mmr3ba 354 3DIGTa JoVl) IJ THE ENTERICA GROUP.7 ([, 1~z'8 or, I (c) With a prodromal rise of temperature for three TIlE_WAR. to five days, after which the temperature comes to normal for one to four days, and then the fever runs its prolonged course. " THE ENTERICA GROUP." (d) Simulating acute appendicitis, witlh Vomiting. A DISCtUSSION on the Enterica Group tock place at a recent Some ten or a dozen cases were operated on and the meeting of the Anzac Medical Society at Cairo. appendix removed. The inflammation of the appendix Lieut.-Colonel WALTER SUMMONS made a report on the was part of a general inflammatory condition of the cases of enterica at the lst Australian General Hospital intestines. at Heliopolis. Patients suffering from long-continued (e) With symptoms of acute gastro-enteritis. fevers were, he said, being met with in the medical wards (j) With signs and symptoms of pneumonia. from August, 1915, onwards. The agglutination blood tests did not give a positive Widal reaction to the typhoid The course of tlle fever in many cases was prolonged, bacillus, yet the clinical picture was similar to that of an and though the patient progressed favourably still the infection witlh this organism. Arrangements were then temperature ran into the sixth week before it came to miade with the Laboratory of the Institute of Hygiene, normal. The type of. fever was irregularly intermittent. Cairo, for the examination of the blood of these febrile Relapses were not uncommon, with a repetition of the cases. The staff of the laboratory had recently been signs and symptoms, but milder in dearee. Headache at augmented by Captain Hutchens and Myat, the onset was a distressing symptom, but this passed off two English bacteriologists. All tlle cases were Australians, in the fi-st week, and after passing througlh a lethargic and one can assuLme that all had been inoculated twice stage of varying duration the patient becalme bright and wvitlh antityphoid vaccine witllin the twelve montlhs prior had few troublesome symptoms. As a rule the patients to infection, and also that the patients had not been lost weight, but not to the extent of cases of true typhoid. inoculated with paratyphoid vaccine. For the blood tests From the rarity of serious complications and low mortality five cubic centimetres of blood were witlhdrawn into a figures one was inclined to allow more food. Distension syringe from a vein at the bend of tlle elbow as soon of the bowels and undigested food in the stools readily as tlle clinical picture was one of suspected enteric. The yielded to treatment. Apart from the occasional initial blood culture was only of value in the first ten days of the diarrhoea the bowels were constipated 'and relieved by illness except in tlle occasional case wlhen the organisms enemata. One of the early patients died of haemor. persisted, and in these the symptoms were severe. rhage, but this was before the nature of tlle fever had been recognized. Less than 1 per cent. Blood Examintations at thte Central Laboratory. of the cases had melaena; of the spleen Blood cultures * Agglutination tests: enlargement + Paratyphoid A ... 40 + Paratyphoid A 7...7 was an almost constant sign. Of the sequelae. the + Paratyphoid B ...... 12 + ParatyphoidB ... 18 cardiac affections took a prominent place. Myocardial + Typhoid. 5 + Paratyphoid A and B 2 weakness was common, and demanded prolonged con- Total... 57 ~~+Typhoid(strong) ... . 28 .Total ...... + Typhoid (weak) . 37 valescence. The pulse not infrequently did not become 1Tegative results ... ,, 128 Negative results 63 rapid until the patient had been allowed up. Less fre- Total cultures .., 185 Total performed .,. 225 quently a gross arrhythmia was found, and these cases did not improve till after a prolonged rest in bed. A few Not a few returns came back thus: Weak typhoid and cases of polyneuritis were seen, but more cases of limited + paratyphoid A or paratyphoid B. These are counted neuritis came to us amongst the convalescent patients as paratyphoid A or paratyphoid B respectively. In view transferred from other hospitals. Phlebitis, cholecystitist, of the rarity of + typhoid in the blood cultures, it is and nephritis were less common complications. Few evident that the agglutination test of B. typh7wsu8 is not soldiers, he thought, would suffer permanent damage as an index of actual infection with this bacillus. The value the direct result of the infection, and out of the 800 cases of the