INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 25
Hesperiidae ofcentral Rondonia, Brazil: Celaenorrhinus Hubner (Lepidoptera: Pyrginae), with descriptions ofthree new species and taxonomic comments
Genr'ge T. Austin Nevada State Museum and Historical Society 700 Twin Lakes Drive, Las Vegas, Nevada 89107
and
Stephen R. Steinhauser Allyn Museum of Entomology 3621 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, Florida 34234
Abstract: Ellilit speCIes of Celaenorrhmus (Hesperlldae: Pyrltinae) occur near Cacaul4D.d1a m centralRontMma. BraZil. Three of these represent unnamed species and are described as new: Celaenorrhinus orneates Austin, Celaenorrhinus par SteinhauSeI' &Austin, and CelaeRorrhiRl/s aI/WeldOR SteinhauseI' &l·ustin. Themaleole salliais describedfOl'thefirsttime. Bothsexes ofall 8 speCIes (except female C. orneates) andtheir gemtaIiaare illustrated. Males of C. sauJa and C. orneates are similar to C. iao in lacking tibial tufts, modified thoracic scales, and abdominal pouches; C. autockton lacks tibial tufts and modified thoracic scales. This adds to the diversity ofsecondary sexual characters among New World Celaenorrhinus. The foUowingtax9.,treatedbyEvans(1952) assllbspecies, areraised tospecificrank C shemadi.jllnct'lsBe1J, 1940; C similisstola Evans, 1952; C. s£mllJ.8 appronmatus Williams & BeD, 1940; and C. similis biturcus Bell, 1934.
Introduction Eight species of Celaenorrhinus were encoun tered during studies of butterfly diversity near Celaenorrhinus Hiibner, [1819] (Hesperiidae: Cacaulandia in central Rondonia, Brazil (for de- Pyrginae) is a diverse genus WIth a rarely encoun- scriptiOn Of thiS area see Emmel and Austin, 1990; teredpantropical distribution. Evans (1952) listed Austin et al., 1993). Three ofthese are new and are 14 Neotropieal species with an additional 12 sub named and described belm.v; the genitalia of all, species within the genus. Its limits were redefmed plus some allied species, are illustrated. Forewing by de Jong (1982), who synonymized the genera length is measUled from wing base to apex of Orneates Godman & Salvin, 1894 (which he mis- specimensfrom the Rondonia locality unless notE.!d spelled Orneatus) of the American Tropics and Structures of the genitalia are generally as out Charmion de NiCeville, 1894 Of Asia with C€laellOT lined by Steinhauser (1981), modified and correct rhinus, thus adding 2 additional Neotropical spe- ed (Steinhauser 1986), and with some additional eies. lIe also correctly placed a third Neotropical usages incorporated and discussed in the text be species, Plesioneura jao Mabille. 1889. in Celaenor- low. rhinus instead of in Autochton Hiibner, [1823], Where it had been placed by EVans (1952) Mielke Celaenorrhinus aegiochus (Hewitson) (1991) proposed a new name, Celaenorrhinus she (Figs. 41, 51) ma mercedensis, to replace Gelaenorrhinus shema son oensis Evans 1952 nee Draudt, 1922), a mis· Eudamus aegioehus Hewitson, 1876 . . rnea es ae ioe us ewi son 0 man an , Salvin, 1894; Evans, 1952 saroma timor Evans, 1952 with Celaenorrhinus Celaenollhinu8 aegiochu8 (Hewitsoll, 1816). de Jong, songoensis Draudt, 1922. At this point, the genus 1982 contained 17 Neotropicalspecies with anadditIOnal 12 subspecies. We will add3new species, described C. aegiochus is not known from the Cacaulan- below, andraise four subspecies tofull speciesrank dia area; because ofits striking blue coloration, it resultingin a totalof24 species and 8 subspecies of needs no further description here We illustrate Neotropical Celaenorrhinus. the male gemtalia to show some detaIls lackmg m the Godman andSalvin (1879 1901) figure and the 26 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI
female genitalia fO! comparison with other Celaen- tibiae with 2 pans, no tibial tuft 01 modified thorac- orrhinus taxa. ic scales; abdomen dark brown above, pale yellow with narrow central brown line beneath, no scent Celaenorrhinus savia (Evans) pouches (Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 89, 50) Genitalia: tegumen relatively long wIth small lateralventro caudallebes; uncus armsshort, widely Orneates savia Evans, 1952 spaced, and sli htl diver ent; nathos arms spic- e aenorr inus savia vans e on ,, = in ventr Iview' vinculum n Ie d with mm (21.3-23.9, N =3); forewing apex notproduced, termen nearIY straight, slightly convex towards costa, no costal fold; hindwing very slightly angu- late atvein OuAl, to!nus slightly pIOduced, dorsum dark: bIOwn, dull blue-gleen at extreme base of forewing, more extensive into discal cell on hind- wiilg; forewiilg with White hyaliiie macules as £01- lows: center ofdiscal cell, nearly square, excavate A distad, nearly straightproximad; CU1\ Cu... -'2' larg cesses; pems tu u ar, s g tty expande cau a , est (about 1.5xwidthofdiscalcellmacule), parallel- terminally bifurcate, phallobase sftOl't, slightly ofCu~-2A, ogram; upperportion elongate, more or curved dorsad' no cornutus. less tIimlgulro. distal edge in line with distal edge Female. i~ewil1glength 24.2, 24.8 lInll, veIy ofmacule in CuAl-CU~,these and short dashes in 5c-Rr and costal cell fOrm continuous (diVided by dark veins) but irregular centralband; base ofMa- extensive overscaling on hindwing; antenna! nu Cu~\, triangular, contiguous with distal edge of dum red-brown, 21 (N - I) or 22 (N - I) segments. discalcellmacule; alignedsubapicalin R -R , R -R , s 4 4 5 Genitalia:lamellapostvaginalisquadrate, cau- and RS-Ml' first smallest, last 2 slightly larger; mar~in sli~ht~ fringe brown Hindwing with costa gray-brown dal concave, ostium bursae well basad; very faint blackpostmedian andsubmedian bands; fringe White anteriOrlY, brown posteriOrly ra 0 e covermg muc of os mm ursae, ater Venter dark brown, blue-green on forewing at lebes membraneous, with lateral striations; an base ofeosta; forewing maeules repeatedfrom dol' trum poorly defmed; ductus bursae with caudal sum; wing base pale tan, anal margin narIOwly pOltion shOlt, stout, cephalad legion expanded gray-brown; pale tan distad to macule in Cu~-2A; leading to large, broadly oval corpus bursae, no hindwing with base lightly overscaled with pale tan, this with slightblue-greentinge as on dorsum; anal margin moderately overscaled with pale tan; discal cell with pale tanline at distal end; submar- gin withseriesofnarIOw paletanchC\'rons, distinct caudad, nearly obsolete cephalad. Head intense blue-green; palpi pale yellow be- neath and on outer surface, dorsal and inner snr- faces black withpale yellow behind 3rdsegment at , , row white at segments on interior surface, club with white on lower surface proximad, apiculus pale tan beneath, nudum gray, 19 (N 1) or 20 (N =2) segments; dorsal thorax blue-green cephalad becoming grayer caudad and laterad, sides gray- green, pectus pale yellow, legs brown to yellow- brown with many paler brown and yellowish hair likescales, midtibiae withsinglepairofspurs,hind INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 27
