Annual Progress Report 2016

Respect for Women’s Political Rights: Fostering Political Environments for Equal Participation and Leadership of Women in Political Parties

May 2017

MFA activity number: 26091

1

Contents Executive Summary ...... 3 1. Introduction ...... 5 2. Monitoring & Learning ...... 6 3. Colombia ...... 7 3.1 Political update ...... 7 3.2 Programme 2015 ...... 8 3.3 Milestone achievement ...... 9 3.4 Key observations ...... 13 4. Kenya ...... 14 4.1 Political update ...... 14 4.2 Programme 2015 ...... 14 4.3 Milestone achievement ...... 15 4.4 Key observations ...... 17 5. Tunisia ...... 18 5.1 Political update ...... 18 5.2 Programme 2015 ...... 18 5.3 Milestone achievement ...... 18 5.4 Key observations ...... 20 6. Knowledge agenda ...... 21 6.1 Update on the knowledge agenda ...... 21 6.2 Milestones achievement ...... 21 7. Notes to the WPR financial report and the 2017 revised planning ...... 23

2

Executive Summary

The WPR Programme is funded under the Human Rights financing framework of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands and aims to create enabling political environments where all political rights are upheld, and it addresses constraints women face it their pursuit of a political career or as advocate for women’s political empowerment. Based on its good and bad practices, the programme aims to produce knowledge on what works when influencing issues of gender-equality in politics for democracy practitioners.

After the internal learning workshop in the beginning of 2016, the participants from Kenya, Tunisia and Colombia decided to focus for the remainder of the WPR project on the implementation of the Gender Assessment Reports, and the action plans for improving gender equality that were subsequently developed. These plans and their implementation contribute to ensure equal rights and equality of opportunities for political careers for men and women, young and old, poor and rich.

Building on the first two years of implementation of the WPR programme (2014 and 2015), in 2016 results became visible. Some of the highlight of the programme are:

 In the three countries, most of the political parties committed themselves to amend (or draft) their internal rules because of the Gender Assessment Reports and Action Plans. In Colombia, the Gender Ranking, comparing 2012 with 2016, shows that 4 out of 10 parties improved their scores, mainly related to an increase of women in senior positions of the party.  Each of the programme countries completed the comparative Factsheet on Gender and Political Finance.  The WPR programme is functioning as a flywheel both within the programme countries as in other NIMD programmes: - Inspired by the methodology of the Gender Assessment Reports (GAR), and building on previous experience of the first Ranking of Gender Equality among Political Parties, the NIMD office in Georgia included the GAR methodology in their second Gender Ranking. - By showing the advancements made with the WPR programme, CMD-Kenya managed to secure funding from UN Women to increase levels of women representation in political representation at the National and County levels. The UN Women support adds on to the WPR project. Identification and engagement of male change agents will therefore be implemented under the UN Women framework. With the freed up WPR funds, CMD-Kenya will implement an Observatory on Electoral Violence against Women during the 2017 elections.  In Tunisia, Mrs. Neziha Labidi from Al-Moubadara party was appointed Minister of women’s affairs, and Ms Saoussen Ksibi Barka from UPL party was elected at the executive bureau of her party. Both declared they used the skills and capacities that they had acquired during the WPR capacity building sessions.  Sharing of best practice: in Tunisia, an interesting sharing of experience took place on women and youth political participation between political men and women from Tunisia and from the Liberal Party of Canada.  NIMD-IDEA started with the conceptualization on the content and inventory of publications/knowledge resources for the Access-Participation-Transformation Tool that will be presented and ready to use at the end of 2017.  Colombian Congress approved procedures to regulate the alternation and parity established by law.

3

 Inclusion of male politicians in ensuring gender equality: in Colombia, male politicians expressed themselves about the importance of female political participation and against violence against women in the video “Violence against women in politics: this is not normal!”. In Kenya, high-level male politicians from various political parties expressed themselves in favour of the no more than 2/3 rule. In Tunisia, male and female politicians participated in the exchange on the importance of women and youth political participation with Canada.

There are however also remaining challenges:

 Though in every country NIMD and IDEA try to expand the WPR focus to the local level, the main part of activities still takes place at capital level. This is a pity, as we recognize that barriers for women participation tend to be even higher at municipal level.  Dissolving parties, internal changes in the leadership of the party or of the gender focal point, make it hard to build a long-term constructive relationship with the parties. This goes especially for parties that are poorly structured and that function as electoral vehicles rather than representative political parties.  Women political participation is affected by a lack of clear and transparent procedures when naming candidates representing the party in elections at the national and local levels.  The way media deepen the existing gender stereotypes, hamper opportunities for female leadership.  In Kenya, the challenge remains to capture the constitutional norm of no more than two- thirds of each gender, in national legislation or rules and regulations. This is especially important in light of the August 2017 elections.  It is difficult to ensure the commitment of the highest political party leaders to endorse reform processes in favour of equal rights for men and women.

4

1. Introduction

This is the Annual Report 2016 for the ‘Respect for Women’s Political Rights’ programme (WPR) implemented in Colombia, Kenya and Tunisia aimed at strengthening women’s political participation and leadership. The programme started in January 2014 and this report covers the third year of implementation from January 2016 – December 2016.