agglutination test in previously inoculated patients passed through the hospital there had been only five is open to discussion. Nevertheless, in this epidemic it deaths. This, however, did not give a true idea of the seems a fair inference to assume that a + paratyphoid mortality-rate. Half of the patients had reached the con- A or B is diagnostic of disease. After a universal prior valescent stage, and not a few were in bed for other inoculation it will have to be regarded that the only reasons wlhen the bowel infection developed. Moreover, proof of an enterica infection is the finding of the actual the most severe cases from Anzac were not sent to Cairo. organism in the blood or in-the excreta. As the hospital On the other hand, there was no greater fatality-rate served the double purpose of being the hospital for the amongst the cases that came from the Garrison Force. troops training in and of receiving patients from The European and Egyptian predominating organism was the Mediterranean force at , fuLrther analysis of paratyphoid B; in the Gallipoli infection paratyphoid A the positive results was made. Combining the blood largely predominated. As paratyphoid A was common in cultures and the agglutination tests, the totals are: , it might be that the Indian troops brouglht Chis M.E.F. Garrison. organism. It remained to be seen which bacillus was preva- Paratyphoid A .. 81 ., ... 34 lent amongst the Turks. The value of prophylactic injec- Paratyphoid B ...... 7.... 23 tions with antityphoid vaccine was uplheld. A number The proportion in the M.E.F. cases is 23 to 2, and in the of typhoid cases had occurred, and doubtless from the Garrison Force 3 to 2 of paratyphoid A to paratyphoid B. nature of the position %t Anzac the percentage would have TXhese infections seem to be clinically identical. From been much greater had not some opposing influence been observations of a single epidemic it has not been possible present. The troops had now to a large extent been to differentiate the various infections except by means of inoculated against paratyphoid A and B, and tlhis, com- the laboratory tests. The clinical aspect of the para. bined with the removal of carriers, would, it was hoped, typhoid patient differs from the well known typhoid lessen the number of cases next season. picture. The patient does not look so ill, in spite of the Colonel W. H. PARKER, C.M.G., D.D.M.S., temperature running on for weeks between 1030 and Forces, contributed, from the New Zealand General Hos- 1040 F. Tlle rash is decidedly more marked, and may be pital, Cairo, of which he was O.C., statistics of enteric so distributed that at first glance one thinks of measles, cases examined between November 1st, 1915, and February but the spots are only on the trunk and limbs as far as the 20th, 1916. elbows and knees; they are pinkish, not confluent, and Incidence.-The typhoid figure was slightly below, the vary in size, but usually are larger than the spots seen in paratyphoid A much above, and the paratyplhoid B much typhoid. Again, the spots often appear late in the disease, below, the figures given in the memorandum recently during the third week, and when the fever is defervescing. issued of results obtained in the laboratories of Cairo, Many of the attacks came while the men were in hospital Alexandria, and Mudros: N.Z. Memoranaum. for surgical ailments, and thus the first signs could be Total cases examined .170 ... Observed. The mode of onset in order of frequency was- Causative organism isolated in .. 34 per cent. ... Due to typhoid bacillus ... 10 ,, ... 11 (a) Gradual with severe headache that persists for Due to paratyphoid A ...... 73 , 44 a week and an increasing daily rise of temperature. Due to paratyphoid B ...... , 17 ,O ... 45 (b) With rigors and high temperature from the start, Place of Origin.-The cases classed in the following that shows little remission. table under the head Gallipoli includes those developing JULY 29, £I1 CASTALTM9 IR tlft2 IMfBlYCAL SERYVICES. =MxDIoALJOW.A. r5 enteric shortly after their return to Egypt; but the large received his medical education at St. Thlomas's Hospital,' number of cases direct from Gallipoli may account for and took the diplomas of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P.Lond. inl many failures to isolate the causative organism owing to 1905. He was house-surgeon to the East Hospital the period of disease oni examination: for Children, Shadwell, and house-physician to the Wesf Gallipoll. Egypt. London Hospital; afterwards he went to Total enterics ...... 