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Giant Planet Dynamical Evolution in Binary Star Systems Institutional Repository - Research Portal Dépôt Institutionnel - Portail de la Recherche University of Namurresearchportal.unamur.be THESIS / THÈSE DOCTOR OF SCIENCES Giant planet dynamical evolution in binary star systems Author(s) - Auteur(s) : ROISIN, Arnaud Award date: 2021 Awarding institution: University of Namur Supervisor - Co-Supervisor / Promoteur - Co-Promoteur : Link to publication Publication date - Date de publication : Permanent link - Permalien : Rights / License - Licence de droit d’auteur : General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? 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BibliothèqueDownload date: Universitaire 28. sept.. 2021 Moretus Plantin UNIVERSITY OF NAMUR FACULTY OF SCIENCES NAXYS RESEARCH INSTITUTE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS Giant planet dynamical evolution in binary star systems Thesis presented by Arnaud Roisin for the title of Doctor of Science Composition of the Jury: Aurélien CRIDA Anne LEMAITRE (President of the Jury) Anne-Sophie LIBERT (Advisor) Sean RAYMOND Jean TEYSSANDIER Kleomenis TSIGANIS June 2021 Cover design: ©Presses universitaires de Namur ©Presses universitaires de Namur & Arnaud Roisin Rue Grandgagnage, 19 B-5000 Namur (Belgium) Cover picture: Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech Reproduction of this book or any parts thereof, is strictly forbidden for all countries, outside the restrictive limits of the law, whatever the process, and notably photocopies or scanning. Printed in Belgium. ISBN: 978-2-39029-146-6 Registration of copyright: D/2021/1881/15 University of Namur Faculty of Sciences Rue de Bruxelles, 61 B-5000 Namur (Belgium) Giant planet dynamical evolution in binary star systems by Arnaud Roisin Abstract: The growing population of planets discovered in orbit around one stellar component of a binary system has diverse eccentricities. These discov- eries raise the question of their formation and long-term evolution because the stellar companion can strongly affect the planet formation process. In this work, by means of a symplectic integrator designed for binary star systems, we study the dynamical influence of a wide binary companion on the evolution of giant planets during their migration in the protoplanetary disk and their long-term evolution after the dispersal of the disk. In particular, we highlight the importance of the Lidov-Kozai resonance for highly inclined binary com- panions. In the first part, the effects of the disk gravitational potential and the disk nodal precession induced by the binary companion are discussed. In the second part, the mean motion resonance captures of the planets during the migration phase are studied. We finally show how our work can explain several features of the detected circumprimary planets, such as the high eccentricities and the spin-orbit misalignment. Evolution dynamique des planètes géantes dans les étoiles binaires par Arnaud Roisin Résumé : De plus en plus de planètes évoluant autour d’une étoile d’un sys- tème binaire sont découvertes, la plupart d’entre elles avec des excentricités très variées. Ces découvertes soulèvent la question de la formation et de l’évolution à long terme de ces planètes car le companion stellaire peut fortement influencer le processus de formation. Dans ce travail, au moyen d’un intégrateur symplec- tique développé pour les systèmes binaires, nous étudions l’influence dynamique d’un companion binaire éloigné sur l’évolution de planètes géantes durant leur migration dans le disque protoplanétaire et leur évolution à long terme après la dissipation du disque. En particulier, nous soulignons l’importance de la résonance de Lidov-Kozai pour les companions binaires très inclinés. Dans la première partie, les effets du potentiel gravitationnel et de la précession nodale du disque induite par le companion binaire sont discutés. Dans la deuxième par- tie, les captures en résonance en moyen mouvement des planètes pendant leur phase de migration sont étudiées. Nous montrons finalement comment notre travail peut expliquer plusieurs caractéristiques des planètes circumprimaires détectées, telles que leurs excentricités élevées et le désalignement spin-orbite. Ph.D. thesis in Mathematics Date: 28/06/2021 naXys Research Institute, Department of Mathematics Advisor: Anne-Sophie Libert ”Does the flap of a butterfly’s wings in Brazil set off a tornado in Texas?” EDWARD LORENZ, 1972. Remerciements Voici venu le moment d’ajouter la touche finale à ce travail. Ces quelques lignes me permettront d’exprimer ma gratitude envers