DOCSLIB.ORG

00 Cubierta-C Ok

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
00 Cubierta-C Ok DE LAS SEÑALES DE HUMO A LA SOCIEDAD DE LAS SEÑALES HUMO DEL CONOCIMIENTO A LA SOCIEDAD 150 AÑOS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EN ESPAÑA TELECOMUNICACIONES AÑOS DE 150 DEL CONOCIMIENTO 150 AÑOS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EN ESPAÑA Coordinadora: Olga Pérez Sanjuán 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 1 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 2 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 3 DE LAS SEÑALES DE HUMO A LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO 150 AÑOS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EN ESPAÑA 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 4 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 5 DE LAS SEÑALES DE HUMO A LA SOCIEDAD DEL CONOCIMIENTO 150 AÑOS DE TELECOMUNICACIONES EN ESPAÑA Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Asociación Española de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Autores Olga Pérez Sanjuán (Coordinadora) Luis Arroyo Galán Pedro Blanco González J. Javier Esteban Yago Eduardo Gavilán Estelat José Luis Gómez Barroso Ignacio Gonzálvez Carracedo José Manuel Huidobro Moya Domingo Martín de la Vega Fernández Vicente Miralles Mora José María Muñiz Aza Javier Nadal Ariño Sebastián Olivé Roig Peregrín Pascual Chorro María Teresa Pascual Ogueta Olga Pérez Sanjuán Antonio Pérez Yuste Víctor Reviriego Hernández José María Romeo López Isidoro Ruiz-Ramos y García-Tenorio Miguel Ángel Sanz Sacristán. José Luis Vilar Ten 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 6 Edita: Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Autores: Luis Arroyo Galán Pedro Blanco González J. Javier Esteban Yago Eduardo Gavilán Estelat José Luis Gómez Barroso Ignacio Gonzálvez Carracedo José Manuel Huidobro Moya Domingo Martín de la Vega Fernández Vicente Miralles Mora José María Muñiz Aza Javier Nadal Ariño Sebastián Olivé Roig Peregrín Pascual Chorro María Teresa Pascual Ogueta Olga Pérez Sanjuán Antonio Pérez Yuste Víctor Reviriego Hernández José María Romeo López Isidoro Ruiz-Ramos y García-Tenorio Miguel Ángel Sanz Sacristán. José Luis Vilar Ten Coordinación general: Olga Pérez Sanjuán Fotografías e ilustraciones: Alcatel España Archivo Histórico EA4-DO Archivo Histórico Nacional Exposición del Parque y Centro de Mantenimiento de Material de Transmisiones del Ejército Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles Iberdrola Museo Postal y Telegráfico de Madrid Museo de Telecomunicaciones de Telefónica Museo de Telecomunicaciones de OTE Philips Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones © 2006, de esta edición Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación © 2006, de los textos, los autores Edición y producción: JdeJ Editores www.jdejeditores.com Dirección: Javier de Juan y Peñalosa Diseño y coordinación: Juan Carlos González Pozuelo Corrección: Rebeca Córdoba Apéndices: Ana Floría Preimpresión: Safekat, S.L Impresión: Monterreina, S.A Impreso en España – Printed in Spain ISBN: 84-934124-7-3 Depósito Legal: M-18767-2006 Primera edición: mayo, 2006 Reservados todos los derechos. No se permite reproducir, almacenar en sistemas de recuperación de la información, ni transmitir alguna parte de este libro, cualquiera que sea el medio empleado –electrónico, mecánico, fotocopia, grabación, etc.- sin el permiso de los titulares de los derechos de la propiedad intelectual. 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 7 Sumario Presentación................................................................................................................. 9 1855-2005: la última revolución tecnológica ............................................................. 11 El telégrafo: historia y presente .................................................................................. 15 Las telecomunicaciones: testigo y parte de historia................................................... 19 Introducción. Prehistoria de la telecomunicación Albores de la telecomunicación................................................................................. 25 La evolución de los servicios de telecomunicación en España El servicio de telegrafía en España ............................................................................ 39 El servicio de telefonía fija en España ....................................................................... 55 El servicio de radioaficionados en España ................................................................ 85 El servicio de móvil marítimo en España ................................................................. 109 El servicio de móvil aeronáutico en España .............................................................. 137 El servicio de radiodifusión sonora en España ......................................................... 149 El servicio de radiodifusión de televisión en España ................................................ 163 El servicio de transmisión de datos en España ......................................................... 