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Tilastokeskus .il SVT Koulutus ja tutkimus 1991:11 Statistikcentralen I1' Education and research Statistics Finland EDUCATION IN FINLAND V - 1991 m . 1 5 . 11 J f t 2 4 Tilastokeskus ¿Sh ~SVT Koulutus ja tutkimus 1991 :11 Statistikcentralen Education and research Statistics Finland EDUCATION IN FINLAND 1991 907 , / 1i Helsinki 1991 Statistics Finland Education Statistics Division Tel. +358 0 17 341 Postal address P.O.Box 770 Telefax +358 0 1734 3264 SF-00101 Helsinki Finland Sale of publications Tel. +358 0 1734 2011 Koulutus — Education in Finland 1991, Telefax +358 0 1734 2474 IS S N 0784-8242 Postal address P.O.Box 504 IS S N 0788-8066 SF-00101 Helsinki Price: FIM 155 Finland Education in Finland 1991, offprint IS SN 0784-8242 IS SN 0789-6735 PA IN O -C EN TER OY 1991 Price: FIM 65 Foreword Statistics Finland (formerly, the Central accordance with the ISCED classification Statistical Office of Finland) is a set up by Unesco. The classification will be government body engaged in thediscussed in more detail in the publication compilation and publication of statisticsISCED KEY (a conversion key for concerning conditions in Finnish society.comparisons between the Finnish Standard The purpose of the Education StatisticsClassification of Education and ISCED, Division is to collect and analyse data31.12.1988, Appendix 1). related to the education system, educational achievementamong the population andThe section "Educational institutions and adult education, and to publish statistics,enrolment" contains data on education at the statistical surveys and standard classifi­ pre-primary, comprehensive school, upper cations. secondary, vocational and university levels and on students attendance. Section 3 in turn Koulutus — Education in Finland is1991 discusses students choices of educational the first collection of statistics covering the institution and the qualifications completed, entire sphere of education in Finland, andwhile is section 4 contains a brief summary of intended to be published every second year.the numbers of teachers and expenditure of Each edition will contain the latest the various educational institutions. Section information and updated statistical5 provides data on educational achievement time-series, international comparisons andamong the population, and the final section scientific articles. information on adult education. The review in English monitors significantThe aim is to expand the scope of the data developments and points out trends in majorcontinuously and develop various indicators aspects of education in this country, usingof the state and efficiency of the education international concepts and classificationssystem. to International comparisons will also provide basic information on the regularbe included as they become available. education system and other forms of education. The statistics are regrouped toWe hope that you will find the material conform to the Unesco Internationalhelpful and invite you to provide us with Standard Classification of Educationcomments on ways of making future (ISCED). "Education in Finland 1991" iseditions even more useful. also available as an offprint, copies of which can be obtained from Statistics Koulutus — Education in Finland and 1991 Finland. ’Education in Finland 1991’ are sold by Statistics Finland. Following a brief general orientation, "Finland at a Glance", this English review is composed of six sections. The first will Heikki Havén provide a general idea of the structure of the Head Finnish education system and the principal Education Statistics Division nature of the various educational levels in Statistics Finland Statistics Finland 10) 3 Contents Foreword........................................................... 3 Contents ........................................................... 5 Finland at a glance............................................... 6 1 Structure of the education system ....................... 9 2 Educational institutions and enrolment .................... 13 3 Student progression and qualifications obtained....... 21 4 Resources........................................................ 31 5 Educational achievement in the population........ 35 6 Adult education ................................................. 39 Statistics Finland (0! 