89 Of which there were due to typhoid.5 and after serving as medical officer of the Beira railways, Paratyphoid A ...... 24 . 18 began to practise at Buluwayo, the chief town of Southern Paratyphoid B ... 1 9 Rhodesia, where he was medical officer of the Buluwayo The majority of the typlhoid cases were from Gallipoli, Government schools. He took a temporary commission as but 9 out of 10 of the paratyphoid B were local cases. Lieutenant in the R.A.M.C. on October 17tlh, 1914, was Inoculation.-Of the 170 cases of enteric: promoted to captain after a year's service, and was 54 per cent. had been ino^ulated with New Zealand vaccine attached to the . only. Captain Geoffrey Richard Heard, R.A.M.C., was reported 40 per cent. were inoculated with New Zealand vaccine and reinoculated with R.A.M.C. vaccine. as killed in action, in the casualty list published on 6 per cent. had no record of any inoculation at all. July 22nd. He was educated at the London Hospital, Of the typlhoid bases: qualified as M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P.Lond. in 1909, joined 2 had been inoculated with New Zealand vaccine. the R.A.M.C. as a temporary lieutenant on December 18th, 1 had received only the initial dose of New Zealand vaccine. 1914, and became captain after a year. He was attached 1 was a British soldier who had never been inoculated. 2 were inocutlated with New Zealand vaccine and reinoculated to the Royal Warwickshire . with t.A.M.C. vaccine. Captain H. G. Morris, R.A.M.C. (temporary). These figures indicate tbat, whatever may have been the Captain Douglas Wilberforce Smith is, we understand, Zealand vaccine, the the officer reported in the casualty list published on protection afforded by the New us R.A.M.C. vaccine gave no appreciably better result. July 15tll under the initials D. W. Smith, which led Mortality.-Of the 170 cases, 3 died, two from typhoid into the error of reporting last week the death of Captain and one from a clinical type of typhoid from which the David Wallace Smitlh, who is, we, understand, at present causative organism was never isolated. The mortality serving on the hospital ship Salta. Dr. Douglas Wilber- from enteric was therefore under 2 per cent. force Smith graduated as M.B., B.S.Lond. in 1901, and The bacteriological examinations of the blood, faeces, took the diploma of F.R.C.S.Eng. in 1911. He was a civil and urine, and the agglutination tests, were carried out at surgeon with the South African Field Force, and had been the Central Laboratory, Cairo. The percentage of positive ass'stant house-surgeon to Guy's Hospital, at which school results is satisfactory, considering that so many of the he received his medical education. He was for a time cases had been ill for some considerable time before Emden scholar in the Cancer Research Laboratory of the admission, and also that 19 were convalescents examined Mtddlesex Hospital, and wrote two reports on squamous for evidence of being carriers, with negative result in all cell carcinoma in respect of Altmann's granules in the instances. Many Widal reactions were made witlhout Archives of the Middlesex Hospital Cancer Reports. He much information of diagnostic value being obtained. had also held the office of registrar of the Samaritan Free This I attribute to the method adopted of requiring a Hospital for Women. specimen of blood for agglutination tests at the same time Lieutenant Raymond Jones, R.A.M.C., attached Royal as the blood culture, as early in the disease as possible, Welsh Fusiliers, was killed in action in July. He was and attempting to draw conclusions from the one examina- the son of the late R. Bettes Jones, of Llanrhaiadr, and tion as to the nature of the infection. Such a system was was educated at Oswestry High School and at University bound to give unsatisfactory and misleading results, College, , graduating as M.B. and Ch.B. of particularly in patients inoculated against typhoid, Victoria University in 1901. After serving as casualty first, because agglutinations are usually only formed in surgeon of the Southern Hospital, Liverpool, and acting the second and third week of the disease, and secondly, as assistemt to Dr. Owen, of Brymbo, Denbighshire, he because results of real diagnostic value could be obtained went into practice at Cardiff, till he recently took a bnly by several tests made at intervals of about a week, so temporary commission as lieutenant in the R.A.M.C. He as to obtain material for working out tlle curve showing was 39 years of age, and unmarried. the alteration in agglutinating power of the patient's blood. 