TulalipCares.org

Tulalip Charitable Contributions Funds Distribution Report

NAME OF AGENCY: The Literacy Fund, a component of The Foundation and Newspapers In Education (NIE) ADDRESS: 1000 Denny Way, Seattle, WA 98109 CONTACT: (206) 652-6342; http://www.seattletimes.com/nie

GENERAL GOALS: Newspapers In Education (NIE) promotes learning and literacy by providing electronic newspapers with sponsored curriculum to teachers and students throughout state and beyond.

SPECIFIC USE FOR THIS AWARD: Through contributions from organizations such as yours we are able to provide educational materials to nearly 1,000 educators and over 40,000 students throughout Washington State and beyond. We look forward to a continued relationship with the Tribes Charitable Fund.

For more information, please see the attached report from Newspapers In Education.

disclaimer: These reports are at times summaries of content provided by the recipient, not always complete quoted material.

SINCE TIME IMMEMORIAL: TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY IN WASHINGTON STATE

In partnership with Images courtesy of (top left) Denny Hurtado, (middle left, top right and bottom left) washingtontribes.org, (bottom middle) Suquamish Tribe Communications Office, (bottom right) Denny Hurtado. TRIBAL HOMELANDS AND THE FIRST NATIONS OF by Carol Craig, Yakama and Shana Brown, Yakama descendant

If you were born and raised in They are the Suquamish and they wanted one town or city, then you might Snoqualmie, the Spokane and to travel know it as your ‘homeland.’ the Skokomish. There are many to another You might consider this your other tribes here in Washington tribal nation. ‘homeland’ because it is where state and each is a separate However, there your school is, where your friends nation. Their nations may be were rules are, and where family works much smaller than the United for entering and plays. States, but still they have another’s their sovereign lands and the homeland that And your family might call the responsibility to take care of the everyone was other countries where your land and its people. expected to ancestors came from your follow and homelands, too. A long time ago, probably respect. when your great- great- great- This is closer to what tribal great-grandparents were alive, When non- people consider their homelands, people traveled to this continent Indian people United States Constitution calls but there are still differences that and knew there were other got to the Northwest, they treaties “the supreme law of the make tribal homelands different people already living here. wanted to be able to live on land.” from other the tribal homelands of these cultures’. nations, so they made promises Tribal people gave up large Here, you and agreements with many of the parts of their original homelands will learn tribes. The written agreements, in the agreements, but they about these known as treaties, had everyone’s wanted to continue to fish, differences. signature on them to prove hunt and gather their foods that they all agreed. For on the original homelands We might given to them by The Creator. think of a example, in exchange for millions of acres of land, local Everyone agreed that tribes nation as could continue their traditional being a lot tribes received promises of education, healthcare and other fishing, hunting and gathering on bigger and their original homelands, even maybe far things that the U.S. Government would provide forever. These if it was off their newly-created across the reservations. Everyone accepted sea. Each lands, much smaller than their original homelands, and in that tribes could continue the nation has traditions they had kept since different some cases, far away from their original homelands, are known as time immemorial, or since the languages, beginning of time. religions, customs and holidays The newcomers did not realize reservations. at first that the indigenous tribes Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content In Education Newspapers Sponsored from our own. Some people Whenever the United States These treaties also said the find it hard to believe that such had societies just as organized tribal people could continue as their own. There were more signs a treaty with another nations are right here in the nation, like England, Russia or speaking their own language, United States, but they are here. than 34 different language keep their own religions, keep groups in the Northwest. Each the , the treaty In what is now called Washington becomes the law that tells the their traditions and cultures and state, there are over 29 federally tribe had its own homeland and continue using their own tribal borders, so each also had its nations how to treat each other. recognized Indian tribes or Any other laws they make cannot laws. nations, each with its own own government, laws, religion, economy and traditions. Tribes break any of the promises that Today we know this as tribal government, citizens, laws and were made in the treaties. The traditions. did not have passports when sovereignty, and it allows SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 | 8, 2015 NOVEMBER SUNDAY,