175 El servicio de Internet en España .............................................................................. 197 El servicio de telefonía móvil en España ................................................................... 233 El servicio de radioastronomía en España ................................................................ 257 Grandes organizaciones españolas que prestan servicios públicos y que gestionan en autoprestación sus propias redes de telecomunicación Las telecomunicaciones y la Administración en España ............................................ 275 Las telecomunicaciones y los ejércitos en España .................................................... 293 Las telecomunicaciones y las empresas eléctricas en España ..................................... 303 Las telecomunicaciones y el ferrocarril en España ..................................................... 321 Telecomunicaciones, política y desarrollo económico Telecomunicaciones, política y desarrollo económico hasta 1877.............................. 347 Telecomunicaciones, política y desarrollo económico en el periodo 1877-1924........ 369 Telecomunicaciones, política y desarrollo económico en el periodo 1924-1987........ 407 Telecomunicaciones, política y desarrollo económico a partir de 1987...................... 407 Breve cronología de la telecomunicación española Pinceladas de telecomunicación en España ............................................................... 423 Apéndice de personajes............................................................................................... 475 Apéndice de organizaciones........................................................................................ 479 Índice general............................................................................................................... 485 7 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 8 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 9 Presentación Este libro es el fruto del trabajo del Foro Histórico de las Telecomunicaciones del Cole- gio Oficial y la Asociación Española de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación, creado en el año 2000 con el objetivo de recuperar y difundir la memoria de las telecomunicacio- nes, principalmente la de nuestro país, a través de documentos, objetos y testimonios del pasado, que muestran no sólo el grado de desarrollo tecnológico de las diferentes épocas, sino también las consecuencias sociales, culturales y empresariales que el cons- tante avance de las telecomunicaciones y tecnologías de la información ha tenido en nuestra sociedad. Forma parte, por tanto, de un proyecto de más calado, de un trabajo más profundo que logra dos objetivos: la recuperación de la memoria histórica de un sector que, pre- cisamente por su juventud, está todavía a tiempo de que no se pierdan, por el inevita- ble paso del tiempo, recuerdos y vivencias de personas, documentos valiosos, o equi- pos que, de no actuarse ahora, acabarían por perderse, y la aportación de una reflexión colectiva sobre nuestro pasado que ha de ser muy útil a generaciones futuras, las que trabajarán en un sector en crecimiento permanente. Pero es, sobre todo, producto de la ilusión y el esfuerzo que un creciente número de ingenieros de telecomunicación y personas interesadas en la historia de las tele- comunicaciones, excelentemente coordinados por Olga Pérez, han puesto, y segui- rán poniendo, para recuperar la historia de un sector que se ha convertido, en esca- so tiempo, sólo siglo y medio, de la nada en soporte de la sociedad y la economía de los países avanzados. Como Decano del Colegio Oficial de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación quiero expre- sar mi satisfacción personal, y la de las Juntas de Gobierno de nuestra institución, espe- cialmente las de nuestra organización territorial, por haber podido actuar como sopor- te de esta experiencia, que entra de lleno en las funciones que una entidad como la nuestra, interlocutor entre la sociedad y la tecnología, ha de tener permanentemente en consideración. Finalmente, quiero expresar mi agradecimiento al apoyo que el proyecto viene reci- biendo de la Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Infor- mación, y el reconocimiento de todos los ingenieros de telecomunicación a nuestros compañeros implicados y comprometidos en esta experiencia. Enrique Gutiérrez Bueno Decano del Colegio Oficial y Presidente de la Asociación Española de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación 9 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 10 001 021 OK 18/4/06 19:49 Página 11 1855-2005: la última revolución tecnológica La historia de las telecomunicaciones en España acaba de cumplir 150 años, abarcando ahora tres siglos. Desde la Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones y para la Sociedad de la Información tengo la satisfacción de prologar este libro, que recoge los testimonios de una de las aventuras más apasionantes que ha experimentado
Load more

Recommended publications
  • De Telefoon Van Reis