'Such a curve worked out on one of our cases showed that Died of Woutnds. on the second day of the illness, when a blood culture Lieutenant Walton Ronald Wilsoni, R.A.M.C., died oS gave paratyphoid A, tlle patient's serum agglutinated July 12thl of wounds received the previous day, aged 25. typhoid in a dilution of 1 in 500, but failed to agglu- He was the only son of Dr. Wilson of Forest Hill, S.E;, tinate paratyphoid A or paratyphoid B in any dilutions. and was educated at Epsom College, where he gained an On the ninth day the serum agglutinated typhoid in a entrance scholarship, and also the Haviland leaving exhi- diluti6n of 1 in 1,000, but was still quite negative to both bition, with which lhe proceeded to Emmanuel College, Cam- paratyphoids. By the twenty-first day, however, the bridge. After graduating as B.A. in the Natural Science patient's serum agglutinated both typhoid and para- Tripos, he completed his medical course at Bart.'s, and typhoid A in a dilution of 1 in 125, and was still negative took the diplomas of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P.Lond. in to paratyphoid B. The obvious conclusion was, then, that October, 1915. After qualifying he took a temporary com- the patient' developed an immunity to the infecting mission as lieutenant in the R.A.M.C., and at the time of organism-namely, paratyphoid A. Had any opinion been his death was attached to the Seaforth Highlanders. He given on the tests of the second and ninth days it would was married only last April. have been quite misleading. The patient developed Captain Frank Lee Cleland, R.A.M.C., died of wounds symptoms just after arrival in Egypt from Gallipoli. in July. He was the elder son of Mrs. Cleland of Owing, no doubt, to the system adopted, the agglutina- Breda House, Newtownbreda, co. Down, and was educated tion tests on our cases disagreed with the results of the at the Metlhodist College and at Queen's University, cultural tests in 50 per cent. of the cases. They are, of Belfast, where he graduated as M.B., B.Ch. and B.A.O. in course, no loiiger being carried out. January, 1915, immediately afterwards entering the Invaliding of Enteric Cases.-The principle adopted R.A.M.C. as a temporary lieutenant on February 1st, 1915. now with New Zealand troops is that the cases which He was promoted to captain on completion of a year's have given negative results after blood cultures, and also service. examinations of urine and faeces, are returned to duty and Captain Robert Williams Michell, R.A.M.C., died on only carriers are invalided. July 220th, aged 56, of wounds received on July 3rd, while bringing in wounded men from " No man's land." He was- THE MEDICAL SERVICES. the eldest son of Richard Ferris Michell, of Truro, was CASUALTIES IN educated at Caius College, Cambridge, and at Bart.'s, anid ARMY. graduated as M.A.Camb. in 1889, M.B. and B.C. in 1894, Killed in Action. and M.D. in 1899; he took the F.R.C.S.Eng. in 1895. CAPTAIN JOHN HENRY DYKB ACLAND, R.A.M.C., was re- After filling the posts of senior clinical assistant in the ported as killed in action, in the casualty list published on throat department and of house-physician at Bart.'s, and July 24th. He was born in 1880, the son of the late Rev. house-physician of the General Lying-in Hospital in York JI. Dyke Acland, vicar of Luscombe, Somersetshire. Ee Road, he went into practice at Cambridge. He served ii l56 J 1 CASUALTIgS IN TEE MDICA1 ARtC. LJULY- 2g, 1916

tbe Soulth African war and held the Queen's medal With probably now will not see the ligIt. Nevertheless, in one thlree clasps. On October 25th, 1914,-he took a-temporar wVay or another, Michell's researches on. cardiac disorders commission as lieutenant in the R.A.M.O., and was pro- became -well known both to" the profession and to the moted to captain after a year's arvice. He served for public, so that his opinion was sought in many responsible some time on the hospital ship Asturids, and was on board cases. Sometimes he attended scientific discussions, on her when a German submarine tried to torpedo her, but cardiac questions, but the loose general statements which since May, 1915, lhad been attached to the Royal Gairison too often find their way into such conversations made him Artillery at the front. angry. ._Likewise