Year 7 History Key Terms Homework

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Year 7 History Key Terms Homework How England Began New Words: How England Began #1 New Words: How England Began #2 Key Term Definition Image Settlers Somebody who moves to Migration The movement another area or of people from country to build one place, a new life. usually a country, to another Celt A European ethnic group Aggressively Invasion around 1500 entering a years ago. country with the aim of taking control Chronology The order in Roman People from the which events Roman Empire happened in the who often tried past to expand the empire. Huguenots French Protestants A large area who were Empire including lots of persecuted and different moved to countries, England controlled by between 1560- just one country. 1720. New Words: How England Began #3 New Words: How England Began #4 Key Term Definition Image Key Term Definition Image Invasion Aggressively Viking Translates as entering a “pirate raiders”. country with the Warriors from Denmark, Norway aim of taking and Sweden. control. Cowardice Being scared to Lindisfarne An island off the fight in a battle. coast of Northumbria, inhabited solely by monks. Invincible An army which Pagan Technically an cannot be earth-centred defeated. religion BUT people in Anglo Saxon England used the word pagan to refer to a person Founder A person or group who was not who enters a Christian. country with the aim of settling. Raid A swift and quick Founders can attack, usually for migrate or invade, loot. The Vikings but they always would raid for leave behind a food, gold and legacy. other riches. New Words: How England Began #5 New Words: How England Began #6 Key Term Definition Image Key Term Definition Image Heir The next Claim A right to be person in line to King. Normally be King or this would be Queen hereditary, but in England in 1066 it was not. Noble A rich and important man Contender A person in a who was close competition. to the King Vulnerable Being open to attack, poorly Anglo- A historical defended Saxon source from the 9th to the Chronicle 11th Centuries. Written by Never having a Celibate/ monks. Celibacy sexual relationship Witan The Royal EVER. If you Council – the are celibate you only group that have no could declare a children. king. New Words: How England Began #7 New Words: How England Began #8 Key Term Definition Image Key Term Definition Image Berserker A terrifying Fyrd An Anglo-Saxon Viking warrior. warrior recruited They fought in from local counties. Mostly a trance-like untrained fury. peasants & An Anglo-Saxon farmers without Shield proper weapons or Wall and Viking armour. method of defence where A well trained Housecarl Anglo-Saxon shields were soldier. There interlinked to were about 3000 create a wall. of these in 1066. Hostages Someone who is kidnapped and A professional Infantry trained soldier on held for a foot. Armed with ransom (money) a sword, spear and or for leverage. shield. Some were trained archers. Stamford In Yorkshire. A Bridge over A well trained and Bridge Cavalry armed Norman the River soldier mounted Derwent where on a horse. These Godwinson were knights who defeated carried swords Hadrada. and clubs / maces. New Words: How England Began #9 Key Term Definition Image A trick used in Feint battle to make the enemy think you are going to do something different. Violently robbing a Pillage place, especially during war time. The Normans pillaged the area around Pevensey when they invaded. The best known port Pevensey on the south coast of England. This is where William landed when he invaded England. A town on the south Hastings coast of England, east of Pevensey. This is where William and Harold battled for the throne..

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The Vikings Chapter

Unit 1 The European and Mediterranean world The Vikings In the late 8th century CE, Norse people (those from the North) began an era of raids and violence. For the next 200 years, these sea voyagers were feared by people beyond their Scandinavian homelands as erce plunderers who made lightning raids in warships. Monasteries and towns were ransacked, and countless people were killed or taken prisoner. This behaviour earned Norse people the title Vikingr, most probably meaning ‘pirate’ in early Scandinavian languages. By around 1000 CE, however, Vikings began settling in many of the places they had formerly raided. Some Viking leaders were given areas of land by foreign rulers in exchange for promises to stop the raids. Around this time, most Vikings stopped worshipping Norse gods and became Christians. 9A 9B How was Viking society What developments led to organised? Viking expansion? 1 Viking men spent much of their time away from 1 Before the 8th century the Vikings only ventured home, raiding towns and villages in foreign outside their homelands in order to trade. From the lands. How do you think this might have affected late 8th century onwards, however, they changed women’s roles within Viking society? from honest traders into violent raiders. What do you think may have motivated the Vikings to change in this way? 226 oxford big ideas humanities 8 victorian curriculum 09_OBI_HUMS8_VIC_07370_TXT_SI.indd 226 22/09/2016 8:43 am chapter Source 1 A Viking helmet 9 9C What developments led to How did Viking conquests Viking expansion? change societies? 1 Before the 8th century the Vikings only ventured 1 Christian monks, who were often the target of Viking outside their homelands in order to trade.
Anglo- Saxon England and the Norman Conquest, 1060-1066

