DOCSLIB.ORG

Search of the X17 Boson @ N Tof Carlo Gustavino, INFN Roma

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Search of the X17 Boson @ N Tof Carlo Gustavino, INFN Roma Search of the X17 Boson @ n_ToF Carlo Gustavino, INFN Roma Outline: Introduction X17 search @ ATOMKI X17 search @ n_ToF Possible Setup Conclusion Introduction A significant anomaly has been recently observed in the emission of electron-positron pairs in the 7Li(p,e+e-)8Be and 3H(p,e+e-)4He reactions. Krasznahorkay, A.J.; et al.: "Observation of Anomalous Internal Pair Creation in 8Be: A Possible Indication of a Light, Neutral Boson". Physical Review Letters. 116 (42501): 042501 (2016). Krasznahorkay, A.J.; et al.: "New evidence supporting the existence of the hypothetic X17 particle". arXiv:1910.10459v1 [nucl-ex] (23 October 2019). Reaction MX17(MeV) DMX17_STAT DMX17_SYST Statistical evidence 7Li(p,e+e-)8Be 16,70 0,35 0,50 >5 sigma 3H(p,e+e-)4He 16,84 0,16 0,20 >7,2 sigma v This anomaly has been interpreted as the signature of a Jp=1+ particle (hereafter X17) not foreseen in the standard model of particle physics. v X17 boson could be a mediator of a fifth force, characterized by a strong coupling suppression of protons compared to neutrons. v This evidence/scenario is presently not confirmed or excluded by other experiments or groups. 7Li(p,e+e-)8Be reaction @ ATOMKI + 18.2 1 Ep=1030 keV 17.6 1+ Ep=441 keV 7Be + p 3.0 2+ 0 0+ NIM, A808, 21 (2016) 3H(p,e+e-)4He reaction @ ATOMKI 0- G + 21.1 Ep=1.7 MeV (0 )=0.5 MeV + G - E =0.9 MeV 0 (0 )=0.84 MeV p 20.2 3H + p Q=19.8 MeV Ep=0.9 MeV E0+=0.53 MeV E0-=1.8 MeV 0 0+ 3H(p,e+e-)4He reaction @ ATOMKI Plastic scintillator Carbon fiber tube G(0+)=0.5 MeV G(0-)=0.84 MeV Q=19.8 MeV Ep=0.9 MeV E0+=0.53 MeV Target - Silicon strips e E0-=1.8 MeV e+ v 3H adsorbed on Ti layer v 6 plastic scintillator 82x86x80 mm3 v 6 double-sided silicon strip detector (3 mm wide strips, 0.5 mm thick) v 1 mm thick carbon fiber tube v Ep=0.9 MeV X17 @ nToF Basic idea: Exploiting the conjugate reaction: 3H(p,e+e-)4He 3He(n,e+e-)4He 0- E =0.9 MeV 21.1 En=0.7 MeV p 3He + n 0+ E =0-2 MeV 20.2 n 3H + p 0 0+ Signal/background 100<En(keV)<1000 Target lenght (cm) 20 v The e+e pairs due to X17 have a unique diameter (cm) 2,54 signature., i.e. they produce e+e-pairs with Pressure (bar) 30 Etot~9+9 MeV at large angle (~120°). v As the hungarian group did, the signal is the rate p (s-1) 1,3E+06 net area of the peak at large angle on the rate gamma (s-1) 13 3He(n,e+e-)4He monotone background. v The 18 MeV shower of the 3He(n,g)4He rate IPC (day-1) 66,3 reaction can be easily identified and rejected (single shower of ~18 MeV) v Protons due to the 3He(n,p)3H reaction have at very low energy (Q=764 keV) and low velocity. v Cosmic ray background (muon) can be measured with off spill measurements. v Gamma flash are in advance (T>1300 ns if En<1 MeV) and well identified by the calorimeter and the TPC. v R&D to increases the target density (high pressure and/or cooling). PossiBile setup e- 4 He+CO2 radiator (200 Bar) Cerenkov light to Buffers 3He target neutron beam (200 bar) SiPM Plexiglass Bottle e+ No signals due to protons ~20 MeV Gammas signals suppressed and well discriminated Segmented calorimeter and/or Coaxial Magnetic field can be implemented Conclusion (1) v A spectacular anomaly has been recently observed in the emission of electron- positron pairs in the 7Li(p,e+e-)8Be and 3H(p,e+e-)4He reaction. v This anomaly has been interpreted as the signature of a particle (X17 boson) not foreseen in the standard model of particle physics. v The X17 boson could be a mediator of a fifth force, characterized by a strong coupling suppression of protons compared to neutrons. v This scenario may be related to Dark Matter and to the 3.6 ss anomaly of muon magnetic moment. v A new measurement to confirm (or reject) the claimed is mandatory. New informations on X17 coupling are necessary to define a theoretical framework. v The proposed experiment at n_ToF is a study of X17 by an indipendent