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FINFO Education in Finland EDUCATION IN FINLAND Key to the nation’s success Did you know? In Finland, there is such a thing as a free lunch. Finland was the first country to start serving pupils a free daily hot meal, in 1948, and continues to do so. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors. E-mail: [email protected] For free reference use. © Aalto University © Aalto It all starts with school Content Developing education to meet the challeng- safety and the development of their emo- The Finnish education system es of today and the future is a central issue tional life and social skills. Teachers motivate O1 in the survival and success of humankind. pupils with encouragement. Performance is Decision-makers and specialists around the not graded with numbers until later in school 02 Life-long learning world are frantically seeking the best solutions years. for providing education. Their attention is After completing basic education in increasingly drawn to the education system of comprehensive school, everyone has the op- What is taught in Finnish schools 03 UAS © Novia Finland, which produces top results in interna- portunity to continue general and profession- and how? tional learning comparisons. al education according to their interests and Free One of the greatest strengths of educa- inclinations. Continuing to study is possible 04 Making it happen Equal tion in Finland is that it offers everyone equal in various forms throughout life. In Finland, opportunities to study, regardless of social education is free, from pre-primary level to Quality and financial background. Instead of competi- higher education and even further. 05 Topical issues in Finnish tion and comparison, basic education focuses The following pages describe how this education Education on support and guidance for the pupils as is done in Finland and what the philosophy individuals. behind Finnish education is. 06 Towards the future For all Teachers are highly trained, with univer- sity-level degrees. Their profession is held in Welcome to a Finnish school! high regard. Ministry for Foreign Affairs, 2017. Teaching small children focuses on their Text: Salla Korpela inherent strengths and supports their sense of Production: Otavamedia OMA Photos: Visit Finland, Otavamedia, Ministry of Education and Culture, Ilari Nummi 01. The Finnish education system EDUCATION SYSTEM IN FINLAND Duration in years DOCTORAL DEGREES 8 LICENCIATE DEGREES Universities MASTER’S DEGREES MASTER’S DEGREES LIBERAL ADULT 1–1.5 7 Universities 2 Universities of Applied Sciences EDUCATION Adult education Work experience 3 years centres, BACHELOR’S DEGREES Folk high schools, 6 3 BACHELOR’S DEGREES Summer Universities Universities of Applied Sciences 3.5–4 universities, Study centres, Sports Specialist vocational institutes qualifications* Work Education for everyone in all stages of life experience Further vocational 3-4 qualifications* he high quality of the Finnish school system standards as the public schools, their operations cordance with personal interests and inclinations. is based on a clear national ethos that peo- are publicly funded and their admission of pupils Over 76 per cent of Finns aged 20–24 have either VOCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS* ple are the nation’s most important asset. and students is based on the same principles. The passed the matriculation examination or earned T MATRICULATION EXAMINATION 3 Vocational institutions 3 General upper secondary schools They have the right to receive excellent education, share of all public funds spent on education is over a vocational qualification (data from 2015). Both *Also available as apprenticeship training which will help maximise their potential to be who 11 per cent. qualify the student for studies at a university or a and what they want to be. Basic education lasts for nine years. What is university of applied science. Voluntary additional year of basic education This philosophy has enabled Finland to rise taught at comprehensive school is guided by the There are 14 universities and 25 universities of from one of the poorest countries in the world to national core curriculum. Municipalities have the applied science in Finland. Approximately 41 per the height of technological expertise and become obligation to provide compulsory basic education cent of working-age Finns have higher education. 