2 CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING 6. When tribes agreed to move to smaller 1. What makes tribal homelands different reservations, they (circle one) kept/gave from your own community, town, or city? up their rights to hunt, fish, and gather on traditional hunting, fishing and gathering grounds that were off their 2. Treaties are the most important, or reservations. , law of the land, according to the U.S. Constitution. 7. List the tribe(s) that live in your area:

3. Tribes are guaranteed , , or the ability to make their own laws, for their own governments, and 8. True or False: practice their own traditions and lifeways. The United States deals with tribes in Washington state much like they 4. Tribes gave up a lot of their homelands do with any foreign country. so that non-Indians could live here, too. Now, most tribal homelands are on .

5. Tribes believe they were created here and have been here since the beginning of time, or since , Answers are available at http://nie.seattletimes.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2015/11/ . SinceTimeImmemorialpages2-3answerkey_11-08-15_guide.pdf Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content today’s tribal people the ability call God) gave them this land While tribes may call this sacred different tribes. In fact, Seattle to continue their lifeways, or to live on, they also believe responsibility and trust different has the largest population of to live the way they want to. that The Creator’s gift comes things, the belief is the same: Indian people in the state! Tribal This might seem much like with their sacred promise and Tribes need to make sure that people who live in big cities work how your family lives in your responsibility to take care of the their natural resources are not to create their own communities own community, but there is land, its resources, and all its just here for them today, but for to keep their traditions alive, just an important difference. Since creatures. Some plateau tribes, their great- great- great- great like the many Asian and Pacific tribal people believe that The like the Umatilla, call this their grandchildren, too. That means Islanders who live in Seattle’s Creator (who many people covenant with The Creator. tribal people are looking 140 or International District. more years into the future when making decisions on how to The tribal nations themselves care for their people and their also have their own museums homelands today! and organizations to educate |

everyone--Indians and non- SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 But just like not all Canadians Indians-- about their traditions, live in Canada, and not all governments and hopes for their Chinese live in China, there are futures. Find the tribes in your many tribal people who choose area and discover their history, to live off their reservations. traditions, and how their tribal For example, living in the large sovereignty affects everyone in cities of Spokane and Seattle are Washington state... even you! many tribal people from many

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THE RIGHT TO FISH IN WASHINGTON

You’ve learned about tribal sovereignty and the importance of tribes’ rights to continue their life ways. One area in which tribal sovereignty has been challenged is fishing. The supply of fish, like the supply of land in Washington, is limited. Since the treaties of the 1850s, there has been a history of disputes over fishing rights between the tribes and the settlers. Review the key events leading up to the significant Boldt Decision of 1974.

1850s The U.S government made example, territory ceded by the 1968 President Lyndon Baines treaties with tribes of the Pacific three tribes. Fish wheels Johnson passed the Indian Civil Rights Northwest. Tribes granted the U.S. salmon were later banned Act, similar to the Bill of Rights in the government land while retaining canneries in Oregon in 1926 United States Constitution. The Indian certain rights like hunting, fishing, and were and Washington in Civil Rights Act, among other laws, gathering in their usual and accustomed established 1934 causing Seufert ensured that tribal governments respect stations. However, the language barriers in Puget Brothers Company to the basic, personal rights of both between the tribes and the non-natives Sound. seek fishing assistance Natives and non-Natives. were as such that the tribes were from tribal members. put at a disadvantage. The Treaty of 1905 Settlers Lineas and Audobon However, the amount 1970–1974 Following an arrest of Medicine Creek in 1854, for example, Winans who owned property on both of money the Seufert 60 people at a Tacoma fish-in, the was deemed so unfair that President sides of Columbia River acquired Brothers Company paid tribal members landmark trial of U.S. vs. Washington Franklin Pierce later granted the tribes licenses to operate four large fish for their fish was not always fair. began. Exercising its trust responsibility, an additional 4,700 acres in 1857. Over wheels that would prevent salmon from the U.S. government argued against the the next 100-plus years the tribes’ rights passing through them. The wheels 1960s As arguments over fishing state of Washington on behalf of the would continue to be challenged. made fish inaccessible to the tribes. rights continued, tribal people were tribes to secure treaty rights. The Winans’ also prohibited anyone often blamed for the dwindling fish 1887 In the U.S. vs. Taylor, the Yakama from crossing their land, barring fishing populations and so the laws which Feb. 12, 1974 Federal Judge George tribe filed access to the tribes. A trial court protected their rights to fish were Boldt issued a ruling entitling tribes a lawsuit decided that the Winans’ were allowed ignored. On some occasions, tribal in Western Washington 50 percent of because to ban others from their property, people, including women and children, the salmon catch, enabling the tribes settler even if the land had been guaranteed were chased, punched and tear-gassed to act as co-managers of the state in Frank Taylor by treaty for the tribes to use. Later, to prevent them from fishing. At the the harvesting of fish and protection of fenced off the decision was reversed by the U.S. same time, the Civil Rights movement salmon habitats. This decision forced

Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content In Education Newspapers Sponsored his land and Supreme Court, restoring the tribes’ swept across the United States. As the state of Washington to limit fishing prevented fishing rights. African Americans wanted equality, by non-Natives. This became known as Yakama access to fishing. In this so did the tribes. Tribal members the Boldt Decision. instance, the courts ruled that tribes 1914 Seufert Brothers Company, participated in freedom rides and had the rights to the land. an Oregon salmon cannery, tried to civil rights marches just as supporters June 24, 1974 A charter committee prevent Yakama Indians from fishing of other groups of people seeking composed of representatives from 1894 Over time, however, the tribes’ on Oregon-side of Columbia River recognition of rights did. Like the sit-ins Western tribes met to develop a rights were challenged with the near Celilo Falls. In U.S. vs. Seufert at lunch counters in the South, tribes Constitution for Northwest Indian arrival of advanced fishing technology Brothers Company, the U.S. expanded participated in fish-ins, when they fished Fisheries Commission. The Constitution and large fishing boats. In 1894, for hunting and fishing rights outside of and refused to leave when ordered. and bylaws were intended to develop SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 | 8, 2015 NOVEMBER SUNDAY,

4 1968 President Lyndon Baines fisheries reserved fishing rights on traditional met with much Johnson passed the Indian Civil Rights management locations off reservations had been lost controversy Act, similar to the Bill of Rights in the programs to commercial and sport fisherman. causing the United States Constitution. The Indian to protect After the Boldt Decision, non-Native Makah to look Civil Rights Act, among other laws, treaty rights, American commercial and sport internationally ensured that tribal governments respect track fishing, fisherman were limited in their ability to for support. the basic, personal rights of both create a fish. Tribes were then able to focus on In Russia Natives and non-Natives. forum, habitat protection and restoration. the Chukchi develop working relationships with indigenous people had a quota for 1970–1974 Following an arrest of agencies and non-Indians and improve The Makah Indian Nation whale catching. The Makah were 60 people at a Tacoma fish-in, the public understanding of A local effect essentially able to borrow from Russia’s landmark trial of U.S. vs. Washington fishing rights. of the Boldt whale-catching quota to continue Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content began. Exercising its trust responsibility, Decision whaling. On May 17, 1999, the Makah the U.S. government argued against the 1975 The Ninth Circuit Court of rippled within resumed whale hunting. This decision state of Washington on behalf of the Appeals upheld Judge Boldt’s ruling. the Makah both benefitted the Makah and was tribes to secure treaty rights. Indian Nation an inspiration of collaboration of July 2, 1979 The U.S. Supreme Court in Neah Bay, indigenous peoples. Feb. 12, 1974 Federal Judge George upheld the Boldt Decision ensuring that Washington. Boldt issued a ruling entitling tribes Native Americans, with the exception Within the Makah tribe, many songs, Tribes throughout the United States in Western Washington 50 percent of of severe conservation issues, could not dances, rituals and ceremonies centered also looked to the Boldt Decision the salmon catch, enabling the tribes be limited by the state as to where they on the whale hunt, making whaling an for inspiration. Both Michigan and to act as co-managers of the state in could fish. integral part of the Makah’s culture. Wisconsin tribes used the Boldt the harvesting of fish and protection of The Makah had also reserved the right Decision to establish co-management of salmon habitats. This decision forced The Significance of the Boldt Decision to hunt whales after the 1855 treaty of fisheries within state government. Even the state of Washington to limit fishing The effects of the Boldt Decision Neah Bay. However, this practice was tribes as far away as the Maori of New | by non-Natives. This became known as are widespread and long-lasting, continually threatened by commercial Zealand referred to the Boldt Decision SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 the Boldt Decision. with the overarching result being whalers. In 1946, an agreement by in their fisheries management. that tribes in Washington state were the International Whaling Commission June 24, 1974 A charter committee empowered with the tools to handle essentially made whaling illegal, composed of representatives from their affairs and act as co-managers of threatening the Makah’s way of life. Western tribes met to develop a salmon and other fish, as opposed to Beginning in 1994 when the gray whale Resources: historylink.org Constitution for Northwest Indian continually fighting for fishing rights was removed from the endangered makah.com/makah-tribal-info/whaling/ Fisheries Commission. The Constitution in isolated disagreements and trials. species list, the Makah planned to Artwork by Louie Gong (left, middle right and right) and bylaws were intended to develop The treaties of the 1850s that had resume whaling. Their decision was