5 EDUCATION IN FINLAND FINLAND AT A GLANCE 6 Statistics Finland Republic of Finland EDUCATION IN FINLAND • Area: 338 thousand sq. km, making Finland Population by age 1950-2020 the sixth largest country in Europe Age group • Borders in common with Sweden, Norway Total 0-14 15-64 65- 0-year-olds and the Soviet Union Thousands % % % % Thousands 1950 4 030 100 30 63 7 96 • Composition of area: 65 % forest, 10 % inland 1960 4 446 100 30 63 7 79 waters, 8 % cultivated land, 17 % other 1970 4 598 100 24 67 9 61 • A parliamentary democracy with a multiparty 1980 4 788 100 20 68 12 63 system of government 1990 4 998 100 19 67 14 65 2000 * 5 051 100 17 68 15 54 • A neutral country not a member of any milita­ 49 ry alliance 2020 * 4 916 100 16 63 21 * Projection: Central Statistical Office of Finland • Finland is one of the Nordic countries • Capital City: Helsinki; half a million residents Employment by sector 1990 1990 1950 Population Thousands % % Agriculture and forestry 2 0 7 8.5 9 1 5 46.1 • Size: five million, placing Finland among the Manufacturing and smallest countries in Europe construction 761 3 0.8 5 32 2 6.8 Trade, transport, education, • Urban population: 65 % health, other services 1 4 9 6 60.7 5 37 27.1 • Birth rate: one of the lowest in Western in­ Total 2 4 6 4 100 .0 1 9 8 4 1 0 0 .0 dustrialized countries • Population of working age: percentage one of the highest in the world Economy • Religious affiliation: 88 % members of the Lut­ • Currency: markka (Finnish mark), FIM heran Church • Gross domestic product (1990) FIM 524.781 • Official languages: Finnish and Swedish (pro­ million (USD 136.697 million) portion of Swedish-speaking population 6 %) • Gross domestic product per capita (1990): Employment FIM 105 thousand (USD 27.4 thousand), pla­ cing Finland among the richest countries in the world • Labour force: 2.5 million; 52 % men, 48 % wo­ men • Exports (1990): contribution to gross domestic product 23 % • Labour force participation: men 73 %, women 64 % • Four most important trading partners (1990): Sweden, the Soviet Union, Germany, United • Employer sectors: private 71 %, public 29 % Kingdom • Industries: primary 8 %, secondary 31 %, ser­ vices 61 % • Unemployment (1990): 3.5 % Statistics Finland 7 EDUCATION IN FINLAND 1 1 Structure of the education system The regular education system in Finland isdisabled, while special facilities are composed of the comprehensive school, theprovided for pupils who are so badly senior secondary school, vocational anddisabled or retarded that they cannot cope professional education institutions, andwith the ordinary instruction. This also applies universities. There are no actual pre-primaryto children who have adjustment problems schools in Finland, but instruction of causedthis by emotional disorders or some other kind is provided at day-care centresfactor and who thus require special (kindergartens), which are under the education. jurisdiction of the social welfare administration, and in connection with theThe subjects taught in the comprehensive comprehensive schools. Although school and the senior secondary school are preprimary education in itself is not a partdefined by law, time allocation and optional of the regular education system, it is subjects being decided on by the nevertheless included in Fig. E.l. Government. The syllabus is essentially the same for all pupils, including those in In addition to the regular education system,private schools falling within the education formal education is also given in musicsystem. All individuals completing the schools and colleges and institutions ofcomprehensive school are provided with the physical education, which provide trainingsame eligibility for further education. for both professionals and amateurs. Adult education is provided by folk high schools,Post-compulsory education is divided into adult education centres and summergeneral education given in the senior universities. The military academies and secondary schools and vocational education military vocational institutes are notprovided in the vocational and professional classified as belonging to the educationinstitutions. system proper. A more detailed examination of the various groups of educationalThe senior secondary school is a three- institutions is provided in the followingyear educational institution providing pages. post-comprehensive general education. The subjects in the curriculum are defined by law, and the government approves the The regular education number of hours devoted to each subject. The school concludes with a matriculation system examination consisting of centrally administered tests which are identical for all The comprehensive school is compulsorysenior secondary schools in the country, and and consists of nine forms, i.e. the primarytests administered by the schools school (forms 1-6) and the lower secondarythemselves. The matriculation examination school education (forms 7-9). In additionprovides the pupils with a general there is also a voluntary 10th form which qualification for higher education and other attracts a small number of pupils. forms of education which require the completion of such an examination. Senior The comprehensive school is compulsorysecondary schools also provide evening for the whole
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