Evans (1952) described C. savia based upon a series of pale tan macules, these largest and most single female from Peru (Rio Cachiyaca, Iquitos). distinct posteriad. Males of this species lack tibial tufts, enlarged Headblue-greenwithpale graybetweenanten thoracic scales, and abdominalpouches, characters nae; pa1pi pa1eyellowbeneath andonoutersurface, whIch are nearly unIversal m the genus (de Jong, dorsal and mner surfaces dark gray; pale yellow 1982). Otherwise, however, C. savia resembles beneath and behind eyes; antennae black, indis severalNew Worldtaxaofthe genusinwingshape, tinct narrow white lines at segments on interior pattem, andgenitalia. Although deJong (1982) did surface, club with white onlower sUlfaceproximad, not specifically include C. savia when synonymiz- nudum gray, 20 segments (N = 1); dorsal thorax mg Orneates with Celaenorrhinus, it clearly does gray-green anteriad becoming grayer posteriad, belong in Celaenorrhinus ventralthoraxpaleyellow, sidesgrayish,legsbrown WIth many paler brown and yellOWIsh harr-like Celaenorrhinus orneates Austin. new seales, no tibial tuft or modified thOl'aeie seales; species (F'igs. 3, 8, 40) Genitalia:tegumenrelativelylongwith broad, Description. Male: fOl'ewing length 22.6 long, and caudally pointed ventro-caudal lobes; mm (holotype); forewing apex not produced, ter- uncus stout, arms short, not widely spaced; gna- men nearly straight, slightly Cffilvex towards costa, thos spIculose caudad, arms parallel, outer mar no costal fold; hindwing slightly angulate at vein gins expanded eephalad in ventralview; vineulum CuA}, tornus producedinto shortlobe; dorsum dark relativel~ strai~ht; saccus Ion:, strai~ht, and thin' brown; forewing with white hyaline macules as costaslig ltly cu,.vex, ampullaithpw nil1enthunl~ follows: center of discal cell, nearly square, con- before caudal process which is curved mesad at stIieted in middle distad and slightly so proximad; caudal end; harpe thm, pomted, slIghtlyexceedmg CuA}-Cu~, largest Dish ibation and phenology. This species is Ms' IIindwing with small, rathel indistinct, yellow- known only from the single type taken in mid ish white, opaque macules. most prominent at November. distal end of discal cell and submarginally in cells Cu~-2A; Diagnosis and discussion Celaenorrhinus Rs-M1 to fringes of both wings slightly orneates 18 snmlar to the sympatrlC C. sama. That paler than ground color. specieshas a narrowermacule in Cu~\ Cuf"'2 (about Ventral surface nearly identical to dorsum; the same width as the discal cell macule), the hindwing paler brown posteriorly; forewing with macule in Ms-CuAI is close! to the discal cell mac submmginal yellowish white macules, most plUm ule, the macule in Cu~-2Ais more elongate distad inent in Cu~-2A; hindwing discal macules more towards the outer margin, the anterior subapical prominent than on dorsum. macule is the smallest and is followed by 2 larger Head black above, whitish around eyes, palpi macules, there are no submargmal macules m M I mostly dark brown, pale yellow on SIdes proximad, M2 and M2 Ms' the fringe of the hindwing is white antennae blaek, whitish at base of elub and on only anteriorly, the anal margin of the ventral apiculus beneath, nudum red·brown, 14 (N = 1) or fmewing is less prominently pale and the pale 15 (N 1) segments, thOlax dalk gray above, on scaling distad ofthe macule in CuAt -2A is narrower sides beneath wings, and pectus, legs brown with and less obVIOUS, the ventral hmdwmg has no ochreous and gray harr-like scales, tIbIae smooth, apicaltanscaling andthe submarginalmacules are midtibiawith singlepairandhindtibia with 2pairs famt. of spurs, hind tIbia WIth long tan hair tUft held by The male genitalia of these 2 speeies are basi modlfiedthoraeieseales;abdomendarkbrownabove, cally similar but exhibit distinct differences. The mixed whitish and gray-brown with narrow whit- tegumen and uncus ofe. savia me slightly lungel, ish bands at segments beneath, scent pouches the uncus arms are farther apart, the caudal lobes present ofthe tegumen are much smaller and rounded, the GenItalia: tegumen WIth long and narrow (ill saccus is broader, the ampulla is not humped, the ventralvie'N) caudallobes, theseparallelto slightly caudal process of the ampulla is angled upward divergent uncus arms; dorso-caudal extension of diverging from the harpe and its ineurved eaudal the vineulum flared laterad, appearing as a seeond endis thin and short (see dorsalview), the harpe is pair of lobes in ventral view; valva with long and muchlongeI thanon e. omeates as isthejuxta, and thin caudal process of ampulla, this in the same the aedeagus is terminally bifurcat.e plane as harpe in dorsal view, caudal end slightly bentmesad; harpe longer thatthe ampullaprocess, Celaenorrhinus astrigera (Butler) terminating assharp point and with dorsalflap not (Figs. 27, 28, 35, 36, 42, 52) extendingto tip; juxtarelatively welldeveloped but lacking pointed caudal plOjections, penis tubulm, Tagiades astrigera Butler, 1877 shorter than valva hall ba hr' n rnu u ema e: orewing eng . mm virtu~dQIlticalt~male; Description. Male: forewing length 21.2, N- i); ante;alnudum red- rown, 1 - 1) or 1 segments - 1). 21.4 mm; forewing with no costal fold, apex not Genitalia: lamella postvaginalis broad, very produeed, termen ~enly eomex, hindwing termen short with narrow central lobe ~roduced caudad evenly convex; dOISUIIl very dark brown, nearly small central caudal notch, andhin lateral arms; black;forewing withnumeroussmallwhitehyaline macules as foHows' discal cell, anterior and poste- ranous, an !rna e la er obes; anrum sor, rior of equal size; costal cell, slightly proximad of well sclerotized; ductus bursae long, 'Nithout well discal cell maeule; CUL\ Cu~\, far distad of diseal defmedcentralconstriction, slightlyexpandednear cell macules; Ms·CuA , in a line parallel to termen 1 eer vocal area to form what Stitz (1901) probably macul~ C~Al·CUi\; anter~or with in macule in meant b "cervix bursae" clearl se arate from u u· u u ,u e a on c uc- similarmacule posteriorin same cell, slightlyprox ~us ~n\rum; imad Of anteriOr macule; another macule subbasal· bursae;light1y cephalad of corpus ursae OVOl WIt very narrow, SpiCU ose, longItu ly in anterior portion of same cell; 3 subapical dinal band like signum. maeules, third offset eonsiderably distadfrom line Distribution and phenology. Evans (1952) of first 2; submarginal macules in M -M and M - 1 2 2 saw mateIial fWIIl Guyana and the Amazon basin. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 29 ; This is a Iare forest species in central RondOnia of same cell and Rs-MI wing mostly unifOIm yel with records in February to April. August. and low-orange posteriorly, narrow brown line along November. termen, occasionally vague brown marginal mac- Discussion Celaenorrhinus astrigera is a JIles verydark brown, nearlyblack, speCIeS WIth numer Head brown above wIth slight greenISh tmge, ous small ...lllite hyaline macules on the forewing pale yellow around eyes, palpi brown above with and yellowish white non-hyaline macules on the scattered pale yellow scales, pale yellow beneath, hindwillg. The gellitaliaofC. astrigera, althoughof antennae black, nanowly white at segments medi the general overallform for Celaenorrhinus. exhib- ally, broadly whitish at base of club beneath and it some unique characters. These include the long under apiculus, nudum gray to red-brown, 15 (N andthinlobeso£the tegJlmen and theflared portion 6) or 16 (N - 5) segments; thorax gray-brown with of the vmculum on males (thIs also seen on C. slight greemsh tmge above, grayIsh on SIdes be aegiochus, Fig. 41) and the very thin lamellae on neath wings, pectus pale ochreous, legs ochreous, females. tibiae smooth, mid tibia with single pair and hind tibia with 2 pans ofspUIS, hind tibia with lung pale Celaenorrhinus shema ochra Evans tan hair tuft held by modified thoracic scales; (Figs. 