he was liable to be moved- to wrath if on We are indebted to Sir CLIFFrORD ALLBUTT for the one of his cases another opinion were given on half the following note: consideration and often :on less experience than he had May I on - my own part, on -the part of my college of given to it. On such occasions, like Laurence Boythorne, Gonville and Caius, of this Universitv, and of a still wider he would express himself with as much vigour andl point circle, address to you. a few words in memory of our and with as little malice. colleague and friend Robert Micliell, whose death, almost on This independent and warm temper stood his and the field of battle, we are deploring. How he met his the. in good stead in the South African death while leading a volunteer party to bring in wounded war, through which he served with distinction. His menn lying then two days out between the foirces, I need combats with red tapists were Homeric, and in those days not narrate. It is sufficient to say that his glorious deeds the R.A.M.C. had scarcely entered upon its present splendid are in everyone's mouth. career. As on the historic breaking open of the cupboard Miclhell's me&i3al practice was clhiefly among the of Miss Nightingale, so on one occasion Michell signalled undergraduates and younger graduates of the University; that if certain supplies were not granted immediately, he; over the young men he had an ascendancy almost being a volunteer, would leave for at once and unquestioned and most beneficent. Besides his medical report the circumstances to the War Office. The threat abilities, he was manly, courageous, almost fiercely was effectual. straightforward; and he- ruled the young men with a Thlus a man, who to hiis intellectual endowments added decision and good sense which they fully understood a rare strength, courage, and independence of character, and respected. In former years a good oarsman, and up has made, a glorious end; for our own loss we may grieve, to hi; departure for the war still active.as a coach on the but for him we cannot -repine. It is reported that when rive-, he was justly regarded as an authority on the he was struck he said, "Never mind me, it is well worth hygienic aspects of athletics, and generally acted as it; we have brought in seven of the men." referee on behalf of thle captain of the University boat. As every now and then Michell was good enough to invite Died on Service. me to the discussion of some of the heath problems Temporary Colonel Sir Victor Horslev, A.M.S., died arising out of the various kinds of athletics, I had oppor- of heatstroke at Amara., in Mesopotamia, on July 16th, tunities of extending my own experience in this depart- aged 59. A full obituary appears at p. 162. ment of medicine, especially -in cardiac cases and in the Lieutenant-Colonel Pulteney Charles Gabbett, Indian phenomena of adolescent albuminuria. Some little of Medical Service (ret.), died in Mesopotamia on July 1lth, Michlell"s work on heart stresses is published, but, had he aged 47. He was born on October lgth, 1868, the son of been spared to us, there was much more to come. On the the late Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Gabbett, C.B., of the question of adolescent albuminuria unhappily he had pub- 95th Regiment, wvas educated at St. Thomas's Hospital, lished notliing, biut his notes and experience in this difficult and took the diplomas of M.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P.Lond. in subject would lavebeenveryvaluable. One case Iremeinber 1891. Entering, the I.M.S. as surgeon-lieutenant on caused hiim muclh anxiety. In the urine of a fine oarsman, July 27th, 1892, he became surgeon-captain on July 27th, a mainstay of the University boat of the year, Michell 1895; on July 27th, 1904; and lieutenant-colonel found albumin in abundance-so much that, on heating, it on July 27th, 1912, retiring a month later, on August 26th, turned almost solid. The race was about a month away; 1912. After leaving India he took up practice at Ottery what was to be done? WVe thought that, for hiis own sake St. Mary, in Devonshire, but was recalled to duty for the as well as for that of the boat, the man had better retire; war. He had previously.served on the North-West that he would probably break down in training. However, Frontier of India, in the Tirah campaign of 1897-98, and after much consideration, the captain decided that for so held the frontier medal with two clasps; but for several