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Biostratigraphy and Regional Relations of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado

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Biostratigraphy and Regional Relations of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado Biostratigraphy and Regional Relations of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 985 Biostratigraphy and Regional Relations of the Mississippian Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado By AUGUSTUS K. ARMSTRONG and. BERNARD L. MAMET GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 985 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1976 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Armstrong, Augustus K. Biostratigraphy and regional relations of the Mississippian Leadville limestone in the San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado. (Geological Survey Professional Paper 985) Bibliography: p. 24-25. Supt.ofDocs.no. I 19.16:985 1. Geology, Stratigraphic-Mississippian. 2. Geology-Colorado-San Juan Mountains. I. Mamet, Bernard L., joint author. II. Title: Biostratigraphy and regional relations of the Mississippian Leadville limestone... II. Series: United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 985. QE672.A68 551.7'51'0978838 76-608257 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Stock Number 024-001-02910-3 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract __________________________________ 1 Tuberendothyra Skipp in McKee and Gutschick 1969 Con. Introduction ____________________________ 1 Genus Spinoendothyra Lipina 1963 emended 12 Previous studies ______________________ 1 Contact between Devonian and Mississippian rocks 13 Stratigraphic sections ___________________ 3 Contact between Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks _ 14 Rockwood Quarry sections 65A-12A, 66C-4________ 3 Correlation of the Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Moun­ Coalbank Hill section 66C-1 __________________ 6 tains____ _ _ - 14 Molas Creek section 66C-2 and Molas Lake section Regional correlations and paleogeography __ _ _ 15 66C-2B _____________________________ 6 Redwall Limestone, Grand Canyon, Arizona __ ___ 15 Ouray section 66C-5 ______________________ 8 Arroyo Penasco Group, north-central New Mexico._____ 15 Vallecito section 66C-3 _____________________ 9 Kelly Limestone of the Ladron Mountains, west-central New Piedra River section 65A-10________________ 9 Mexico __________________ _-- 17 Kerber Creek 66C-6 and 66C-6B ______________ 10 Caloso Member _____________ ____ 18 Microfossils of the Leadville Limestones ____________ 11 Ladron Member--___ ______ ______ 18 Tuberendothyra Skipp in McKee and Gutschick 1969 and Taxo- Microfossils___________________ __- 19 nomic emendation of Spinoendothyra Lipina 1963, by Late Osagean marine transgression . __ __ 19 Bernard L. Mamet ___________________ 12 Location of stratigraphic sections and fossil localities __ __ 21 Genus Tuberendothyra Skipp in McKee and Gutschick 1969 References cited ______________ ___ _____ __ 24 emended _______________________________ 12 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 1 and 2 follow references. Plate 3 is in pocket] PLATE 1. Photomicrographs of Leadville Limestone and microfossils. 2. Photomicrographs of Leadville Limestone and microfossils. 3. Location of stratigraphic sections and biostratigraphic correlation chart of Leadville Limestone, San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado. Page FIGURE 1. Index map showing location of major Mississippian rock outcrops, San Juan Mountains _____ __ _ 2 2. Photograph of outcrop of Mississippian Leadville Limestone north of Rockwood Quarry, southwestern Colorado ________ 4 3. Photograph showing outcrop of Leadville Limestone, just north of Rockwood Quarry _________ _ ______ 4 4. Photograph showing red shale and limestone band at base of Leadville Limestone __________ -__ 4 5. Photograph of outcrop of Leadville Limestone in Molas Creek section (66C-2)________ ___ - ___ --- - 6 6. Photograph of top of Leadville Limestone at Molas Creek section (66C-2) ______ ________ __________ _ 6 7. Photograph of solution-rounded boulder of Leadville Limestone at Molas Lake section (66C-2B) __ - - 7 8. Photograph showing angular unconformity in Box Canyon near Ouray, Colo _________ __ -- ----- 8 9. Stratigraphic column of Mississippian Arroyo Penasco Group at Tererro, N. Mex __ _ __- - 16 10. Stratigraphic column of Mississippian Caloso and Ladron Members of the Kelly Limestone, Ladron Mountains, west- central New Mexico _________________________________- __ - -- 18 11. Regional correlation diagram of Leadville Limestone of San Juan Mountains, Colo., and Mississippian rocks in adjacent areas _________________________________________________________________________________ _________ _ 20 12. Biostratigraphic correlation and facies relation diagram of Mississippian rocks from the San Juan Mountains, south­ western Colorado, to the