DOCSLIB.ORG

Chaddick Institute Study Tending to Transit

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chaddick Institute Study Tending to Transit Tending to Transit: The Benefits and Costs of Bringing Public Transport in the Chicago Region into Good Repair Chaddick Institute for Metropolitan Development October 10, 2012 Joseph P. Schwieterman, Ph.D.* Laurence F. Audenaerd, Ph.D.** Marisa Schulz*** *Professor, School of Public Service and Director, Chaddick Institute **Visiting Scholar, Chaddick Institute ***Assistant Director, Chaddick Institute Schwieterman, the corresponding author, can be reached at [email protected] or312/362-5732 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study explores the status of public transit in the Chicago region and the costs and benefits of investments to bring the system into a state of good repair. By evaluating available data and research, the analysis shows the following: Strength of demand for transit service: After several years in which passenger traffic was hurt by recession, transit ridership is growing much faster than the rate of GDP expansion. Use of transit is more than 5% higher than it was in 2010—one the largest increases since 1999— while the level of public support for investment in improvements is strong. Backlog of Capital Projects: The condition of the transit system is deteriorating due to the recent downturn in capital investment. The system’s needs, adjusted for inflation, are approximately 20% greater than they were just two years ago. Without additional investment, system performance will be seriously impaired. Return on State of Good Repair Investment: Each dollar invested in transit generates $1.21 - $1.90 in benefits, not including factors that cannot be effectively measured, such as the role of transit in tourism and shaping the indemnity of the city. Enhanced agency sophistication: Agencies have enhanced capability to manage investments intended to bring their system into a state of good repair than during the public- transit crisis of 2009. More research should be done, however, to assess the benefits and costs of particular capital projects. These findings point to an urgent need for greater capital support to bring the transit system into a state of good repair. I. INTRODUCTION ublic transit systems require sustained investment to keep capital assets in a state of good repair. P In the Chicago region, however, much public and political discourse surrounding this issue has taken place without a clear understanding of the benefits and costs associated with such investment. As a result, there is a heightened risk that policy will not be properly aligned with the system’s needs. This report takes a critical look at the benefits and costs associated with investments to bring the transit system in the Chicago region into good repair. It considers a wide body of research devoted to this issue and provides new analysis about the payoffs of modernizing the region’s bus, rail rapid transit, and commuter rail systems. The report is organized into five sections. Section II explores the role and status of transit in the region and summarizes the condition of the system’s equipment and right-of-way. Section III evaluates the evidence that exists about the benefits and costs of bringing the system into good repair. Section IV provides perspective on how maintaining transit affects various types of transit users. The final section offers conclusions and recommendations. Readers will also find additional perspective and analysis in the Technical Supplement Section at the end of this report. The research for this report was conducted in two phases between July and October 2012. The first involved assessing the available research and the data used in these reports, as well as reviewing estimates about public opinion and costs. The second phase involved statistical analysis and stakeholder discussions used to provide new perspective on the issue. II. The Role and Status of Transit The Chicago region’s transit system, encompassing 735 miles of rail routes and 248 bus lines, carries more passengers today than it has at anytime in the last 20 years and more rail passengers than any other year in the past 40 years.1 Rising gasoline prices, worsening congestion and technological advances improving the ease of transit-riding have also fostered significant ridership gains.2 The vitality of downtown Chicago—in which approximately two-thirds of employees arrive to work by bus or train—has also kept transit at the region’s forefront. New markets for urban transit have also emerged as a result of housing development near the central core of the city.3 As noted below, however, the system faces serious challenges, and transit accounts for a diminishing share of total trips made by travelers in the region. The following four observations highlight key aspects of the Chicago region’s transit system and provide a brief synopsis of the opportunities and challenges that the region is now facing regarding sustained investment to this system. 1 Observation 1: The State of Illinois has historically had more intensive involvement in transit planning and capital improvements than most other states due to the enormous size and transit-dependency of the Chicago region. Our state ranks third among states in per-capita transit ridership, with residents taking an average of about 56 transit trips annually. The number of transit trips per capita in Illinois (55.6 annually) is exceeded only by New York (216.1) and Massachusetts (61). Residents in the Chicago region alone make an average of 84 trips per year. Such intensive reliance on transit is largely a function of historical development patterns in the Chicago region. Between 1850 and 1930, most residential construction was heavily concentrated along rail corridors. For more than a century, the region’s commuter-rail, rapid-transit, and bus routes have carried more riders than any other metropolitan region except New York. State government has been actively involved in transit planning and investment for most of the past century. The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), created by the state legislature in 1947, received heightened financial support from Springfield in the following decades as concerns about the deterioration of service gradually increased. The state created the Regional Transportation Authority in 1974 to provide oversight and financing for the CTA, the commuter rail lines, and suburban bus system. More recently, in 2008, the state amended the act creating the RTA in 2008 to strengthen its oversight of the system while increasing revenues for transit through increased sales taxes, which have for decades been the predominant source of funds for transit operations. Observation 2: The push to bring the transit system into a state of good repair draws vitality from renewed optimism about the passenger-carrying potential of this system. Transit ridership in the region is more than 5% higher than it was in 2010, restoring the sense of momentum that was lost during the recent recession. Transit ridership has been strong this year at each of the three “service boards” under the auspices of the RTA, which include the CTA, Metra, and Pace Suburban Bus. The CTA is reporting its highest ridership levels in 20 years, with year-over-year gains averaging about 4%. Pace traffic was up about 2% during the first half of this year. Metra posted its third-highest ridership ever in 2011 and is reporting a modest 0.4% decline in ridership in so far this year in the wake of a 25% increase in fares taking effect in February, the largest in Metra’s history. 