    De Telefoon van Reis 05-01-2016 Ontwerpopdracht profielwerkstuk van: Thomas Aleva & Nwankwo Hogervorst Inhoudsopgave Inleiding ........................................................................................................................... 3 Onderzoeksvraag ............................................................................................................................. 3 Johann Philipp Reis........................................................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Reis ....................................................................................... 3 Globale werking van de telefoon van Bell ....................................................................................... 4 Het ontwerp ..................................................................................................................... 4 Ontwerpcyclus ................................................................................................................................. 5 Programma van eisen: ..................................................................................................................... 5 Deeloplossingen ............................................................................................................................... 6 Ontwerpvoorstel .............................................................................................................................. 6 Benodigdheden ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Telephone Talking to Your Neighbor Hasn’T Always Been As Easy As Picking up the Receiver
    INVENTIONS The Telephone Talking to your neighbor hasn’t always been as easy as picking up the receiver BY CATHERINE V.O. HOFFBERGER “Mr. Watson, come in here. I need you!” These historic words are as recognizable as Martin Luther King Jr.’s inspiring “I Have a Dream” and John F. Kennedy’s philosophical “Ask not what your country can do for you— ask what you can do for your country.” Uttered by one Alexander Graham Bell on March 7, 1876, this quote is remem- bered not for its eloquence or effect, but for what it represents: the invention of that great tool of everyday life, the Telephone. Bell, born in Scotland to a deaf mother in 1847, followed the professional footsteps of his father, uncle and grandfa- ther, all professors of elocution (the study of speaking). Young “Aleck,” a passionate elocutionist, specialized in teaching speech to the deaf. Telephony, the science of producing sound (‘phono’) electrically over distance (‘tele’), was the rage among Three weeks later, Mr. Watson famously heard Bell sum- 19th-century inventors. The telegraph, created in England moning him over its wires. As his was the first telephone in 1833 and soon improved by American Samuel Morse, to truly work and receive a patent, Bell was credited with accomplished that in staccato, on-and-off rhythms. By the the invention. mid-1800s, it was the world’s means of long-distance audi- Bell’s fledgling business sold just six telephones in its ble communication. Bell and other scientists across first month. But by 1891, the company, by then known as Europe and in the United States including Antonio AT&T (the Atlantic Telephone and Telegraph Co.), was Meucci, Johann Philipp Reis, Elisha Gray and Thomas operating some 5 million phones in America.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Science-Fiction Films and Novels
    2010 JUMP By Douglas Fenech, Christian Gradwohl & Jan Westren-Doll [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE??] [This research paper looks at a selection of science-fiction films and its connection with the progression of the television, the telephone and print media. It also analyzes statistical data obtained from a questionnaire conducted by the research group regarding communication media.] January 1, 2010 [DOES SCIENCE-FICTION PREDICT THE FUTURE OR CHANGE IT?] Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Science-fiction filmmakers are not modern day Leonardo da Vinci’s…………………………………………5 Predictions of the future in science-fiction films and novels………………………………………………………6 History of the future………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 The evolution of science-fiction films and novels.........................................................................11 A look into Television....................................................................................................................13 Mechanical Television.......................................................................................................13 Electronic Television.........................................................................................................14 Colour Television..............................................................................................................15 The Remote Control..........................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • The Telephone and Its Several Inventors
