DOCSLIB.ORG

Guide for Producing Dryland Camelina in Eastern Colorado Fact Sheet No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Guide for Producing Dryland Camelina in Eastern Colorado Fact Sheet No Guide for Producing Dryland Camelina in Eastern Colorado Fact Sheet No. 0.709 Crop Series|Production J.N. Enjalbert and J.J. Johnson* Camelina is an annual crop with small • Camelina meal contains Quick Facts seed that has been cultivated in Europe approximately 40% protein, is high for more than a thousand years. Eastern in Omega-3 fatty acid content, • Eastern Colorado’s wheat- Colorado’s wheat-based, cropping system and low in erucic acid content and based, cropping system covers more than 4 million acres and spring- glucosinolates. covers more than 4 million planted camelina would fit well into a dryland acres and spring-planted crop rotation. Camelina is a short, relatively Potential problems for camelina would fit well into a shallow-rooted, short-season, crop requiring dryland crop rotation. 85 to 100 days from emergence to maturity. growing dryland spring The seed contains approximately 30–35% oil camelina in eastern • Unlike spring canola and and can produce 40 or more gallons per acre Colorado Indian brown mustard, of clean vegetable oil and potentially 900 lb/ac • The primary production challenges camelina is tolerant of flea of high-protein animal meal. are stand establishment and weed beetles and other insects. control. • Camelina can be grown Potential benefits of growing • An effective weed control method is under tilled or no-till dryland to plant camelina in late winter/early dryland spring camelina in conditions. Excessive spring into a clean field. Camelina eastern Colorado crop residue can reduce can be planted from the end of • Camelina production requires the February to the first week of April in emergence so seeding rates same equipment as wheat. eastern Colorado. might need to be increased. • Typical seeding rates are 5 to 7 lb/ac • Camelina is sensitive to damage from and seed cost is approximately $2/lb. sulfonylurea (SU) herbicide residuals • Camelina requires little fertilization. such as Ally, Amber, and triazine See Fertilization below. herbicides. • Unlike spring canola and Indian • Shallow (¼ in.) planting is critical to brown mustard, camelina is tolerant good stand establishment and good of flea beetles and other insects. seed-to-soil contact. • Camelina has been relatively disease- • Weed control in open areas is more free in eastern Colorado. of a threat than lower yields due to • Camelina branches easily, fills in poor stands. blank spaces, and is more drought • Camelina seed yields have been and heat-tolerant than other brassica variable in eastern Colorado, crops. ranging from 300 to 1600 lb/ac in • Until its pods ripen, camelina is experimental plots. Crop yields vary less susceptible to hail damage than but camelina yields have been more most other crops grown in eastern variable than what we have observed Colorado. in many other crops in eastern • Camelina can be direct-harvested Colorado and the reasons for this given its pods mature quite uniformly yield variation of camelina have not on the plant. been identified. • Reliable markets for camelina need to ©Colorado State University be developed. Extension. 7/11. www.ext.colostate.edu *J.N. Enjalbert, Colorado State University graduate student, department of soil and crop sciences; J.J. Johnson, Colorado State University Extension specialist, crop production. 