toutes les personnes qui m’ont fait grandir et ont permis à ce manuscrit d’être ce qu’il est aujourd’hui. Au moment de me plonger dans cette rétrospective, j’espère n’oublier personne. Je ne pensais pas en arriver là. En particulier, il y a deux ans lorsqu’au sommet du découragement, j’exprime à ma promotrice, Anne-Sophie Libert, mon hésitation à demander mon renouvellement permettant la poursuite de mon doctorat. Ce jour-là, ses mots sont parvenus à me remotiver et à me re- donner confiance. Je souhaite la remercier pour son implication dans ma thèse, ses conseils avisés, ses encouragements, ses nombreuses relectures, sa patience, sa gentillesse, sa disponibilité et sa capacité à me focaliser sur les éléments essentiels afin d’éviter les dispersions. Sans elle, ce manuscrit n’existerait pas et ne serait pas ce qu’il est aujourd’hui. Dans un second temps, je souhaite remercier les membres du jury ayant évalué ce travail. Je pense tout d’abord à Kleomenis Tsiganis, à ses conseils avisés et à sa bienveillance lors de nos discussions. Son équipe et lui-même m’ont accueilli à bras ouverts à Thessalonique pour un stage inoubliable dans le cadre de mon master. Ma gratitude va également à Jean Teyssandier pour notre collaboration ayant débouché sur une publication, ses remarques judi- cieuses et l’ensemble des réponses qu’il a apportées à mes nombreuses ques- tions. Il a fait preuve de patience et de pédagogie à mon égard. Je souhaite remercier Anne Lemaître d’avoir accepté de présider le jury ainsi que pour ses remarques constructives et l’ensemble des fautes de frappe qu’elle a identifiées. Ses encouragements et ses mots chaleureux le jour de la présentation privée m’ont déstressé. Je suis également reconnaissant à Aurélien Crida d’avoir ac- cepté de faire partie de mon comité d’accompagnement, pour les discussions lors de nos différentes rencontres et pour l’ensemble de ses remarques avisées. vii viii Remerciements Enfin, je tiens à remercier Sean Raymond d’avoir accepté d’évaluer ma thèse ainsi que pour ses commentaires pertinents. Sa passion lors de ses présentations en summer school pousse à aimer la science et l’astronomie. J’exprime ma reconnaissance à Sotiris Sotiriadis pour nos discussions sur SyMBA, pour le partage de son travail et pour ses réponses à mes innombrables questions. Il a toujours répondu avec beaucoup de patience et de gentillesse. Je pense également à ma fructueuse et agréable collaboration avec Mara Volpi ayant engendré une publication comme point d’orgue. Par ailleurs, j’ai éprouvé un réel plaisir à voyager en sa compagnie dans le cadre de conférences ou de summer schools. Sa bonne humeur contagieuse rendait ces séjours par- ticulièrement agréables. Je ne peux regarder en arrière sans penser au département de mathématique de l’Université de Namur. Il y règne une réelle ambiance familiale où il fait bon vivre en l’absence d’épidémie! C’est toujours un plaisir de partager un moment avec un de ses membres au détour d’un couloir, à l’arsenal ou en salle café. Les secrétaires du département, Alice et Pascale, lui permettent de tourner rond et y facilitent la vie. Merci à Juan pour ses conseils, ses dépannages et son aide avec le cluster. Je ne peux remercier le département sans citer Morgane, Pauline, Julien, Jon, Jérémy, Martin, Alexis, Eve, Ambi, Delphine, Anthony, Riccardo, Manon, François et Joanna avec qui j’ai passé de merveilleux moments que ce soit lors des repas à l’arsenal, des belottes ou lors des soirées lorsqu’elles étaient encore permises! Je pense également à ma famille et en particulier à mes parents, ma grand- mère, mon frère et Mélanie qui m’ont toujours soutenu et poussé à donner le meilleur de moi-même. Leur présence est un point d’ancrage dans ma vie. Il en va de même pour l’ensemble de mes amis, en particulier Guillaume, Alex, Alice, Sam, Marie, Emilie et Gaëtan qui m’ont permis de passer des moments de détente, de décompresser et de profiter de la vie en oubliant un peu le travail. Merci à Christine et Didier pour le cadre de travail agréable lors du confinement et la relecture de dernière minute. Une pensée particulière également pour Nicolas avec qui j’ai eu la chance de partager mon bureau. J’ai éprouvé un réel plaisir lors de nos discussions, il a toujours le mot pour rire, un regard avisé sur le sport et une bonne humeur communicative. Enfin, je remercie Candy pour son soutien, pour l’acceptation de mes longues soirées et nuits de travail l’ayant laissée seule, pour les moments de rire, pour notre complicité, pour tout ce qu’elle est. Sans elle, je ne serais pas aussi épanoui et je n’aurais pas pu arriver jusqu’ici avec sérénité.
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