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 43, 53) abdomenbrown above, pale ochreous andoccaSIOn- ally with vague, narrow central line cephalad be- Celaenoll hinus shema ochl a Evans, 1952 neath, scent pouches present. Genitalia: tegumen short with broad lateral Description. Male: forewing length = 19.7 lobes caudad, lobes overlap~in~ ce~halad end of rnrn(181-211,N lO);forewingwithnocostalfold, lung, widely spaced, and sli ht y di elgent uncus apex not produced, termen evenly convex; hind arms; gnathos arm~n~ow,p~allel,clo~elyspaced, wing quadrate, termen angh'ld at vein CuAl' more and spiculose cau a~incuum angu ar; saccus or less straight to either side; dorsum dark brown; long andthin; valva noticably constrictedat caudal forewing with numerous white hyaline macules as end of sacculus; costa straIght; ampulla with a follows: discalcell, posterior portion usuallybroad- relatively short, narrow, and pointed dorso-caudal erthan anteriorportion, distaledge excavate, prox- imal edge straight to concave; costal cell, variable ndoflrarpe ndpI;;e softh ampulla li~edand shape and size, over proximal edge or proximad of discal cell macule; CU1\ Cu~\, broad, posterior edge longer than anterior edge, distal edge irregu- than the valva, tubular, andtapered caudad, phal lar, pIoximal edge slightly concave to comex, well Iobase short; no cornutus. sepalateddistad[10m discal cell macule. Me-euAl' small, irregular, often triangular-shaped, distal uA edge aligned with distal edge or macule in e ( base d most of hind . g, hindwing pale yellow Cu ; smallt?minute ante~ior~aculein Cu~-2A, orewmg tornus an on m wmg were vague y ule in CuA1-CuJ\; larger macule posterior in same checkered; antenna! nudum red brown, 15 (N 2) cell, proximadofanteIiOI macule, 3 smallsubapical or 16 (N =I) se~ments. rnacules, usually first 2 smaller than last which is Genitalia: ~amella postvaginalis blOad, cau- - offset distad; 2 smallersubmarginalmacules in MI M2 and M2 Ms. Hindwing with smaIl, rather indis- ~:e~:~;~~sv~~ ~l~:~; ~~~~,n~~~h~r~~;]): tinct, paleyellow, opaque macules; mostprominent narrowrhomboidalplatefusedlaterallywithlamella at distal endofdiscalcellandin submargin; fringes postvagmaIis; antrum scIerotlzatlOn gradually di of both wings gray-brown. minished cephalad rather than being sharply de Ventral forewing paler brown than dorsum; fined but ductus bursae continues somewhat swol macules repeated, additional double yellow macule len <; memblanous pmtion ofthe antI um?) cephal- in submargin of Cu~-2A, often traces of submar- ginaJ macules anteriorIY; hindwing brown anteriOi ofdiscalcell andRs where basevariablyoverscaled tus bursae; ductus bursae long andnarrow, clearly withyeIluwish,plmninentyelluw-01angemacule at separate from subspherical corpus bursae which base ofSc+R1-Rs, variable yellow macules in center 30 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI beals a long, naIrow, spiculose, longitudinal ven slightly largeI (male forewing 19.5, 19.7 mOl, tral signum. female forewing - 19.2 mm) than C. s. ochra and Distribution and phenology. This taxon is considerably larger than C. s. shema, but in wing known from the Amazon Basin (Evans 1952) It. is shapes and dorsal maculation are much like hoth not uncommon near Cacaulandla,flies m the forest The maJor superfiCIal differences between the 3 interior, andhas been recordedinMarch and June taxa are on the ventral hindwing: solid yellow through November. Itis associatedwith army ants orangeon C. s. ochra, brownwith ochreous macules and is attlacted to white papel hues. on C. s. shemu, and heavily ~ elscaled pale OebI e Discussion. This is a brown taxon with hya- ous on C. s. vox. We have determined these 3 line whitemacules on theforewing andopaquepale AMNH specimens to be C. s. vox. One male from yellow macules on the hindwing The forewing our Rondonia study area has the ventral hindwing macules m the discal cell and m CuA1-Cu1\ are mtermediate between thatof tYPIcal C. s. ochraand considerably larger than the others. Theposterior C. s. vex (Fig. 15). 3/4 ofthe ventral hindwin; is~ale ;ellow-oran~e. \Ve could detect no sign:i:fic ntenit lie cliffel en es Celaenorrhinus disjunctus Bell, revised between C. s. ochra and specimens in the Allyn status Museum of Celaenorrhinus shema shema Hewit (Figs. 16, 22, 45) son, 1877 from French Guiana in either sex, and therefore leave C. s. ochra as a subspeCIes of C. CelaenoJ1 hinU8 disjunctu8 Dell, 1940 shema. C. s. ochra is considerablylarger than C. s. Celaenorrhinus shema disjunctus Bell, 1940: Evans, 1952 shema whose male forewing length is 17.3 mm (16.5-18.0, N 3), female fmewing length 17.0 Evans (1952) considered C. disjunctus as a mm 1 -1 N = n cimen from Gu ana an renc Ulana. even ra in wing 0 • s. taxon housed at the American Museum ofNatural oc~ra ~e yenm;-~rang~rathe~tha~the is broadlY History (labeled as£rom PERU- Huan , 'I'ingo Mar- a ia, 2200', V-23-1947). It is larger (forewing =21.6 mm) than either C. s. shema, C. s. ochra, or C. s. vox, s~erficial Differences in genitalia as well as the forewing is broadeI, and the hindwing is more quadrate. The maculation is as described by Bell (194m except the forewing disca! cell macule is narrow and divided and there is no minute macule in cen eu A -2Abelow the origin orvem Cu A The GelaenorrhinllS shewa vox Evans (Figs. 13, 14, 19, 20, 44, 54) for the taxon by both Bell (1940) andEvans (1952). These differ from those of C. s. shema, C. s. ochra, Celaenorrhinus shema vox Evans, 1952 and C. s. vox by the narrower and more sharply pOinted harpe, longer caudal process mille ampul- Three s~ecimens at the American Museum of la, shorter andmore curvedpenis, longer andmore NatuIalHis OIy, labeledas Celaenoll hinusshema, curved arms Of the uncus, narrow and less promi were examined Twomales (BOLIVIA- Santa Cruz; nent processes of the tegumen, and much shorter PERU: Yumbatos, X-28) are virtually identical to saccus. These differences plus potential sympatry each other and their genitalia (AMNH slides G907 with C. s. vox in Per u strongly suggest that this is and G908, respectively) are essentially identical to not a C. shema subspecies and we therefore raise those we hav e seen ofC. s. ochrufrom Brazil andof the taxon to specifiC status c. s. shema from French Guiana. as well as to the Itshouldbe notedalso that the holotype ofC. s. C. shema male from French Guiana illustrated by mercedensis illustrated by Mielke (1991) exhibits Williams and Bell (1934) Tbefemale, from PERIJ- similarities to C. disjunctus in wing shape. It may Balsapuerto, Feb., is nearly identical superficially not be a subspecies of C. shema but possibly of C. to the males and the genitalia are very similar to disjunctus The genitalia should be closely exam- those of C. s. ochra and C. s. shema, but with a inedin this regard; Mielke (1991) did not illustrate nanOWeI lamella post'laginalis, which may 'lelY the genitalia, mearly statmg that it "comcides" well beindividual variation These 3specimens are with C. s. shema. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 31 Celaenorrhinus par Steinhauser & Austin, Genitalia: tegumen short, broad, eaudal end new species with very broad lateral lobes; uncus divided with (Figs. 29, 30, 37, 38, 48, 57) narrow, very widely separated, sharply divergent arms; gn ailios divided, arms approximate, parallel, DeSCriptIOn. Male: forewmg length - US-4 caudal endvery narrow; vmculum relatively short mm (16.6 19.8, N- 3); fol'w....ing ':lith no costalfold, and shallmvly S shaped; saccus long; valva with apex not produced, termen evenly convex; hind- long costa; ampulla with narrow sharply pointed wing quadrate, termen produced at vein CuAl' process extending dalso·caudad, not leaching slightly concave to either side; dorsum dark gray· caudad beyond distal end ofharpe; harpe roughly brown; forewing with numerous white hyaline triangular.shaped, sharply pointed, triangular macules as follows' discal cell, posterior portion shaped process extending mesad from at or near broader than antenor portIOn, dIstal edge usually dorsal margm, termmatmg as sharp pomt slightly "v" shaped, proximal edge more or less straight; cephalad of mid caudal margin ofharpe; sacculus costal cell, rectangular, proximal edge in line with relatively broad; juxta not well developed, slightly proximal edge of diseal cell maeule, CuAl·Cu~, lobate caudad, penis longel than valva, thinly tu· broad, posterior edge longer than anterior edge, bular, caudal end pointed, vesica opening dextral, distal edge irregular, proximal edge slightly con- phallobase short; cornutus weaklysc1erotized, nar· cave, anterio·proximalcorner adjacent to middle of row, thorn·like structure postenoredge of (fiscalcellmacule; M8.CuA1,small, Female: forewmglength-19.2mm (18.9·19.7, irregular, triangular shaped, situated at anterio N 3); virtually identieal to male; wings slightly distal corner of macule in CuA(Cu1\, separated broaderandrounder; antennalnudum, red-brown, flOm discal cell macule, small anterior macule in 15 eN 3), 16 eN 2), Ol 