In the first quarter of 2016, NIMD organized the WPR learning workshop to exchange experiences and define the way forward for 2016 and 2017, with a view of obtaining the best possible results. The workshop parted from the idea to get to an All Gender Restroom: political parties as spaces that men and women want to participate in. Where they feel acknowledged and seen, not because of their sex, age or background, but based on what they have a party to offer.

Based on the input of the WPR participants from Colombia, Tunisia and Kenya, the participants jointly took the decision to replace the original log frame by the WPR Roadmap for Action and focus on achieving output 1.3 and 2.1. Meaning, that for 2016 and 2017 all WPR country teams focus on:

1.3 The Gender Assessment Report (GAR) and subsequently on the implementation of the action plan based on the GAR.

2.1 Enhancing the political capacities of female politicians, candidates and women’s wings.

5

2. Monitoring & Learning

The WPR programme seeks to contribute with tools, knowledge and information to a more favourable environment for women political participation. NIMD and International IDEA are committed to share these tools beyond the programme countries. A good example of this is the way the NIMD Georgia office made use of the WPR products, incorporating them in their own planning to overcome gender barriers.

In 2016, IDEA and NIMD started to plan for the closing conference in October 2017. The conference will bring together politicians from NIMD and IDEA country programmes, partner organizations working on equal rights, and NIMD and IDEA staff members.

The objective of this international seminar is to increase the understanding of barriers impeding or slowing down women’s political participation and equip the participants with knowledge and tools on how to diminish or overcome these barriers.

International IDEA and NIMD prepared a series of videos, briefs and publications during the implementation of the WPR programme. The idea is to have a visual aid/interactive website that guides the user through the different tools and knowledge products related to promote women political participation, the Access – Participation – Transformation (APT) Tool. The starting point of the APT Tool is the Roadmap towards inclusive political parties as developed during the Mid Term Learning Exercise with representatives from the three programme countries Kenya, Tunisia and Colombia and NIMD and IDEA HQ staff, therefore we refer to the site as APT Roadmap.

6

3. Colombia 3.1 Political update 2016 was a highly volatile year in Colombia’s political life. The conclusion of the Peace Talks developed over a four-year period in Havana, Cuba, between the National Government and the guerrilla FARC- EP, was at the centre of the public agenda and dominated political discussions. On October the 2nd, six days after Colombian government and FARC signed the final agreement in Cartagena, the referendum took place. Although the polls predicted the “yes” vote to win, the majority of the voters decided not to endorse the Peace Agreement by a narrow margin of 50,21% to 49,78%. The result surprised many and controversy turned around the fact that in the most violent regions of the country the Peace Agreements had the greatest support, while in many intermediate cities that have not faced the armed conflict directly the opposition was stronger. While there are many reasons to which the failure of the referendum was attributed, the inclusion of gender language within the agreement is something that many claim was a significant source of support for the opposition. The Government and FARC resumed negotiations in Havana to create an agreement in which the diverse views of the society were better incorporated. Thankfully, the peace deal signed on November 24 retained a focus on women’s rights. The revised agreement states, “The recognition of equal rights between men and women and the special circumstances of everyone, especially women, regardless of their marital status, life cycle and family and community relationship, is a subject of rights and of special constitutional protection.” It also underscores “the need to ensure affirmative measures to promote such equality, the active participation of women and their organizations in peace-building and recognition of the victimization of women because of the conflict.” While this sends out a very important signal, it represents the mere starting point for the inclusion of gender within the post-conflict process. Even though the Peace Agreements intend to finish a long-term conflict, political violence continues in Colombia, especially against vulnerable groups such as farmers, ethnic minorities, LGBTI leaders, or those representing left-wing opposition ideas. This phenomenon reached a new peak in 2016, when, according to reports by the Agrarian Summit, 94 Human Rights defenders and community leaders were assassinated, the highest figure in the last 6 years and 31 more than the previous year. There were also 46 homicide attempts against social leaders, 302 cases of threats and 5 disappearances. Most of these leaders are/were members of the left-wing political groups ‘Marcha Patriótica’. At the same time, political parties -as Partido Liberal, Partido de la U, Partido Conservador and Polo Democrático Alternativo- carried out their national conventions in 2016. Significant changes have taken place in their leadership and structures in anticipation to the 2018 elections. The party’s positioning in the development of the Peace Agreements and their support to President Santos’ Government have generated internal tensions in Partido Conservador and Polo Democrático Alternativo, leading to the fragmentation of their structures and the weakening of their leadership at the national level. It is expected that in 2017 a re-accommodation of political forces takes place and that parties form new coalitions to strengthen their positions before the national elections, which will probably intensify political polarization affecting governability and the implementation of the Peace Agreements.

