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Entomological Society of America Proposal Form for New Common Name or Change of ESA-Approved Common Name

Complete this form and e-mail to [email protected]. Submissions will not be considered unless this form is filled out completely.

The proposer is expected to be familiar with the rules, recommendations, and procedures outlined in the “Use and Submission of Common Names” on the ESA website at https://www.entsoc.org/pubs/use-and-submission-common-names.

1. Proposed new common name: spring tiphia

2. Previously approved common name (if any): none

3. Scientific name (genus, species, author): Tiphia vernalis (Rohwer) Order: Hymenoptera Family: Tiphiidae

Supporting Information

4. Please provide a clear and convincing explanation for why a common name is needed, possibly including but not limited to the taxon’s economic, ecological, or medical importance, striking appearance, abundance, or conservation status: Tiphia vernalis (along with another tiphiid, T. popilliavora), were among the insects that have been introduced into North America in a Classic Biological Control program to help manage effects of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), a non-native species that has developed into one of the most economically important insect pests in many areas of the United States. Tiphia vernalis has since become widely established and is considered to be one of the most important natural enemies of Japanese beetle in the United States.

Presently there are no North American Tiphiidae for which a common name has been proposed; these wasps rarely attract attention and their habit of developing on subterranean insects makes their activity go largely unobserved. It is the association of this species with very highly publicized biological control programs for Japanese beetle that has drawn this insect frequently into public discussion. With the recent expansions of range of Japanese beetle (e.g., eastern Colorado, Portland) there has been renewed interest in this insect and there are presently active programs to transfer it to new sites in the western United States.

It is recognized that ESA Common Name rules (Rule 8) discourage the use of scientific names in a common name. However, the use of “tiphia” in the common name for this species is well documented. The genus name is proposed to be used in lower case, in a

4/17/18 manner that parallels a similar recent situation involving Drosophila suzukii, “spotted- wing drosophila”.

Citation: King, J. L. and L. B. Parker. 1950. The spring tiphia, an imported enemy of the Japanese beetle. Publication E-799, USDA, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. 8 pp.

5. Stage or characteristic to which the proposed common name refers. This is one of two Tiphia spp. that were introduced by the USDA as part of the biological control program for Japanese beetle. Tiphia vernalis, the spring tiphia, has an adult stage that is active in spring.

Photos of Tiphia vernalis are on BugWood at https://bugguide.net/node/view/118122

6. Distribution (include references): This insect is native to Korea and was first introduced into the United States in 1925. It is widespread in the eastern United States and is being introduced into western states where Japanese beetle populations have established.

Clausen, C. P., J. L. King, and C. Teranishi. 1927. The parasites of Popillia japonica in Japan and Korea and their introduction into the United States. USDA, Dept. Bull. 1429. 56 pp.

King, J. L., B. Parker, and H. J. Willard. 1951. Status of imported parasites of the Japanese beetle in 1950. USDA. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Special Supplement 5: 1-14.

Ramoutar D., Legrand A. 2007. Survey of Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera:Tiphiidae) a parasitoid wasp of Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Connecticut. Fl. Entomol. 90:780-782

Reding, M. E. and M. G. Klein. 2007. Life history of oriental beetle and other scarabs, and occurrence of Tiphia vernalis in Ohio nurseries. Journal of Entomological Science. 42(3): 329-340.

7. Principal hosts (include references): This is a parasitoid of Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman and Oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse.

Clausen, C. P., H. A. Jaynes, and T. R. Gardner. 1933. Further investigations of the parasites of Popillia japonica in the Far East. USDA Technical Bulletin No. 366, July 1933. 57 pp.

Clausen, C. P., J. L. King, and C. Teranishi. 1927. The parasites of Popillia japonica in Japan and Korea and their introduction into the United States. USDA, Dept. Bull. 1429. 56 pp.

King, J. L. and L. B. Parker. 1950. The spring tiphia, an imported enemy of the Japanese beetle. Publication E-799, USDA, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. 8 pp.

4/17/18 King, J. L., B. Parker, and H. J. Willard. 1951. Status of imported parasites of the Japanese beetle in 1950. USDA. Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, Special Supplement 5: 1-14.

Reding, M. E. and M. G. Klein. 2001. Tiphia vernalis (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) parasitizing oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in a nursery. Biology. The Great Lakes Entomologist. 34 (2).

Reding, M. E. and M. G. Klein. 2007. Life history of oriental beetle and other scarabs, and occurrence of Tiphia vernalis in Ohio nurseries. Journal of Entomological Science. 42(3): 329-340.

8. Please provide multiple references indicating clearly that the proposed name is already established and ideally widespread in use. If the name has been newly coined for purposes of this application, please state so:

Tiphia vernalis is present in the Japanese beetle biological control literature from the early 1920s. By 1950, the common name ‘spring tiphia’ was established in the community and has been used in reference to this species ever since, particularly in extension literature. The species name for this insect is vernalis, which is Latin for spring. Its common name is therefore merely the English translation of the scientific name.

BugGuide. Spring Tiphia. https://bugguide.net/node/view/118122 (last accessed 04/01/2020)

King, J. L. and L. B. Parker. 1950. The spring tiphia, an imported enemy of the Japanese beetle. Publication E-799, USDA, Agricultural Research Administration, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine. 8 pp.

Legrand, A. 2012. The spring Tiphia: A natural enemy of Japanese beetle. University of Connecticut Integrated Pest Management Program. http://ipm.uconn.edu/documents/raw2/The%20spring%20Tiphia%20a%20natural%20ene my%20of%20the%20Japanese%20beetle/The%20spring%20Tiphia%20a%20natural%20 enemy%20of%20the%20Japanese%20beetle.php?aid=167 (last accessed 04/01/2020)

9. Please identify any common names in use (include references) that have been applied to this taxon other than the one herein proposed. Please justify why each alternate name is inadequate:

No other common names have been used for this species in the United States.

10. Please identify any other organisms to which your proposed common name could apply, giving careful consideration to closely related taxa. Please justify why the proposed common name is (i) unsuitable for each of those taxa and/or (ii) better suited for the proposed taxon:

4/17/18 There are other species of Tiphia that occur in the United States and elsewhere with overlapping activity periods in spring. However, their scientific names are not related to seasonality (vernalis is Latin for spring) and no other species has been referred to using this common name in the literature.

11. Please document your efforts to consult with entomologists (including taxonomic specialists), colleagues, or other professionals who work with the taxon as to the suitability and need for the proposed common name. Please note that this is an important element of your proposal; proposals that do not document these steps are less likely to be successful.

Several members of the entomology community were contacted regarding the use of spring tiphia as the common name for T. vernalis. Most of these individuals were contacted via email and asked whether they support the use of this common name for T. vernalis. All, without exception, agreed that this is the proper common name based on historic and present usage. Below is the list of those contacted for feedback and support of this application.

Dr. Ken Ahlstrom, North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (retired), [email protected] Dr. Alicia Bray, Central Connecticut State University, [email protected] Dr. Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University (retired), [email protected] Dr. Richard McDonald, Symbiont Biological Pest Management, [email protected] Dr. Jason Oliver, Tennessee State University, [email protected] Dr. Dan Potter, University of Kentucky, [email protected] Dr. David Shetlar, Ohio State University (retired), [email protected] Dr. David Held, Auburn University, [email protected] Dr. Mike Reading, USDA-ARS-Wooster, [email protected]

Proposed by: Dr. Karla Addesso

Address: Tennessee State University, Otis L. Floyd Nursery Research Center, McMinnville, TN 27110 E-mail: [email protected] Phone: 931-815-5155

Date submitted: May 11, 2020

4/17/18