17 eN 2) segments. CuA2·2A, slightly proximad to posterio-distal cor· Genitalia: lamella postvaginaljs long and ner ofmacule m CuA1-CuA;; slffiilar macule poste broad, caudal end slightly concave medially; os· rior in same cell, slightly proximal of anterior tium bursae narrow, about 1/4 width of lamella macule; mmute macule subbasally m antenorpar· postvagmalis; lamella antevagmaIis broad, thin, tion ofsame eell; 3 subapieal macules, about size of largelymembranous, extendedcaudadasthinarms distal macules in Cu1\.2A, central macule very lateral to lamella postvaginalis; antrum sclero· slightly offset basad. Hindwing with small, rathel tized, extending cephalad neally to constriction of indistinct, opaque macules; most prominent at dis· long, slender duct.us bursae; corpus bursae a glob. tal end of dlscal cell; frmges of both wmgs whIte, ular sac, no SIgna. checked with dark brown at vein tips. Types. Holotype male with the following la Ventral surlace nearly identical to dorsum; bels: white, printed: BRASIL; Rondonia / 62 km S spaIsely overscaled with pale ochreous; forewing Ariquemes I off B·65, vicinity I Fazenda Rancho anal margin gray, indistinct submarginal line of Grande / 20 April 1992 / leg. G. T. Austin; red, ochreous scales most prominent in CuA;.2A, hind· printed: HOLOTYPE I Celaenorrhinuspar I Stein· wingrelatively heavily overscaled with pale ochre· h auser & Austin Paratypes' (allBRAZIL' RondOnia, ous; macules more promment, usually a complete leg. G. T. Austm unless noted): same locatIOn as submfll'ginalrow. holotype, 22 July 1994 (1 male); 2 NO'/. 1989 (1 Headbrown above, whitish beneath antennae, male); 17 Sept. 1992, leg. R. & A. Albright (1 wlritebeneath andbehindeyes, palpiblown above, female), 11 Aug. 1993 (1 female), 16 Aug. 1993 (1 white beneath, antennae black, narrowly white a1 male); linea C·2 5 offB·65, 12 5 km S Cacaulandia, segments medially, broadly whIte at base of club 21 Mar. 1991 (1 male); linea C·20 off B·65 at RIO beneath, nudumred·brown, 13 segments (N-1), 15 Pardo, 20 Mar. 1991 (lfemale); B·65, 13kmSofBR segments (N - 6); thorax gray·brown above and on 364, Cacaulandia, 1 Nov. 1990, leg. J. Brock (l sides beneath wings, pectus very pale gray brown, female); linea C 10, 5 km S Caeaulandia, 6 Mar. legs pale gray·brown, tibiae smooth, midtibia with 1994, leg. O. Gomes (lfemale); 19 Mar. 1994. leg. O. single pair alldhind tibia with 2 parrs ofrelatively Gomes (1 female), 16 Apr. 1994, leg. O. Gomes (1 long spurs, bind tibia with long tan hair tuftheld by female); 1 May 1994, leg 0 Gomes (1 female); 11 modifIed thoraCIC scales; abdomen brown above, June 1994, leg. O. Gomes (I male); 26 June 1994, whitish with medium width brown median line leg. O. Gomes (1 female); 29 June 1994, leg. O. beneath, scent pouches present. Gomes (1 female); 22 July 1994, leg. O. Gomes (1 male), 24 July 1994, leg. O. Gomes (1 male), 31 July 32 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI 1994, leg. O. Gomes (1 male), 1 Sept. 1993, leg. O. of C. similis are valid species as discussed below) Gomes (1 male); 5 Sept. 1993. leg. O. Gomes (1 have a similar process of the valva, differing from male); 11 Sept. 1993, leg. O. Gomes (1 male); 16 Oct. that of C. par by being either long and thin orvery 1994, leg 0 Gomes (1 male); 19 Dec 1993, leg 0 short, but not broadly triangular Gomes (1 female). Deposition of types. The holotype and a Status of Celaenorrhinus similis subspecies, sensu Evans, 1952 Evans (1952) treated 4 taxa as subspecies of Curitiba, Brazil The remaining paratypes will be Celaenorrhinus similis Hayward, 1933. We exam- distributed to other collections. ined both sexes of these 4 and found significant Typelocality BRAZIL' Rondonia; 62 kilome- genitalic differences in both males. as described ters south of Anquemes, linea C-20, 7 kilometers and illustratedby Evans (1952), andfemales. The (byroad) eastofl'OuteB 65, FazendaRanehoGrande, published genitalic differences of the males alone 180 meters. This is a:rOximately 5 km northeast are sufi'lclentto warrant the status changes shown of Cacaulandia ill typ; allowlwrdi;ropicalrainfOI- belOw. est Etymology. The word "par" IS Latm for equal Gelaeno""hinU8 stoIa Evans, neVi status or a match and refers to this species similarity to Celaenorrhinus similis stola Evans, 1952 taxa of C. shema and C. disjunetus. Celaenorrhinus approximatus Williams & Bell, revised Distribution and phenology. The species is status krtown from the types taken in the forest interior Celaenorrhin liB approximatllB Williams & Bell, 1940 from March through December and 2 males and a Celaenorrhznus s~m~hs approx~matus WI1hams & female from nearby BRAZIL- Rondonia; .laru, tak- Bell, 1940' Evans, 1952 en mAugust. Diagnosis and discussion. ~laen{)rrhinus Celaenorrhinus bifurcus Bell, revised status paris nearlyidenticalinitspatternto Celaenorrhi Celaenorrhinu8 bifurcu8 Bell, 1934 nus shemamercedeTtsis Mielke, 1991, a nameintro Celaenorrhinus similis bi[urcus Bell, 1934: Evans, 1952 duced to replace the misidentified Celaenorrhinus Evans, 1952 Draudt). This shema songoensis (nee The distributions of these taxa have not been studied in detail Tbose given by Evans (1952)' C roe er Inprep~, w 0 synonymizee aenor ~ Mexico to Nicaragua for C. stola, Costa Rica to nus songoensis Draudt, 1922 with Celaenorrhinus Panama for C. approXimatus, Costa Rica to north Evans, 1952 (reported by Mielke saroma timor em South America for C. bifurcus, and southern 1991.504). As noted abO\le, Mielke (1991) did not South America for C. similis, largely indicated illustrate the male enitalia of C. s. mercedensis. , . e aenorr inus par ers super icia y rom were reportedfrom Costa Rica. We also have seen ~ielke'~ W91)=~llust~ation ;zer(;ed(m~is of C s by material Of both from that country; this indiCates that C. bifureus occurs on the Pacific slope from lower elevations (mostly near sea level) while C. sUba~ical forewin~ strai~hter macules in a line, approximatus ismontane (alsoon the Pacificslope), andre fOlewingostal macule being ready con· occurring above 1350 m in elevation. joined with the discal cell macule C paris smaller than C. s. mercedens~s; MIelke (1991) did not gIve a forewing;easurement, but Evans (1952) listed Celnenoll hinus jno (Mabille) (Figs. 23,24, 31, 32, 46, 55) genitalia of C. par, and particularly the valva, Plesioneura jao Mabille, 1889 however, are very different from C. shema, which Cecropteru8 electru8 Mabille, 1891 lacks the distinctive horizontal, pointed process Autochton electrus (Mabille, 1891): Evans, 1952 from the dorsal margm of the harpe. Autuchtun jew (Mabille, 1889). Evans, 1958 The valvae of certain taxa of the Gelaenorrhi Celaenorrhinus jao (Mabille, 1889): de Jong, 1982 nus similis Hayward, 1933 group of species (note that the taxa treatedby Evans [1952] as subspecies INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 33 Description. Male: forewing length 18.8 Female:forewing length 18.amm (17.8-18.9, mm (17.8-19.3, N =10): forewing withnocostalfold, N =4); virtuallyidenticalto male, antennalnudum apexslightlyproduced, terrnen evenly CillIVex, hind- led-brown, 15 (N 1) or 17 (N 4) segments. wing slight.ly angled at. vein euA!, convex anterior Genitalia- lamella postvaginalisnearly square; and slightly concave postenor to thIS; dorsum dark lamella antevagmalis extending caudad as smgle brown; forewing with continuous white band ex· central tongue-like lobe covering the ostium bur tendingfrom midcostaalmost to tornus in CUA,,-2A sae, this central lobe paralleled byheavily spinose where narrowed neal outer margin, band hyaline lateral processes; antrum poorly defined, weakly except anterior to discal cell and at tornus, non- sclerotized: ductus seminalis connected to ductus hyaline areas white or with slight creamy tinge, bursae slightly cephalad ofantrum, ductus bursae band broadest at midwing; one to 3 subapical, long wit.h vagueinternal sclerotization just cephal- whIte, hyaline macules, central one