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BUILDING RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TRIBES AND THE STATE You’ve learned the history of was signed by attending tribes relations and the contribution the lack of accurate and complete tribal sovereignty and fishing and the governor. The year also of Indian Nations to the State of curricula might contribute to rights. Did you know even in the marked the Washington state Washington to move us forward the achievement gap between last few decades, major changes centennial and Paddle to Seattle on the Centennial Accord’s American Indian/Native American/ have taken place which contribute that began the resurgence of the promise that, ‘The parties Alaskan Native students and non- to the public’s and Washington tribal journeys. recognize that implementation native students. Some legislators state’s public school students’ of this Accord will require a also believed that the Bill could understanding of Washington Ten years later, on Nov. 1, 2 and comprehensive educational effort not pass into law with the word tribes? As you follow these 3, 1999, a majority of leaders to promote understanding of “required” and suggested changes, think about how your from Washington state’s federally- the government-to-government the word to be changed to understanding of native peoples recognized tribes gathered again relationship within their own “encouraged.” has been impacted by changes in with the State of Washington governmental organizations the law. in Leavenworth, Washington and with the public.’” On April 28, 2005, House Bill to create the Millennium (Source: www.goia.wa.gov/ 1495 with the new language There are 29 federally recognized Agreement. The Millennium Government-to-Government/ was signed into law by then- tribes (and some tribes that are Agreement spelled out tangible Data/agreement.htm) Governor Christine Gregoire. currently unrecognized by the goals whereas the Centennial The new law established the federal government), each with Accord mainly outlined a way to Six years later House Bill 1495 was setting to create a curriculum its own government, citizens, laws work together and have mutual established to build government- about Washington’s tribal history, and traditions. Some tribes are respect. Those gathered desired to-government relationships culture and government. HB1495 comprised of distinct families, to strengthen relationships and between school boards and tribal brought about a memorandum communities, and tribal groups. cooperation on issues of mutual councils to teach about tribal of agreement between the Tribal concern between the signatory history. The original Bill read Leaders Congress on Education On Aug. 4, 1989 federally tribes and the state. One of the “Requiring that Washington’s (TLC), the Washington State recognized tribes within most significant effects of the tribal history be taught in the School Directors Association Washington state and the Millennium Agreement was the common schools.” (WSSDA), and the Office of governor of Washington state necessity of educating youth Superintendent of Public gathered to affirm, establish, about Washington tribes. During this same time the Instruction (OSPI). These three and improve government-to- legislators recognized that the groups worked together to create government relations between A major commitment established education commitment of the the Since Time Immemorial: the tribes and the state. The new between the tribes and the state 1999 Millennial Agreement had Tribal Sovereignty Curriculum. relationship was outlined in a in the 1999 Millennial Agreement not been achieved in the six The curriculum strives to provide document called the Centennial read: “Educating the citizens of years since its creation. They a more balanced history of the Accord. This document provided our state, particularly the youth found that most schools and State of Washington and focuses a framework for government-to- who are our future leaders, about districts in Washington were not on Since Time Immemorial: Tribal government relationships and tribal history, culture, treaty educating students about tribal Sovereignty Curriculum as a free, an implementation procedure to rights, contemporary tribal and history, culture, or treaty rights. state-provided and tribal-vetted assure its execution. The Accord state government institutions and Some legislators believed that resource for teachers. A NEW ERA OF WASHINGTON STATE INDIAN EDUCATION In 2015, 10 years since the passing decided to return the language This new bill ushers in a new Sovereignty Curriculum, available Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content In Education Newspapers Sponsored of HB 1495, legislators revisited of the original bill. The new bill era of understanding the at www.indian-ed.org/curriculum. the implementation of tribal introduced by Sen. Steve Litzow American Indian/Native American history being taught in the public on Jan. 21, 2015 communities in Washington For further resources school system. With only two and signed into law by Governor state. Under the new law, school visit www.k12.wa.us/ school districts formally adopting Jay Inslee on May 8, 2015 read: districts will seek to build stronger IndianEd/ and contact the Since Time Immemorial: Tribal “Requiring Washington’s tribal relations with federally recognized Michael Vendiola and Sovereignty Curriculum and a low history, culture, and government tribes. The law also focuses on the Joan Banker, Office percentage of teachers utilizing to be taught in the common Since Time Immemorial: Tribal of Native Education/ the teaching tool, legislators schools.” OSPI, (360) 725-6160. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 | 8, 2015 NOVEMBER SUNDAY,