7

3.2 Programme In 2016, the WPR Colombia programme concentrated on providing technical support to the gender offices of political parties and movements, aiming to strength their influence on the parties and the decisions that they make. Through the presentation of the research “Equality ranking between men and women in political parties and movements, 2014-2015”, the implementation of the roadmaps towards equality and by supporting the preparation of technical reports, the strengths, weaknesses, needs and demands of women in their struggle for gender equality inside parties and political movements became apparent. By supporting the multiparty roundtables, the WPR programme was able to create the necessary space for discussion and provide inputs to women to increase their leadership, empowerment and influence in the reform projects proposed by the Government. In addition, it advocated for new emerging groups to strengthen processes of gender equality and inclusion within their political entities. The “Perception Survey of Elected women 2012-2015”, identified that not only formal and informal barriers limit women's access to politics and their effective political exercise, but that violence plays an important role. This phenomenon, known globally as Violence Against Women in Politics, is a silent factor that strongly and negatively influences the participation, leadership, and empowerment of women in the political arena. Therefore, the WPR programme launched a research on this topic and a related "NO es Normal" (“It is NOT normal”) campaign, which was the first one to publicize this issue nationwide. This helped to create awareness about the repercussions that this kind of violence has among women, political parties and democracy in general. It also enabled the programme to set priorities for the remainder of the programme implementation in 2017, by identifying the incidences of violence and by offering recommendations for both women, political organisations and relevant institutions to counter this phenomenon.

8

3.3 Milestone achievements

WPR outcome Indicator Progress

Increased percentage of "40% of the parties increased their ranking in the organizational women in higher positions dimension of the equality ranking, which includes the variable of within political parties more women in government positions and management positions. (National Executive Committees; Branch Management, Electoral Boards)

Improved engagement of The directives of 6 political parties, both men and women, commit men in pushing for gender to the implementation of the gender assessment report to equality and women’s advance the inclusion of women within the party. Among the political participation. commitments are:- Identify and support women's leadership.- Training for the leadership of women.- Recognize and make visible the work of women within the parties.- Work to convince the men of the party on the importance of having more women leading the political processes.- Promote the political participation of indigenous women

Number of legal reforms NIMD has accompanied two (2) projects of law presented in the that promote women’s Congress to regulate the principles of Parity, Alternation and political empowerment Universality in the application of the Quota have been adopted in political parties’ democracy processes. 2. By 2018, Number and quality of Two bills were presented by parliamentarians from the Alianza politicians’ capacity in gender-sensitive policy Verde Party to regulate parity, alternation and universality in the gender-sensitive proposals and statements quota of female participation. The Alianza Verde Party policymaking and made by politicians in participated in the construction of the gender assessment report legislation has parliament and parties and in the women's multi-party table. improved. that participated in programme activities.

WPR Output Indicator Progress 2015 - 2016 The number of Gender Assessment Six (6) Gender Assessment Reports Reports (GAR) produced by political (GAR) were produced. The parties parties. that built the GAR are: Polo Democrático, Alianza Verde, Conservador, Mira, Mais, Union Patriotica.

The methodology used consisted of a presentation of the Equality Ranking to each party and a planning exercise for the definition of the lines of work in each political GAR.

In Colombia, there are 13 parties with legal status, which means that 46% of the parties represented in the Congress produced a Gender Assessment Report. The percentage of male 36% of the male representatives of representatives of parties’ executive the executive bodies of the parties leadership bodies that participates in that produced an RAG participated in its construction.

9

WPR activities related to GAR organized. 1.2 Messages and statements The percentage of male 30 political leaders (average of publically voiced by members of the representatives of parties’ executive participants per session) from parties’ executive leadership (that leadership that openly promote different parties and ideological participated in WPR activities) that women’s political empowerment in tendencies participated in the 18 promote women’s political parliament, media and/or public discussion sessions coordinated by empowerment events. UNDP and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, regarding the political reforms that will take place due to the peace agreement.

The number of political parties that Eight (8) parties, out of the 13 existing request and use technical support ones, received technical assistance from WPR programme to implement from the WPR Program. Five (5) instruments and strategies for parties for the construction of the women’s political participation and Gender Assessment Report (GAR): leadership. Polo, Mais, Conservador, Alianza Verde, Mira; One (1) party with revision of statutes and inclusion of affirmative measures: National Unity. One (1) party with strategic planning, organizational strengthening of the women's office and construction of the GAR: Union Patriotica. One (1) party with technical support in the development of the women's convention: the Partido Liberal. 61% of parties in Colombia have received direct technical support from the WPR Programme The number of interparty dialogue 1 inter-party meeting of elected sessions (IDS) discussing barriers and women held in the Department of reforms that influence on women’s Caldas. This meeting of was held with political participation and leadership. the Governor and a Parliamentarian. A training was carried out for 28 councillors in Public Policies of Equality, political communication, political control, implementation of the peace agreement and Violence against Women in Politics.

18 discussion sessions coordinated by UNDP and the Ministry of Internal Affairs, regarding the political reforms. Those 18 sessions constituted discussions on a high political level, and timely promoted scenarios to reach agreements on the main political reforms that will took place in Colombia. The events were an opportunity to engage in discussions about the importance of women’s participation in electoral, party system and Statute of Opposition reforms. The number of political parties’ male During the 18 discussion sessions representatives of executive about political reforms, 85% (25-26 leadership that participated in 3 or per session) of the participants were more IDS. male members of parties, most of them political leaders. Three activities were carried out for capacity building and support for women political leaders by 2017.