collaboration, using an improved setup and exploiting a new nuclear process. v The goal is to measure the parameter of X17 boson (mass, parity, life time..) and to shed light on the protophobic nature of fifth force (neutron induced reaction). v Standard 3He(n,e+e-)4He and 3He(n,g)4He reactions are also of great interest in nuclear physics, providing an important experimental footing for "ab initio" calculations. Conclusion (2) v Broad energy range at n_toFà X17 quantic numbers v Both the proposed setup allow the identification of e+e- pairs at large relative angle and a background rejection better than the ATOMKI group. v Specific R&D and theoretical calculations still needed (and in progress). v Setup suitable for other measurements. Concerning X17: 7Be(n,e+e-)8Be @ n_ToF 3H(p,e+e-)4He, 7Li(p,e+e-)8Be, 11B(p,e+e-)12C @ LUNA Thanks for the attention! SPARES PossiBile setup scintillator tiles e- 4 He+CO2 radiator (100 Bar) Cerenkov light to Buffers 3He target neutron beam (200 bar) SiPM Plexiglass Bottle e+ No signals due to protons ~20 MeV Gammas signals suppressed and well discriminated Segmented calorimeter and/or Coaxial Magnetic field can be implemented Possibile setup (1) E.M. calorimeter (e.g. Scintillator tiles with SiPM) TPC with MPGD e- (GEM/µMegas/RWELL) n-beam He3 target e+ TPC: tracks and vertex recognition e.m. calorimeter: T0 for the TPC, energy measurement TPC+calorimeter: background rejection Target DEFAULT target: commercial 3He tubes Diameter: 1 inch (25.4 mm) Pressure: 30 bar Thickness: 500 µm Material: 344 stainless steel Lenght: 10-100 cm X0= 0.029 Cost for a 20 cm long tube: 10 kEuro Tracker TPC with MPGD readout (GEM/µM/RWELL) 15-20 cm 15-20 cm ED= 0.2÷0.5 kV/cm ED 10 cm 15 cm ED 5 cm He3 target Gas drift volumes Ar/CO2/CF4 Ar/CO2 Central annular MPGD anular end plate cathode Thikcness (um) X0 (cm) % X0 Cu 3 1,43 0,021 kapton 50 28,6 0,017 glue 30 33,5 0,009 MILLIFOAM/honeycomb 3000 1312,5 0,023 glue 50 33,5 0,015 Cylindrical Supports kapton 30 28,6 0,010 0,096 Layering of inner/outer cylinder including field cage (in Cu) Field cage (inner/outer) cylinders ~0.1 radiation lenghts Tracker TPC MPGD readout (GEM/µM/RWELL) 15-20 cm 15-20 cm ED 10 cm 15 cm ED He3 target MPGD anular end plate Each quadrant could be divided in n.128 r-strips (0,78 mm pitch – max length ~ 15 cm) and n.640 (128-192-320) φ-strips with a pitch of 12 – 8 – 5 mrad (roughly 0,58 – 0,62 – 0,53 mm). Globally each quadrant will be readout with 768 (analog) electronic channels 768x4=3072 channel. MPGD END PLATES The most common MPGD as readout options: • triple-GEM • MicroMegas • µ-RWELL never used as TPC readout. ALICE TPC KEK TPC foreseen as Cylindrical- RWELL for CREMLIN-plus Micromegas looks the best solution (known technology and limited ion feedback) E.M. Calorimeter In progress: Scionix EJ200 tiles with SiPM readout e.m calorimeter+ SiPM readout TPC+µMegas end plate Fresnel Lens Target Scintillator bar SiPM FEE & DAQ (tentative estimate) • 768 chs/quadrant (n.128 r-strips + n.640 φ-strips) à n.6 APV25 • 3072 chs/end-plate à n.24 APV25 • 6144 chs/TPC à n.48 APV25 (n.3 x (8 master + 8 slave)) ……….. 7152 CHF • n.3 ADC …………………………………………………………………………………….. 3708 CHF • n.3 FEC …………………………………………………………………………………….. 4785 CHF • n.1 SRS-crate ……………………………………………………………………………. 809 CHF • Connectors, cables etc ……………………………………………………………... 3000 CHF TOT 19.454 CHF L'elettronica ha una profondità di 5x192= 5 µs à drift max=20 cm Costo Totale elettronica 40.000 CHF TPC (tentative estimate) Dear Carlo I've made an estimate (+/- 30%) for the production of: -Item 1 -->1 x Anode Micromegas detector : -30 cm active area with -Resistive protection -Radial and angle strips STIMA COSTI (+/- 30%, chiavi in mano) -3072 Channels -24 panasonic connectors or equivalent Costo totale (mezza camera) 21.000 CHF -Item 2-->1 x TPC field cage : -20cm high Costo Totale (camera intera) 36.000 CHF -one Inner tube 10cm diameter -one Outer tube 30cm diameter -Glued frames at both ends for gas tight assembly