· amend some aspects. sent and where we- .,. ~; .. ,{y. The leadership was also on the came from - was important. The _ ' The watershed natureatthis c0n­ building cadre policy, what kind rack 'for not sharing information ference places it among the ANC's at at membe~p>, memberswe wantto have, whatsort· with the general ',. other defining historic conferences The manner In whieh it hat! ofrole they playand theneed for di&- -: f --- the 19\\9 conference that adopted adopted the growth, economic and cussion must include all members." -- -- the PfoIramme ofAction in Bloem- redistribution(Ot!er) strategy as the This injunction by Mandela was fontein, the 1969 MorogOrO 'confer· party's official economic policy, and . inspired by the realisation ofhow ence, and Kabwe in 1985~ '- -the opposition to it from leading branches U8ed tobe impoI1ant struo- . The ANC bas repeatedly shown . tures ofrnass mobWsation ancffhe . itselfable to adapt to changing his­ members ofthe tripartite alliance, : building blackS ofthe ANC in the torical circumstances, and 1997. in was likely to lead to fractious debate .past. ., ' .' . I I' _. . _which itevolved intoa partyatlOV­ and recrimination. The conference resolved .that emment, Was no exception. . The branches were in a weak there isa needfor a co-ordina1ed ~ : ~~_demmst1atedthe state,'characterised byinexpert· ,­ gramme to ensure that they maturity ofthe ANC's are enced cadreship, a lack of under· strengthened and become ecfect1ve. membership who were standingofthe challenges ofthe new That is the challenge that st1ll awaits notsidetrackedanddis- situation, Inactive membership, lack the ANC in the new year. . tracted from their ofpolitical programmes, poor com­ rourse bydemagogy and tnunication and administration and posturingby anybody," ongoing internal conflicts. said Minister ofEnvi- This state ofaffairs, according to ronmental Affairs and the report ofacting secretary gener­ Tourism Pallo Jordan, al Cheryl carolus, had resulted in an who returned to the absence ofmass recruitment limelight with a third Maftkeng was to be a stern test of place finish in the nationalexecutive the leadership. committee (NEe)elections. The conference also had to grap­ -Delegates were sober·minded, ple with an uneasiness in relations and in thatrespect they confounded between the ANC and the South the predictions and analysis ofall Afiican Communist Party, which In the pundits who were talking about recent months had begun to emerge the delegations being so youthful,.. into the public eye. saidJordan. Excerots from THE PEOPLE MUST A D WILL GOVER~ oy Steve Tshwete * 20 Nov. 1337

Ail of us are maturing witnin tne ANC In the oolitics of c'ange....

Tne tasK of transforma~ion reDuires leaDers who are preoarec ~o face cifficulties ana not flinch. It IS not a cliche that In many resoects wnat we are involved In tOday is oernaps even more aifficult than the previous forms of struggle••••

7hat is because we achieved a victory that has got many limitations and constraints. As we assert in the craft Strategy anc Tactics document, ••• we have only attaineo elements of power as a oemocratic movement; and much more needs to be done before we can realize a unitec, non-racist, non-sexist and democratic South Africa, before the people can truly govern••••

To realize this, we need to transform the state in all its facets, including the Judiciary, the army, the police and the civil service in general; we need to change the business sector anD the instruments of iDeological debate. This neans changing the Doctrines and mind-sets of these structures; it means chanQin£ their racial composition; it means rooting out corruption; it means involving people in the running of their lives.

This is a difficult undertaking, and it is not achieved by ducking responsibilities; by proclaiming purity from the roof­ tops; and by seeking to mislead the masses about the difficulties the democratic movement faces in government••••

There are problems in the area of housing, land, water supply, transport and roads, education, Job creation and many other sectors. But ••••

by the end of 1997 alone, 220,000 people will have been allocated land Which they can at last call their own; in the same period, community water supply and sanitation will serve a further 1.7-million people; the nutrition and social development programme reaChed 1.3­ million people; since 1394, the road-building programme has benefited 160 small and medium enterprises with R760-million allocated to them; and R200-million in public works programmes employing rural people especially women•

••• (OJn every single day on average, since the ANC took office, 1,000 people gained access to clean water; ••• each week has brought another two clinics with access to health care for some 20,000 people; ••• currently 1,000 electricity connections are being made each day; and 1,000 houses are brought into construction or completed under the government's subsidy programme every two-and-half days••••

* Member, ANC National Executive Committee and National Working Committee & head of its Organizing Dept; Leader of Govt Business in the National Assembly and Minister of Sports and Recreation. r White opposition parties must lUlL & QUAADIAN 'Africanlse' or face exlinction~"-"'-~-'-