7/11 Table 1: Residual sulfonylurea herbicide damage to camelina. wheels on the planter to ensure good seed- Herbicide (active Weeds controlled Labeled Crop Residuals for to-soil contact. Camelina can be planted ingredient) camelina with a wheat drill, or broadcast and then Ally/ Escort (Metsulfuron) Broadleaf weeds Wheat/Barley and CRP >24 months pressed into moist soil. Seed can also be land broadcast with fertilizer. Some producers Amber (Triasulfuron) Broadleaf weeds Winter and spring >24 months may prefer to plant camelina seed with an wheat alfalfa seed attachment on the wheat drill Express (Tribenuron) Annual broadleaf Wheat/Barley >24 months or plant with an alfalfa seeder. Camelina weeds should be planted at 5–7 lb/ac. There are Atrazine (triazine) Broadleaf weeds Corn/Fallow >18 months about 500,000 camelina seed/lb. Seeding rate should be increased to 7 lb/ac if soil moisture in not optimal, if the field has a Rotation (2011), the only regionally available history of crusting, or if there is excessive camelina variety is Pronghorn. It is an crop residue. Following summer crops (corn, early-maturing variety bred and released sunflower, sorghum, or proso millet), by Charlie Rife (High Plains Crop Weed control camelina can be planted early. Harvested Development, LLC) in Torrington, WY. from mid-to-late July, the soil can store Colorado State University has conducted The best weed control approach is to moisture from late July to mid-September camelina variety trials for multiple years at plant early into a field that was relatively before planting winter wheat. When Akron, Iliff, and Fort Collins under dryland weed-free. Early planting and good stand moisture allows, it’s possible to harvest and irrigated conditions. Camelina varieties establishment, allows camelina to compete three crops in three years instead of two Ligena, Celine, Cheyenne, and Blaine Creek well with weeds so herbicide applications crops in three years. Camelina would have performed well but seed of these may not be necessary. Emerged weeds replace fallow, provide an energy crop, varieties would have to be found from can be controlled with glyphosate applied and not compete with a critical food crop. outside the region. immediately before planting camelina. Insufficient precipitation after camelina Pronghorn – Early maturity, will be in Currently, Poast® (a BASF post-emergence harvest and before wheat planting could Colorado yield trials for first time in 2011. grass control product) is the only herbicide reduce subsequent wheat yields. Camelina Cheyenne – Medium to late maturity, labeled for camelina and is a grass crop residue decomposes readily and is not stable yield and 32.4% oil content in CSU herbicide. Therefore, no broadleaf weed expected to be a problem for tilled or no-till trials (Johnson and Enjalbert, 2011). control is available in crop. wheat planting. Ligena – European variety, late maturity, tall, high yielding, and 31.8% oil content in Field selection CSU trials. Camelina breeding Celine – European variety, medium Some residual (carry over in the soil) maturity, highest yielding variety, 32.4% oil programs, varieties, and herbicides from preceding crops are content in CSU trials. contact information important to avoid. Camelina is damaged Blaine Creek – Medium maturity, by the residual sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides average yield, and 32.3% oil content in CSU High Plains Crop Development, LLC. in Table 1. trials. Varieties: Cheyenne and Pronghorn. In areas with a soil pH higher than 7.0 Breeder: Charlie Rife. Location: and with prolonged periods of low soil Torrington WY. Phone: (307) 575-4580. temperature and low annual rainfall, the SU Planting considerations Price: 2$/lb herbicides can remain active in the soil for Camelina is cold-tolerant and can be 2-4 years or more and they can injure non- planted from late February to mid-April in Montana State University. Varieties: tolerant rotational crops such as camelina. eastern Colorado without too much risk of Blaine Creek, Sunesson and Celine. Camelina can be grown under tilled or experiencing freeze damage. Early planting Breeder: Biobased Products Institute. no-till dryland conditions as long as there can help to control weeds. Planting into Site: www.montana.edu/biobased/ is no residual SU or triazine herbicides moisture is critical. Camelina seed will remaining in the soil, that good seed-to- germinate and emerge at soil temperatures Sustainable Oils (Target Growth, Inc.). moist soil contact must be obtained at at or above 36°F. Early planting leads to Varieties: SO-10, SO-20 and SO-30. planting, and an effective weed