with o-rings -2 resistors chain per tube -No shielding -Single layer strips on 0.2mm Flex glass/epoxy tube -item3-->1 x Cathode circuit : -30cm active area Item1: Design cost between 3000 to 6000 CHF (depending on symmetries we can find to simplify the layout) Tooling costs: 2500 CHF Detector production : 6000 CHF Item2: Design cost: 1000 CHF Tooling costs: 1500 CHF Field cage production : 4500 CHF Item 3: Design cost : 300CHF Tooling costs: 300 CHF Cathode production : 800 CHF These 3 parts can be assembled with s simple screw driver. Possibile setup (2) 9 MeV positron Cerenkov Ring neutron beam SiPM 3He Plexiglass 9 MeV electron No signals due to protons ~No signal due to gammas Possible Coaxial Magnetic field + Plexiglass tube close to PMT's for e+e- identification Possible external e.m calorimeter (rough granularity) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium 2019
    Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium 2019 Book of Abstracts and Program Contents HIAS 2019 Schedule. 1 Foreword................................................................................. 2 Code of Conduct . 3 Organisation . 4 Acknowledgements . 5 ANUMap................................................................................ 6 Program.................................................................................. 7 Abstracts . 16 List of Participants. .79 Australian National HIAS University will be held at University House, across the road Bull at University Centre. acrossfrom the road held Hedley will the House, be of Nuclear held will Department be the is a ~5-10at Physics, Hedley which the symposiumreception Bull min Centre. dinner from The walk theatre. the The of will lecture welcome breaks be held the inHedley just tea the foyer all Bull outside Centre, and lunch and Registration 18:00 18:00 17:30 17:10 16:50 16:30 16:00 15:30 15:10 14:50 14:30 14:00 12:40 12:20 12:00 11:30 11:00 10:30 10:00 9:40 9:40 9:30 8:30 AcceleratorHeavy Ion Symposium 2019 Schedule S1 chair: J.M. Allmond Allmond J.M. S1 chair: Welcome/Opening: K. Nugent Welcome/Opening: S4 chair: R. Golser Golser R. S4 chair: S3 S2 Country to Welcome Senden T. chair: Opening Registration chair: P. Collon Collon P. chair: Courtin S. chair: Walk to Nuclear Physics Nuclear to Walk C. Müller-Gatermann C. Welcome Reception Reception Welcome Nuclear Physics Physics Nuclear A.E. Stuchbery Stuchbery A.E. M. Martschini Martschini M. E. J. Stuchbery Stuchbery J. L.T. Bezzina Bezzina L.T. Tea break Tea break Tea break J.L. Wood Wood J.L. A. K.J. Cook K.J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eternal Original Fundamental Particle of the Universe
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2019): 7.583 The Eternal Original Fundamental Particle of the Universe Dadarao Dhone B. E. Electrical (1971) Retiree Exe. Engr., Electric. & Mechanical, Gov. Maharashtra in India (2005) & Retd. Electrical Engg. Faculty. (2007 to 2013), Nanded, M.S., India Abstract: Till now, There are found four fundamental forces in the Nature/universe. They are, (1) Gravity, (2) The Weak Force, (3) Electromagnetism and (4) The Strong Force. But, since 2000, thinking on the most original, eternal, fundamental particles, it is found by the author through meditation of octo-microscopic nature, (1) self-conscious, (2) Intellect, (3) Mind, (4) Space, and Principle Properties of each of the following, (5) Air, (6) Light, (7) Water, (8) Earth; from the Modern Science and the Hindu Phylosophy particularly, ShriMadBhagWadGeeta. that, there must be some fundamental ever existing original particles as building blocks of the Nature, the Universe. Yethakashashthito nityam Vayuh… means as there is air always attached to space, all objects and events in the universe are attached to the space. Space is also self conscious as per the Geeta. The Dark Energy matter in astronomy corresponds to the Vayuh in Geeta. Something moving is energy, Dark photons, always in motion in space is energy and that's the Dark Energy in space. The particles of the Dark Energy are named 'Dark Photons' by the author. These particles represent all above fundamental four forces of the nature and also the properties of mass, electricity and magnetism, And a mesh of neutral field lines which, assume any field according to respective particles coming into existence in space-Domains.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass, Fine Structure Constant, and the Classification of Elementary Particles by Masses