6 TRIBES OF WASHINGTON STATE

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Bellingham VANCOUVER ISLAND 28 Colville 17 26 6

9 18 Neah Bay Oak Harbor 24 2 7 27

Port Angeles 5

15 O Everett Grand Coulee L 13 22 Y M 4 P 25 I C 21

Spokane There are 29 federally-recognized Native American tribes M Seattle located on reservations throughout Washington state. O Bellevue U

Each tribe has a body of elected officials that oversees its 16 N governmental programs. They provide services including T 20 Wenatchee health care, education, housing, public safety, courts, A 14 transportation, natural resources, environment, culture and I 10 economic development. N 23 IDAHO

S Tacoma

Gaming revenue is a major source of funding to pay for tribal Moses Lake government services. 11 Olympia Tribes are investing in new initiatives to diversify their Aberdeen Ellensburg economic base. Investments range from hotels to golf courses to shopping centers. Westport 1

19 Tribes employ more than 30,000 people statewide and pay more than $1.5 billion annually in wages and benefits. Capital Centralia spending, and the purchase of goods and services from private companies, adds hundreds of millions more dollars to Yakima the state’s economy each year. Tribal economic activities generate millions of dollars in federal, state and local taxes.

29 Washingtontribes.org is a public education program of the Long Beach Washington Indian Gaming Association. washingtontribes.org 3 Kennewick Longview Kelso Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content Walla Walla