control early emergence, flowering, and maturity Contact: Mike Waring. Phone: (406) in camelina can be difficult due to lack of which improves the chances of escaping registered products. Excessive crop residue 788-2433. E-mail: Mike.Waring@ high temperatures during pollination. susoils.com. Site: www.susoil.com can reduce emergence so seeding rates Planting after April 15 in eastern Colorado might need to be increased. may subject the crop to high temperatures Great Plains Oil. Variety: Yellow during flowering, which will likely reduce Stone. Contact: Great Plains Oil Variety selection yields. Planting early, in cool temperatures, & Exploration, LLC. 1 Enfield reduces the risk of drying out the soil Street, Cincinnati, OH 45218. Camelina variety selection is highly surface and reducing emergence. Plant Site: www.camelinacompany.com dependent on seed availability. This spring camelina ¼-inch deep and use the press- Fertilization Marketing camelina Colorado crushing facilities Soil sampling is always recommended. A reliable market for camelina should Soil nitrogen and organic matter content be identified prior to planting. This fact and expected yield determine how much sheet targets on-farm production of Rocky Ford. Big Squeeze. Managers/ nitrogen should be applied. Assuming camelina as a petroleum fuel substitute owners: Hal Holder and Joel a common residual nitrogen level in a and on-farm use of camelina meal. Lundquist. Phone: (719) 241-1128. dryland wheat-based cropping system and Mechanically extracted camelina meal Contact: Dr. Perry E. Cabot, Extension a camelina seed yield target of 1200 lb/ac, contains approximately 13% fat and 40% water resources specialist. Phone: 20-40 lb N/ac may need to be incorporated protein, making it similar to other oilseed (719) 549-2045. prior to planting. Camelina has not meals. The quantities of glucosinolates been shown to respond to phosphorus, and other anti-nutritional factors are Burlington (Stratton). Chuck Clapper. potassium, or sulfur applications at current relatively low in camelina meal. (Böhme, yields in our cropping systems. and Flachowsky, 2005). The Food and Phone: (719) 349-2183. Drug Administration (FDA) has approved camelina meal use in cattle feed at a level San Luis Valley (Costilla County).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spring Camelina Production Guide 2009 DEC.Indd
    SPRING CAMELINA PRODUCTION GUIDE For the Central High Plains December 2009 Central High Plains Produced by Blue Sun Energy with the support of Advancing Colorado’s Renewable Energy (ACRE) Ryan M. Lafferty, Charlie Rife and Gus Foster 1 2 INTRODUCTION Camelina, [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, Brassicaceae] This document is available for purchase at the AAFCO is an old world crop newly introduced to the semiarid west of website. Research is ongoing and increased feeding levels the United States. Camelina is promising new spring-sown are expected to be established in the future. rotation crop due to its excellent seedling frost tolerance, a short production cycle (60-90 days) and resistance to flea Camelina is adapted to marginal growing conditions. beetles. Camelina has a high oil content (~35% oil) and Preliminary water use efficiency research conducted in improved drought tolerance and water use efficiency (yield Akron, CO at the Great Plains Research Center indicates that vs. evapotranspiration (ET)) when compared to other oilseed it has the highest water use efficiency of the tested oilseed crops. crops (canola, juncea, and sunflowers). Camelina is planted early spring (March) and is harvested in early to mid July. Camelina is a member of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Camelina is adapted (low-water use and short production family. Brassicaceae is comprised of about 350 genera and cycle) to fit into the winter wheat based crop rotation systems 3000 species. Important crops in this family include canola/ of the semiarid (10-15 inches precipitation) High Plains. rapeseed, (Brassica napus and B. rapa); mustards, (B. juncea; Sinapus alba; B.