    Journal of Modern Physics, 2021, 12, 988-1004 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp ISSN Online: 2153-120X ISSN Print: 2153-1196 Mass, Fine Structure Constant, and the Classification of Elementary Particles by Masses Khachatur Kirakosyan Institute of Chemical Physics, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, Erevan, Armenia How to cite this paper: Kirakosyan, K. Abstract (2021) Mass, Fine Structure Constant, and the Classification of Elementary Particles The equations of motion of physical bodies are given, the characteristic pa- by Masses. Journal of Modern Physics, 12, rameters of which become the basis for determining a fundamental property 988-1004. of all matter—“mass”. The equations of motion are characterized by two con- https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2021.127061 stants, the derivative of one of which is the fine structure constant. Using Received: April 9, 2021 these constants, energy scales are compiled, which are the basis for classifying Accepted: May 22, 2021 particles by mass. Published: May 25, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by author(s) and Keywords Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Mass, Energy, Structure, Quantum Numbers, Elementary Particles This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access 1. Introduction In modern theoretical views, the origin of the mass and the fine structure con- stant (the symbol α) one relates with the phenomena of interaction [1]-[6], thus the search for a connection between the mass of elementary particles (EP) and α seems to be quite natural. However, the establishment of this connection is complicated by the fact that the contents of α and mass are not sufficiently re- vealed.
    [Show full text]
  • Fifth Force and Hyperfine Splitting in Bound Systems
    Missouri University of Science and Technology Scholars' Mine Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works Physics 01 Jun 2020 Fifth Force and Hyperfine Splitting in Bound Systems Ulrich D. Jentschura Missouri University of Science and Technology, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/phys_facwork Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation U. D. Jentschura, "Fifth Force and Hyperfine Splitting in Bound Systems," Physical Review A, vol. 101, no. 6, American Physical Society, Jun 2020. The definitive version is available at https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.101.062503 This Article - Journal is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars' Mine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works by an authorized administrator of Scholars' Mine. This work is protected by U. S. Copyright Law. Unauthorized use including reproduction for redistribution requires the permission of the copyright holder. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 101, 062503 (2020) Fifth force and hyperfine splitting in bound systems Ulrich D. Jentschura Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA (Received 10 March 2020; accepted 5 May 2020; published 1 June 2020) Two recent experimental observations at the ATOMKI Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (regarding the angular emission pattern of electron-positron pairs from nuclear transitions from excited states in 8Be and 4He) indicate the possible existence of a particle of a rest mass energy of roughly 17 MeV. The so-called X17 particle constitutes a virtual state in the process, preceding the emission of the electron-positron pair.