Will...... -"the media Is out ofsync with society. . gan, but a re&lity. TheANC practices Comment .,:" One significant highligh~ of the what it preaches. Secondly, the Af­ ------:: conference was the election ofa 6(}. rican majority Is so confident of Its igpty·flve years ?f struggle, .~ member national executive commit· power it can afford to be generous to pain' and experience have :.lee (NEC). A total 01'3 064 voting dele­ the minorities in ordlIrtDentrench di· Eweaved.a solid movement 19ates participated in this election. If versity within its leadership and thus whose traditions, values and culture .' .you saw a white person at the confer· 1Wfil the criteria ofmulti-euItura1 and are unparalleled and rooted within' mce they were more often a member multi-perspective democracy. the grassroots. ~ the press than a voting delegate. If Ifever a concrete example ofcom­ The African National Congress you sawan Indian ora coloured, they mitment to non·racism and diversi· as both a liberation movement and were more likely a member ofthe Cab- ty were needed. it is the election of political party has refined its own inet or the outgoing NEC. the NEC. Ifthe ruling party can con­ complexity with African simplicity The point here is this: more than tinue to lead by such example. then to produce a transformation ma- 99 % of the voting delegates were there is hope for all ofus. chinery whose vision resonates with Africans. There were hardly any IfI were a member or a leader of the hopeful, the ambitious, the aspi- coloureds, Indians or white voting the opposition In South Africa, I rant, the downtrodden and those of delegates. The electoral process was 'would be dead frightened by the its citizens who continue to search conducted by an independent or· strength and stability ofthe ANC. I for solutions to the complex socio- ganisation, the Electoral Institute of would spend my tjme at the drawing political challenges ofour nation. South Africa. 'board asking not only soul·search· Sitting in the audience at the The results were as follows: 72% ing, but fundamental questions ANC's 50th national conference, one of the NEC members are Africans about the .nature and direction of could not help but marvel at the dis- and 28°~ are non-African. Within the democracy in our country. cipline, internal stability and the first 10 of those that received the I would spend more time in Sowe­ frightening strength ofthis organi- highest vote, 70% are non-Africans. to, the villages and with the grass· sation. . How does an electorate ofexclu- roots to really understand this beast Three features characterised the sively African delegates produce an called the African electorate. By liv­ delegates of this conference: hard NEC which is so textbook represen­ ing and engaging In the politics of work, discipline and selfless dedica· tative ofthe nation's demography in . 'the privileged. the tribe. die volk. the tion to the causeofthe struggle for the an environment that is still so racial· province and racism, opposition par­ liberation ofevery South African. ly charged and power relationships ties pose a threat to democracy and Like most people, one had been so unequal? How does stability. fed the usual prediction of the me- get to be elected the second most pop­ No matter how one looks at the dia; that is, that the organisation was uIar member after Cyril Ramaphosa issues. one comes to the sobering facing internal strife with potential by this law within the largely conclusion that unless the African splits on the cards, and the leader- African delegate? is placed at the cen tre of the trans­ ship was out of touch with Its cori·· Thereare two compJemenlaryan· formation and national agenda. our stituency. At the end of the confer- swers. Firstly, within the ANC non­ country will not Ix> ~table. produc· ence, one could conclude that only racism is nolongeT a vote-<:atching slo- tive and competitive. In health. edu-

cation,'Industry, economics and pol­ I resources on "dirty tricks" tactics, Finally, this conference was also . itics we have to address the condi­ rather than formulating attractive " about change in leadership. A gen- . tionfor the African ina S}'lltematic, I alternativepolicies that can capture eration was handing overthe baton but uncompromising fashion. the imagination ofthe people. for ourJo\Imey ofthousands ~rniles . The truth and reality in South Tothis day the oppositionhas of­ ofliberation. This transition went Africa today and into the future is fered no vision, definition. policies smoothly without any blood-letting. no longer European or white, but or programmes on social transfor­ What was remarkable was how this African and more often black. The mation. 'IbeyapIJl'OlICh poUt1cs tJun. large organisation could change al­ most its entire leadership without IlOOIler theoppositionpert1es getthis a legalistic rather than a sociologi­ recriminations. . message, the better. The days of cal viewpoint. Hence theireagerness Let us rememberwhat happened white politics, whiteprivile(le, white for prosecutions ratherthan policies. twoyears ago, when one white-dorn­ constituency and white truth are Is this opposition a witch·huntor university tried to change a over and will never return. obstruction politics? We the people mated single position in its leadership. Unfortunately, the opposition want - and need - to know what There was blood everywhere. parties in South Africa spentan in­ the policies ofthe opposition are in I wantto suggest it istime that 0p­ ordinateamountatime, energyand order to exercise our-democratic position parties begin wholehearted­ choices. We are still waiting. ly and psychologically to associate themselves withtheaspirations, anx­ ieties and ambitions ofthe African M Wtlltam MaJcgoba Is a profrssor DUijority. To avoid their imminent ofmol«:ullJr tmnwnology at1M social and political extinction Otey University ofIMWttwatersrandl must Africanise rapidly at the deep­ South Afriam InstituUfor Meditol erlevels oftheir consciousness. .~~.,.,