offset slightly ad of ductus semmalis connectIOn (thIS sclerobza basad when all present; fringe gray. Hindwing tion may be analogous to the "bacilli" of Higgins, unmarked, costa narrowly pale gray; fringe white 1941), constricted just caudad ofmidpoint, clearly anteIioI to vein Ms or euA}' then gray. separate from subspherical corpus bUIsae, no si Ventral forewing as dorsum except anal mar- gna. gin pale gray-brown, hindwing dark brown over- Distribution and phenology. Evans (1952) scaled with ochreous especially at wing base and reported material from Ecuador, Peru, and the broadly along anal margm; whIte of frmge not or upper Amazon. TIns forest speCIes IS not uncom blll'ely extendingontowingproperanteriorly;vague mon in central RondOnia with records for March, or absent discalpale macules, most prominent and April, June, August, October, and November. Itis peIsistent at distal end of discal cell, but may be seen atflowers andmales aIe associated with almy absent ants, are attractedto paper lures, and occasionally Head blue-green above, pale yellow in front of occur on hilltops. eyes, beneath antennae, and beneath and behind Discussion Evans (1952, 1953) considered eyes, palpi black above, pale yellow-orange be thIS brown speCIes WIth whIte hyalirie forewmg neath, antennae black, vaguely 'l/hite at segments bands to be an Autochton, fIrst as Autochton elec medially, broadly white at base of club and on trus (Mabille) and later realizing that Plesioneura apiculus beneath, nuduIll led-blown, 16 (N 2) to jaa Mabille was a senior synonym. De Jmtg (1982) ] 7 (N=3) segments; thorax gray-brown above with correctly associated it with Celaenorrhinus blue-green scales especially cephalad, pale gray This specieswasfoundflying with asuperticIal green on sides beneath wings, pectus pale yellow- ly nearly identical species to be described next. ish, legs brown with many pale gray-brown scales, tibiae smooth, mid tibia with single pair of spurs, Celaenorrhinus autochton Steinhauser &. hind tibiae with 2 ~airs no tibial hair tuft or Austin, new species modlfiedmetepimer;rscal~s,abdomenbrownabove, (Figs. 25, 26, 33, 34, 47, 56) whitewitb narrowtomedinm-width brown median line on venter, scent pouches absent. Description. Male: forewing length 18.6 Genitalia: tegumen relativelylong withmedi mm (17.0-19.5, N =10); forewing withno costalfold, urn-sized rounded lobes caudad; uncus arms of apexslightlyproduced, termenevenlyconvex; hind- moderate length, very widely spaced, slightly di wing slightly angled at vein en AI' convex anterior r n' nathos arms widel s aced thin and and slightly concave. ...posterior to this; dorsum dark SpiCU ose; VillCU urn s a ow y -s ape ; saccus , moderately long, broad; costa-ampulla margin tendingfrom midcostaalmost to tomus in Cu,&-2A strongly angulate, ampulla WIth thm dorso-caudal where narrowed neatly to point befole expanded process; harpe triangular, terminating in dorsally distad and approaching outer margin, band hya- lineexceptanteriorto discalcellandattornus, non- hyaline areas with slight yellow tinge, band broad- divergent; juxta a simple band; penistubular, long- est at midwing; 3 subapical, white, hyaline mac- er than valva, and slightly flared caudad, dorsal ules, central one offset slightly basad; fringe gray. vesica opening, phallobase ofmedium length; cor· Hindwing unmarked, costa narrowly pale gray; , nutus with pair of parallel thorn-like structures. fringe white anterior to vein Mg or euAl then gray. 34 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI ·Ventral forewing as dorsum except anal mar anbum, cephalad ofwhieh the ductus bursae con gin pale gray; hindwing dark brown overscaled tains a pair of longitudinal sclerotized ribs (baeil- with ochreous especially at wing base and along li?), one illl each side, extending cephalad to the anal margin; white offringe extending slightly (0 5 point where the ductus bursae is constricted near mm) onto wmg proper anterIorly; vague Typelocality. BRAZIL: RondOnia; 62 kilome Celaenorrhinus syllius (C. & R. Felder) ters south of Ariquemes, linea C-20, 7 kilometers (Figs. 4, 5, 9, 10, 49, 58) (byroad) eastofrouteB-05, FazendaRanchoGrande, 180 meters This is approximately 5 km northeast Ancistrocampta sylliU8 C & R Felder, 1862 of Cacaulandm III typIcal lowland tropIcal ramfor CelaenorrhinU8 8ylliu8 (C. & R. Felder, 1862): Evans, est. 1952 Etymology. This species is named because of its superficial similality to sevelal species of Au Description Male' fdtewing length 203,212 tochton Hubner es eriidae: P r inae . mm; forewing with no costal fold, apex not pro- IS r1 U Ion an p eno y. e s e ies is , ; known onlyfrom the types taken from February to convex or vaguely angled at vein CuA1 dorsum December. It flies m the forest mterlOr and has velY dalk blown, fOlewing with bload yellow-m been seen associated ·,yith army ants and at white ange band extending from mid costa (filling distal paper lures. One female was taken on a rid;etop, end of discal cell) to termen in CuA;;-2A, distal Diagnosis and discussion, The colo and margin angled behind discal cenWhere bandbroad- ~tternofC, autochton areveri similar to those of est, proximalmarginnearly straight, bandhyaline from anterior edge dlScal cell to vein CUi~ . joo with which it flies at th type locality. The . Of ~ latter species differs by baving a slightly less pro- otherWIse opaque; fringe as adjoining wing color. duced forewmg, often only one or 2 mmute subap lIindwing unmalked, costa nallowly pale glay real macules (occasionally 3 of same size as on C. brown: fringe brown. autochton~ a narrower white band with the non- Venter as dorsum exceptforewing analmargin hyaline le10ns white (01 neatly so), thecaudal end pale gray-brown of the band is often non-hyaline to vein Cu~ and Headbrown above, yellow-orange aroundeyes, not conspIcuously expanded distad, and the whIte palpi yellO",.... orange, blaek at tip, antennae blaek, adjacent to the fringe on the ventral hindwing is narrowly white at segments, nudum dark gray, 15 more restncted or absent. These superfICIal char (N 1) or 18 (N 1) segments, thoIaxblown above acters are most easily seen after determination and on sides beneath wings, pectus yellow-orange, basedonthe genitaliawhich are abundantly differ- legs brown with many pale brown scales, tibiae ent. smooth, mid tibia with smgIe pair Of spurs, hind The male genitalia of C. joo have more widely tibiae with 2 pairs, hind tibia with pale tan hair separateduncus andgnathos arms than C, autoch tuft, modified metepimeral seales of same eolor; ton, the vinculumis not prominently S-shaped, the abdomen brown above. ochreous with broadbrown ampulla of the valva has a much shorter, narrow bands on ventel, scent pouches present. process that does notextendbeyondthe caudal end Genitalia: tegumen short with small caudal oftheha e andhas a dorso-caudalorientation the lobes; uncus arms short, widely spaced, andcurved arpe is na w an curve 0 -cau a ,an e , penis is about as long as the valva witb the termi- convergent caudad, and heavily spiculose; vincu- nusofthecornutus as a parrofthorn-likeprocesses. Ium centrally angled; saccus long and thin, valva The female genitalia of G. jao have a have a rectangularcephalad; ampullawith thinandhooked nearl~ square lamella postvaginalis contrasting caudalprocess, harpe relatively thin with triangu with 1e caudally ploduced and centrally concave lartip, exceedinglengt.h ofampulla process, strong- I m 11 of auto h on. The lamella anteva inalis ly curve~ mesa~ in dorsal vi~w lateral of ampulla o ,lOO 18 muc narrower an a 0 , au oc on and bordered laterally by narrow, heavily spinose ventrad; penis tubular and somewhat flaring processes. The corpus bursae of C. lOO is smaller caudad, COInutus complex, majOl stIuetUle is spi and more nearly spherieal than of C. autochton, ral band terminating in spade-shaped flap with nearlyperpendicular spike, alsoweakly sclerotized and somewhat spade-Shaped smaller structure. alltochton Female: forewing length = 20.7 mm (N - 1); SpeclIDens m conectlOns under the name C. lOO virtually identical to male; antennal nudum red need to be carefully examined to document the full brown. 