    [Show full text]
  • Camelina Sativa, a Montana Omega-3 and Fuel Crop* Alice L
    Reprinted from: Issues in new crops and new uses. 2007. J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.). ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA. Camelina sativa, A Montana Omega-3 and Fuel Crop* Alice L. Pilgeram, David C. Sands, Darrin Boss, Nick Dale, David Wichman, Peggy Lamb, Chaofu Lu, Rick Barrows, Mathew Kirkpatrick, Brian Thompson, and Duane L. Johnson Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz, (Brassicaceae), commonly known as false flax, leindotter and gold of pleasure, is a fall or spring planted annual oilcrop species (Putman et al. 1993). This versatile crop has been cultivated in Europe since the Bronze Age. Camelina seed was found in the stomach of Tollund man, a 4th century BCE mummy recovered from a peat bog in Denmark (Glob 1969). Anthropologists postulate that the man’s last meal had been a soup made from vegetables and seeds including barley, linseed, camelina, knotweed, bristle grass, and chamomile. The Romans used camelina oil as massage oil, lamp fuel, and cooking oil, as well as the meal for food or feed. Camelina, like many Brassicaceae, germinates and emerges in the early spring, well before most cereal grains. Early emergence has several advantages for dryland production including efficient utiliza- tion of spring moisture and competitiveness with common weeds. In response to the resurgent interest in oil crops for sustainable biofuel production, the Montana State Uni- versity (MSU) Agricultural Research Centers have conducted a multi-year, multi-specie oilseed trial. This trial included nine different oilseed crops (sunflower, safflower, soybean, rapeseed, mustard, flax, crambe, canola, and camelina). Camelina sativa emerged from this trial as a promising oilseed crop for production across Montana and the Northern Great Plains.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Mutant Camelina and Jatropha As Valuable Feedstocks for Biodiesel
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Novel mutant camelina and jatropha as valuable feedstocks for biodiesel production Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Asif Ali Khan1,2, Hafza Masooma Naseer Cheema1, Muhammad Asif Hanif3*, Muhammad Waqar Azeem3 & Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat4 Novel mutant camelina has become a crop of interest inspired by its short growing season, low harvesting costs and high oil composition. Despite those advantages, limited research has been done on novel mutant lines to determine applicability for biodiesel production. Jatropha is an extremely hardy, frugal and high oil yielding plant species. The major aim of the present study was not only to compare biodiesel production from jatropha and camelina but was also to test the efcacy of camelina mutant lines (M6 progenies) as superior feedstock. The biodiesel yield from camelina oil and jatropha oil was 96% and 92%, respectively. The gas chromatographic analysis using fame ionization detector (GC-FID) showed that mutant camelina oil biodiesel sample contain major amount of oleic acid (46.54 wt%) followed by linolenic acid (20.41 wt%) and linoleic acid (16.55 wt%). Jatropha biodiesel found to contain major amount of oleic acid (45.03 wt%) followed by linoleic acid (25.07 wt%) and palmitic acid (19.31 wt%). The fuel properties of produced biodiesel were found in good agreement with EN14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The mutant camelina lines biodiesel have shown comparatively better fuel properties than jatropha. It has shown low saponifcation value (120.87–149.35), high iodine value (130.2–157.9) and better cetane number (48.53–59.35) compared to jatropha biodiesel which have high saponifcation value (177.39–198.9), low iodine value (109.7– 123.1) and lesser cetane number (47.76–51.26).
    [Show full text]
  • Camelina Sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes in Response to Sowing Date Under Mediterranean Environment
    agronomy Article Performance and Potentiality of Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) Genotypes in Response to Sowing Date under Mediterranean Environment Luciana G. Angelini , Lara Abou Chehade , Lara Foschi and Silvia Tavarini * Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] (L.G.A.); [email protected] (L.A.C.); [email protected] (L.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 November 2020; Accepted: 5 December 2020; Published: 8 December 2020 Abstract: Given the growing interest for camelina, as a multipurpose oilseed crop, seven cultivars and two sowing times were compared to characterize camelina’s production potential in the rainfed agroecosystems of Central Italy. A split-plot design, with sowing date as main plot (autumn and spring) and cultivar (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, and CELINE) as subplot, was adopted over two growing seasons (2017–2019). Phenology, yield and yield components, protein and oil content, and fatty acid profile were evaluated. Going from autumn to spring sowing, a significant reduction was observed in the number of days (139 vs. 54 days) and GDD (642 vs. 466 ◦C d) from emergence to beginning of flowering, with more consistent variations among cultivars. V1 and V2 were the earlier ones both in spring and autumn sowing. Autumn sowing increased seed yield (+18.0%), TSW (+4.1%), number of siliques per plant (+47.2%), contents of α-linolenic, eicosenoic, erucic and eicosadienoic acids, and polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio. Regarding genotype, V3 showed the best seed and oil yield in autumn, whereas V1 and CELINE were the best performing in spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollination of Two Oilproducing Plant Species: Camelina (Camelina