• ------. - . -

llH INi"'[PENl'nNl Healers reluctant to share secrets with medical giants MONDAY 2 II ~RUARY 1,)9~ ...... Attempts to pull 300,000 neshurg towo:r hlll<:k oth.:rwise filled Iradilional healers arc estimated to he Ihe delay arc conrerns ahoul inlellel'lual sangomas (traditional healers) wilh denlists, (iI', and chiwpodists. praclising in South Africa loday. propeny right,. Healers fear res<:arch in· The fax jostle, fur space with Jcsu~. into South Africa's hard-pressed More than f.(J per cem of the p well a.\, We'S!­ to stcal their knowledge, mas.' pruducl: health system are going hlln.:s whi,'h Dr "'lashcle throws to di­ em-lrailll'd doctors. Healel1> arc UlIlsulled Iheir remedies and rakc in the hueks. nowhere. Fear that drug agrHl;<: ,~\mpbill". If 11.·· I,,'n,'s prove us<:­ 90- 1m milli'lJ1IUne'S a year, l..'\

!':eet:c:g roE-me: ~GLICAN COMIVJtJNION K:::viS SERVICE Printed at 1:56 pm on Filename: AOOOOOOI.MSG page 1 Mon, Feb 2, 1998

<======> 1493 (of 1495) ACe Jan. 30, 1998 at 10:00 Easte~n (1584 characte~s)

[98.1.5,4J SOUT~ A?RICA: ~~GL!C~~ PRIMATE CO~DE~~S MILITARY D~L

(ENI/CPSA) Tte k~glicar. Archbishop of Cape Town this week sharply c~it~cised a South Af~ican deal wtich will supply military aircra:t to Algeria.

The deal, worth about lOO-millicn Rand (US$2C-~illion), was announced o~ 2~ j2..r.uary ~y South Afr:~~~ arms ~anu:ac:~rer, Denel. The South African government hE-S alre2..dy approved the sale.

Archbishop Njo~go~kulu Ndungane, the leader 0: South Africa'S Anglicans, said today 28 Jan'lo1ary that Algeria had a poor human right~ ~ecord, and pointed out that hur.drece of Algerians were recently killed during a Muslim festlval.