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamical Evidence for a Fifth Force Explanation of the ATOMKI Nuclear Anomalies
    PHYSICAL REVIEW D 102, 036016 (2020) Dynamical evidence for a fifth force explanation of the ATOMKI nuclear anomalies † ‡ Jonathan L. Feng ,* Tim M. P. Tait , and Christopher B. Verhaaren Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA (Received 18 June 2020; accepted 30 July 2020; published 17 August 2020) Recent anomalies in 8Be and 4He nuclear decays can be explained by postulating a fifth force mediated by a new boson X. The distributions of both transitions are consistent with the same X mass, 17 MeV, providing kinematic evidence for a single new particle explanation. In this work, we examine whether the new results also provide dynamical evidence for a new particle explanation, that is, whether the observed decay rates of both anomalies can be described by a single hypothesis for the X boson’s interactions. We consider the observed 8Be and 4He excited nuclei, as well as a 12C excited nucleus; together these span the possible JP quantum numbers up to spin 1 for excited nuclei. For each transition, we determine whether scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial vector X particles can mediate the decay, and we construct the leading operators in a nuclear physics effective field theory that describes them. Assuming parity conservation, the scalar case is excluded and the pseudoscalar case is highly disfavored. Remarkably, however, the protophobic vector gauge boson, first proposed to explain only the 8Be anomaly, also explains the 4He anomaly within experimental uncertainties. We predict signal rates for other closely related nuclear measurements, which, if confirmed by the ATOMKI group and others, would provide overwhelming evidence that a fifth force has been discovered.
    [Show full text]
  • A 'No-Brainer Nobel Prize': Hungarian Scientists May Have Found a Fifth
    A 'no-brainer Nobel Prize': Hungarian scientists may have found a fifth force of nature By Ryan Prior, CNN ! Updated 2:44 PM ET, Sat November 23, 2019 (CNN) — Physics centers essentially on four forces that control our known, visible universe, governing everything from the production of heat in the sun to the way your laptop works. They are gravity, electromagnetism, the weak nuclear force, and the strong force. Physicist Attila Krasznahorkay, right, works with a fellow researcher at the Institute for Nuclear Research at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. New research may be leading us closer to one more. Scientists at the Institute for Nuclear Research at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Atomki) have posted findings showing what could be an example of that fifth force at work. The scientists were closely watching how an excited helium atom emitted light as it decayed. The particles split at an unusual angle -- 115 degrees -- which couldn't be explained by known physics. The study's lead scientist, Attila Krasznahorkay, told CNN that this was the second time his team had detected a new particle, which they call X17, because they calculated its mass at 17 megaelectronvolts. "X17 could be a particle, which connects our visible world with the dark matter," he said in an email. Jonathan Feng, a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California at Irvine told CNN he's been following the Hungarian team's work for years, and believes its research is shaping up to be a game changer. If these results can be replicated, "this would be a no-brainer Nobel Prize," he said.
    [Show full text]
  • X17-Boson.Pdf
    Anomalies observed in nuclear transitions indicate the existence of a new particle with mass of 17 MeV/c2 Attila J. Krasznahorkay Inst. of Nucl. Res. (Atomki) 3 main divisions: . Nuclear Physics Division . Atomic Physics Division . Applied Physics Division Size: 100 scientists, 100 other staff In the downtown of Debrecen, www.atomki.mta.hu Leitmotif of my present talk: In an age of giant accelerators, of complex experiments and of mystifying theories it is a pleasure to report on some simple experiments, made with simple equipment and having a simple interpretation Robert Hofstadter (Nobel, 1961) Search for a light neutral boson in nuclear transitions Attila Krasznahorkay, F.W.N. de Boer, M. Csatlós, L. Csige, Z. Gácsi, J. Gulyás, M. Hunyadi, T.J. Ketel, A. Krasznahorkay Jr., R.G. Lovas, B.M. Nyakó, L. Stuhl, T. Tornyi, J. Van Klinken The boson showed up with ≈3σ confidence inspiration for further more precise experiments !!! 3 ~200 citations, 8Be anomaly, X17 boson X17 boson Krasznahorkay 4 Study the 8Be M1 transitions Excitation with the 7Li(p,γ)8Be reaction 18.2 1+ Ep= 1030 keV 17.6 1+ Ep= 441 keV 3.0 2+ + 0 0 8Be X17 boson Krasznahorkay 5 Internal pair creation and particle decay Background Signature Jπ i e+ π J f – X17 boson Krasznahorkay e Experiments with a new e+e- spectrometer (NIM, A808 (2016) 21) Proton decay: B(p + 7Li) ≈ 100% γ-decay: B(8Be + g) ≈ 1.5 x 10-5 Internal pair creation: B(8Be + e+ e-) ≈ 5.5 x 10-8 Ejection of a new particle: B(8Be + X) ≈ 5.5 x 10-10 X17 boson Krasznahorkay 7 Results e+ - e- sum energy spectra and angular correlations Ep=1.04 MeV Ep=1.10 MeV Deviation from IPC Blind analysis, tuning the parameters… X17 boson Krasznahorkay 8 How can we understand the peak like deviation? Fitting the angular correlations Experimental angular e+e− pair correlations Determination of the 푚2≈ 1 − 푦2 퐸2 sin(Θ/2) measured in the 7Li(p,e+e−) reaction at Ep=1.10 MeV mass of the new 퐸 −퐸 with -0.5< y <0.5 (closed circles) and |y|>0.5 (open particle by the Χ2/f Y= + − 퐸++퐸− circles), where y=(E1-E2)/(E1+E2).
