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034 Genus Celaenorrhinus Huebner AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES 17th edition (2018). MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Genus Celaenorrhinus Hübner, [1819] In Hübner, [1816-[1826]. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge: 106 (432 + 72 pp.) Augsburg. Type-species: Papilio eligius Stoll, by subsequent designation (Scudder, 1875. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 10: 137 (91-293).) [extralimital - Neotropical]. Synonyms based on extralimital type-species: Ancistrocampta Felder & Felder, 1862; Gehlota Doherty, 1889; Hantana Moore, [1881]; Narga Mabille, 1891 (Ackery, et al., 1995: 61). The genus Celaenorrhinus belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878; Tribe Celaenorrhinini Swinhoe, 1912. Other genera of the Tribe Celaenorrhini in the Afrotropical Region are Ortholexis, Katreus, Scopulifera, Bettonula, Apallaga, Eretis, Sarangesa, Alenia and Triskelionia. Celaenorrhinus (Black Sprites) is a large genus occurring in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Neotropical Regions. There are currently 20 recognized Afrotropical species (Libert, 2014a). Aspects of the genus were dealt with by de Jong (1982). The Afrotropical component of the genus was radically revised by Libert in 2014a. In this revision Libert revived one genus (Apallaga Strand, 1911) and erected two new genera (Scopulifera Libert, 2014 and Bettonula Libert & Larsen, 2014). Libert (2014a) arranged the Afrotropical species of Celaenorrhinus into three clades, as follows: Clade proxima C. proxima proxima (Mabille, 1877); C. proxima lata Libert, 2014; C. dorsalis Libert, 2014; C. perimitans Libert, 2014; C. toro Evans, 1937; C. oubanguiensis Libert, 2014; C. maesseni Berger, 1976; C. larseni Libert, 2014; C. lulua Libert, 2014; C. zanqua zanqua Evans, 1937; C. zanqua uzungwae Libert, 2014; C. zanqua malawensis Libert, 2014; C. imitans Libert, 2014; C. plagiatus Berger, 1976; C. elmina (Plötz, 1879); C. collinsi Libert, 2014; C. mutavalii mutavalii Libert, 2014; C. mutavalii lathyi Libert, 2014; C. mutavalii dallastai Libert, 2014. Clade macrostictus C. macrostictus Holland, 1893; C. mediostictus mediostictus Libert, 2014; C. mediostictus kenya Libert, 2014; C. dargei dargei Berger, 1976; C. dargei peteri Libert, 2014. Clade humbloti C. humbloti (Mabille, 1877); C. ambra Evans, 1937; C. landryi Libert, 2014. 1 *Celaenorrhinus proxima (Mabille, 1877) Common Black Sprite Left: Male Common Black Sprite (Celaenorrhinus proxima). Kibale Forest, Uganda. October 2014. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte. Right: Mating pair of Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima, Mpanga Forest, Uganda, 9 June 2017. Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson. Plesioneura proxima Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2: 231 (214-240). Celaenorrhinus proximus (Mabille, 1877). Gardiner, 2010b: 146. Celaenorrhinus proxima (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014a. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 44 (272 pp.). Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima. Male (Wingspan 34 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 Jun 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 16 June 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “Congo”. Holotype in the N.H.M., London. 2 Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya [ssp. proxima – red dots] Rwanda, Burundi [intermediate populations – blue dots] Tanzania, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia [ssp. lata – green dots] Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia (Gardiner, 2010b). Diagnosis: Black with white markings; two small white spots in space 1b on the forewing upperside; inner margin of forewing discal band irregular. Female similar but duller (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: Forest and heavy woodland. At altitudes from 800 to 1 700 m in Tanzania (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: An uncommon species, despite its colloquial name, that may be seen feeding from flowers, particularly those of the family Acanthaceae (Larsen, 2005a). Found mainly along forest paths and in forest clearings, where males perch on the upperside of leaves with the wings held flat (Larsen, 1991c). The flight is fast and males often engage in territorial disputes (Larsen, 1991c). They are active mainly between 09:30 and 11:00, at other times resting beneath broad leaves in denser parts of the forest understorey (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Cock & Congdon, 2011b: 11 [ovum, larva, pupa] Larval food: ?Acanthopale sp. (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Douala, Cameroon]. Mimulopsis sp. (Acanthaceae) [M.J.W. Cock, vide Larsen, 1991c; Kakamega Forest, Kenya]. Mimulopsis alpina Chiov. (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kakamega, Kenya]. Mimulopsis solmsii Schweinf. (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kakamega, Kenya]. Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet (Acanthaceae) [Cock & Congdon, 2011b; Kakamega, Kenya]. Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima (Mabille, 1877) Plesioneura proxima Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 2: 231 (214-240). Celaenorrhinus proximus (Mabille, 1877). Gardiner, 2010b: 146. Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima (Mabille, 1877). Libert, 2014a. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 45 (272 pp.). 3 Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima. Male (Wingspan 34 mm). Left: upperside; right: underside. Mabira Forest, Uganda. 14 Jun 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection. Celaenorrhinus proxima proxima. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Kakamega Forest, Kenya. 16 June 1996. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: “Congo”. Holotype in the N.H.M., London. Distribution: Cameroon (except west), Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic, Sudan, Uganda, Kenya (west). Specific localities: Cameroon – Garoua Boulai (Libert, 2014a); Bidjouka near Lolodorf (Libert, 2014a); Belabo, north of Bertoua (Libert, 2014a); Ebomzoud, north of Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Ebogo, south of Yaounde (Libert, 2014a); Koutaba (Libert, 2014a); near Foumban (Libert, 2014a); Babadjou (Libert, 2014a); Mt Bamboutos (Libert, 2014a); Barombi (Libert, 2014a); Douala (Libert, 2014a). Gabon – Waka National Park (Vande weghe, 2010); Ogowe (Libert, 2014a); Tchibanga (Libert, 2014a); Nouna (Libert, 2014a). Angola – Kwanza Norte Province (Mendes et al., 2013); Mbata Siala (Libert, 2014a). Democratic Republic of Congo – Budjala (Libert, 2014a); Kuma (Libert, 2014a); Lukolela (Libert, 2014a). Central African Republic – Boukoko (Libert, 2014a); Ndolobo (Libert, 2014a); Yombo (Libert, 2014a); Yakoli (Libert, 2014a); Bangui (Libert, 2014a); Bambesa (Libert, 2014a); Paulis (Libert, 2014a); Kasugo (Libert, 2014a) Teturi (Libert, 2014a); Kabunga (Libert, 2014a); Katako- Kombe (Libert, 2014a). Sudan – Imatong mountains (Libert, 2014a). Uganda – Kibale Forest (R. Schutte, unpublished); Mabira (J. Dobson, unpublished); Budongo (Libert, 2014a); Bwanba (Libert, 2014a). Kenya – Mount Elgon (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c); Nandi (Larsen, 1991c); Kaimosi (Libert, 2014a); Migori (Libert, 2014a); Mau (Libert, 2014a); Chepalunga (Libert, 2014a). Celaenorrhinus proxima lata Libert, 2014 Celaenorrhinus proxima lata Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 48 (272 pp.). 4 Celaenorrhinus proxima lata. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ikelenge, Zambia. 23 March 2007. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Celaenorrhinus proxima lata. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Ikelenge, Zambia. 31 March 2007. Images M.C. Williams ex Gardiner Collection. Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: Holotype male: “Tshala (Lulua), V 1931 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Libert 112-405”. Allotype female: “Kapanga (Lulua), II 1934 (F.G. Overlaet); genitalia Libert 114-103”. Types are in the M.R.A.C., Tervuren, Belgium. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (west), Zambia (north- west). Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Kapanga (Libert, 2014a); Kafakumba (Libert, 2014a); Sandoa (Libert, 2014a); Lupweshi (Libert, 2014a); Tshala (Libert, 2014a). Rwanda – Cyamudongo (Libert, 2014a); Nyungwe (Libert, 2014a). Burundi – Kigwena (Libert, 2014a). Tanzania – Mpanda (Kielland, 1990d); Kigoma (Kielland, 1990d); Minziro (Libert, 2014a). Zambia – Hillwood, Ikelenge district (Gardiner, 2010b). *Celaenorrhinus dorsalis Libert, 2014 Celaenorrhinus dorsalis Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre Celaenorrhinus Hübner en Afrique (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae): 49 (272 pp.). Type locality: Nigeria: Holotype male: “Kagoro, N Nigeria, VI 1983 (S. Collins); genitalia Libert 110- 260; [BOLD: MLIB-0521”. Allotype female: “Nyasoso (900-1000 m), Cameroun, 7 III 1995 (M. Libert); genitalia Libert 109-118; [BOOLD: MLIB-0091].” Holotype (male) in A.B.R.I., Nairobi. Allotype (female) in the M.N.H.N., Paris. 5 Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon. Distribution: Nigeria (north), Cameroon. Specific localities: Nigeria – Kagoro (TL). Cameroon – Nyasoso (Allotype female), Mt Kupe (Libert, 2014a); Mt Bana (Libert, 2014a). Habitat: Nothing published. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. *Celaenorrhinus perimitans Libert, 2014 Celaenorrhinus perimitans Libert, 2014. Sur la taxonomie du genre
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