"Africa is al~eady awash with arms and milita~y equipment," Archbishop Ndungane said. nUnsc~upulous dealing i~ such hardware aggravates the problem. It provides no solutions to tr.e challenges facing the continent. "Denel's arguments that jobs will be saved and that the aircraft will not be used fo~ milita~y purposes are spurious. Why else would a country such as Algeria wish to pu~ctase a remote-piloted reconnaissance aircraft? "South Africa has many products to export which would enrich the world," the archbisr,op said. "Military hardware is not one of them. One way or the other m~litary hardware deforms, maims and kills people ~ .. South Africa is co~promised in its position as a peace-broker i~ Africa by such a deal .. ,. I call o~ ou~ govern~e~t to cancel the agreement signed by Der.el with Algeria, in the interests of peace, stability, and progress on the continent of Africa." REPORT: AIm£A WEISS dlctute thnl people })(' removed 10 h(~t1er I r hOUSUlg." I PICTURE$; -RENTON GEACH On the ew of Ml' notha's appearancE' in I the <";ror~E' Regional Court thosE' who JAK~) legend }UI~ it that PW BOtllll. whu " remcmbE'reo the yrnrs of harassment 'HId I WA'l p.1P.r.tod iJN MP foJ' Ule v('Qrg~' dC1(mUons ('x pressed their bitterncs,<;. I constitucnl:~' in 1948. has hud II nnf::er ill Nomajulla Uityl, thrn the leilller ofthH viJ1uan~,every pip in thl' town· 00 it T.awnaikamp dvic associatioll, snid Mr Iccul'iJlJ: an airport or ~I,ttlnf.: th~ N2 Bothu's courl RppCal'ancc had brought I hilChway to pass Jl('arh)', . unwelcome memories Ooodil'l£ back. I But the lc~acy is nol altogether n havpy c!vtc leader: NomaJuda Bltyl and supporters "You know, 1dltlnot take it n" 8eriouloily Olle. Next to Ule 1ndustriol od~{~ of1h~ town if; , al; todny. Today I don '. feel well because 1 I LHwl:If:llkamp, whof;c J'csirlelltstonght n bit­ In J 9H~ t..... o people werc shot den I! in EI j~st started to remember thin~~ J wanted to I -leI' battle to rr.maln III ~llulUldC'r Mr BOfh:i'S prott$\, sparking n one-dny stRYllWl1y.1'his torK(ll. ' I'e(till1c, anrl thp-h- feelingf. towards 1hE' 1'01'­ in tum 1<~d (0 thr! (Usmis.~a1 of 400 munkll>al "'l'h<~ manl1f!r in which h(l treated us I mt'r s1 ate presid~nt nrc fu,. fn>1ll wrmll, workers, sonw ofwhum wen: moved to Mid· throu~ hit' "peechcs and his laws." One theory for tJ1C' ~ove"nmf~IlI's lntt'ln!>e dl(~hw'g. ' Black SI1.9h Mtivlst Gillian Dugmore lo;3id efforls to move the 1(\year,old S(·t llemenl by In April tllnt year th~ municipality bull- her involvemlHlt in Lawanikamp had been rehousing bla(:ks in Ii new township was dozed )flO shacks, many ofthem bclongin&to motivated l,y the issue of human rights, , -that the shanty town woulll be viRible from th(:ir OWll workers Whose possCfo;sions WI!re,M.l'8 TJugmorH said the local newspaper, the ncw N2 h 1~ \W1Y. still inside. Het Sulclwestcrn, had failed miserahly in itf; , , Mr Botha, at his post eOUl't'llpreill;anC(~ Later t.hat yt!lu'rcsldentl' ~ot n noUce .dutks 1.0 in\1H~t.1gnte and report impartially ,pl'e~~ conference, sugg($te(] thn1 a)JaI1ht:id inform In!: them lhat they w~re ocetlpying onr~1\\'aail(:llnp, would be bC'ttcr trnnf.lnte!l inl0 English as ulII.k::;hal,h: IM,,,,,,.,'I AIUi tftClt tho!, oho\11/1 (.;pnr!'I' I\hr. Ni1111. Wl\~ the cplt~llle ora "g?od neighbo\lI'Hn(:ss". J\t LaWtlHlkftlllP, demolish them by a certaIn datl~. It waS a town without pity, . this apparently trall!<)a(ecl into putting statE:' of emergen<:y and soon )lJ() Pt\Ople clas·· "y(Ill asknrl me if1feltnny sympathy for ' intense l)rC'sslll'C' on thr. r.omnmnily to ll1Ovu. silled black w(~redetained, .. '.' .MrBothanow, When the N2 hl~hway eventually OPC'l1ctl. In the face of this pressure. families'" "My compassion for,M,: Botlin Is tem~ Black Sash protesters wen: nrr('stpd at the b(~gall to move and Lnwl1.aiknmp was eventu pcrel1 by t.h l:!l11oul'ht of Ne190n Mandela'f; 'ribbon,cutting <:<~I'()mony. ally whittled down to about [,JOO families who lost youth, (he assassination ofthe CI-eaIn of , Thec..'OllUnlUlll)'·S reprieve comC' onl~' in resolulely resisted removal, '1'h(~lr cauSt! was our yOlUlg kaders lind the absolute despair 1999, the year in which 1\11' JkltJla was OIls1tltl taken up by the international COmnllUlity. ofthousands ofnamc)(~sspeople here in fl'om r;ovcrnm('llt by hj~ Sll(:r'f'~~nl' FW (1~ eausinR Mr Botha to anl\wer Questions George whose llves wc!roe triflt!Cl with so sin· " Klcrk, 'rollay, the shanty town is being abroall about Lawaalkamp, fully, upgraded. In Aprj] 1987 MrBotha wasljuotoo. a~ say· "J think nflhe wasted years nfNP rule; In 1987 the Blnck Snsh national c:onfl!I" jng; "Thl~ people of Lc'lwaaikamp wan1 better the damat:e it has clone to white South once wa~ tolll that thlll~~ had turned ugly the conditions. We wanl to take tlwm out of 'AfriCRJ1S; tile pl'esellt d1fi'icult tranl\llion, year before when residents of Lnwaniltnmp their sakrotte and sinkp01u1okkiRs (saell ho\,· and1S(~ no evidence nfl'egret or diminished realised that the nenrbv Tht!mb~lM.hu tOWIl­ e)s and zinc shncks), but now the Black Sash arrot::lnce, ,, Elhip bt!ing prepared for Ulem would deliver is busy agitating, 'rhey want the people to "But I do know whHt I 611\\', and 1shall lIIlle more than a site-and·sel'\'icc schelnp-, stay there. Health reasons and hlUlliln1ty never forget."

ZImbabwe and South West AfriCil. - rw In 1979, • MilliOnS 01 blacks supported this government III • The pot of Internal confflc:t in 7.imllllhwe nll~t every measuro It took. - rw Hol/IR in Parliament, subtl~ be kept boiling. - PW In 1983. MRY 19R7. , • Do you expect me to seek peace With our • Most IlIttr.k.~ Are well disposed to my government. I neighbours or must Isacrifice thB youth of South am as welcome ill SowAto 8..'11 am In Boksburg, ... PW AfrIca I8ck1essly tn 1tle struggle? - PW in Sprlngbok, In Parliament again, ' 1982. . • 1do not Wish to discuss Mr Tutu. He Is not .1know 10r afact there 11I'6 Ctlrtllilllll11llltmls uf Un! ' 1l~1~&et'J\aUve of Our bl!lCks, tho,,' m8jority of whom opposition press and leftlsllllClined members of U\El lII'e wetl behaved," PW In 81988 B8C Interview, PFP who are aeeklng bll1d< majority rule in SOllth ~ Nelson Mandela ClIn rolln prison until he dies or \ Alr1oa. There will bo no problems as long as black die, which ever takas Iongor. ~ PW quoted In ptp blsdli:l'$ $lid< to thtlr own affalr&and do not e18sh ildvert 1087, ,' with the South African government. - ~ addfesslrl\l • Apartheid is doad, - PW Bothll ~ng 8 an NP meetlng, WorC8SIBI, 1979. ' VoOrlrekkermeetinll in G~, 1979. ------~ -----~----_ ...... '.'.,'