    GCB Bioenergy (2013), doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12122 Pollination of two oil-producing plant species: Camelina (Camelina sativa L. Crantz) and pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) double-cropping in Germany JANNA H. GROENEVELD* andALEXANDRA-MARIA KLEIN*† *Institute of Ecology, Ecosystem Functions, Leuphana University Luneburg,€ Scharnhorststr. 1, Luneburg€ 21335, Germany, †Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, Freiburg 79106, Germany Abstract Camelina and pennycress are two annual oil-producing plant species that have recently gained attention as bio- fuel feedstock crops. Prior to commercial production, information on their breeding and pollination system is essential to ensure sustainable management. We conducted pollination experiments and observed flower visitors in an experimental double-cropping system in southern Germany. We found that common camelina varieties were mainly self-pollinated and yield of one variety seemed to benefit from insect visitation, whereas penny- cress was predominantly wind pollinated. Camelina showed higher overall visitation rates by insects than pen- nycress. Flies and wild bees visited both crop species, but honey bees visited camelina only. We conclude that both oil crop species produce yield without pollinators but offer foraging resources for different insect taxa at times when few other crops and native plants are flowering. Keywords: biofuels, Brassicaceae, breeding system, ecological sustainability, ecosystem services, honey bees, wild bees Received 22 December 2012; revised version received 17 July 2013 and accepted 31 July 2013 proven suitable for biodiesel (Moser et al., 2009; Moser, Introduction 2010) and biokerosene production (Shonnard et al., Nowadays agriculture not only provides goods for 2010). Other applications are in the cosmetic, biolubri- human food consumption but also feedstock for the bio- cant, and in the culinary sector (the last for camelina energy sector.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regional Feedstock Partnership: Herbaceous Energy Crops and CRP Land for Biomass Production
    The Regional Feedstock Partnership: Herbaceous Energy Crops and CRP Land for Biomass Production 20-23 May 2013 Feedstock Supply and Logistics Peer Review Vance N. Owens South Dakota State University Goal/Objectives . Development of more accurate cost supply information and improved communication with partners in the biomass feedstock supply chain . Replicated field trials across regions to determine the impact of residue removal on future grain yield. Replicated field trials to develop energy crops within geographical regions. Regional assessment of feedstock resources which can be used to determine supply curves. Long term field data is the best and most direct way to determine commercial viability 20 May 2013 2013 Feedstock Platform Review 2 Quad Chart Overview Timeline Barriers • Project start date: 01/15/2007 • Ft-A: Resource availability and cost • Project end date: 09/30/2013 • Ft-B: Sustainable production • Percent complete: 80% • Ft-C: Crop genetics Budget Partners • Funding for FY11 • DOE: $1,150,637 • Collaborations: Sun Grant, DOE, USDA-ARS, Land-Grant • Cost share: $287,659 Universities, National Labs • Funding for FY12: $0 • Project management: • Funding for FY13: $0 Herbaceous lead, species leads, • Years the project has been field trial PIs funded/average annual funding • 6 years @ $755,512/yr 20 May 2013 2013 Feedstock Platform Review 3 Project Overview . Field trials initiated in 2008, or added later as needed, on multiple selected species . Development of regional and national yield estimates for sustainable biomass supply systems 20 May 2013 2013 Feedstock Platform Review 4 Presentation Outline . General Approach . Overall Technical Progress and Accomplishments . Species discussion . Energycane . CRP . Miscanthus . Switchgrass .
    [Show full text]
  • Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Plants at Various Growth Stages
    antioxidants Article Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plants at Various Growth Stages Subjected to Extraction—Comparison of the Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Profile Francesco Gai 1 , Magdalena Karama´c 2,* , Michał A. Janiak 2 , Ryszard Amarowicz 2 and Pier Giorgio Peiretti 1 1 Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; [email protected] (F.G.); [email protected] (P.G.P.) 2 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; [email protected] (M.A.J.); [email protected] (R.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-895-234-622 Received: 21 May 2020; Accepted: 17 June 2020; Published: 19 June 2020 Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in the antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) extracts obtained from the aerial parts of plants harvested at five growth stages. In vitro assays were used to determine the antioxidant + activity, i.e., ABTS• and DPPH• scavenging activity, the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the ability to inhibit β-carotene–linoleic acid emulsion oxidation. Phenolic compounds, such as mono- and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers and caffeic acid hexose, were identified using the LC–TOF–MS/MS technique. The predominant compound during the growth cycle of the plant was 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, whose content was the highest at the mid-flowering stage. The total phenolic content was also the highest in sunflowers at the mid-flowering stage. The main phenolic + compound contents were closely correlated with ABTS• and DPPH• scavenging activity and FRAP.