Ladron Mountains of west-central New Mexico _____ _ ____ ___ __ _ --- 22 13. Idealized Late Devonian paleogeologic map of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico _ _- -- - 23 14. Paleogeographic map of northern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and Four Corners area at the end of Osagean, Mississippian time __________________________________-_______ __ 23 15. Idealized pre-Pennsylvanian sedimentation paleogeologic map of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico_---_----_ 24 BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND REGIONAL RELATIONS OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN LEADVILLE LIMESTONE IN THE SAN JUAN MOUNTAINS, SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO By AUGUSTUS K. ARMSTRONG and BERNARD L. MAMET ABSTRACT The primary objectives of this study were to date the In the San Juan Mountains, southwestern Colorado and adjacent Leadville Limestone in the San Juan Mountains and areas, the Leadville Limestone, of Mississippian age, disconformably the hiatus that separates the Mississippian rocks from overlies the Ouray Limestone of Late Devonian (Famennian) age. the Devonian Ouray Limestone. The regional strati- Generally the Leadville Limestone can be divided into two parts. The graphic relations of the Leadville Limestone of the San lower part, 2-50 m thick, is unfossiliferous dolomite and lime mud- stone of uncertain age that were deposited in a subtidal to supratidal Juan Mountains to other Mississippian rocks of the environment. Overlying these is 2-26 m of pellet-echinoderm-ooid- region are shown by correlation charts and regional foraminifer packstone-wackestone that contains a microfossil as­ paleogeographic maps. semblage of zone 9, which is Osagean, late Tournaisian age. This Durham's (1962) carbonate rock classification is fossiliferous limestone was deposited in open, shallow marine water. used in this report. A regional unconformity and pre-Pennsylvanian erosion surface at the top of the Leadville Limestone represent a stratigraphic hiatus We wish to express our appreciation to Dr. Frank encompassing Meramecian, Chesterian, and probably part of early Kottlowski, Director of the New Mexico Bureau of Morrowan time. The lowest beds of the overlying Pennsylvanian Mines and Mineral Resources, who suggested this Molas Formation were deposited on the Leadville Limestone as a study in 1964 and who supported the field studies in residuum composed of nonmarine mudstone, solution-rounded lime­ New Mexico in 1965. We acknowledge with pleasure stone, and chert. A major marine transgression occurred in zone 9, late Osage time, the help and encouragement given us in this study by in northern Arizona, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and southern U.S. Geological Survey geologists J. Thomas Dutro, Utah. The crinoid-foraminifer limestone of the Leadville Limestone Jr., and William J. Sando. We are indebted to Dutro for of the San Juan Mountains is part of a once extensive carbonate the identification of the Devonian brachiopods and to cover. Open-marine carbonate rocks that are time-stratigraphic John W. Huddle for the conodont data. equivalents of the Leadville include to the west the Mooney Falls Member of the Redwall Limestone of the Grand Canyon, Ariz., and to the south the Ladron Member of the Kelly Limestone of west-central New Mexico. The Espiritu Santo Formation, to the southeast in north-central New Mexico, is a subtidal-supratidal facies of zone 9 of PREVIOUS STUDIES the Leadville Limestone. The Leadville Limestone was named by Eldridge (Emmons and Eldridge, 1894) for outcrops in the Lead­ INTRODUCTION ville mining district of Lake County, Colorado. The field studies (fig. 1) for this report were done in Spencer (1900) designated the type locality of the 1965 and 1966 in southern Colorado. The sections in Ouray Limestone, at the junction of Canyon Creek the Nacimiento Mountains and north-central New with the Uncompahgre River just south of Ouray, in Mexico were sampled in 1965, 1966, 1972, and 1973. the San Juan Mountains, Colo. The name was origi­ The Mississippian outcrops of west-central New Mexi­ nally applied to beds in which only Devonian fossils co were sampled in 1956, 1970, and 1973. were then known. Girty (1903) found that the megafos- The stratigraphic sections were measured with a sils from the upper part of the Ouray Limestone of the Jacobs staff and tape. Lithologic samples were col­ San Juan Mountains were of Early Mississippian age lected at 1- to 3-m intervals. The lithologic samples and were similar to faunas from the type Leadville were made into thin sections for petrographic and mi­ Limestone at Leadville and to the Madison Limestone crofossil study. of Yellowstone National Park. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND REGIONAL RELATIONS OF THE MISSISSIPPIAN LEADVILLE LIMESTONE 112° 111° 110° 109° 108°2=3 107° 106° 105° 38° Lisbon>UM I oil fieldield.
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