• Marriag6s between different rece l1OuP~ are not herself out of South Africa's affairs" rw In a BBC IlCcessarily sinful. But they lire not in Ule belli . IntorView, 1981. interests of the repllb!iC end will not be le98l1sod nor • Who wllll8joice when Ihe Nim fall from power? lOIerated - PW in Gape Tuwn, september 1979, Dar Es Salaam will reJotce, Moscow Will rejoice. • We do rlOl Shoot people who are in OWOsition t,o Peking will rejoice, - PW addressing an NP moetlng, our governm8I11. - PW in Parliament, 1965. 1979, • You're abloOdy Arab. - I'W attacking PFP MP AIf .1119 WhOle bloody world will reJoice, - Donald Widman after Mr Widman called oolourerl people Woods in the Dally Dispatch the next day. "brown " In Parliament, 1983, • If wo nMl out the skunkS with polson \IllflS this • There is oothing wrong with being an Arab. !VI coootry ~ be Bl1r&8m Dl hope aro~~,;.,..:pw,S spea\OOg ori\he Engll$h press, 19111. '," ,," ',', ,.',,' ,=~y~~~~~:~~~~~w. ~'P!f ~ ~~;, .Uk9 ail wlliconsed Woman driver lot Ioosa in .,don't nlake statements ahout Britain's fight In Adderte~ street Ul rush-OOur tr8fflc, - Andries Northern Ireland IWO!iklvalue it ~ Mrs ll18tchilr kept Treuinil;h( on PW's stlitesmanshlp, 1987. .__ .-~._-- -, With the arrival of the first mis- I There, at the turn orthe centu- Long denied title, slonaries in the mid-] 7th century, ry, people bought their plots and Namib,'a churches quickly began to acquire . registered the purchase with local Botswana black.!;l are gaining land until, today, they own an estl- Iauthorities. Eventually, the mls- mated 7percent ofthe territory, or :sionary work clashed with the ownership of homes 32,948 square miles. KwaZulu­ "It's been a concern of the Trappists' restrictive rules. The Natal-r BII GILBERT A. Lr:wTHwAITE abbot was posted to a remote church throughout Its history," monastery and, in 1909. the monks . .f ., , .tllI POaaJON .TAPP said Eddie Makue, head of the jus- were replaced 'by the Missionaries tice department of the South Afri- or Mariannhill, a new, Independ­ ., South ~t~ I" NAZARETH, South Africa :oom can Council of Churches, which ent Catholic order. - Florence mongwa today repr~sents 23 deno~atlons, in- The St, Wendollne comm\Jnity • ca an has a home anq garden of her cludmg the mainline religions. \ \ Afrj. y' own - and a deed or title to "But It never became more appar- foundered when the government . cape prove It. But for more than 50 ent than It did arter our liberation I decreed in 1929 that blacks could R~~ years, she was not allowed to ifrom apartheid). not own land In South Africa. own the land on which she "In the search to tlnd answers Many blacks sold their land to Indian lived. to the high level of poverty, we un- newly arrived Indians, but some Ocean Her house Is a little brtck c~vered that churches could con- clung to their properties. As dra­ and stone rancher, bullt by her tnbute 1;>y making some of their conian land laws were passed, the husband In 1943, on church land aVailabl~ for use"by the poor monastery's land was d,ivided and land on a green hillside 20 and the margmalized. designated for whites, coloreds, miles outside the Indian Tthe chturches, hels~d, wlnedre ttry- Indians and Industry - but not ( Ocean resort of Durban In Ing 0 se an examp e ,or us ry blacks. KWSZulu-Natal. Now, the Ro­ - and partl~ularly the mining "We were drawn in," says the .VII ITAPP man catholic missionary or­ gI~ts - to jom In the land redls- Rev. Dieter Gablen, who has been der that owned the land has tnbutlon effort. at the mission 12 years. "We cer- "It's a teautlful atmosphere," given It toher- partofa tledg­ As part of that effort, the gov- taInJy stayed on the side of the said Gablen. "There was a real ling etrort by churches here to ernment of Nelson Mandela an· people and tried to make some struggle In 1988, '89.and '90. It was redistribute their lands, fre­ nounced this month that It would plans to avoid forced removal. We very bad. Now, I am happy things quently Ill-gotten during the transfer 1..2 m1ll1on acres of public talked, and talked and talked. are moving. There Is a sense of colonial and apartheid eras, to land to pnvate householders next "The people were supposed to gratitude. U you see the buIlding landless SouthAfrtcans. year. ,move. They said, 'No, we can't which Is going on, they are quite In mongwa's front yard, In ]990, the co~~trys largest move from here. These are our an­ happy." the roses, oleander and sum­ conference of religIOUS leaders cestors' lands. Our fathers, moth­ The land redistribution has giv­ mer tlowers bloom. Inside, called for the return of land to ers brothers and sisters are bur­ en ffiongwa's son, Mbongeni, 26, a the tiled tloor gieams, and the blacks, but lett it up to individual led'here.' " plot next to his mother's. He says churches. So far, only a handful The government kept the pres- he has spent about $8,000 building walls are adorned with fam1ly haY'e complied. sure on. A government agent his house, and could sell it for al­ photographs. Notingthat the political atmos- made regular Inspections. New most twice that as the population Butfor allthe prtde she has phere under the Mandela govern- houses or extensions to existing pressures ofan expanding Durban taken In her home, she was, ment was "much more conducive properties were promptly pulled push his way. But he is not in the for most ofhermarrted life, ef­ for churches to implement their down. ' property market. fectively an illegal resident In ideals," Makue said he hoped that In 1984 the government decid­ "There Is a feeling of being close it, defying government de­ religious leaders would accept ed blacks ~ould stayin St. Wendol- to your family," he said, as he sat crees that she should move. . that their lands must be "etrec· Ine but'only if It became part of contentedly on his tiled porch and Until the change of gov­ tivelyutilized." th~ KwaZulu homeland. The mis- showed a visitor his title deed. ernment here from white mi­ "We want to see It as a contri- I slonaries countered that the peo­ Sduduzo Simlane, a communi­ nority Nle to black majority bution the church Is making con- pie should decide whether they ty coordinator with the MinIstry of sciously, willingly and In hurnillty, wanted to be subsumed Into the Land Affairs who Is working on the democracy In 1994, mongwa, redistribution of farmland in Kwa­ and thousands like her, could in order to be exemplary," said homeland. Makue. "We are talking about a The talks continued until 1989 Zulu Natal, said: "I can't explain not hold title to their proper­ history here where people have - a year before the release from how It feels to the people. Some ties, particularly In areas des­ had a very unique relationship prison of Mandela and the legall· have a long hlstoI'¥ of being inse­ ignated for "whites." with land, and the land removal zation of the African National cure. They may have been reo "If you don't own.some­ and land deprivation has become Congress - when the govern­ moved a couple of times In their thing, It's easy for someone to a very painful experience for many ment, In Gablen's words, t1nally lives. take It away," said mongwa. people. Therefore, It Is not just a "closed theireyes." : "For themto know they are se· Inthe 1960s and 1970s, she question of making land available The missionaries had dratted a cure forever - It Is amazing. They watched fearfulJy as blacks but of reconcll1ng a relationship plan to give most of their land may be poor, but for a day like that from (See S. Africa, 24A) which has been broken." baclt to the people. But they [when they get title) they will put I In KwaZulu Natal, the Mari· needed money for ;;ewers and something together and make It a nearby communities were forcibly big day." . . removed under the government's lUU).hill Missionary Institute is glv- roads. They approached the Man­ .I"homelands" policy to make way ;Ing most of Its land. purchased dela government and were given a for the