    [Show full text]
  • Camelina Sativa Biodiesel Cope the Burning Issue of Global Worming; Current Status and Future Predictions
    Modern Concepts & Developments CRIMSON PUBLISHERS C Wings to the Research in Agronomy ISSN 2637-7659 Mini Review Camelina sativa Biodiesel Cope the Burning Issue of Global Worming; Current Status and Future Predictions Aslam MM1,2*, Usama M3, Nabi HG3, Ahmad N4, Parveen B4, Bilawal Akram HM5 and Zafar UB6 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Canada 2Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, China 3Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pakistan 4Department of Agronomy, Pakistan 5Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Pakistan 6Department of Biotechnology, Pakistan *Corresponding author: Aslam MM, Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, China Submission: : January 06, 2019; Published: February 26, 2019 Abstract Camelina sativa possesses high potential for biodiesel and ethanol production. It has more biodiesel potential per unit area of land than many other crops with minimum usage of inputs. This is very useful for effective spring moisture utilization. Biofuels appear to be a potential alternative “greener” energy substitute for fossil fuels. About 84% savings in GHG emissions were obtained with camelina jet fuel, compared with petroleum jet fuel. This shift from fossil fuels to biofuels has the potential to reduce global warming emissions, lessen the country’s dependence on petroleum import and create new jobsKeywords: for rural and urban communities. 2 emission Camelina; Biodiesel; Energy; Global warming; CO Introduction Camelina sativa to Brassicaceae family [1]. Camelina plants germinate in early spring on petroleum import and create new jobs for rural and urban L. Crantz is a broad leaf flowering plant, belongs before other cereal grains. This is very useful for effective spring communities [4]. Biodiesel is the renewable energy resource which has opened up a new horizon for using a wide range of feed stock as engine [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Growing Risk: Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks 1 Growing Risk Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks
    Growing Risk Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks Aviva Glaser and Patty Glick 2012 Growing Risk: Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks 1 Growing Risk Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks Prepared by Aviva Glaser, Legislative Representative, Agriculture Policy Patty Glick, Senior Climate Change Specialist Acknowledgements This report was made possible due to the generous support of the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. The authors wish to thank many people for their time and contributions to this report. We would like to thank the following National Wildlife Federation staff for providing valuable edits and feedback: Julie Sibbing, Bruce Stein, Doug Inkley, and Lara Bryant. Additionally, we would like to thank several experts for their time, input, and helpful review comments: Dr. Joseph DiTomaso, University of California, Davis; Dr. Doria Gordon, The Nature Conservancy; Bryan Endres, J.D., University of Illinois; Dr. Lauren Quinn, University of Illinois; Doug Johnson, California Invasive Plant Council; and Read Porter, J.D., Environmental Law Institute. Designed by Maja Smith, MajaDesign, Inc. © 2012 National Wildlife Federation Cover image: The highly-invasive giant reed (Arundo donax), a candidate species for bioenergy production, has taken over vast areas along the Rio Grande, as seen in this aerial view near Eagle Pass, Texas. Credit: John Goolsby, USDA. Suggested citation: Glaser, A. and P. Glick. 2012. Growing Risk: Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks. Washington, DC: National Wildlife Federation. i Growing Risk: Addressing the Invasive Potential of Bioenergy Feedstocks Table of Contents Little bluestem, a native grass. Credit: NRCS. 1. Executive Summary 1 2. Overview 3 The Promise of Bioenergy 3 Risks from Bioenergy 4 A Focus on Invasiveness 4 3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalogue of the Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants Native to Europe