10

formation, policymaking and potential politicians. - One (1) working session with the legislation have improved. network of mayors of the department of Nariño. - One (1) working session with deputies from Valle del Cauca and councillors from the Municipality of Buenaventura. - One (1) working session with the national network of mayors and the Colombian federation of municipalities - Meeting with the Gender and Women Affairs Office in Valle del Cauca, to discuss the completion of two training seminars for elected women in two regions of the department, and to define priorities. (7 participants)

- Meeting with the women elected as mayors in 7 municipalities in Nariño, to discuss the main gaps and training needs and plan a training seminar (12 participants)

-Training seminars in Buenaventura, Candelaria, and Pasro with female social leaders and counsellors about gender sensitive public policies, effective communication strategies, negotiation strategies and political violence against women. (79 participants)

- Conference about gender and political parties, during the first multiparty meeting in Santander. (30 participants)

The number of female politicians and 181 High-level Women Policymakers candidates that participated in WPR participated in the development of capacity development activities that WPR activities. are contributing to gender-sensitive policy proposals and/or making 166 women elected (councillors, positive statements on this topic in deputies, MPs and mayors) from the media and parliament. period 2012 - 2015 completed the Survey on the perception of political participation of women. The results provide information on violence and other issues of internal improvement in parties.

8 Women Political leaders participated with their testimony for the investigation and video on “Violence against Women in Politics”. In the framework of this research the following activities were developed: - Publication "Women and Political Participation in Colombia: The Phenomenon of Violence Against Women in Politics" - Infographics - Video

11

- Public Launch of the Research

2 Congresswomen of the Legal Commission for the Equity of Woman of Congress, socialized the results of the forum "Women of Putumayo speak to the peace of Colombia" to government officials and women's organizations of the Department of Putumayo.

5 Senators processed the Law of Equity Alternation and Universality PAU within the Congress of the Republic. WPR supported the elaboration, presentation and socialization of the project in multi- party scenarios. 2.2 Joint (networking, agenda setting, The number and topics of events WPR organized and supported 7 joint consultation) events are organized by hosted or co-organized by political events led by women from parties, women’s branches and parties’ relevant women’s branches or congressmen and women's social representatives of the women’s gender-based multi-party initiatives organizations: movement on the topic of gender- organized. based political violence, women’s A) The Second National Summit of party financing or women’s political Women and Peace. In alliance with leadership. International Cooperation and Women's Organizations. More than 500 women, including elected and delegates from political parties from all regions of the country, participated to discuss the implementation of the Peace Agreement, the participation of women in peacebuilding and successful international experiences.

B) NIMD presented the Research on Violence against Women in Politics to the National Network of Women Mayors, organized by the Colombian Federation of Municipalities.

C) NIMD presented the Research on Violence against Women in Politics to the Meeting of Young Women of the Partido Liberal.

D) 3 Multi-party Dialogue meetings. The topics discussed were the Equality Ranking, the self-evaluation survey for parties, the peace agreement, the Political Reform and the investigation of Political Violence.

E) 1 Table of Parties for Electoral Reform: NIMD, the International Cooperation Gender Table, social organizations and the Legal Commission for the Equity of Women of Congress presented the Draft Law on Parity, Alternation and Universality and affirmative measures as greater funding for the participation of women in politics

12

3.4 Key observations

Successes were: • The construction of the Gender Assessment Report with political parties: because the working sessions had a heterogeneous audience of each party including men. These men actively participated in the identification of barriers and in proposing solutions and lines of work to overcome them. With this activity, the gender taskforces within the parties felt the support of the entire party for their work. • The socialization of “Violence Against Women in Politics” research: The research achieved a significant participation of elected women, valuable testimonies were collected on cases of violence, women who participated in the research and those who participated in socialization learnt and discussed about incidences of violence and agreed that it should not be the "cost" of participating in politics. This is a new topic in Colombia and has aroused much interest and expectation among elected women and women militants of the parties, as well as in the National Electoral Council (3 magistrates participated in the socialization of the Study as well as representatives of the National Government (Ministry of Interior and High Counsellor for the Equity of Woman). For more info, please see: o "Women and Political Participation in Colombia: The phenomenon of violence against women in politics" http://colombia.nimd.org/publications/mujeres-y-participacion-politica-en- colombia-el-fenomeno-de-la-violencia-contra-las-mujeres-en-politica/ o "It is not normal", a video with pedagogy and visualisation of the study: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_C9odFarto • More and more men are involved in WPR activities. The activities of the WPR program saw an average of 27.3% male participation. Of this percentage of men, about 30% forms part of the governing bodies of their political parties. Two men participated in the video about violence against women in politics, promoting action within parties to overcome the barriers women face. The public presentations of both the equality ranking and the research on violence were strongly supported and attended by the male judges of the National Electoral Council, the National Registrar and the Electoral Register.

Challenges were: • The implementation of the self-evaluation survey on equality within the parties: So far, its use is very low. There is little interest and willingness of the political parties to complete the survey on their own. The tool needs to be improved technically and its implementation better supported to be able to get results for each party. • Women's branches within the parties are weak structures. To have more impact, it is necessary to establish direct communication with the party leadership to advance female leadership within the parties.