1-2 one of the world’s wealthiest countries in its 100 for all children living in their area. There are also The changing world and working life are addressed BASIC EDUCATION 7–16-year-olds 9 years since independence. Over the decades, bold extensive learning and well-being support services by providing opportunities to obtain continuing Comprehensive schools solutions have allowed Finland to develop a system for those who need them. Basic education is education and retraining in various stages of life. that gives the opportunity of life-long studying and preceded by high-quality early childhood educa- Opportunities are also available to increase self-development to everyone living here. tion and care, available to all. one’s knowledge and skills at institutes of adult PRE-PRIMARY EDUCACION 6-year-olds 1 In practice, all education is financed from tax After comprehensive school, the young can education open to all, offering subjects ranging 0 EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND CARE 0–6 revenue. Private education markets offering supe- continue in either vocational or upper secondary from languages to weaving and from information 2011 ISCED-CLASSIFICATION rior education for money do not exist in practice. education. The duration of both is approximately technology to dancing. The few educational institutions run by private three years. Both lines offer general education 0 Early childhood education, 1 Primary education, 2 Lower secondary education, 3 Upper secondary education, 4 Post-secondary non-tertiary education, 6 Bachelor’s or equivalent, 7 Master’s or equivalent, 8 Doctoral or equivalent organisations adhere to the same objectives and as well as extensive opportunities to study in ac- 4 5 Early childhood education and care Pre-primary education Play and care prepare children for school hildren in Finland start school relatively state, and day care charges are proportionate to 02. Lifelong learning late, at the age of seven. It is a national the incomes of families. The early education and C principle that children need time and care services provided by municipalities have space to grow and develop. Finnish teaching takes pedagogical objectives, and the competence advantage of the sensitive periods of develop- requirements of personnel are regulated by law. Finns have access to free education ment and encourages children to think inde- Day care teachers have university degrees. throughout their lives, beginning with pre- pendently and be creative. Six-year olds participate in pre-primary edu- During their early childhood, children can en- cation, which prepares them for school and pro- primary education, up to the highest level at joy the nurturing and care provided by their par- motes their social skills and healthy self-esteem, institutes of higher education. Various routes ents while also benefitting from day care, where either in a day care centre or school. National provided in the Finnish education path are they can practice working in groups by playing, standards exist for the content of pre-primary described on the following pages. exercising and spending time outdoors. Parents care. Municipalities have the obligation to provide of small children are entitled to long family leaves. children with transport to and from school where Families can choose between municipal or private needed. day care, either in small groups in the home of the If necessary, a child’s readiness for school is care provider or in a day care centre. Day care tested and he or she can start school a year earlier receives considerable financial support from the or later. 6 7 cost to society of the school year of one Finnish pupil was 8,025 euros (US$ 8,519) in 2016. The pupils’ learning outcomes in compre- hensive school are monitored by means of na- tional assessments, in which approximately 5–10 per cent of the age group participate through Basic education – common for all random sampling. FREE LUNCH FOR EVERY PUPIL UNIFORM TEACHING OBJECTIVES Each child and young person in Finland, from day care to upper secondary school Required knowledge and skills NATIONWIDE and vocational schools, receives a daily, healthy hot meal, including salad, milk or The Finnish government decides on the general other beverage and bread. ducation at school is compulsory for Finn- The responsibility for providing basic edu- objectives and the division of hours between the The free lunch is included in the ish children and young people. Compul- cation rests with municipalities, and therefore, subjects taught in early education, basic edu- curriculum. The meal refreshes the pupils and students, gives them energy and helps sory education begins the year the child comprehensive schools are located where there cation and upper secondary education. Based E them stay alert for the remainder of the turns seven and ends when they have completed are families with children. The schools may be ei- on the objectives, the Finnish National Agency day. At the same time, the school lunch the 9-year comprehensive school syllabus in full ther joint schools with all nine grades in the same for Education, subordinate to the Ministry of is an opportunity to teach children about or after ten years of compulsory education. Basic building, or grades 1–6 and 7–9 in separate Education and Culture, decides on the national health, nutrition and good manners. education is also available for adults, such as school buildings. Small rural schools may have a core curriculum. The education providers, the Special diets are taken into consider- ation. An increasing number of schools immigrants. couple of dozen pupils, while urban schools may majority of which are municipalities, base their offer a vegetarian option, organic food and The objective of basic education is to have more than a thousand.
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