1.1 Anglo- Saxon society Key topic 1: Anglo- Saxon England and 1.2 The last years of Edward the Confessor and the succession crisis the Norman Conquest, 1060-1066 1.3 The rival claimants for the throne 1.4 The Norman invasion The first key topic is focused on the final years of Anglo-Saxon England, covering its political, social and economic make-up, as well as the dramatic events of 1066. While the popular view is often of a barbarous Dark-Ages kingdom, students should recognise that in reality Anglo-Saxon England was prosperous and well governed. They should understand that society was characterised by a hierarchical system of government and they should appreciate the influence of the Church. They should also be aware that while Edward the Confessor was pious and respected, real power in the 1060s lay with the Godwin family and in particular Earl Harold of Wessex. Students should understand events leading up to the death of Edward the Confessor in 1066: Harold Godwinson’s succession as Earl of Wessex on his father’s death in 1053 inheriting the richest earldom in England; his embassy to Normandy and the claims of disputed Norman sources that he pledged allegiance to Duke William; his exiling of his brother Tostig, removing a rival to the throne. Harold’s powerful rival claimants – William of Normandy, Harald Hardrada and Edgar – and their motives should also be covered. Students should understand the range of causes of Harold’s eventual defeat, including the superior generalship of his opponent, Duke William of Normandy, the respective quality of the two armies and Harold’s own mistakes.
The-Vikings-Teachers-Information-Pack.Pdf

Teacher’s Information Pack produced by the Learning and Visitor Services Department, Tatton Park, Knutsford, WA16 6QN. www.tattonpark.org.uk Page 1 of 26 Contents Page(s) The Age of the Vikings 3 - 5 Famous Vikings (including Ivarr the Boneless) 6 - 7 Viking Costume 8 Viking Ships 9 Viking Gods 10 - 12 Viking Food 13 - 14 Useful books and websites 15 Appendix 1 – Ivarr the Boneless Lesson Plan 16 - 17 Appendix 2 – Viking Runes 18 Appendix 3 – Colouring Sheets 19 - 20 Appendix 4 – Wordsearch 21 Page 2 of 26 Page 3 of 26 The Age of the Vikings From the eighth to the eleventh centuries, Scandinavians, mostly Danes and Norwegians, figure prominently in the history of Western Europe as raiders, conquerors, and colonists. They plundered extensively in the British Isles and France and even attacked as far south as Spain, Portugal and North Africa. In the ninth century they gained control of Orkney, Shetland and most of the Hebrides, conquered a large part of England and established bases on the Irish coast from which they launched attacks within Ireland and across the Irish Sea. Men and women from west Scandinavia emigrated to settle, not only in the parts of the British Isles that were then under Scandinavian control, but also in the Faeroes and Iceland, which had previously been uninhabited. In the last years of the tenth century they also began to colonize Greenland, and explored North America, but without establishing a permanent settlement there. The Scandinavian assault on Western Europe culminated in the early eleventh century with the Danish conquest of the English kingdom, an achievement that other Scandinavian kings attempted to repeat later in the century, but without success.
A Viking-Age Settlement in the Hinterland of Hedeby Tobias Schade