    The History of Telecommunications The Telephone and its Several Inventors by Wim van Etten 1/36 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Bell and his invention 3. Bell Telephone Company (BTC) 4. Lawsuits 5. Developments in Europe and the Netherlands 6. Telephone sets 7. Telephone cables 8. Telephone switching 9. Liberalization 10. Conclusion 2/36 Reis • German physicist and school master • 1861: vibrating membrane touched needle; reproduction of sound by needle connected to electromagnet hitting wooden box • several great scientists witnessed his results • transmission of articulated speech could not be demonstrated in court • submitted publication to Annalen der Physik: refused • later on he was invited to publish; then he refused • ended his physical experiments as a poor, disappointed man Johann Philipp Reis 1834-1874 • invention not patented 3/36 The telephone patent 1876: February 14, Alexander Graham Bell applies patent “Improvement in Telegraphy”; patented March 7, 1876 Most valuable patent ever issued ! 4/36 Bell’s first experiments 5/36 Alexander Graham Bell • born in Scotland 1847 • father, grandfather and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech • his father developed a system of “Visible Speech” • was an expert in learning deaf-mute to “speak” • met Wheatstone and Helmholtz • when 2 brothers died of tuberculosis parents emigrated to Canada • 1873: professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory: US citizen Alexander Graham Bell • 1875: started experimenting with “musical” telegraphy (1847-1922) • had a vision to transmit voice over telegraph wires 6/36 Bell (continued) • left Boston University to spent more time to experiments • 2 important deaf-mute pupils left: Georgie Sanders and Mabel Hubbard • used basement of Sanders’ house for experiments • Sanders and Hubbard gave financial support, provided he would abandon telephone experiments • Henry encouraged to go on with it • Thomas Watson became his assistant • March 10, 1876: “Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna Naloga Področje: Sociologija
    OŠ Brinje Grosuplje Ljubljanska cesta 40a ODNOS ČETRTOŠOLCEV DO MOBILNIH TELEFONOV Raziskovalna naloga Področje: Sociologija Avtorja: Lučka Perme, Liza Završan in Zoja Gal – Šehić; 4. b Mentorici: Vanja Resnik, Maja Zajec Grosuplje, marec 2020 1 KAZALO 1 UVOD _______________________________________________________________________ 3 2 TEORETIČNI DEL _______________________________________________________________ 4 2.1 KAJ JE TELEFON? __________________________________________________________ 4 2.2 ZGODOVINA TELEFONOV ___________________________________________________ 4 2. 3 SEVANJE MOBILNEGA TELEFONA _____________________________________________ 5 2. 4 MOBILNI TELEFONI V ŠOLI ___________________________________________________ 6 2. 5 ZASVOJENOST _____________________________________________________________ 7 2. 6 HIPOTEZE ________________________________________________________________ 8 3 EMPIRIČNI DEL ________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 1 METODA _________________________________________________________________ 9 3. 2 REZULTATI __________________________________________________________________ 9 4 ZAKLJUČEK __________________________________________________________________ 14 5 LITERATURA _________________________________________________________________ 15 6 PRILOGE ____________________________________________________________________ 16 2 POVZETEK To temo smo si izbrale, ker ima danes že praktično vsak človek svoj mobilni telefon, nas pa je zanimalo, kakšno je stanje pri učencih 4. razredov. V raziskavi
    [Show full text]
  • 5. on Being First
    5. On Being First The postage stamp is a unique kind of sign, with an impressive capacity to convey a number of messages in a very confined space (Child, 2008). In the previous chapter I have been able to review the use of stamps to deliver political messages. In this chapter, I look at how the representation of scientists on stamps has developed over time and investigate examples of stamps being used as the vehicle to substantiate ‘firsts’ in science. On being first Robert Merton’s “Priorities in Scientific Discovery” (1957) discusses the way that science is structured, noting the importance attached to the date of a discovery and the world’s acknowledgement of the achievement. Disputes are commonplace regarding such recognition, and Merton states that it is more likely that the case will be argued by the institution than the scientist. The scientist will often accept that science is a developing understanding of the world and that many research projects are conducted in parallel. The establishment, here in the form of postal authorities, in some cases as an agency of government, enters the fray of controversy in the very public arena of stamp issue. Merton’s comments on being first are reiterated by Collins and Pinch: Moreover, the mass media may be used by scientists as platforms to assure their priority in discovery – a well known phenomenon in the sociology of science (Collins and Pinch, 1998, p. 142). Within the context of this study, I anticipate that it is a national institution, the postal authority, representing the aims and ambitions of the state, that chooses to honour specific scientists.