13

4. Kenya

4.1 Political update

Political polarization, clamour for more inclusive government, escalating levels of corruption in government and the street protests to overhaul the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) dominated the political discourse in Kenya in 2016. The Jubilee government was accused by the opposition Coalition for Reforms and Democracy (CORD) for running a highly tribal government with major State appointments being in favour of the two major ethnic communities (Kikuyus and Kalenjins) that constitute the Jubilee party. With regard to the gender and political representation, the bill toward the actualization of the not more than two-thirds gender principle was defeated twice in the National Assembly. An attempt to reintroduce it through the Senate also failed. The Justice and Legal Affairs Committee (JLAC) introduced another bill that seeks progressive realization of gender representation in parliament. This bill went through the first reading and is yet to be passed. Given the sensitivity of this matter, mainly from women leaders and the larger women movement, it is expected to shape the country’s political discourse in 2017. Of importance to understand is what the implications will be in the event the bill fails to pass again in parliament and the country heads to elections in August 2017 without a legal guarantee that female representation will adhere to the constitutional requirement of the not more than two-thirds gender rule.

4.2 Programme In 2016, the WPR Kenya programme concentrated on providing technical support to political parties to institutionalize reforms adopted in the first two years of programme implementation. Activities entailed supporting political parties to put in place the necessary intra-party mechanisms for enforcing gender-equality policies and compliance with the reforms generated under the WPR programme framework. In particular, the 2016 interventions sought to encourage and support political parties to create gender friendly environments and to address possible barriers (formal or/and informal) that bar women from taking part in political leadership. Implemented a year before the next General Elections, political parties were already in the processes of planning for the elections. They had commenced the process of reviewing their internal regulations on candidates’ nominations and screening modalities as they prepare for the important exercise in the electoral calendar. The 2016 WPR programme identified the nomination process as the key bottleneck for women political participation, as being elected starts by having women nominated by parties. The WPR programme therefore provided targeted technical support to political parties on how to select and identify potential female candidates and monitor the process of nominations and preparations. Also, the intervention supported political parties in fast tracking the implementation of their gender assessment reports (GARs) as a measure for ensuring barriers identified at the beginning of the project are addressed.

14

4.3 Milestone achievements

Anticipated Milestones 2014 What has been achieved? And what has not (yet) been achieved? (activities annual plan)  Provide technical assistance In 2015, technical assistance was provided to the 11 pilot political parties to follow up (bi-lateral meetings) to the and monitor the implementation of the strategies for overcoming barriers to women’s 11 political parties that leadership and the incorporation in party strategic plans. As a follow-up 1 cross-party participated in the 2014 dialogue session was held with the 11 pilot parties to offer them a platform to share gender assessments to experiences on progress made with regard to the implementation of the gender plans. follow up and monitor the The session identified general barriers to implementation process and proposed implementation of the strategies for addressing the barriers to be shared in bilateral workshops during which strategies for overcoming the parties were expected to share their gender plans with their respective party barriers and the leadership incorporation in party strategic plans. Also, technical assistance was provided to a new batch of 9 political parties namely Agano Party, Chama Cha Uzalendo (CCU), FORUM, Kadu Asili, Maendeleo Democratic  10 member parties have Party (MDP), National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), National Vision Party (NVP), conducted (first time) Progressive Party of Kenya (PPK) and Safina Party to conduct their first time internal gender assessment and assessments and come up with the GARs. have developed gender specific strategic plans.

 Executive party leadership Three male leaders who constitute the Coalition for Reforms and Democracy (CORD) - engaged to explore / Hon. Raila Odinga (ODM party), Hon. Kalonzo Musyoka (WDM Party) and Hon. Moses monitor and identify male Wetangula (Ford-Kenya party) alongside Narc-Kenya leader, Hon. Martha Karua and change-agents. her Labour Party of Kenya counterpart, Prof. Julia Ojiambo took part in a breakfast meeting organized by CMD-Kenya under WPR on May 28, 2015 and committed to  Selection and identification support the immediate realization of the not more than two thirds in Parliament as of potential female per the Supreme Court’s ruling of December 11, 2012. The meeting also set the candidates in parties tempo for the political leaders who have, since then consistently supported the supported at local and implementation of the gender formula. The resolution was highly covered in local regional levels print and electronic media. Also, the President of Kenya, Hon. Uhuru Kenyatta, who is the party leader of TNA publicly and repeatedly, supported the gender quota in Parliament.

The interviewed women politician from the documentary held a 2 day retreat (28th February – 1st March 2015) to discuss the pending legislation and system to allow the no more than 2/3 rule, but they also committed themselves to work with CMD-Kenya to mentor potential women politicians across the country in preparation for 2017 general elections.

 Women political rights gains In June 2015, CMD-Kenya convened a multi-stakeholder National workshop of women in the constitution and leaders from various organizations, political parties and other sectors came together other legislations protected under the banner of ‘Thuluthi Mbili Za Mama…Twazitaka Sasa’ (Two-thirds for and defended women, we demand them now!) with the sole intention of advancing the national goal of gender equality among women, men, boys and girls through the push for the  15 member parties have full implementation of the not more than two-thirds Constitutional gender. A reviewed their party policy nationwide civic education campaign, seeking to mobilize grass roots women to and constitutional support the course was launched. The event was attended by women leaders in documents in tandem with political parties across the country and other women from two agencies with national the constitutional outlook namely Christian Women in Politics and World March of Women-Kenya provisions on gender Chapter. Women with notable credentials in the struggle for gender equality in Kenya especially the provisions of such as Senator Zipporah Kittony, Hon. Martha Karua, Prof. Julia Ojiambo attended affirmative action in respect the forum and addressed women present. As a follow up to the multi-stakeholder to Article 27 forum, a campaing was launched around the Thuluthi Mbili Za Mama…Twazitaka Sasa slogan which sought to mobilize 1 million signatures to support the lobbying process. This was considered as a fall back strategy in the event Parliament failed to initiate the process willingly as advised by the Supreme Court in 2012. This network of countrywide women leaders sustained the campaign and the women leaders mobilized grass roots women to take part in public hearings on Constitutional

15

Amendment Bills including the one on two-thirds gender principle organized by the Justice and Legal Affairs Committee in July 30 – August 1, 2015. The hearings were held in 6 Counties namely Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Trans Nzoia, Isiolo and Nyeri.