L. Holmquist, S. Kalmring & C. Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.), New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17-20th 2013. Theses and Papers in Archaeology B THESES AND PAPERS IN ARCHAEOLOGY B New Aspects on Viking-age Urbanism, c. 750-1100 AD. Proceedings of the International Symposium at the Swedish History Museum, April 17–20th 2013 Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson (eds.) Contents Introduction Sigtuna: royal site and Christian town and the Lena Holmquist, Sven Kalmring & regional perspective, c. 980-1100 Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson.....................................4 Sten Tesch................................................................107 Sigtuna and excavations at the Urmakaren Early northern towns as special economic and Trädgårdsmästaren sites zones Jonas Ros.................................................................133 Sven Kalmring............................................................7 No Kingdom without a town. Anund Olofs- Spaces and places of the urban settlement of son’s policy for national independence and its Birka materiality Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson...................................16 Rune Edberg............................................................145 Birka’s defence works and harbour - linking The Schleswig waterfront - a place of major one recently ended and one newly begun significance for the emergence of the town? research project Felix Rösch..........................................................153
Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University

East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2019 Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia Michael David Lawson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, Cultural History Commons, Disability Studies Commons, European History Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Folklore Commons, History of Religion Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Medieval History Commons, Medieval Studies Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lawson, Michael David, "Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia" (2019). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 3538. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3538 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Children of a One-Eyed God: Impairment in the Myth and Memory of Medieval Scandinavia ————— A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University ————— In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
Signs and Symbols Represented in Germanic, Particularly Early Scandinavian, Iconography Between the Migration Period and the End of the Viking Age

Signs and symbols represented in Germanic, particularly early Scandinavian, iconography between the Migration Period and the end of the Viking Age Peter R. Hupfauf Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Sydney, 2003 Preface After the Middle Ages, artists in European cultures concentrated predominantly on real- istic interpretations of events and issues and on documentation of the world. From the Renaissance onwards, artists developed techniques of illusion (e.g. perspective) and high levels of sophistication to embed messages within decorative elaborations. This develop- ment reached its peak in nineteenth century Classicism and Realism. A Fine Art interest in ‘Nordic Antiquity’, which emerged during the Romantic movement, was usually expressed in a Renaissance manner, representing heroic attitudes by copying Classical Antiquity. A group of nineteenth-century artists, including Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Holman Hunt and Everett Millais founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. John Ruskin, who taught aesthetic theory at Oxford, became an associate and public defender of the group. The members of this group appreciated the symbolism and iconography of the Gothic period. Rossetti worked together with Edward Burne-Jones and William Morris. Morris was a great admirer of early Scandinavian cultures, and his ideas were extremely influential for the development of the English Craft Movement, which originated from Pre-Raphaelite ideology. Abstraction, which developed during the early twentieth century, attempted to communicate more directly with emotion rather then with the intellect. Many of the early abstract artists (Picasso is probably the best known) found inspiration in tribal artefacts. However, according to Rubin (1984), some nineteenth-century primitivist painters appreciated pre-Renaissance European styles for their simplicity and sincerity – they saw value in the absence of complex devices of illusio-nist lighting and perspective.
The Arms and Armour of 1066

Suitable for ages 11-16 KS3 & KS4 History KS3 & KS4 English The Arms and Armour of 1066 The year 1066 is famous for changing the course of English history. The death of Edward I, also known as Edward the Confessor, caused a succession crisis. Three contenders would ﬁght for the English crown and the right to rule the country. ° Harold Godwinson of Saxon England ° Harald Hardrada of Norway ° William the Duke of Normandy All three believed they had a right to the English throne. In order to ﬁght for the crown they needed armies with weapons, armour and battle tactics. The ensuing epic battles of Fulford, Stamford Bridge and Hastings have earned their place in the history books, and led to William Duke of Normandy becoming King of England. Let’s focus on the Battle of Hastings and have a look at the weapons and armour the warriors used nearly 1,000 years ago. Additional resources Watch a video all about the arms and armour of 1066 on our YouTube channel. Arms & Armour of 1066 / © Royal Armouries / April 2020 / 1/5 The Saxons Axes Types of Saxon warriors Axes were a very common weapon in Europe at that time. Saxon Housecarls are often depicted armed with axes on the Bayeux Tapestry, and the Viking warriors of Hardrada’s army would certainly have wielded them too. This axe head, from our collection, is possibly of Viking origin. These weapons caused a huge amount of damage and injury. The axe head would be mounted on a long handle, between 1.5 and 2 metres in length.
Champions of Midgard Valhalla Rules.Pdf