expansion of the white ,last century, back to those such as grant of $2,000 per plot, recently community of nearby Pinetown. Hlongwa, who thought she would Increased to$4,000. She ~ad her house assessed, de­ never own a place ofherown. In Nazareth, where ffiongwa tenruned to try to seek compensa. "I amvery pleased," said mongo lives, there are 827 plots. In nearby tion were she to be evicted. wa, one of the first to receive title. St. Wendollne. another 1,200 plots. But she stayed. With the back­ "It was a long walt. Only the new Altogether, the missionaries are ing of the missionaries, she and government made it possible." giving title to 12,000 plots around her neighbors stalled all attempts The land on which mongwa the monastery. Each community to move them. Across South Afri. lives is part of 12,350 acres bought has a land committee, which de- ca, others were not so fortunate. in ]882 by the abbot of a Trappist cides to whom plots will be given.. The "Bantustan," or homeland Imonastery at Mariannhill. The There is a pecking order - exist- policy eventually forced 87 per: monks wanted to be selC-sumclent Ing residents, familles who were' cent of the people - the blacks _ and needed the land for farming. evicted, then next of kin, followed onto only 13 percent of the land in They also had the idea of forming by missionary workers. a government campaign to create .an African Christian community on tribal sectors. Ithe land and built ]50 houses at a I de~Iopment~alled St. ~endoline. 998 . Page 23A THEWORLD The Sun : Friday, February 6, 1 . -- New S. African textbooks take Students are taught more than white point of\iew broader view of history- By GILBERT A. LEWTHWAITE • Jlt' L:llHjJl,t'l Vll CIV'L::> :>llUwea Rich history revealed SUN POREION STAPP an all-white provincial council in messages by drum. session and was illustrated with It is also an eye-opener for And before modern medicine' ENNERDALE, South Afiica ­ stern photographs of four white many of the youngsters. and antibiotics were deve]oprc; The youngsters in Anastasia politicians. They can learn that South Afri­ Africans werr using herbs eflee Thomas' history class have just For chapter after chapter. a ca had its own rich history before tlvely against many ailments ­ I:leen given their new textbook on reader would be hard-pressed to the white settlers arrived, a fact ig­ and they still are. this nation's past, and they are ex­ know this was an African country. nored in the old textbooks. Here at Odin Park Elementan' ~ited. Here the sins of this century's a~ "It's lively and colorful," says where the new books have just Multiracial approach apartheid :;ystem are lald bare: . rived, history teacher Anastasi,. . Felicia Opperman, flicking Now, in the new book, white, the separate living areas for the through the pages packed with Thomas says: "They are actuall.\ brown and black faces jump out of races, the segregated facillties, the trying to look at even'body in l'hotographs. graphics and car­ almost every page. laws that restricted the move­ whatever process happened. . toons of South Afiicans, ancient Historic events are looked at ment of blacks in particular, the and modern. from all sides: the black and the restrictions that outlawed mixed 1---­ "It's different because there are white. the oppressor and the op­ marriages, the police brutality. past things that we never knew pressed, the boss and the laborer, There is even a picture of white "It's much more interesting for about." says Lebohang Bongani the miner and his family. police otlicers with whips and dogs the children. You tell them both Shasha, 14. Shaka Zulu gets more space attacking black students in a stories, the laborer's, who was "The old one was mostly bor­ than Cecil Rhodes, the British ad­ classroom. black, and the whites'. ing." notes Yolanda Van Der venturer who helped claim South On a happier note, there are "They can decide who was Merwe, 12. Africa for the white man toward photographs of Nelson Mandela Yolanda, like all the others in being released from prison and of wrong and who wasn't. the unfair­ the end of the last century. . ness of it all and everything be­ her class at Odin Park Elementary The reasons the colonists came black and white voters lining up to School, are known as "colored" be­ here are outlined. cast their ballots that brought yond - when we' should love and cause, like practically all the peo­ What they did to develop the Mandela's African National Con­ how we should love." ple of Ennerdale, they are ofmixed country and enrich themselves is gress to power on the promise of A teacher for nine years. shr race. chronicled. creating a "rainbow nation." said of the old apartheid-era histo­ The school has essentially the How it affected the local peo· same makeup now as it did before ry course: "We did feel it was pie, for better or for worse, is de­ While the old book simply re­ wrong. We sometimes hated the end of apartheid, although tailed. corded the economic importance some blacks are bussed in from The student is invited to place of gold and diamonds to this coun­ teaching it. We were forced to. You neighboring areas. himself or herself on either side try's development, the new book had to teach it that way." And it hasn't taken these and then make an individual judg­ looks at the fortunes made by the Principal Dennis Jansen, whose youngsters long to realize that his­ ment. white mine ovmers and the hard­ tory in the new South Africa is not The course of history is traced ships suffered by the black miners, school has 1,192 students ages 5:0 what it was in the old. through human stories: often forced to work to pay taxes, 14, said: "We feel the new history Limited perspective • Mozane's experience as a usually bound by contract to labor. book involves all the ethnic group~ child slave to a Boer fanner; told in the mines for a year or six The apartheid-era history in the country and gives us a more cartoon-style. months, always separated from clear view of what happened in the books for this age were Euro-cen­ their families. tered tracts of unrelieved gray • Maderee Mahuzoo's life as an past. indentured Indian immigrant la­ "The old one didn't give thf type, focusing on the trials, tribu­ borer, told in his own words. ~ lations and triumphs of the white Equally illustrative of the proper facts of the history of the immigrants, particularly the Afri­ • Wietsie Botes' rise from a rail­ can thrust of South Afiica's new different cultures." way ganger via union otlicial to history books are the chapters on kaners, who controlled the previ­ small town mayor, which courses the development of communica­ On its cover the new book. ous government and the nation's through the chronicle of modern tions and medicine. "Looking Into The Past," boasts (l! education curriculum. . events. The old books focused exclu­ taking "a holistic approach to the The word apartheid did not ap­ • The struggle of Patricia Ku­ sively on white inventions and re­ histories of South Afiica, Africa pear in them, and the repression malo against apartheid and her search. and the world" and presenting "8 and displacement of the indige­ .joy at voting in the first democrat­ The new books remind pupils comprehensive view of pre-colo- nous blacks over the centuries got ic election here in 1994. that before the Morse code, tele­ nial history - a first for South Af­ shortshrift. It's an engaging, readable and phone, radio or television were in­ rican textbooks." The heroes of the white version even fun approach to what can vented, the Afiicans were sending I of South Africa's development sometimes be a dusty, dreary sub­ were men such as Johannes Preto­ ject. rius and Piet Retief, leaders of the Afrikaners' Great Trek north to escape domination by the British under the likes of Sir Harry Smith and Sir George NapIer, both early governors ofCape colony. ftf:,,:<.~;"~-:. :·'.t~~:·~~~ -~ G·:"'::~··;;c- ! :: £ •.,...,. ... ~ "._ .Y"...... ".