OREGON

Vancouver

1. Chehalis The Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation has more than 4. Hoh The Hoh Tribe has 447 acres of reservation land1. on the Pacific coastChehalis at the 8. The(chehalistribe.org) Lummi Nation is the third largest tribe in Washington with more than 12. Nooksack The Nooksack Indian Tribe, with 11. Nisqually15. Quileute The (nisqually-nsn.gov) Quileute Tribe is located in La Push on the shores of the Pacific 19. Shoalwater Bay The Shoalwater Bay Indian Tribe is 21.a major employer inSnoqualmie the 23. Squaxin Island The Squaxin (snoqualmietribe.us) Island Tribe is located at the south end of Puget 27. Tulalip The Tulalip Tribes of Washington is located on the Tulalip Reservation 800 members and a reservation of approximately 4,400 acres in southwest mouth of the Hoh River. The Hoh Tribe's livelihood depends primarily on fishing, and 5,000 members and a 13,000 acre reservation. Northwest Indian College is located on approximately 2,000 members, has a 444-acre reservation Ocean. The reservation’s remote location makes it a top destination for beachgoers and area operating a gaming facility, motel, restaurant, and retail services. Sound. The tribe has approximately 930 members and their reservation includes near Everett. The Tulalip Reservation is 22,000 acres, where over half of its 4,000 Washington. The Chehalis tribe is one of the region’s largest employers operating a the tribe manages resources for the environmental, cultural, and economic benefit of the Lummi Reservation. Lummi operates a 105-room hotel with convention and located near Deming. Fishing in the Nooksack River and salt recreational fishers. The tribe actively supports tourism and operates cabins, motel rooms www.shoalwaterbay-nsn.gov Squaxin Island and six acres of land at Kamilche. The tribe operates a casino, hotel members live. They operate many enterprises such as Tulalip Resort Casino and water slide park and hotel, casino/hotel resort, convenience stores, an RV park and a the tribe and neighbors in the Hoh River watershed. www.hohtribe-nsn.org meeting space, a casino, and retail outlets. www.lummi-nsn.org water areas is an important source of income and food for and RV sites at its Oceanside Resort. www.quileutenation.org and retail services. www.squaxinisland.org Quil Ceda Village. www.tulaliptribes-nsn.gov many families, as well as being a source of cultural pride and construction company. www.chehalistribe.org The Skokomish Indian Tribe is 2. Colville (colvilletribes.com) identity. The tribal fisheries program regulates fishing and 12. Nooksack (nooksacktribe.org)20. Skokomish 22. Spokane (spokanetribe.com) The Jamestown S'Klallam Tribe is located on The Makah Indian Tribe Reservation The Quinault Indian Nation Reservation has over 208,150 acres located on a nearly 5,000 acre reservation on Hood 24. Stillaguamish The Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians has over 230 members in The Upper Skagit Indian Tribe descends from tribes that 5. Jamestown S’Klallam 9. Makah works to enhance fish runs and protect the environment. The 16. Quinault 28. Upper Skagit 2. Colville The Confederated Tribes 13.5 acres along Sequim Bay. Jamestown also has land held in trust outside the is located at Neah Bay at the most northwest point located at the southwest corner of the Olympic Peninsula, and has over 2,500 Canal at the delta of the Skokomish River. The tribe Snohomish County. The tribe invests significant resources in maintaining natural inhabited 10 villages on the Skagit and Sauk rivers in western Washington. The Upper Tribes work closely with local, State, and Federal agencies to of the Colville Reservation is comprised reservation and owns land in fee. The tribal government operates diverse business of the continental United States. The Makah people members. Nearly 700 people are employed by the Quinault Indian Nation and its operates a gaming facility, motel and retail outlets. resources, including management of a fish hatchery that restores Chinook and Coho Skagit Reservation has a total land area of 110 acres in Western Skagit County and has review proposed developments, timber harvests and other of 12 aboriginal tribes that lived in North enterprises including a casino, convenience store, golf course, self-storage, art gallery, rely heavily on the ocean and the forest so many of enterprises, making it one of the largest