A Game by Ole Steiness An expansion for Champions of Midgard valhallaValhalla In Valhalla, fallen warriors led by the Valkyries fight alongside Odin and feast with Freyja for all eternity. Nothing is more glorious to a fallen Viking warrior than entering the halls of Valhalla. At Odin’s side and in Freyja’s field, death doesn’t seem so bad. In this expansion for Champions of Midgard, players earn sacrifice tokens for the deaths of their warriors. These sacrifices turn into opportunities for the living in the form of powerful blessings and stronger warriors ready to join your clan and aid you in your quest for glory! By defeating epic monsters in the afterlife and using the blessings of the Valkyrie, you will discover even more ways to gain glory in Midgard. Components 10 Berserker Dice 5 Leader Dice 10 Shieldwarrior Dice 1 Valhalla Board 2 Leader Boards 5 Destiny Cards 110 Sacrifice Tokens 20 Swordsmen 20 Spearmen 20 Axemen 20 Bowmen 15 Shieldwarriors 15 Berserkers 5 Burial Ground Tiles 9 Leader Ability Boards 36 Valkyrie Blessing Cards 2 Rune Cards 9 Epic Monster Cards 1 Market Stall Tile 1 Military (Trainer) 3 Champions of Midgard: Valhalla requires some additional setup from the base game version of Champions of Midgard. The setup instructions which follow are in addition to the normal setup instructions for Champions of Midgard which should still be followed precisely unless noted otherwise. Additionally, if you are playing with both the Dark Mountains and the Valhalla expansions, you should follow both sets of setup instructions in their entirety.
The Vikings and Their Victims: the Verdict of the Names

THE VIKINGS AND THEIR VICTIMS: THE VERDICT OF THE NAMES By GILLIAN FELLOWS-JENSEN READER IN NAME STUDIES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN The Dorothea Coke Memorial Lecture in Northern Studies delivered at University College London 21 February 1994 PUBLISHED FOR THE COLLEGE BY THE VIKING SOCIETY FOR NORTHERN RESEARCH LONDON © UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON 1995 REPRINTED IN THE UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 1998 ISBN: 0 903521 39 3 THE VIKINGS AND THEIR VICTIMS: THE VERDICT OF THE NAMES N the Dorothea Coke memorial lecture delivered in 1986, Professor R. I. Page, that silver-haired master of silver- I tongued vituperation, had to admit that he had been at a loss as to how to translate without resort to obscenity one of the many more or less obscene descriptions employed by the late tenth- century English chronicler Æthelweard of the late ninth-century Viking invaders.1 The rather colourless result arrived at: A most vile people, was included in the title of his lecture on the radi- cally differing views about the Vikings that were held by early historians. It is not, of course, surprising that the victims of Viking attacks considered their aggressors to be pagan barbarians, capable of every kind of deed of shame, nor that inscriptions on rune- stones in Scandinavia raised to the memory of Vikings who had died in action in the west praise the dead men as models of valour, liberality and loyalty. Among the many inscriptions commemorating Swedes who died in England discussed by Professor Sven B. F. Jansson in his Dorothea Coke memorial lecture in 1965, for example, is that on the stone at Transjö in Småland, which was raised in the eleventh century by Gaut to his son Ketil, who is said to have been ‘among men the most un-dastard’ (SRSm 5).2 Ketil’s English enemies may not have shared the opinion of his father but there certainly were Englishmen in the eleventh century who 1 R.
The Legacy of the Berserker 1