good an oar he would take the risk. This man, always years before his retirement had held the posts of professor witlh his urine full of albumin, went throtigh training of surgery in Madras Medical College, and first surgeon to without tuLrning a hair, rowed in the race doing his full the Madras Hospital. He was the author of two small work, and has, I believe, continued in good health ever books-Four Common Surgical Operations in India, and since. This is but an instance of the kind of work A Manualfor Women's Volhntariy Aid Detachnments. Michell did here, and of the services he gave to the Lieutenant S. W. Burrell, R.A.M.C. athletic sports. (temporary). But he did far more than this: Michell was an example of a man in busy general practice who transacted it all in Wounded. the Captain C. A. Bernard, R.A.M.C. (temporary). spirit, method, and assiduity of science. With some Captain W. A. Coats, R.A.M.C. (temporary). skill as a mechanic, he worked out all his cardiac cases Captain H. N. Goode, R.A.M.C. (temporary). with.close precision and ingenuity. His inner consulting- Captain Andrew Grant, R.A.M.C. (temporary), room was lilie a joiner's shop : tools and materials scattered attached about, piles of notes on the tables, endless strips of graphic to the Royal Fusiliers. curves-polygraphic, electrographic, curves of blood pres- Captain A. Hamilton, R.A.M.C.(T.F.). sures, chest diagrams, anid so forth. And his patients were Captain R. M. Miller, R.A.M.C. (temporary). so accustomed to his ways that they let him do anything Captain J. W. N. Roberts, R.A.M.C. (temporary). with them he liked; he had free access to their rooms at Captain F. -Sanders, R.A.M.C. (S.R.). any hour, and thtus under-a variety of conditions obtained Captain L. D. Shaw, R.A.M.C. (temporary). records whiclh are perhapA unique. For instance, he would Captain H. P. Thomasson, R.A.M.C.(T.F.). get morning blood pressure records from men who had Captain H. P. Whitworth, R.A.M.C. (S.R.). slept all night, and were hardly awake. The cuff had been Lieutenant C. B. Davies, R.A.M.C. (temporary). adjusted over night, and at 7 a.m. the patient, seeing that Lieutenant G. J. Fraser,-R.A.M.C. (temporary). " Lieutenant M. G. it was " only Michell would have his pressures taken Pettigrew, R.A.M.C. (temporary). before any effort, and almost witlhout knowing it. Lieutenant C. M. Rowlette, R.A.M.C. (temporary). Michell was so impressed by the complexity and Lieutenant A. J. R. Taylor, R.A.M.C. obscurity of cardiac problems that it was difficult to per- Captain Hamilton had previously been reported as suade himuto publislh any of hiis researches, and I fear for wounded, a fortnight ago, and Captain Roberts as missing the same reason that we shall find little left ready for last week. publication. For Allbutt and Rolleston's Sy8tem of Prisoner of War. Medicine Mlielell had contributed a few short paragraphs, Captain W. R. W. Haight, Canadian Army Medical and I know he had collected some further notes for a Corps, reported as missing in the beginning of June, lhas separate edition of my article in that Spstep. which now. beep reported to be a prisoner of war. JULY 29, x9g6] ENGLAND AND . (M AL JOURiAL T57

DEATHS AMONG SONS OF MEDICAL MEN. proceeded to the University of , and had just completed Bidwell, Leonard John, Midshipman, R.N., eldest son of the the first year of his medical course when he received his late Leonard A. Bidwell, F.R.C.S., accidentally killed on commissilQn in June, 1915. July 17th.. He was born in 1897, jQined Osborne at Easter, 1910, Laidlaw, J. Leslie, Second Lieutenant Argyll and Sutherland and served in H.M.S. Cuimlberland, being wounded in the Highlanders, who died of wounds, was the only son of the Rev. Cameroons in October, 1914. John Laidlaw of St. John's Manse, Kelso. He received his Eminson, R. A. F., Second Lieutenant, B.A.Camb., who fell commission in October, 1914, and went to in February in action on July 20th, aged 24, was the son of Dr. T. B. F. last. He had completed the second year of his medical course Eminson, of Scotter, Gainsborouglh. His education began at at the University of Edinburgh. Terra Nova School, Birkdale, whence he obtained an entrance Mullally, Desmond, Captain Northumberland Fusiliers, scholarship at Epsom College, and, after three years, passed on youngest son of Mr. William Mullally, of 441, Sauchiehall to Downing College, Cambridge, obtaining the B.A. in the Street, Glasgow, died of wounds received oni July 