Besides the 2/3rd rule the group of female leaders interviewed agreed advocate for gender friendly laws in political financing as well as work with the media to enhance the profiles of women in the media. In addition 1 cross-party dialogue workshop on Affirmative Action was held to provide a platform for CMD-Kenya member parties to interrogate the proposed formulae by the National Gender and Equality Commission (NGEC), facilitate consensus building among parties and take a position on the most appropriate method for realizing the ‘not more than two thirds’ principle in parliament. The workshop was held on May 6, 2015. Political parties took a position on the gender formula to support, issued a joint communiqué and published a letter in a local daily addressed to the President to support women achieve what is legitimately theirs.

 Experiences and challenges In 2015, CMD-Kenya worked very closely with all the 16 women Parliamentarians of female candidates whose stories were documented and aired on national broadcaster Citizen TV (largest collected through ‘story audience network) where the documentary contributed to the lobby for the telling’ and related to immediate realization of the not-more than two thirds gender principle in Parliament gender based political (see below). The lobbying was done through Kenya Women Parliamentarians violence and other hurdles, Association (KEWOPA) as well as relevant Parliamentary Committees where some of and used to produce a video the women sit. and booklet The Chairperson of KEWOPA for instance is Hon. Cecily Mbarire, whose story was documented. Hon. Cecily Mbarire was in support of the very Constitutional Amendment Bill that CMD-Kenya was supporting which sought immediate realization of the gender principle in Parliament as proposed by the Technical Working Group (TWG. Although there was some resistance in Parliament and even the Chairperson of JLAC, Hon. Samuel Chepkonga had introduced a different Bill on the matter which sought progressive realization of the gender principle in Parliament, it is these women’s concerted lobbying that saw the Majority Party in Parliament (Jubilee Coalition)) adopt and publish the Bill CMD-Kenya supported.

 Institutional machinery to The seven-part series documentary on women political leaders that CMD-Kenya ran in monitor the the media (between November – December 2015) served to positively profile women implementation of policies in the media and also reduce the stereotypical thinking about women on their to enforce women’s political capacities to lead. rights and hold government accountable for All other monitoring and lobbying activities as mentioned above, including the implementation supported. national campaign and the airing of the documentary contributed to highlighting the issue and replaced the original idea of a one week event. In practice the whole period  Week of ‘Women’s Political there was concerted lobbying for the 2/3 rd rule with several media and public Rights’ organised, including events as described. a series of events with low barrier communication, and During the Commission on the Status of Women Conference there was a presentation some high level round on the Kenyan situation also attended by the Kenyan delegation. Also the trailer of tables the documentary that was to be broadcasted later in the year premiered officially during a heavily attended meeting at UN HQ in early March. Also the developed  Communiqué on the status cartoons from 2014 were further used in public events and publications. of women’s political rights in Kenya published, using cartooning in national print newspapers.

16

4.4 Key observations

 In Kenya progress according to the WPR approach and plans is going well. The direct access and trust that the Centre for Multiparty Democracy in Kenya has is proving essential in reaching the parties and convincing them on the Gender Assessments and to participate in the other WPR activities  At the same time, getting parties to the next stage remains a challenge. Although several parties have formulated action plans and some also adopted changes in their internal rules and regulations, the final frontier of then also ensuring full compliance in practice with these new and improved rules remains difficult.  Parties are already eying the 2017 elections and political alliances are shifting and positioning themselves in this regard. As this creates tension and pressure on internal party processes such as the preparations of the key event of party primaries or nomination congresses, it is key for WPR to address this.  The final mechanism to address the underrepresentation of women and to ensure the constitutional provision still remains uncertain. The basis of the approach is basically to top- up the women MPs elected with nominated women to reach the required 33.3%. This is of course not a sustainable solution and will be in place only until 2020. It seems most activists and women groups accept this as the best version achievable at this point. Still, amendments and changes are still possible before the 2017 elections.

17

5. Tunisia 5.1 Political update

2016 was a politically turbulent year for Tunisia. It started with a major cabinet reshuffle in January, which saw 11 ministers replaced. In July, Prime Minister Habib Essid was ousted in a vote of no confidence that passed with an overwhelming majority. A few days later he was replaced by Youssef Chahed. In the meantime, a new national government had been formed with the support of nine political parties and three major social organizations. Also in 2016, ruling party Nidaa Tounes faces a split, with prominent member Mohsen Marzouk breaking away to form a new party called Machrou Tounes. The turmoil had an impact on many items on the political agenda, including the ratification of the new law on local elections, which are due to take place in 2017.