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2101.01865V3 [Hep-Ph] 4 May 2021
    Tests of the Atomki anomaly in lepton pair decays of heavy mesons G. L´opez Castro1, ∗ and N´estorQuintero2, 3, y 1Departamento de F´ısica, Centro de Investigaci´ony de Estudios Avanzados, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 M´exico D.F., M´exico 2Facultad de Ciencias B´asicas, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Campus Pampalinda, Calle 5 No. 62-00, C´odigoPostal 76001, Santiago de Cali, Colombia 3Departamento de F´ısica, Universidad del Tolima, C´odigoPostal 730006299, Ibagu´e,Colombia The anomalies recently reported in lepton pair transitions of 8Be∗ and 4He nuclei may be at- tributed to the existence of a feebly interacting light vector boson X17. We study the effects of this hypothetic particle in the semileptonic H∗ ! He+e− decays (H a Qq¯ meson) in the framework of the HQET+VMD model. Using current bounds and the universality assumption of the X17 boson ∗+ ∗+ to quarks, we find that decays of D and Ds mesons can be importantly enhanced relative to the dominant photon-mediated contributions. Dedicated experimental searches at current heavy meson factories may confirm the existence of this light boson or set stronger bounds of their couplings to ordinary matter. I. INTRODUCTION warned that the addition of radiative corrections to the leading one photon exchange amplitude may be respon- The existence of a light vector boson weakly coupled sible [14] for generating the bumps reported in the an- 8 ∗ to Standard Model (SM) fermions, has been suggested gle and mass spectrum of electron-positron pairs in Be as a solution to the observed discrepancy between the transitions.
    [Show full text]
  • Searching for a Dark Photon Signal with PADME
    Andromeda Proceedings BSM 2021, Online Searching for a Dark Photon Signal with PADME F. Oliva on behalf of the PADME collaboration Universit`adel Salento and INFN Lecce, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy Abstract PADME (Positron Annihilation into Dark Matter Experiment) is a fixed target experiment located at the Beam Test Facility (BTF) at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) that searches for a massive dark photon A0 in the process e+e− ! gA0, using a positron beam of energy up to 550 MeV. The experiment uses the missing mass technique, which allows to search for the dark photon in a model independent way. −3 2 A sensitivity on the mixing constant e > 10 for a dark photon mass in the range 1 ≤ mA0 ≤ 23.7 MeV/c can be achieved by collecting an integrated luminosity of 4 × 1013 positrons on target. Keywords: dark matter, dark photon, fixed target experiment DOI: 10.31526/ACP.BSM-2021.1 1. DARK MATTER AND DARK PHOTON The Universe consists of ordinary baryonic matter for 5%, dark matter for 26%, and dark energy for the remaining 69%, in according to the Standard Model of Cosmology. The Standard Model of particle physics (SM) is not sufficient to explain the existence of the dark matter and nowadays models of Physics Beyond the SM (BSM) which foresee dark matter candidates are attracting the attention of the whole scientific community. A possible scenario is the introduction of a Dark Sector (DS) [1] in which dark particles are confined, that can only feebly interact with the world that we know through a portal.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Protophobic X Bosons (X17 Particle) to Dark Photon, Dark Matter, WIMP’S, Neutralinos, Photinos, Neutrinos, Axions and Axinos.“
    “From The Protophobic X Bosons (X17 particle) to Dark Photon, Dark Matter, WIMP’S, Neutralinos, Photinos, Neutrinos, Axions and Axinos.“ Author: Imrich KRIŠTOFa aMasaryk University Brno, Faculty of Science, Kotlářská Street no. 2, Brno, South Moravia, Czech Republic. e–mail: [email protected] Telephone +420 737 986 093. Abstract: This new paper talks about the elementary subatomic particles on a level hypothetical–theoretical– experimental detection studies in divisions of physics like theoretical, statistical physics, astrophysics, cosmology, particle physics and applied physics. Begining of the Article is connected with discoveries of X17 (Protophobic X Boson Particle) and the fifth fundamental force of all Universe, called “quintessence” – the energy of Dark Matter or Dark Energy. The first part of the Paper is