I ANGOLA: diamond mine at Chitotolo will, according to proje;r direc­ I Diamond mines take-over signals tor Nairn Cardoso, generate approximately 80,000 carats by November this year and earnings about S8m. The ' endgame for the war party project, started a year ago in Lunda Norte has produced I I C Endgame ill Angola's nearly three decades of war 80,000 carats ofdiamonds so far despite rains and labour I may be approaching. With the handing over without action in Nsage. i a fight of the important Cuango valley diamond dig· TheserevE'nues, togetherwiththe millions generated by ! gings to the government, Angolan observers believe the Cuango 'valley will be added to rising oil revenues to I Unita has signalled its preparedness to come in from boost overall income for the state this year. , the cold (SouthScan v13/01). All these indications bode well for the post war recon­ Preparations are being made for a meeting between struction ofthe country. Angolan economist Manuel Nunes PresidentJose Eduardodos Santos and Unita leaderJonas told SouthScan he was very optimistic and that with Savimbi, and for thefinallegalisation ofthe rebel movement stability the economy would be booming in a matter of as a political party. years. In 1991, when there had been a period of relative i Some d0ubts remain - primarily that the hard line peace, Angola had experienced a spontaneous boom of generals in the MPLA (together with the president also weight months duration, he recalled. beneficiaries ofthe diamond mines) may demand outright Until now outside investors have had a wait and see militarydefeat for Unita. ForAngolans, who have witnessed attitude, and the aid pledges of nearly a billion dollars so many false dawns, they will only begin to believe the made in Brussels in 1995 will now be disbursed, Nunes peace has begun when Savimbi appears in Luanda, where said. until now he has said he fears for his life, to take over as But for this to happen the IMFneeds to beon board. Last leader of the opposition it was agreed this week that he November the IMF executive couhcil met to discuss Angola would ha\'e a p'!rsonal 4"f)-EtronE 2.r:n",d guard. and called for more transparency, particularlyin tax opera­ Savirnbi has little option - he has lost all his regional tions involving oil, diamonds and public [mances. Itwants allies, a good portion of his top officials are in Luanda ­ independent auditing of oil and finances and.a reform where they have become accustomed to the lavish Iifest.yle project for diamonds, and it warns that otherwise aid will of the elite - and his movement has had a number of . continue to be frozen. defections. I But peace will not automatically bring plenty - the Political situation Luanda government is by African standards one of the What is the political future? Unita has been divided more corrupt, and the fear is that new business will drain between a war and a peace party, but the MPLA political way into the pockets of the elite. The International Mon­ elite is also split - between the executive and the party, I etary Fund has set unprecedentedly strict criteria for its headed respectively by Dos Santos and by party leader participation in reconstruction, demanding transparency. Lopo do Nascimento. SA sources say Dos Santos has tried Agreement to these conditions will also be key to unlocking to warn the SA African National Congress government off the pledges ofaid made by donors in Brussels at the end of I making closer links with Lopo, but at the December ANC

