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Handbook for Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page i HANDBOOK FOR BRUNNER & SUDDARTH’S Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing TWELFTH EDITION LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page ii Acquisitions Editor: Hilarie Surrena Product Director: Renee Gagliardi Vendor Manager: Cindy Rudy Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Senior Manufacturing Manager: William Alberti Compositor: Aptara, Inc. 12th Edition Copyright © 2010 by Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Copyright © 2008, 2004, 2000 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without prior written permission of the publisher, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews and testing and evaluation materials provided by publisher to instructors whose schools have adopted its accompanying textbook. Printed in the United States of America. For information write Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. Government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. —12th ed. p. ; cm. Rev. ed. of: Handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing / Joyce Young Johnson. 11th ed. c2008. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-7817-8592-1 1. Nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Surgical nursing—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Johnson, Joyce Young. Handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. II. Title: Textbook of medical-surgical nursing. III. Title: Handbook for Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing. [DNLM: 1. Nursing Care—Handbooks. 2. Perioperative Nursing— Handbooks. WY 49 H2326 2010] RT41.J56 2010 617'.0231—dc22 2009028731 ISBN-13: 978-0-7817-8592-1 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not respon- sible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the content of the publication. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selec- tion and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with the current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly impor- tant when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in his or her clinical practice. LWW.com LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page iii Preface This Handbook for Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical- Surgical Nursing, 12th edition, is a comprehensive yet concise clinical reference designed for use by nursing students and pro- fessionals. Perfect for use across multiple health care settings, the Handbook presents need-to-know information on nearly 200 commonly encountered diseases and disorders. The easy- to-use, colorful, consistent, and alphabetized outline format enables readers to gain quick access to vital information on • Disease (Pathophysiology) • Clinical Manifestations • Assessment and Diagnostic Methods • Medical, Surgical, and Pharmacologic Management • Nursing Management according to the Nursing Process For readers requiring more in-depth information, the Handbook is completely cross-referenced to chapters in Brun- ner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 12th edi- tion. Special Features The Handbook places special emphasis on home- and com- munity-based nursing practice, patient education, and expected outcomes of care. Additional features include the following: Gerontologic Considerations—Thumbnail descriptions and interventions related to the care of the older adult population, whose health care needs continue to expand at a rapid rate. Nursing Alerts—Instant notes focused on priority care issues and hazardous or potentially life-threatening situations. iii LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page iv iv Preface Selected tables and boxes—At-a-glance presentations of addi- tional diseases, disorders, measurements, and the like. Up-to-date appendices for use in clinicals, on the unit, and at home or in the community. These include the following: • Important lab values • Current nursing diagnoses • Acronyms and abbreviations LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page v Contents A Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV Infection) . 1 Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction . 17 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome . 22 Addison’s Disease (Adrenocortical Insufficiency) . 25 Alzheimer’s Disease . 28 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis . 33 Anaphylaxis . 35 Anemia . 37 Anemia, Aplastic . 41 Anemia, Iron Deficiency . 43 Anemia, Megaloblastic (Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency) . 45 Anemia, Sickle Cell . 48 Aneurysm, Aortic . 54 Aneurysm, Intracranial . 57 Angina Pectoris . 62 Aortic Insufficiency (Regurgitation) . 66 Aortic Stenosis . 68 Appendicitis . 69 Arterial Embolism and Arterial Thrombosis . 71 Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis . 73 Arthritis, Rheumatoid . 74 Asthma . 80 Asthma: Status Asthmaticus . 82 B Back Pain, Low . 85 Bell’s Palsy . 88 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatectomy . 90 Bone Tumors . 92 v LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page vi vi Contents Bowel Obstruction, Large . 96 Bowel Obstruction, Small . 97 Brain Abscess . 99 Brain Tumors . 100 Bronchiectasis . 104 Bronchitis, Chronic . 105 Buerger’s Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans) . 106 Burn Injury . 108 C Cancer . 121 Cancer of the Bladder . 136 Cancer of the Breast . 138 Cancer of the Cervix . 147 Cancer of the Colon and Rectum (Colorectal Cancer) . 151 Cancer of the Endometrium . 158 Cancer of the Esophagus . 159 Cancer of the Kidneys (Renal Tumors) . 161 Cancer of the Larynx . 164 Cancer of the Liver . 171 Cancer of the Lung (Bronchogenic Carcinoma) . 175 Cancer of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx . 178 Cancer of the Ovary . 180 Cancer of the Pancreas . 181 Cancer of the Prostate . 184 Cancer of the Skin (Malignant Melanoma) . 191 Cancer of the Stomach (Gastric Cancer) . 196 Cancer of the Testis . 200 Cancer of the Thyroid . 202 Cancer of the Vagina . 203 Cancer of the Vulva . 204 Cardiac Arrest . 207 Cardiomyopathies . 208 Cataract . 213 Cerebral Vascular Accident (Ischemic Stroke) . 214 Cholelithiasis (and Cholecystitis) . 225 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) . 231 Cirrhosis, Hepatic . 235 Constipation . 238 Contact Dermatitis . 240 Coronary Atherosclerosis and CAD . 241 LWBK397-FM_pi-x.qxd 9/1/09 12:11 PM Page vii Contents vii Cushing Syndrome . 243 Cystitis (Lower UTI) . 249 D Diabetes Insipidus . 253 Diabetes Mellitus . 255 Diabetic Ketoacidosis . 264 Diarrhea . 269 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation . 272 Diverticular Disease . 275 E Emphysema, Pulmonary . 280 Empyema . 281 Endocarditis, Infective . 282 Endocarditis, Rheumatic . 285 Endometriosis . 286 Epididymitis . 288 Epilepsies . 290 Epistaxis (Nosebleed) . 296 Esophageal Varices, Bleeding . 297 Exfoliative Dermatitis . 300 F Fractures . 302 G Gastritis . 313 Glaucoma . 316 Glomerulonephritis, Chronic . 319 Gout . ..
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