1st. Before natural science tripos, with a special diploma in agriculture. the war he was a medical student at Glasgow University, where When war broke out he was in Northern Rhodesia, investi- he was in the O.T.C. He was slightly wounded on June 26tl, gating the life-history of the tsetse fly for the British South but remained on duty, and received a fatal wound five days Africa Companiy, but obtained leave, and returning to England, later. went through an officer's training course at Cambridge, and Stewart, James Fleming, Royal Engiineers, aged 22, then passed into the King's Royal Rifles, and afterwards into killed in action on June 28th, was the son of the late Rev. J. the Corps. He received commendation for the Stewart of Prenmay, Aberdeenshire, and was a medical student handling of his gun at the Crassier at Loos on the explosion of at the University of Edinburgh. a Germani mine on the night of April 5th-6th; and was expected home on short leave when extended hostilities intervened. Fountain, John Alfred Arnott, Second Lieutenant King's Own NOTES. Yorkshire Light Infantry, secolnd son of Dr. E. Osborne Foun- taml, of Crossley House, Ruislip, Middlesex, killed on July 1st, TRANSPORT OF WOUNDED BY AEROPLANE. aged 23. He got his colimissiQn on FebruLary 23rd, 1915. THE possibility of using aeroplanes for the- discovery anud Head, Leslie Dymoke, CaptainiKing's Own Yorkshire Light tr'alsport of wounded men was a great deal canvasse(d for Infantry, younger son of Dr. Percy Head, of the Gables, some years before the war, and some experimental flights Staines, killed July 2nd, aged 28. He became lieutenant on were made in this country. In May, 1912, the Association des October 30th, 1914. Dames Francaises submitted to the French War Minister a Macnamara, Carroll Charles, eldest son of N. C. Macnamara, suggestioni that ten biplane ambulances slhould be attached F.R.C.S., of Chorley Wood, Herts, at one time Treasurer of to eaclh army corps. During the French manceuvres of the the British Medical Association, died of woun(ds received on same year Dr. Emile Reymond, wlho was kille(d earlv in thje July 1st. He was educated at Winchester, and got his first war, was instructed to make experiments; he reported that commission in 1896. He served in the South African war, and the -aeroplane would be useful in the discovery of the wounded, was afterwar(ds appointed A.D.C. to Lord Milier, the High in carrying dressings, and as a means of communiicationi be- Commissioner. In 1904-05 he served in India, and in 1905-06 tween medical stations, but said nothing as to the tranlsport of with the Chinese regiment at Wei-hai-Wei. He joined the wounded, with regard to which he hadl niot been inistructed to Egyptian army on June 20th, 1906, commanded the Equatorial inquire. The French Air League thereupon took steps to call battalion, and received the Order of the . He became major an international conference of Red Cross societies for the pur- on December 20th, 1914. From Egypt he wenit to Gallipoli, pose of securing the neutralization of " saniitary aviators," but where lhe was wounded. In AMay last he rejoined the Royal the War Miinister formed the opinion that tlbe transport of Irish Rifles as commanlding officer of a battalion. wounded by aeroplane was not practicable, and- the matter Macqueen, Thomas Malcolm, Lieuteniant East Lancashire dropped. According to Professor R. Blainchar( (Paris 1JIdical, Regiment, second son of Dr. T. Macqueen of Bolton House, Juily 15th), aeroplanes were use(d for the transport of wounde(i , killed on July 15th, aged 29. He was educated at on a small schle wlhen the Serbian army, retreating throuLgh Eastbourne College, wvent to in 1912 in the service of the the snow of tlhe Albanian mountainis, was hotly pressed by the Yangtze Insurance Association, and left Shanghai in December, Bulgarians at Prizenid. In all thirteen sick or wounded men 1914, to join the army. He got his first commission on February were carried to Scttari and Valloina, the distances varyinig from 6th, 1915, and had l)eii at the fronit sinice last July. 150 to 250 kilometres. In onie case a journiey of 330 kilometres Marshall, J. Woodall, Lieutenant Northumberland Fusiliers, was made in two stages. The machines; which had seen much son of Dr. Marshall of South Shields, killed in July. He was service, were in bad condition, and the dangers elncountered by educated at Prior Park, Bath; Ratcliffe College, Leicester, anld the pilots were very