1995. I conference, when the invitation was made out to the pa!ty and not to the government, Lopo attended in person. He Diamond fort.unes to be shared may come to succeed Dos Santos - as Abel Chivukuvuku The hand-over ofthe Cuangovalley diggings wilJ mean may succeed Savimbi. that around 70'7< ofUnita's annual income will have passed , Meanwhile the government continues its attempts to into the nominal control of the government, and that its contain thewar party in Unita. Ithas repeated its warning ability to run an independent economy, maintaining sup­ that aircraftoverflying the Zambian border are continuing plies offood. oil and arms, will have been ended. to supply the movement. However, in the end the agreement has been a compro­ Defence Minister Gen Pedro Sebastiao said that the mise between the business interests now dominant in both issue had been discussed during meetings of the defence organisations. Engaged in the talks have the government's and security sectors ofthe two countries, the last ofwhich diamond concernEndiamaand Unita's General Societv was held in Luena, Moxico Province, in November. ofMinestogetherwith the Brazilian Odebrechtcompan;. But on the military front things are moving towards The diamond giant De Beers is excited by news that the stability. The important military base in Kimbele in Uige Cuangovalieyhas been taken by the government. De Beers province has been given back 1;0 the Angolan government. officials tell SouthScan that it could "unlock the peace This is some months after the stronghold ofNegage, in the I problem", and that it is a "very positive move". same province, was handed over. De Beers in 1990 signed a prospecting agreement and In the face ofconsistent reports on private supply runs sales contract with the government, but this was put on to Unita the Southern African Development Community's hold in most areas when hostilities resumed after the ad hoc Committee ofthe Inter-State Defence and Security abortive 1992 elections. In eastern Lunda Norte province body on January 16 warned that it would take drastic De Beers could get access, but not in two other zones, action against the unnamed individuals and companies including Mavinga in Cuando Cubango. involved. Now they say they expect rapid progress by Endiama to Meanwhile there is everysign that theAngolan troops in I take contro!. Any gems from the newIy opened areas will be Pointe Noire in Congo-Brazzaville will remain there, offered first to the Central Selling Organisation. Talks guaranteeing stability in Cabinda. They are guarding the are on with Endiama. port as well as the airport, and they are still occupying the Unita is estimated in Luanda to have been earning former Unita training camp. around S500m a year from its diamond sales, overwhelm­ ingly from the Cuango area. The government is alreadv reaping diamond revenues. The country's second large;t

SouthScan Vo1.13 No.2 23 January 1998 15