dedicated to a Hungarian nuclear physicist Prof. Dr. Attila Krasznahorkay, Dr.Sc. from Research Center Atomki Debrecen. Prof. Dr. Attila Krasznahorkay, Dr. Sc. 4 and his team at Atomki had successfully observed the same anomalies in the decay of stable 2Helium bombarding atoms and unstable transitions of Be8, Li7, He4 had been observed in Beryllium–8, strengthening the case for the existence of the X17 particle, the name of this particle means that has energy about 17 MeV (protophobic), because ignoring protons in interactions. Mean lifetime is approximately 10-14 s. Further parts of text describe hypothesis, theories and detection and significance of elementary particles, which are candidates to a building the Dark Matter and Dark Energy like Dark Photons, WIMP’S, Photinos, Neutralinos, Axinos and Axions. Keywords: Protophobic X–Boson, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Dark Photon, The Dark Neutrinos, WIMP’S, Neutralinos, Majorana Fermion, Dual Photon, Axinos, Saxion, Axion insulator, Inorganic Crystal Scintillators, Supersymmetry, Hypersymmetry, CDM (cold dark matter).
    [Show full text]
  • X17 Factor Solve Dark Matter Mystery
    X17 Factor Solve Dark Matter Mystery A team of scientists in Hungary recently published a paper that hints at the existence of a previously unknown subatomic particle. [23] In an international collaboration between Japan and Sweden, scientists clarified how gravity affects the shape of matter near the black hole in binary system Cygnus X-1. [22] New research shows the first evidence of strong winds around black holes throughout bright outburst events when a black hole rapidly consumes mass. [21] Chris Packham, associate professor of physics and astronomy at The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), has collaborated on a new study that expands the scientific community's understanding of black holes in our galaxy and the magnetic fields that surround them. [20] In a paper published today in the journal Science, University of Florida scientists have discovered these tears in the fabric of the universe have significantly weaker magnetic fields than previously thought. [19] The group explains their theory in a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters—it involves the idea of primordial black holes (PBHs) infesting the centers of neutron stars and eating them from the inside out. [18] But for rotating black holes, there’s a region outside the event horizon where strange and extraordinary things can happen, and these extraordinary possibilities are the focus of a new paper in the American Physical Society journal Physical Review Letters. [17] Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe.
    [Show full text]
  • GAUGED and GEOMETRIC VECTOR FIELDS at the Mev SCALE
    GAUGED AND GEOMETRIC VECTOR FIELDS AT THE MeV SCALE A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate School of Izmir˙ Institute of Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Physics by Beyhan PULIÇE˙ July 2020 IZM˙ IR˙ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Dur- mu¸sAli Demir who has been continually supportive to me. It is an honour to work with such a guide who teaches and works Physics with imcomparable passion and enthusiasm. I would have to say that it is him who has most greatly inspired me in Physics. I would like to thank to the committee members Prof. Dr. Ramazan Tugrul˘ Senger and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Levent Selbuz for joining to the thesis watch seminars and making fruitful disccusions. I am also thankful to Prof. Dr. Ismail˙ Turan and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fatih Erman for joining the thesis defense seminar as committee members. I would like to express my thanks to my friends and all the people who have provided a nice environment in the department. I would like to thank my family for always being by my side. ABSTRACT GAUGED AND GEOMETRIC VECTOR FIELDS AT THE MeV SCALE In this thesis, we have studied gauged and geometric vector fields at the MeV scale in two main parts. The basic framework of these two parts are given briefly as follows. In the first part (Chapter 2), we have built a family-nonuniversal U(1)0 model populated by an MeV-scale sector with a minimal new field content which explains the recent anomalous beryllium decays.
    [Show full text]