great. Oakham ; also studied at Halnover and Bruges, after whichi he became a student of law in Newcastle. He had served in the Nortlhunmberland Yeomanry, but failed to pass the sight test for active service. After doinig ambulance work in , he joined the Foreigni Legion in France. In February, 1915, all British ldgionntair*es were transferred to the Britislh army. On Marclh 3rd, 1915, he got lis commiission, went to the front early UNIVERSITY OF WALES. in 1916, and had gained the for the rescue of a AT the court of the University of wounded man under heavy fire. Wales, held at Aberyst- Masoni, Alani E. G., Second Lieutenant Leicestershire Regi- wyth last week, a resolution was adopted on the muotion of menit, second son of Dr. H. Mason of Leicester, died on June the Principal of the -University Collego of Nortlh Wales 30thl of wounds receive(d the dav before, aged 20. expressing the opinion ."that adequate teaching freedomi Meade, Horace W., Captain Royal Regiment, youngest for the staffs of the three constituelnt colleges can be son of the late Dr. Warren Meade, of Alverstoke, Hants, killed on July 13tli, aged 31. He became lieuteniant oni November 2nd, secured withiout thle disrulptioni of tle existing federal 1914, and got his companly on December 30th, 1914. university." In supportina it thie Principal of the Univer- Parr-Dudley, Johjn Huskissotr, Second Lieutenanit Royal sity College of Southi Wales said that the present charter Fusiliers (City of Lon(don Regiment), eldest soni of Dr. Parr- was unworkable. The systeiii didc not givo the young Dudley, of East Malling, kiilled on July 1st, aged 20. He was people of Wales the same clhances as thje youlng people of educated at Crauibroolk School, Kent, where he "was head of the school, and captain of and football. He then studied England. The student's only airn in life seemed to be to engineering at Faraday House, where lie gained a silver medal. pass examinations. Greater freedom should be given to He got his comlmission oIn January 25th, 1915, and went to the teachers, and the court ought to be ready for the chalnges frOnt ill July, 1915. wllich were surely coming. Before tllis a resoltution lhad Phillips, Clhristian Gibson, MIajor King's Owii Royal Laneaster been adopted, on the Regiment, youn)ger soIn of the late Dr. Robert Phillips, of motion of Mr. William George, Bromley, Kent, killed oni July 10th. He served with the expressing tlle opinion that the Royal Commission on mounted infantry in the South African war, and was wounded. higher education in Wales slhould visit Whles for the pur- His regiment was in India wlhen the war began, and reached pose of taking evidence of a non official character. In tlhe France in January, 1915. He was wounded on March 23rd, course of the discussion Welslh members of Parliament 1915, rejoined, was again invalided in September, and wvent to came in for a the front again last month. Three of his four great-grandfathers good deal of criticism on the ground of their served at Waterloo. alleged indifference to tlle matter, but it was stated that Spencer, Artlhur Egerton, Lieutenant Slherwood Foresters at tlle request of thle chairman of the Royal Commission (Notts and Derby Regiment), son of Dr. Macrea(ly Spencer, thev had formed a committee to deal witlh it. of Builth Wells, killed in the battle of the Somme, aged 20. His first commission was dated March 13th, 1915. MATERNITY REST HOME AT LIVERPOOL. A maternity rest home was MEDICAL STUDENTS. opened in Liverpool last Dunn, W. J., Secoind Lieutenant King's Own Scottish week, designed to furnish expectant mothers witlh the Borderers, killed, was the only son of Captain Peter Duni, necessary rest and medical attention tllat may be required. second master at the Laurieknowe Schlool, Dumfries, who is at Patients suffering from the diseases of pregniancy, en- present serving with thle Royal Scots at Cyprus. He was dangering eitlher the life of tlle motlher or of the child, studying medicine at RDdinblurgh UJniversity before the war, will lhave the first claim on tlle and had been awt the fronlt for six months. lhomue. It contains twelve Kennedy, Robert, Second Lieutenant Royal Scots Fusiliers, beds, and owes its origin to the staff of tlle Liverpool aged 20, who has been killed, was the elder sonl of Captain Ross Lying-in Hospital, wlho have had the sad experience at Kiennedy of Ayr. After being educated at the Ayr Academy he times of the results of want of care, nursing, and nutrition