employers in Grays Harbor County. Skokomish and its partners have developed a salmon runs, and the tribe’s Marine Stewardship and Shellfish Program. Tribal approximately 200 members. environmental disturbances, and evaluate their impact on Central Washington. The tribe has more construction services and telecommunications services. www.jamestowntribe.org3. Cowlitz its members (cowlitz.org) are skilled woodworkers and 13. Port Gamblewww.quinaultindiannation.com S’Klallam (pgst.nsn.us)wastewater treatment plant to help improve Hood 23. Squaxinenterprises include Island a casino, hotel and retail (squaxinisland.org)services. www.goia.wa.gov/tribal-information/Tribes/uperskagit.htm water quality, fisheries, and cultural sites. than 9,300 enrolled members, about mariners, and they invest in education programs to Canal water quality. The tribe is also leading an www.stillaguamish.com half of whom live on or near the 1.4 www.nooksacktribe.org 6. Kalispel The Kalispel Tribe of Indians has 4,557 acres along the Pend Oreille provide opportunities for their youth. 17. Samish The Samish Indian Nation is effort to restore the Skokomish Delta. The Confederated million acre reservation. The Suquamish Tribe is 29. Yakama River north of Spokane and approximately 40 acres of trust land in Airway Heights on www.makah.com located near Anacortes. The tribe operates a www.skokomish.org 25. Suquamish Tribes and Bands of the Yakama 13. Port Gamble S’Klallam The Port Gamble S'Klallam Tribe has over 1,200 located on the Port Madison Indian Reservation which its casino/hotel resort is located. The tribe, with 4004. members, is a Hoh (hohtribe-nsn.org) 14. Puyallupresort along the bay (puyallup-tribe.com) with cabins and RV 24. Stillaguamish (stillaguamish.com)Nation have a reservation with over The tribe's economic enterprise is the Colville Tribal Federal Corporation, which members and a reservation along Port Gamble Bay near Hood Canal. The in North Kitsap County. The tribe’s economic self-sufficient entity with its own business enterprises, education and health care The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe, with more than 3,000 members, spots. One of the newest Washington State The Snoqualmie Indian Tribe has approximately 650 members one million acres located in Central employs more than 800 people and generates more than $120 million a year in 10. Muckleshoot Noo-Kayet Development Corporation is an agency of the Port Gamble S'Klallam 21. Snoqualmie development agency, Port Madison Enterprises, programs, and strong alliances in the broader community. www.kalispeltribe.com has a reservation in southeast King County. The Tribe operates major enterprises ferries is named after the Samish Tribe. and is located in the Snoqualmie Valley. In addition to funding tribal government Washington. The tribes’ many revenue making it an economic leader in Central Washington. Its diverse enterprises Tribe and is responsible for economic development and established economic is the second-largest private sector employer in including Muckleshoot Seafood Products, the White River Amphitheatre, Emerald www.samishtribe.nsn.us programs, revenue from the tribe’s casino supports organizations with charitable enterprises provide services to and include gaming, hotel, recreation and tourism, retail, construction and wood products. enterprises. Noo-Kayet’s mission is to advance the long-term economic interest of Kitsap County with over 750 employees. 7. Lower Elwha Klallam The Lower Downs, and Muckleshoot Casino. www.muckleshoot.nsn.us donations totaling more than $4 million in donations since 2010. employ hundreds of Yakama citizens www.colvilletribes.com 5. Jamestown S’Klallam the tribal community. www.pgst.nsn.us 15. Quileute (quileutenation.org) 25. Suquamishwww.suquamish.nsn.us (suquamish.nsn.us) Elwha Klallam Tribe is located on roughly 18. Sauk-Suiattle The Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe is located near Darrington and www.snoqualmietribe.us in gaming, tourism, forestry 1,000 acres in the northern Olympic Peninsula. has approximately 200 members on its 34 acre reservation. After being re-recognized management, telecommunications, The Cowlitz Indian Tribe has been a federally recognized tribe since 2000 11. Nisqually The Nisqually Indian Tribe has more than 650 enrolled members, a 14. Puyallup The Puyallup Tribe of Indians has more than 4,000 members and is