5.2 Programme In 2016, the WPR programme focused on both strengthening female politicians and sensitizing political parties to gender sensitive policies and regulations. WPR trained both male and female leaders in gender sensitive strategic planning and 21 female politicians were trained in media and public speaking. 22 women participated in a ToT and in turn trained in total 122 other women on political skills like public speaking, negotiation and campaigning. Workshops and dialogue meetings were organized in a multi-party setting to discuss internal regulations and other challenges for women within their parties. A summary of all milestones and observations and challenges are given below. 5.3 Milestone achievements

Anticipated Milestones 2016 What has been achieved up to the end of 2016? (from annual plan)  Organize a seminar on Two days’ seminar on Strategic Planning with comparative and gender strategic planning for political perspectives was organized on 13 and 14 February 2016 to enable 11 political parties from a gender leaders (male and female) to anticipate political, social and economic perspective developments and prepare themselves effectively for new societal demands and democratic changes. The two days’ workshop concentrated on comparative and gender perspectives in the long term planning to promote gender dimensions within their strategies as an effective mean in ensuring women’s participation.  Organize three technical IDEA consultants conducted from 15 to 17 February individual meetings with meetings with the executive parties’ leaders (by party), provide additional technical support in further leadership of the three main developing their gender sensitive strategic plans, and discuss new issues. The political parties on gender- single party approach was an opportunity to identify priority issues of parties inclusive strategic planning. and determine the needs of each party in more specific context.  Organize a seminar to present An initial validation workshop was held at the office with political parties’ and discuss the gender representatives on 29 March 2016 to discuss the first draft. The meeting was assessment of political parties attended by 13 participants and allowed open discussion on the challenges and the guidelines for gender of women’s representation within the parties sensitive internal regulation/benchmarks on gender equality

18

1.2  Two days’ Workshop on the Two days’ workshop was organized on 16 and 17 June 2016 on the importance of women and importance of women and youth sections within political parties. The first youth sections within the day audience was women political leaders and elected at the parliament and parties at the national and the second day audience was young leaders (male and female). 23 the local level -comparative participants were able to benefit from the Canadian experience of the Liberal perspectives party of Canada (LPC). Ms Anna Gainey the LPC’s president and Ms. Carlene Variyan, the president of LPC’s women’s commission A short video was also produced and available on the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNh2UlYz1lI

 Produce a documentary telling stories of women in politics and expressing the support of male politicians to women’s political participation  Technical meetings with 9 Two meetings were held with the leaders of Ennahda and Nidaa Tounes on political parties on the review 16 and 17 June. The purpose of the meetings was to sensitize political leaders of parties' internal regulations on the importance of adopting gender sensitive internal rules. from a gender perspective) In addition, a roundtable with 12 representatives from 9 political parties was held at IDEA office on 25 April to further develop the topic is multiparty approach.  Organize three multi-party Three roundtables discussions on the barriers that women face in politics discussions in three different were organised in Kairouan (August 2016), Siliana (October 2016) and regions of Tunisia between Tataouine (October 2016). The discussions were used to develop the research leaders of political party at a paper related to violence against women in politics and formulate regional level and formulate recommendations to political parties and legislators recommendations to enhance women’s political participation  Organize a workshop on the Did not take place due to delay in ratification of the new election law. law on local elections and its impact on the candidates selection process

 5 ToTs for women in political The project designed and implemented the Training of Trainers (ToT) parties on Strategic Planning, programme for women in politics. A first group of 22 women in politics were Electoral Campaign selected by 9 political parties. The objective of the ToT was to reinforce their organisation, Media relations capacities and prepare them to train other women from their political parties. and public speaking, The programme included five modules Negotiation and mediation skills, Training techniques o Module I. Media relations and public speaking o Module II. Strategic Planning o Module III. Negotiation and mediation skills o Module IV. Electoral Campaigns’ organisation o Module V. ToT: Techniques to be a Trainer In addition, the project supported the implementation of the first 9 workshops lead by the participants of each political parties who effectively trained other women. At the end of the programme, the 22 graduates of the programme trained 122 women from their respective parties.  Training for women MPs on 21 women MP attended three days training on media and public speaking for the techniques of women MPs in Tunis from 6 to 9 October 2016. The training aimed at building parliamentary work confidence of women MPs and boost their communication skills.

2.2  Consultative workshop on the 20 MPs and representatives of political parties attended a workshop on draft law related to violence violence against women in politics in Tunis on 9 December 2016 against women with elected members and civil society representatives as well as the government to discuss

19

possible amendments and improvements to include political\electoral violence  Gender assessment finalized The assessment was finalized but not yet published. and published  Produce guidelines on gender The gender guidelines for political parties were finalized. It will be published sensitive internal regulations as annex to the Gender assessment. for political parties The guidelines provide practical niches and options to ensure inclusiveness and encourage gender mainstreaming within political parties in Tunisia. The guidelines further outline successful case studies and good practices that political parties from around the world have used to further promote gender mainstreaming and equal participation by men and women within their ranks.