John Colarusso: The Legacy of the Berserker 1 The Legacy of the Berserker JOHN COLARUSSO McMaster University, Canada Abstract: The Norse saga of King Hrolf Kraki provides us with the only account of berserkers, (bear shirts), that shows them acting in a realistic court setting. When they appear at the king’s court, returning from a season of raiding, they display hostility and contempt toward all present, even King Hrolf. Curiously the king fails to take offense. The best explanation for his equanimity is that this berserker display is merely one of ritual hostility intended to reinforce the status of the berserker and to ensure his separation from any other warriors of more normal character. Certainly, this behavior must have seemed odd to later bards whose task it was to relate the old tales in a fashion that lent to them a narrative coherence. This old ritual behavior seems to have been reinterpreted in at least two ways. First, berserkers fought alone. It simply was not safe to fight in concert with a berserker, because in his frenzy he would fail to distinguish friend from foe. The habitual lone fighter is a later reworking of this old berserker feature. Such lone fighters are found in Slavic (Igor Monomakh), Celtic (Cú Chulainn), and Greek (Herakles, Ajax the Greater). Second, the berserker aloofness founded upon hostility may serve to explain some puzzling animosities and withdrawals in heroic lore. In Germanic one has the unmotivated hostility of Hrothgar’s apparent bodyguard, Unferth, toward Beowulf. In Iranian one has the odd hostility of the Nart band toward its leader (Sosruquo or Pataraz).
Warriors of Odin: Fighting for a God Before Militia Christi in Medieval Scandinavia Victor Barabino

Warriors of Odin: Fighting for A God Before Militia Christi in Medieval Scandinavia Victor Barabino To cite this version: Victor Barabino. Warriors of Odin: Fighting for A God Before Militia Christi in Medieval Scandinavia. Haskoli Islands Student Conference 2021 on the medieval north, Apr 2021, Reykjavik, Iceland. hal- 03216123 HAL Id: hal-03216123 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03216123 Submitted on 3 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. HÁSKÓLI ÍSLANDS STUDENT CONFERENCE ON THE MEDIEVAL NORTH April 15th – 17th 2021 Warriors of Odin: Fighting for A God Before Militia Christi in Medieval Scandinavia Victor Barabino, CRAHAM – Université de Caen Normandie Did Scandinavian warriors of the Middle Ages perceive themselves as servants of the pagan gods the way Christian crusaders saw themselves as milites Christi? On this poster, I wish to present results of my research on the evolution of the warrior-god relationship at the turn of Christianization in Scandinavia (10th-13th c.). The paper focuses on the main pagan god associated with war, i.e. Odin, and explores three main aspects of his relationship with pagan warriors. I will first study the figure of Odin as a war chieftain who gives orders to attack, advises warriors with military tactics and has his own specific war strategies.
The Influence of Old Norse on English

The influence of Old Norse on English Kapetanović, Nataša Undergraduate thesis / Završni rad 2018 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:142:100977 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-29 Repository / Repozitorij: FFOS-repository - Repository of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Osijek Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Osijek Studij: Preddiplomski studij Engleskog i njemačkog jezika i književnosti Nataša Kapetanović The influence of Old Norse on English Završni rad Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Mario Brdar Osijek, 2018. Sveučilište J.J. Strossmayera u Osijeku Filozofski fakultet Osijek Odsjek za engleski jezik i književnost Studij: Preddiplomski studij Engleskog i njemačkog jezika i književnosti Nataša Kapetanović The influence of Old Norse on English Završni rad Znanstveno područje: humanističke znanosti Znanstveno polje: filologija Znanstvena grana: anglistika Mentor: prof. dr. sc. Mario Brdar Osijek, 2018. J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Study Programme: Double Major BA Study Programme in English Language and Literature and German Language and Literature Nataša Kapetanović The influence of Old Norse on English Bachelor’s Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Mario Brdar, Full Professor Osijek, 2018 J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Department of English Study Programme: Double Major BA Study Programme in English Language and Literature and German Language and Literature Nataša Kapetanović The influence of Old Norse on English Bachelor’s Thesis Scientific area: humanities Scientific field: philology Scientific branch: English studies Supervisor: Dr.