3. Cowlitz | The Tribe’s enterprises include a casino and its majority of whom live on or near the reservation. The tribe, which operates a casino in 1973, the tribe has grown steadily, acquired land, developed new infrastructure, 26. The Swinomish Indian Tribe is one of the five largest employers in agriculture and utilities.

considered one of the most urban Indian reservations in the U.S. The tribe’s economic The Spokane Tribe of Indians’ reservation is 159,000 acres located in and received their first Reservation in March 2015. Cowlitz operates a multi-million programs include a full range of government (jamestowntribe.org) and continues investing in local business. 22. Spokane Skagit County with over 250 employees in tribal government and approximately 300 and numerous retail outlets, is one of the largest employers in Thurston County. It also development initiatives include gaming facilities and retail outlets. Puyallup provides a Eastern Washington. The tribe has approximately 2,700 members. www.yakamanation-nsn.gov SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 dollar health clinic in Longview and have completed construction on new senior and services including health care, education and 16. Quinaultwww.sauk-suiattle.com (quinaultindiannation.com) 26. Swinomishemployees in its casino/resort (swinomish.org) and other economic enterprises. www.swinomish.org affordable housing projects. www.cowlitz.org manages programs to restore and enhance habitat, including the Nisqually Delta. full range of government services and collaborates with local governments on projects, www.spokanetribe.com natural resources. www.elwha.org www.nisqually-nsn.gov including transportation improvements. www.puyallup-tribe.com 6. Kalispel (kalispeltribe.com) 17. Samish (samishtribe.nsn.us) 27. Tulalip (tulaliptribes-nsn.gov) Washingtontribes.org is a public education program sponsored by the Washington Indian Gaming Association. © Washington Tribes 2015 7. Lower Elwha Klallam (elwha.org) 18. Sauk-Suiattle (sauk-suittle.com) 28. Upper Skagit (goia.wa.gov/tribal- 8. Lummi (lummi-nsn.org) 19. Shoalwater Bay (shoalwaterbay-nsn.gov) information/Tribes/upperskagit.htm) 9. Makah (makah.org) 20. Skokomish (skokomish.org) 29. Yakama (yakamanation-nsn.gov) 10. Muckleshoot (muckleshoot.nsn.us)

To request a free poster size color print of the map, e-mail your name and address to [email protected]. Map provided courtesy of washingtontribes.org

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RESOURCES FOR LEARNING ABOUT WASHINGTON’S FEDERALLY-RECOGNIZED TRIBES Continue your study of Washington tribes by exploring the following resources:

STATE Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission Governor’s Office on Indian Affairs (GOIA) (NWIFC) www.goia.wa.gov www.nwifc.org GOIA serves as liaison between state and The NWIFC was created following the tribal governments in an advisory, resource, U.S. v. Washington ruling (Boldt Decision) consultation, and educational capacity. that re-affirmed the tribes’ treaty-reserved fishing rights and established them as Office of Native Education (ONE)Office of natural resources co-managers with the the Superintendent of Public Instruction State of Washington. (OSPI) www.k12.wa.us/IndianEd/default.aspx FEDERAL The Office of Native Education advocates Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) for the academic success of all students. www.bia.gov They create and promote strategies that The Indian Affairs offers an extensive scope integrate the teaching of Native American of programs that covers the entire range of history, culture, language and government. federal, state and local government services.

TRIBAL Bureau of Indian Education (BIE) Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians www.bie.edu (ATNI) BIE’s mission is to provide quality education www.atnitribes.org opportunities from early childhood through In 1953, farsighted tribal leaders in the life in accordance with a tribe’s needs for Northwest formed the Affiliated Tribes of cultural and economic well-being, in keeping Northwest Indians, and dedicated it to tribal with the wide diversity of Indian tribes and sovereignty and self-determination. Today, Native villages as distinct cultural and ATNI is a nonprofit organization representing governmental entities. 57 Northwest tribal governments from Oregon, Idaho, Washington, southeast MEDIA Alaska, Northern California and Western Northwest Indian News (NWIN) Montana. www.nwin.tv NWIN programs are designed to be National Congress of American Indians relevant to viewers of all age ranges and (NCAI) backgrounds for many years after they are www.ncai.org first released. As a result, the very first NWIN The National Congress of American Indians, program, produced in March of 2003, is still founded in 1944, is the oldest, largest and being used as curriculum in public schools Sponsored Newspapers In Education Content In Education Newspapers Sponsored most representative American Indian and and is being broadcast on various television Alaska Native organization serving the networks. broad interests of tribal governments and communities. washingtontribes.org Washingtontribes.org is an educational initiative sponsored by tribes belonging to the Washington Indian Gaming Association. Find stories, photos and videos on Facebook Images courtesy of: (top to bottom) Denny Hurtado, washintongtontribes.org and at washingtontribes.org. and Denny Hurtado. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 2015 | 8, 2015 NOVEMBER SUNDAY,

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