5.4 Key observations

 Challenges and lessons learned: o Maintain regular communication with parties: the focus of several parties in Tunisia remain managing internal crises, which make the communication with the parties difficult. The frequent changes of the project’s focal points and within the structures of the parties is another challenge that the project face. o Make the support sustainable: Tunisian parties are poorly structured and staffed, their attention remains on elections. They do not necessarily have the time and sometimes the will to structure themselves in terms of activists’ database, organization, platforms, internal rules and strategies. In addition, the parties’ leaders do not necessarily invest time and effort to communicate properly within their parties on the project’s activities. o The frequent changes in the electoral agenda of the country: Tunisia is in a democratic transition process and therefore the electoral agenda often changes affecting the project’s work plan and activities in general.  Due to the delay in finalizing the new law on local elections, it was not possible to organize a workshop on the law and its impact on the selection of candidates.  A visit from two members of the Liberal Party of Canada (Ms. Anna Gainey, President, and Ms. Carlene Varivan, President of the Women’s commission, was particularly informative and inspiring.  A number of the women trained in the programme have made significant steps in their political careers in 2016. Mrs. Neziha Labidi from Al-Moubadara was appointed Minister of Women’s Affairs and Ms. Saoussen Ksibi Barka from UPL was elected to the executive bureau of her party.

20

6. Knowledge agenda

6.1 Update on the knowledge agenda

The knowledge agenda focusses on deepening the understanding of what hampers political women to enter politics or advance in their careers, and what makes them leave politics sooner than men do in similar positions.

The reports focus on the following issues: - Gender and political finance; - Violence against women in politics; - Stereotyping and media.

All the different tools, products and approaches that were developed during the project will be presented and discusses during the WPR closing conference in Kenya in October 2017.

6.2 Milestones achievement

Anticipated Milestones July 2016- What has been achieved up to 31 Comments on March 2017 March implementation/changes? (from annual plan) 3.1 At least three -Gender and political finance:- Report on Colombia and the The WPR country teams new resources on finalising the report of the study on comparative Factsheet for were involved in the strategies that gender and political finance in Colombia, Kenya and Tunisia development of the related impact women’s Colombia and Factsheet on gender completed country and global participation and and political finance knowledge products and leadership in activities were undertaken political parties -Facilitating the Kenya national Dialogue conducted jointly with in coordination with the that can be used dialogue for political parties on CMD-Kenya and served as a WPR country project teams by development gender equality in candidates’ platform for collective reflection practitioners are selection and the development of on parties’ internal candidates’ produced based the candidate selection strategy in nomination procedures in Kenya on the best Kenya to ensure the compliance with the practices and constitutional provision on “not lessons learned more than two thirds of the during this members of elective or appointive programme. bodies shall be of the same gender”. Strategy for political parties on gender equality in candidates selection developed in coordination with CMD-Kenya

-Violence against women in Support and presentation on politics:- advocacy and trends global trends on violence against analysis on violence against women women at the WPR Colombia in politics in Colombia(advocacy international seminar and launch resource) of the national research on violence against women in politics in Colombia in commemoration of the international day of ending violence against women.

21

- Analysis of violence against women Paper on violence against women in politics in Tunisia in politics in coordination with the WPR Tunisia completed

-Comparative analysis of gender in Comparative paper on gender in politics and the media politics and in the media completed

- Supporting the collation of good Comparative lessons collation practices &comparative global underway and will be completed lessons on the role of political in May parties on supporting women’s political participation and representation in post conflict reconstruction contexts (knowledge resource for Colombia)

-Development of the Access- NIND-IDEA conceptualisation on Participation-Transformation the content and inventory of Tool/Roadmap for political parties publications/knowledge resources for the Access- Participation-Transformation tool/roadmap development is underway

NIMD-IDEA started the -WPR International Conference preliminary consultations on the international conference planned for October in Tunisia 3.2 At least three -Knowledge resource on gender new resources and political finance in Tunisia are accessible accessible/ dissemination on through relevant International IDEA, NIMD websites knowledge and the IKNOW Politics platform platforms such as -Knowledge resource on gender IKnowPolitics and and political finance in Colombia WO=MEN and accessible/ dissemination on actively shared International IDEA, NIMD websites and promoted in and the IKNOW Politics platform a large number of - Trends analysis on violence NIMD’s and against women in politics in partners’ Colombia accessible/ dissemination programme on International IDEA, NIMD countries. websites and the IKNOW Politics platform

22

7. Notes to the WPR financial report and the 2017 revised planning (see the excel attachment)

Notes to the WPR 2016 financial report and the 2017 revised planning

1. For your information we have enclosed an overview of the 4-year period, with a revised planning for 2017. 2. Based on the audit report 2015 from our Kenyan partner we have made an adjustment this year, which causes the under-expenditure on the Kenya programme in the 2016 report. 3. The Colombia programme has been underspending in 2016 due to earlier over-planning of activities. 4. It was decided to use a part of the 2016 funds - allocated to Outcome 3 - in 2017, in order to have enough resources for a closing conference and other final products. 5. The underspending in Colombia has been reallocated in 2017 to the Kenya programme. This has caused some changes to the earlier submitted 2017 budget. 6. Regarding the liquidity prognosis: For 2017 we are well ahead in executing our revised planning. We expect to fully use the amount of the grant. We therefor request you to transfer the pending installments.

23

Annexes

1. WPR overall financial report 2016

24