    Flora Mediterranea 5 - 1995 375 A Catalogue of the Wild Relatives of Cultivated Plants Native to Europe An enumeration of the wild genetic resources of native European plants that are grown in Europe for food, forage, ornament, timber and other purposes Prepared by Vemon H. Heywood & Daniel Zohary Introduction Europe has a long history of plant domestication and a rich heritage of crops cultivated for a diversity of purposes. The number of plants involved is remarkably high yet much of this heritage has been surprisingly neglected. No systematic account of the crop plants developed in Europe and the genetic resources present in their wild relatives has been produced up to the present. This Catalogue aims to fili that gap. Approximately 10% of the species of the European flora are regarded as being threatened to some degree. Amongst these are wild relatives of numerous cultivated plants, some of which are already facing serious genetic erosion, and in a few cases, a risk of their extinction. The development of new priorities for the conservation of threatened plants is urgently needed in Europe. In these priorities, some of the plants Iisted here should figure prominently if the continent is not to lose much of the wild genetic basis of economie plants which have had their origins here. This Catalogue provides a survey of the wild genetic resources of cultivated plants in Europe as circumscribed by Flora Europaea (Tutin, Heywood et al. 1964-1980, Tutin et al. 1993). (See also Fig. I). In addition, Cyprus and the Canary Islands are also included because they are member states (or part of a member state) of the Council of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Camelina Sativa L Crantz): Production Systems, Prospects and Challenges in the USA Great Plains
    Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research Review Article Open Access Oilseed camelina (Camelina sativa L Crantz): production systems, prospects and challenges in the USA great plains Abstract Volume 2 Issue 2 - 2015 Identifying crops that are adapted to semi-arid environments of the central and northern Great Plains (GP) has been a major challenge. An alternative crop with Augustine K Obour,1 Henry Y Sintim,2 Eric potential for semi-arid crop production in the GP is camelina (Camelina sativa L. Obeng,1 Valtcho D Jeliazkov (Zheljazkov)3 Crantz). Compared to other oilseed crops, research has shown spring camelina to be 1Agricultural Research Center- Hays, Kansas State University, cold and drought tolerant requires relatively low agricultural inputs and well adapted USA to semi-arid regions. Because of these agronomic attributes, camelina has been 2Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, USA promoted as a low-input biofuel crop for the drier regions of the GP. Camelina seed 3Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State has higher oil content (>35%) with unique properties for industrial and nutritional University, USA applications. For example, a blend of camelina-based jet fuel tested in commercial and military flights in the US met all aviation fuel specifications and performance. The oil Correspondence: Augustine Obour K, Agricultural Research contains 40% α-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) an omega-3 fatty acid which has important Center-Hays, Kansas State University, Agricultural Research implication in human and animal diets. Thus camelina has potential for commercial Center- Hays, 1232 240th Avenue, Hays, KS Kansas 67601, USA, biofuel production and other industrial uses.
    [Show full text]
  • Camelina Production
    ExEx8167 May 2010 Plant Science 3 pages South Dakota State University / College of Agriculture & Biological Sciences / USDA Camelina Production Kathleen Grady, Extension oilseeds specialist Thandiwe Nleya, Extension agronomist, WRAC I. HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION acid, compared to 50–60% for flaxseed oil. It may be used Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an oilseed as cooking oil or as an additive to increase the nutritional plant currently being researched as a potential new crop value of bakery products or other foods. for South Dakota. It is a member of the Brassicaceae (or Camelina meal, the product remaining after the oil has mustard) family, which includes mustard, canola, rapeseed, been extracted from the seed, typically contains 10–12% Crambe, broccoli, and several other vegetable crops. Cam- oil and 40% protein. It may be used to enhance the food elina is commonly known as gold-of-pleasure or false flax. quality of fish, meat, poultry, and dairy products. Omega-3- It originated in Northern Europe and Central Asia, where it enriched meat, milk, and eggs have added value. The FDA has been grown for at least 3,000 years. It was grown as an allows the use of camelina meal for up to 10% of the total agricultural crop in Europe and the Soviet Union through ration, by weight, of diets fed to poultry broilers and has World War II. European production dwindled after the limited approval in Montana for up to 2% of the weight of 1950s, as rapeseed/canola production increased. Camelina the total ration fed to feedlot beef cattle and growing swine.
    [Show full text]