16 segments ill - n. distribution of C. autochton, Genitalia: lamella postvaginalis long and broad, caudal end narrowlyconcavemediaUy; lamel- 36 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI la antevaginalis broad with caudal end straight, In the genitalia of female Lepidoptera, the nearly covering ostium bursae; 2 largely membra- antrum. a term coined by Higgins (1941:179) was nous lateral lobes with vague sclerotization; an- defined by him as follows: "The ostium [bursae] trum very broad, well sclerotized; ductus bursae leads into a short and wide chitinous canal which I Immediately cephalad of antrum narrow, then ex term the antrum, wIth whIch are artIculated a parr pandedin a eup like, '.vrinkled, andvaguely selero ofdivergent horny rods, '•...,hieh enter the bursa and tizedprocess at ductus seminalis connection, ceph- appear to support it within the body cavity. I refer alad of which it tapels to a slightly constricted, to these rods as the bacilli." Tuxen (1956), in the relatively narrow ductus, rather clearly separate glossary defines Higgins' antrum as: "The most from ovoid corpus bursae; no signa. caudal part of ductus bursae when more heavily Distribution and pbenology Evans (1952) sclerotized and differentiated from remainder of mdIcated a rather broad dIstrIbutIOn for thIS spe ductus." eies from the Guianas and EeuadOl', south to Peru In some Celaenorrhinus speeies, sueh as C. and central Brazil. In central Rondonia, it is very astrigera, the antrum is short, rather heavily scle· raIe in the fmest intelior, has been recorded in Iotizedat, andimmediately cephaladof, the ostium April, August, and December, perches beneath bursae and rather sharply defined at its cephalad leaves, and is attracted to white paper lures. end. Others have the antrum very long and well Discussion This is one of 2 New World sclerotizedover its entirelength as in C aegiachus, Celaenorrhmus WIth broadyellow-orange bands on C. btfUrcus, Celaenorrhmus elegtus (Stoll, (1781]), th~ forewing. There are no small pale macules on and C. par. In those species with clearly defmed, the hindwing as onmany otherspecies ofthe genus well sclerotized antra, long or short, the ductus nor subapicalmacules. The secondary sexualchar seminalis attaches to the ductus bursae very short acters of the male and the genitalia leave no doubt ly cephalad of the antrum or at its cephalad end, as to its affmity. and the ductus bursaeis often somewhat constrict· A male C syllius examined from Ecuador (Rio ed at this point In other species, such as C jaa and Napo, Llmoncocha) IS SImilar but the forewmg C. autochton, the antrum IS weakly sclerotIzed and bandis mueh nal'l'mveranddoes notquite reaehthe poorly defined, the duetus seminalis attaehes to the costa or termen. The genitalia are virtually identi- ductus bursae just cephalad of the antrum, but cal with those from RondOnia. there is more or less vague internal sclerotization in t.he ductus bursaecephalad oft.his cannect.ion In Discussion C. autochton, thIS sclerotIzatIon takes theform of2 Neotropical Celaenorrhinus taxa have several longlateralribs, apparently analogous to thebacilli distinct wing pattern phenotypes even on a local ofHiggins (1941). In these taxa, the constriction of basis as illustrated by tbetauna in Rondonia This the ductus bursae is well eephalad of the ductus diversity is united by erect palpi, no costal fold, a seminalis. Others such as C. shema have antra long form'ling diseaI eell, and various seeondary intermediate betw~en the fully sclerotized form of sexual characters (Evans 1952) plus certain struc· C eligius, etc and thevery weakly sclerotizedform tUI es of the male genitalia (lateral caudal lobes on of C. Jao and C. autochton; here the antrum IS well the tegumen, a divided uncus, a divided and termi- sclerotized eaudally, but the selerotization fades nally thin gnathos, and a long and thin caudal process Of the ampuna). Other characters vary widely especially those of the penis. This may be trum" is completely membranous short and stout or long and thin. The eornutus In most of the species examined, the ductus ranges from absent to ornate. It should be noted bursae is quite long, slender, and clearly differen- thatthese malegenitalicehalaeters, althoughemll tiated from the corpus bursae, which is usually man also in Africa and Asian species, are not rather small and subspherical, but may be some universal. We have examined the female genitalia of 15 ductus b~sae is quite bwad and lIore ill less species ofNeotropicalCelaenorrhinus, butonlyone gradually expands cephalad t.o form the corpus Mriean speeies and none from the Asiatie fauna. bursae; others vary between these extremes. The Unless otherwise noted, the characteristics out- corpus bursae commonly bears a single, longitudi lined below apply only to Neotropical species. nal, narrow spiculose signum ventrally, which is absent on some species. The corpus is frequently INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 37 somewhat ploduced dorsadat itsjuncture with the Further comment on Orn-eates, how~er, is ductus bursae. which connects to theventral side of warranted. We do not see why Evans (1952) asso- the corpus at its distal end. ciatedC. saviawith C. aegiochus. Thatspecies, and The configuration oftbe sterigma varies great- tbe superficially similar C orneates, are of a much ly between speCIes while retarnrng an overall Silll differentphenotype than C. aegwchus andlackthe ilarity of relatively simple, symmetrical lamellae, usual male secondary sexual characters. Evans ostium bursae, and antrum. (1952) did not see a male of C. savia (where would De Jong (1982) leviewed the secondary sexual he have placed itifhe had?) and omiously neithel characters of Celaenorrhinus. He noted that most did de Jong (1982). The male genitalia ofC. savia species of the genus have hair tufts on the hind and C. orneates are undoubtedly of the Celaenor tibiae which are beld by enlarged scales on tbe rhinus type and, although distinct from each other thrrd epillleron plus an abdomrnal scent organ rn many ways, are SImilar (and qUIte differentfrom consisting oCa pairofpouches on thesecond abdom C. aegiochui) in their broad gnathos, long caudal inal sternite. One Old World species lacks tufts, process of the ampulla, well developed juxta, dis- modified scales, and pouches and all continental tinctly upculvedphallobase, and no COlnutus. The Mrican species lack pouches. Among New World female genitalia of C. aegiochus and C. savia are species, only C. jao was reported not to have any of also very different in the form of the lamellae and the 3 characters (de Jong 1982) In 1894, presence of a signum on C aegiochus Godman and Salvm (1879-1901) erected the genus The Celaenorrhmus of Rondoma have anrnter Orneates for Eudamus aegioehus Hewitson, 1876. estingdiversityofseeondarysexualcharacterstates Superficially, this is a distinctive black and blue of males. Both C. savia and C. orneates lack all 3 species with white, hyaline forewing band and secondalY sexual chmactels ofmost species of the subapicalmacules. Evans (1952) describeda differ- genus as does C. jao. Celaenorrhinus autochton is ent lookrng species, Orneates savia, based on a unique with the absence oftibialtufts andaSSOCIat single specimen, describing the ventral hindwing ed modified scales on the thoraxbut with an abdom- as "verylike Celaenorrhmus.» HesaIdof thegenus: mal scent organ. The remammg 4 speCieS from "seems to be a connecting link between Porphyro Rondonia have all 3 characters. We examined genes andCelaenorrhinus" (we do notsee this link). males of other New World Celaenorrhinus readily His descliption indicated bload similalities be- available to us. C. aegiochas, C. dibjanctas, C. tween Orneates and