    [Show full text]
  • Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE
    This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/TWC.2020.2996144, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 1 Adaptive Neural Signal Detection for Massive MIMO Mehrdad Khani, Mohammad Alizadeh, Jakob Hoydis, Senior Member, IEEE, Phil Fleming, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract—Traditional symbol detection algorithms either per- In recent work, researchers have proposed several learning form poorly or are impractical to implement for Massive approaches for MIMO signal detection. Samuel et al. [8, 9] Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems. Recently, sev- achieved impressive results with a deep neural network ar- eral learning-based approaches have achieved promising results on simple channel models (e.g., i.i.d. Gaussian channel coeffi- chitecture called DetNet, e.g., matching the performance of cients), but as we show, their performance degrades on real-world a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) baseline for independent and channels with spatial correlation. We propose MMNet, a deep identically distributed (i.i.d.) Gaussian channel matrices while learning MIMO detection scheme that significantly outperforms running 30× faster. He et al. [10] introduced OAMPNet, existing approaches on realistic channels with the same or lower a model inspired by the Orthogonal AMP algorithm [11], computational complexity. MMNet’s design builds on the theory of iterative soft-thresholding algorithms, and uses a novel training and demonstrated strong performance on both i.i.d. Gaussian algorithm that leverages temporal and spectral correlation in and small-sized correlated channel matrices based on the real channels to accelerate training.
    [Show full text]
  • Die Meilensteine Der Computer-, Elek
    Das Poster der digitalen Evolution – Die Meilensteine der Computer-, Elektronik- und Telekommunikations-Geschichte bis 1977 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 und ... Von den Anfängen bis zu den Geburtswehen des PCs PC-Geburt Evolution einer neuen Industrie Business-Start PC-Etablierungsphase Benutzerfreundlichkeit wird gross geschrieben Durchbruch in der Geschäftswelt Das Zeitalter der Fensterdarstellung Online-Zeitalter Internet-Hype Wireless-Zeitalter Web 2.0/Start Cloud Computing Start des Tablet-Zeitalters AI (CC, Deep- und Machine-Learning), Internet der Dinge (IoT) und Augmented Reality (AR) Zukunftsvisionen Phasen aber A. Bowyer Cloud Wichtig Zählhilfsmittel der Frühzeit Logarithmische Rechenhilfsmittel Einzelanfertigungen von Rechenmaschinen Start der EDV Die 2. Computergeneration setzte ab 1955 auf die revolutionäre Transistor-Technik Der PC kommt Jobs mel- All-in-One- NAS-Konzept OLPC-Projekt: Dass Computer und Bausteine immer kleiner, det sich Konzepte Start der entwickelt Computing für die AI- schneller, billiger und energieoptimierter werden, Hardware Hände und Finger sind die ersten Wichtige "PC-Vorläufer" finden wir mit dem werden Massenpro- den ersten Akzeptanz: ist bekannt. Bei diesen Visionen geht es um die Symbole für die Mengendarstel- schon sehr früh bei Lernsystemen. iMac und inter- duktion des Open Source Unterstüt- möglichen zukünftigen Anwendungen, die mit 3D-Drucker zung und lung. Ägyptische Illustration des Beispiele sind: Berkley Enterprice mit neuem essant: XO-1-Laptops: neuen Technologien und Konzepte ermöglicht Veriton RepRap nicht Ersatz werden.
    [Show full text]
  • Screen Genealogies Screen Genealogies Mediamatters
    media Screen Genealogies matters From Optical Device to Environmental Medium edited by craig buckley, Amsterdam University rüdiger campe, Press francesco casetti Screen Genealogies MediaMatters MediaMatters is an international book series published by Amsterdam University Press on current debates about media technology and its extended practices (cultural, social, political, spatial, aesthetic, artistic). The series focuses on critical analysis and theory, exploring the entanglements of materiality and performativity in ‘old’ and ‘new’ media and seeks contributions that engage with today’s (digital) media culture. For more information about the series see: www.aup.nl Screen Genealogies From Optical Device to Environmental Medium Edited by Craig Buckley, Rüdiger Campe, and Francesco Casetti Amsterdam University Press The publication of this book is made possible by award from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, and from Yale University’s Frederick W. Hilles Fund. Cover illustration: Thomas Wilfred, Opus 161 (1966). Digital still image of an analog time- based Lumia work. Photo: Rebecca Vera-Martinez. Carol and Eugene Epstein Collection. Cover design: Suzan Beijer Lay-out: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6372 900 0 e-isbn 978 90 4854 395 3 doi 10.5117/9789463729000 nur 670 Creative Commons License CC BY NC ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0) All authors / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 Some rights reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, any part of this book may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise). Every effort has been made to obtain permission to use all copyrighted illustrations reproduced in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Telephone Quiz: Questions and Answers
    kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 1 / 4 kupidonia.com 1. What is telephone? A device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation A system for the transmission and reception of images and sound An electronic device used to perform a remote operation on a machine 2. Who invented the world's first telephone? Antonio Meucci Elisha Gray Alexander Graham Bell 3. Who was the first to be granted a U.S. patent for the device that produces a clearly intelligible replication of the human voice? Charles Bourseul Alexander Graham Bell Innocenzo Manzetti 4. What are the essential elements of a telephone? Microphone and earphone Cable and electricity Buttons 5. In which year was the Advance Mobile Phone System (AMPS) launched? 1973 1970 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 2 / 4 kupidonia.com 1983 6. What has been the trend for mobile phones since 1999? Efficient phones Smartphones Special phones 7. When did the first successful telephone transmission using a liquid transmitter take place? January 30, 1877 February 19, 1876 March 10, 1876 8. What is a lineman's handset? A telephone that allows long-distance calls A device used to repair the phone A special type of telephone used by technicians for installing and testing local loop telephone lines 9. In telecommunications, what does POTS mean? Permanent Old Telephone Service Plain Old Telephone Service Permanent Out Telephone Services 10. When was the transistor invented? 1974 1947 1946 Telephone Quiz: questions and answers - 3 / 4 kupidonia.com Telephone Quiz: questions and answers Right answers 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Invented the Telephone?: Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History
    Who Invented the Telephone?: Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History Christopher Beauchamp Technology and Culture, Volume 51, Number 4, October 2010, pp. 854-878 (Article) Published by The Johns Hopkins University Press DOI: 10.1353/tech.2010.0038 For additional information about this article http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/tech/summary/v051/51.4.beauchamp.html Access Provided by Princeton University at 02/10/13 1:14PM GMT 05_51.4beauchamp 854–78:03_49.3dobraszczyk 568– 10/31/10 11:04 AM Page 854 Who Invented the Telephone? Lawyers, Patents, and the Judgments of History CHRISTOPHERBEAUCHAMP Who invented the telephone? In the United States, this question has a widely known answer. Alexander Graham Bell routinely ranks among the hundred “greatest” or “most influential” Americans, whether chosen by historians or internet polls.1 His cry of “Mr. Watson—come here—I want to see you,”al- though often misquoted, is one of the best-known exclamations in Amer- ican history.2 More than one hundred and thirty years after the event, Bell and Watson’s first telephone call remains a classroom staple: a standard de- vice for teaching Americans about the nation’s inventive past, and even for placing technological change at the center of mainstream history.3 Christopher Beauchamp is the Sharswood Fellow in Law and History at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. In an earlier form, this essay received the Levinson Prize of the Society for the History of Technology. The author is grateful for the advice of Anisha Dasgupta, Martin Daunton, Richard John, Robert MacDougall, Christine MacLeod, John Staudenmaier, and four anonymous referees for T&C.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Technology and Society
    MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY Media Technology and Society offers a comprehensive account of the history of communications technologies, from the telegraph to the Internet. Winston argues that the development of new media, from the telephone to computers, satellite, camcorders and CD-ROM, is the product of a constant play-off between social necessity and suppression: the unwritten ‘law’ by which new technologies are introduced into society. Winston’s fascinating account challenges the concept of a ‘revolution’ in communications technology by highlighting the long histories of such developments. The fax was introduced in 1847. The idea of television was patented in 1884. Digitalisation was demonstrated in 1938. Even the concept of the ‘web’ dates back to 1945. Winston examines why some prototypes are abandoned, and why many ‘inventions’ are created simultaneously by innovators unaware of each other’s existence, and shows how new industries develop around these inventions, providing media products for a mass audience. Challenging the popular myth of a present-day ‘Information Revolution’, Media Technology and Society is essential reading for anyone interested in the social impact of technological change. Brian Winston is Head of the School of Communication, Design and Media at the University of Westminster. He has been Dean of the College of Communications at the Pennsylvania State University, Chair of Cinema Studies at New York University and Founding Research Director of the Glasgow University Media Group. His books include Claiming the Real (1995). As a television professional, he has worked on World in Action and has an Emmy for documentary script-writing. MEDIA TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY A HISTORY: FROM THE TELEGRAPH TO THE INTERNET BrianWinston London and New York First published 1998 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003.
    [Show full text]