Thar Desert in Pakistan Which Have
The Extractive Industries and Society 2 (2015) 276–286 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect The Extractive Industries and Society jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/exis Original Article ‘Religious identity and coal development in Pakistan’: Ecology, land rights and the politics of exclusion a,b, b,1 c,2 Muhammad Makki *, Saleem H. Ali , Kitty Van Vuuren a Centre for Communication and Social Change, School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Australia b Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, Sustainable Mineral Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia c School of Communication and Arts, The University of Queensland, Australia A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: This paper examines the role of religious identity in the context of a coal development project in District Received 25 October 2014 Tharparkar, Pakistan. Research was conducted in six rural communities located in the vicinity of the coal Received in revised form 2 February 2015 project. The results obtained are important for two reasons. First, they provide insights into the Available online 23 February 2015 heterogeneous composition of communities based on religious identity, which explains contrasting perceptions toward project development. Second, they entail a practical dimension that suggests that in Keywords: the process of assessment, development and management of coal resources, differences related to Coal religious and community identity must be recognized and taken into account to minimize community Conflict conflict. Hindu Pakistan ß 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Tharparkar 1. Introduction We explore this premise using a case study of Hindu and Muslim communities of the Thar Desert in Pakistan which have The complex relationship between people and environment, coexisted peacefully for centuries.
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