Celaenorrhinus (no costalfold, stola, C. approximatu..., C bifurcu..., Celaenorrhi- hrnd tIbIae WIth harr tuft and associated thoracic nus fritzgartneri (Bailey, 1880), Celaenorrhmus "pouch", antennae 1/2 length of costa) and distin- stallingsi Freeman, 1946, C. eligius, Celaftnorrhi- guished them solely by hmdwmg shape (tornus nus monartus (PlOtz, 1884), and Celaenorrhinus producedon Orneates [but no more thanon certain 8uthina (Hewitson, 1877). All examined (18 of 24 CelaenorrhinusD and apiculus ("rather more arcu- now recognized species), except the 4 noted above, ate" on Orneates [a function ofmounting?]). Healso possessed tibial tufts, enlargedthoracic scales, and chacterized Orneates as having 18 segments on the abdominal pouches The absence of these charac- nudum. ThIS IS true for C. aegwchus but C. sav£a ters appears to be secondary losses, occurrmg m has 19 22 segments and C. orneates has 20. The apparently disparate taxa, C. jao othenvise being nudum varies from 13 to 18 segments on the other quite different from C. savia and C. orneates but species of Celaenorrhinus & om RondOnia exam vely similar to C. autochton in wing clIalactels. ined here The presence of a tibial tuft and other The intrageneric variation in wing pattern, secondary characters was the basis for considering secondary sexual characters, and genitalia sug Orneates as ajunior synonym o£Celaenorrhinusby gests that relationships of New World taxa need to de Jong (1982). DespIte the strikmg differences rn be sought amongvanous Old World groups and not colOI' and pattern of C. aegiochus from other Ne..-.. solely among NeVI "Vond taxa. l.n interesting World Celaenorrhinus, we agree with this action. cladistic study awaits some future student of the The male genitalia (Fig. 41) have the CelaenOlI hi- genus. nus aspect (divided uncus, form of the gnathos, caudal lobes on the tegumen, overan shape of the valvaincludingampullaprocess andelongateharpe) as do the female genitalia (Fig. 51). 38 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI Key to males of Celaenol I hinus of central Rondonia, Brazil 5. Dorsum nearly black, forewing without large central macules, small white macules numerouS . 1 Dorsum relatively uniform dark brown "'ith continu- ...... C. astrigera ous hyalme band from forewmg costa to outer Dorsum paler brown, forewing with large central margin near tornus 2 macules, small white macules fewer 6 Dorsum less umform, hyahne macuIes on forewmg more or less separate, hindwing often with nu- 6.Ventral hindv/ing yellow orange G. s. ochra merous small opaque macules 4 - Ventral hindwing without yellow-orange C. par 2. Forewing band yellow-orange C. syllius ! females ofC. orneates will probably key out here and be Forewing band white 3 distinguished from G. savia as are males 3. PIOcess of ampulla longer than harpe .. C. autochton Acknowledgements Process of ampulla ofequal length to or shorter than harpe e. jao 'Ne thank O. H. H. Mielke ofthe Univel'sidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil who made 4. Large (forewing> 22 mm), hind tibia without tuft... 5 material from Rondonia readily available and crit - Smaller (forewing < 21.5 mm), hind tibia with tuft .. ically read the manuscript LD and J Y Miller of ...... 6 the Allyn Museum of Entomology prOVIded work space for the senior author and sent critical speci 5:Submarginal macules notpresent inM!-M and M -M 2 2 3 O...... C. savia mens. R. andA. Albright, G. Bongiolo, J. Brock, . Gomes, and S. Kohler allowed us to use their data. SubmargmaI macules present m M!-M2 and M2-M3 C om€ot€S Referenees 6 Dorsum nearly black, forewing without large central macuIes, small whIte macuIes numerous . Austin, G. T., J. P. Brock, and o. II. II. Mielke. 1993. C astrigera Ants, birds, and skippers. Trop. Lepid. 4:1-11. - Dorsum paler brown, forewing with large central Bailey, J. S. 1880. Description of a new species of macules, small wbite macules fewer 7 f'lesioneura from Central America. Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 3:62-63. 7. Ventral hindwing yellow-orange C. s. oehra Bell, E. L. 1934. New Hesperiidae from Trinidad and Ventral hindwing without yellow-orange ...... C. par Peru (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Amer. Mus. No vit., no. 745:1 6. Bell, E. L. 1940. A new genus and some new species of Key to felll8:les of Celaenorrhinus ofeentral Hesperiidae fl"Om Peru, in the Bassler collection Rondonia, Brazil Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1094:1-7. Butler, A S 1877 (In the I ,epidoptera of the Amazons, collected by James W. H. Trail, Esq., during the 1. Dorsum relativel~niformdarkbrownwithcontinuous hyalineba d from forewing costato outermargin years 18'1:3-18'15 Trans Ent Soc London 25' 1115- near tornus 2 156. - Dorsum less uniform, hyaline macules on forewing de Joug, R. merous small opaque macules 4 epi per, 705. 2. Forewing band yellow-orange C. syllius de Niceville, c. L. A. 1894. On new UL little-known Forewing band white 3 butterflies from the Indo-Malayan Region. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Part II 63.1-59. 3. Lamallae short and broad, lamella antevaginalis with Draudt, M. 1922. Die amerikanischen Tagfalter. Ly- broad central lobe, lateral lobes not spinose ... caenidae and Grypocera. In A. Seitz. Grosschmett...... C autochton Erde 5:744999. - Lamellae long and narrow, lamella antevaginalis Emmel, T. C., and G. T. Austin. 1990. The tropical with narrow centra I lobe, latera I lobes spinose rainforest butterfly fauna of Rondonia, B1zil: spe ...... C.jao 4. Large (forewing> 23 mm)! C. savia perlldae III the BritIsh Museum (Natural HIstory). Smaller (forewmg < 22 mm) 5 Partll' Pyrginae -section 1 London' British Museum (Natural History). 177 pp. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 39 Evans,W. H. 1953. A catalogue ofthe American Hesperi· Mabille, P. 1891. Description d'Hesperides nouvelles. idae in the British Museum (Natural History). Part Primere Partie. C. R. Soc. Ent. Belg. 35:lix-Ixxxviii. III, Pyrginae. section 2. London: British Museum Mielke, O. H. H. 1991. Notas sinonimicas sabre (Natural History). 246 pp. Hesperiidae Neotropicais com descri~oes de novos Felder, C., and R. Felder. 1862, Specimen faunae generos, especies e subspecies (Lepidoptera). Rev. lepidopterlogicae riparium fluminis Negro Superi Bras. Zool. 7:503-524. oris in Brasilia Septentrionali. Wein. Ent. Monats. Plotz, C. 1884. Die Hesperiinen-Gruppe der Achlyo 6:175-192. den. Jb. Nass. Vor. Nat. 37:1-55. Freeman, H. A. 1946. Two new species of skippers Steinhauser, S. R. 1981.A revision ofthe proteus group from North and CentralAmerica (Lepidoptera: Hes of the genus UrbanlLs Hubner, Lepidoptera : Hes· periidae). Ent. News 57:185-187. periidae. Bull. Allyn Mus., no. 62:1-41. Godman, F. C., and O. Salvin. 1879-1901. Biologia Steinhauser, S. R. 1986. A review of the narcosius Centrali·Americana. Zoology: Insecta. Lepidoptera group of species of the genus A,o;traptes Hubner Rhopalocera. London: Taylor & Francis. 3 vols. (sensQ Evans, 1952) and erection of a new genus. Hayward,K. J. 1933. LepidopterosArgentinos. Familia Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae. Bull. Allyn Museum, no. Hesperidae. Parte 1. subfamllia Pyrgininae, Sec 104:1-43. cion "A". Revista Soc. Ent. Argent. 5:149-188. Stitz, H. 1901. Der Genitalapparat der Mikrolepidop Hayward, K. J. 1948. Genera et species animalium teren (2). Zoo!. Jb. Anat. 15:385-434, T. XX-XXIV. Argentinorum. Vol. 1: Insecta, Lepidoptera, Pyr. Stoll, C. 1781. In Cramer, P., Villandsche Kapellen. rhopyginae et Pyrginae. Buenos Aires, G. Kraft, Amsterdam: Baalde. vol. 4. Ltd. 389 pp. Tuxen, S. L. (ed.).1956. Taxonomist's glossary of gen Hewitson, W. C. 1876. Description of twenty new italia in insects. Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard. speciesofHesperidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18:347 284 pp. 355. Williams, R. C., Jr., and E. L. Bell. 1934. Studies in Hewitson, W. C. 1877. Descriptions of twenty·three the AmericanHesperioidea, paper IV (Lepidoptera). new species of Hesperidae from his own collection. On the synonymy and the male genitalia of some Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 20:319-328. species. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 60:265·280. Higgins, L. G. 1941. An illustrated catalogue of the Williams, R. C., Jr., and E. L. Bell. 1940. New Palearctis Melitaea (Lep. Rhopalocera). Trans. Neotropical Hesperiidae and notes on others (Lep. Royal Ent. Soc. 91:175·365. idoptera). Trans Amer. Ent. Soc. 66:121-140. Hubner, J. 1819. Verzeichniss bekannter Schmit· llinge. Augsberg: pub!. by the author. 431 pp. Mabille, P. 1889. Diagnosesde Lepidopteres Nouveaux. Naturaliste 11:14. Figs. 1-5. Celaenorrhillus species, dorsal surface (liB from BRAZIL: Rondonia; vicinily of Cacaulandia). Fig. 1. C. souio, male, 22 Nov. 1992. Fig. 2. C. savio, female, 29 Nov. 1990. Fig. 3. C. omeates, holotype male. Fig. 4. C. syllius, male, 17 Apr. 1992. Fig. 5. C. sylliu.s, female, 13 Aug. 1993. Figs. 6-10. CelaellOrrhi,lUS species. ventral surface. Same specimens as Figs. 1-5. 40 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI 18 11 12 13 21 15 Figs. 11-16. Celoel1orrhinusspecies, dorsal surface. Fig. 11. C. shemaochro, male, BRAZIL: Rondonia; vicinityofCacaulandia. 19June 1993. Fig. 12. C.shemaochra, female. BRAZIL: Rondonia; vicinity ofCaeaulandia, 31 Oct. 1989. Fig. 13. C. shema UOX, male, PERU; Yombatos, X 28. Fig.H. C. shema vox, female, PERU: Balsapuerw, Feb. Fig. 15. C. shemoochra, male, BAAzIL: ftondonia; vicinity ofCaeaulandia, 19 June 1993 (ventral hindwing lightly scaled with yellow-orange. intermediate towards C. s. (}Ox). Fig. 16. C. disjunctus, male. PERU: Huao.. TingoMaria. v-23-47. Figs. 17-22. Celaenorrhinus species, ventral surface. Same specimens as Figs. 11·16. 35 29 37 Figs. 23-30. CeJaellorrhinus species, dorsal surface (all from BRAZIL: Rondonia; vicinity ofCaeaulandia). Fig. 23. C.jao, male, 14 June 1993. Fig. 24. C,joo, female, 13 Aug. 1993. Fig. 25. C. autochtoll, holotype male. Fig. 26. C. outochtot~, paratype female, 16 Mar. 1991. Fig. 27. C. ostrigero, male, 5 Mar. 1994. Fig. 28. C. astrigero, female, 26 Apr. 1994. Fig. 29. C. por, holotype male. Fig. 30. C. por, paratype female, 16 Apr. 1994. Figs. 31-38. CelaetwrrhillUS species. ventral surface. Same specimens as Figs. 23 30. INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 41 Fig. 39-42. Male gemtaha of Celaenorrhmus speCIes. FIg. 39. C. saVla, BRAZIL: Rondoma; vicimty of Cacaulandm (G'I'A#432I): (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathos. vinculum, and saccus -lateral view; (b) uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegumen - ventral view; (c) saccus . ventral view, (d) right vaha· interior lateral vie", (e) caudal end of ,alva including ,alva and caudal plOcess of ampulla dersal view; (f) penis - lateral view; (g) penis· dorsal view; (h) juxta· ventral view; (i) juxta, lateral view. Fig. 40. C. orneates, holotype male (G'I'A #3408): (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathos, vmculum, and saccus - lateral VIew; (b) uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegumen - ventral view; (c) saccus· ventral view; (d) right valva - interior lateral view; (e) caudal end of valva including valva and caudal process of ampulla . dorsal ,ie", (f) penis lateral ,ie,,; (g) penis dersal vie.v; (h) juxta ventral view; (i) juxta,lateral view. Fig. 41. C. aegiochus, COSTA RICA: Cartago; Turrialba (GTA#4409): (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathos, vinculum, and saccus· lateral view; (hI uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegumen . ventral VIew; {CI saccus· ventral VIew; (dl rIght valva· mterIor lateral VIew; (e) caudal end of valva including valva and caudal process of ampulla - dorsal view; (f) penis· lateral view; (g) penis -. dorsal view; (h) juxta ,entral ,ie,?; (i) juxta, lateral view. Fig. 42. C. flstrigera, BRAZIL: Rondonia; vieinity of Caeaulandia (GT-A #4393): (a) tegllmen, uncus, gnathos, vinculum, and saccus· lateral VIew; (b) uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegumen . ventral VIew; (c) saccus· ventral view; Cd) right valva· interior lateral view; (e) caudal end of valva including valva and caudal process of ampulla - dorsal view; (f) penis - lateral view; (g) penis· dorsal view; (h) juxta - ventral view; (i) juxta, lateral view. 42 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI Figs. 43-45. C. shema ochra, BRAZIL: Rondoma; vicimty of Cacaulandia (GTA#4370): (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathos, vmcuIum, and saccus - lateral view; (b) uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegumen - ventral view: Cc) saccus - ventral view; Cd) right valva - interior lateral view, (e) caudal end of valva including valva and caudal process of ampulla - dorsal view, (f) penis - lateral view, (g) penis -dorsalview; (h)juxta-ventralview; (i) juxta,lateralview. Fig. 44. C. shema vox, BOLOVIA: SantaCruz(AMNH#G907): (a) rightvalva - interior lateral view; (b) penis - lateral view (the manner ofthe slide preparation does not permit illustration in more detail) E'ig 45 C. disjunctus, PERU: Huan.;Tingo Maria (AMNH#2029): (a) rightvalva-interiorlateralview; (b) penis -lateralview; (c) saccus -ventral view, (the manner ofthe slide preparation does not permit illustration in more detail). INSECTA MUNDI, Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March - December, 1996 43 47 Figs 46-49 Male genitalia ofCelaenorrhin ItS species Fig. 46. C jaa BRAZIL: RQndonia· vicinity QfCacaulandia (GTA#2757): (3) tegumen, uncus, gnathos, viIlCU!UIIl, and saccus ·latelal view, (b) uncus, gnathos, and adjacent tegainen - venual view, {c) saccus - ventral view; (d) right valva - interiQr lateral view; (e) caudal end Qfvalva including valva and caudal process of ampulla - dQrsal 'lie'll; (f) penis lateral view; (g) penis - dorsal view; (h) juxta - ventral view Fig 47 C autochton, holotype male- (a) tegllmen, uncus, gnathQs, vinculum, and saccus - lateral view; (b) uncus, gnathQs, and adjacent tegumen - ventral view; (c) saccus - ventral view; (Ii) right valva - interior lateral view, (e) caudal end Qf valva including valva and caudal process of ampulla - dorsal "iew, (fJ penis -lateral view; (g) penis - dQrsal view; (h) juxta - ventral view; (i) juxta, lateral view. Fig. 48. C. par, hQIQtype male: (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathos, vincnlum, and saccns - lateral view; (h) lInCllS, gnatbos, and adjacent tegumen - ventral view; ec) saccus - ventral view; (d) right valva - interiQr lateral view; (e) caudal end Qf valva including valva and caudal prQcess Qf ampulla - dQrsal view; (f) penis -lateral view, (g) penis - dorsal view, (II) juxta - ventral view. Fig. 49. c. syllius, BRAZIL. RQndonia, "icinity Qf Cacaulandia (GTA#2134): (a) tegumen, uncus, gnathQs, vinculum, and saccus -lateral view; (b) uncus, gnathQs, and adjacent tegumen - ventral 'tiew; (c) saccus - ventral view; «1) right valva - interior lateral view; (e) caudal end Qf valva including valva and caudal prQcess Qf ampuna - dQrsal VIew; (f) penis - lateral view, (g) penis - dOIsal view, (II) juxta - ventral view, (i) juxta, lateral view. 44 Vol. 10, Nos. 1-4, March-December, 1996, INSECTA MUNDI ,yo 51 52 ') 1\ \\ // ) /' \ \ /1.1,'1\ /' ~ 11//1 IJ IIIQ / \ '\ , /\ )I \ /I t , )) I \ ! \ -\ ) \ \ \' ') I\ J I) I/j I, I 1 (f - \ "- Y \ / // Figs. 50-58. Female genitalia of CelaenoT Tkinas (all from BRAZIL. Rondonia, Cacauhlndia, unless noted), ventI at view. Fig. 50. C. savia (SRS #4436). Fig. 51. C. aegiochus, COSTA RICA: Cartago; Turrialba (GTA#4410). Fig. 52. C. asterigera (SRS #4443). Fig. 53. C. shema oGhra (GTA #43(9). Fig. 54. C slu~ma vox, PERU: Balsap'Ierto ({ITA #4485) Fig 55 C jao ({ITA #3284) Fig 56. C. autochton (UTA #3281). FIg. 57. C. par (UTA #4032). FIg. 58. C. syllws (UTA #43 71).