2 Fig. 1: Passenger Trips on Public Transit Since 2000 Expressed as % of Base Year 135% CTA Rail 125% CTA Fare Increase Red/Brown Line Metra Fare Reconstruction Increase 115% Metra Pace 105% CTA Bus 95% Post 9/11 Start high- Economy fuel cost Recession period 85% * projection based on year-to-date data The increasing transit demand over this past summer and a modest rise in employment suggest that annual growth across the system (by our estimate) will be up more that 2.5% for the second straight year—the first time this has happened since 2000. Such growth is taking place despite soft ridership on certain CTA bus routes, several of which remain the weakest performers of the system and are targeted for elimination. On the whole, the sense of momentum that was lost in 2009 and 2010 as a result of recession-induced ridership declines has been restored. Recent improvements, such as the opening of two new CTA rapid transit stations in May, the elimination of certain slow zones, the impending introduction of bus-rapid- transit service (linking the Loop to South Chicago), and improvements to Bus Tracker and Train Tracker (providing information about departures on mobile devices), have boded well for next year’s ridership levels. Please refer to Figure 2 for a summary of notable recent capital projects. 3 Notable Capital Projects on Rail Routes 2006 - present LEGEND Metra Commuter Rail CTA Train Lines Parks City Boundaries North Central Line added Downtown Inset capacity + 4 new staons in 2006 UP North Line Reconstrucon starts 2013 Red Line “Red Ahead” Project started 2012 Brown Line Capacity Project from 2006-’09 UP West Line Elburn Extension in 2006 Rock Island District’s Englewood Flyover Project starts 2013 RedRed LineLine DannRyan Ryan Branch Rehab startss 2013 Southwest Service Extension + Added Service in 2006 *Not all Projects or Lines Shown Observation 3: The Chicago region’s system performs well relative to its peer group in other cities with respect to both the service provided, the share of cost paid through the fare box, and the efficiency of that service. Nevertheless, powerful historical forces have greatly impaired the system’s success in serving markets that do not involve travel to and from downtown Chicago. Comparisons show the Chicago region’s system is favorable among 10 peer systems, with respect to: Service Coverage: measured by such factors as transit capacity per resident and passenger trips per resident.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • President's 2015 Budget Recommendations
    CTA: Investing in Chicago President’s 2015 Budget Recommendations Rendering of future design CTA FY15 Budget Chicago Transit Board Terry Peterson, Chairman Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Jacquelyne Grimshaw, Vice Chairman Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Ashish Sen Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Robert Lewis Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Rev. Charles E. Robinson Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Alejandro Silva Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Kevin Irvine Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Forrest Claypool, President Distinguished Budget Presentation Award a Distinguished Budget Presentation Award to Chicago Transit Authority, Illinois for the Annual TheBudget Government beginning Finance January Officers 01, 2014. Association In order of the to Unitedreceive States this andaward, Canada a governmental (GFOA) presented unit must publish a budget document that meets program criteria as a policy document, as an operationsThis award guide,is valid as for a financiala period plan,andof one year as only.a communications device. transitchicago.com 14JN67 1-888-YOUR-CTA CTA FY15 Budget Table of Contents Letter from the President ............................................................................................................................................... 1 CTA Organizational Chart ............................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Purpose and Need Report
    DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Appendix D Purpose and Need Report DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Chicago Red Line Extension Project Purpose and Need Report May 25, 2016 Prepared for: Chicago Transit Authority 567 W. Lake Street Chicago, IL 60661 Prepared by: 125 S. Wacker Drive Suite 600 Chicago, IL 60606 PURPOSE & NEED REPORT Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 1-1 Section 2 The Purpose of the Red Line Extension Project .................................... 2-1 Section 3 The Need for the Red Line Extension Project ........................................ 3-1 Section 4 The Red Line Extension Project Area ................................................... 4-1 Section 5 Justification of the Purpose and Need ................................................... 5-1 5.1 Long Transit Trips to Job Centers for Far South Side Residents .............................5-1 5.2 Transit-Dependent Populations Lack Direct Access to Rapid Transit Rail Service ..5-6 5.3 Isolation from Major Activity Centers and Limited Viable Transportation Options ....5-8 5.4 Underserved Transit Markets and Limited Transit Connectivity ............................. 5-13 5.5 Disinvestment and Limited Economic Development Have Affected Far South Side Communities......................................................................................................... 5-15 5.6 The Need for a Rail Car Storage Yard and Maintenance Facility .......................... 5-17
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Perspectives on Benefits and Costs of the CTA Red and Purple Modernization Project
    Chaddick Institute Technical Briefing May 1, 2014 Economic Perspectives on Benefits and Costs of the CTA Red and Purple Modernization Project Joseph P. Schwieterman and Laurence F. Audenaerd* This paper provides a research perspective on the Red and Purple Modernization (RPM) Project under consideration by the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). The paper is based on recent literature on the likely benefits and costs of capital investments in transit projects within the Chicago region. The objective is to present an initial assessment of the economic ramifications associated with the proposed improvements to the 9.6-mile Red/Purple Line segment between the Belmont and Linden stations. While additional analyses are needed to understand the full range of benefits and costs of the project, the strong performance and apparent growth potential of this corridor suggests that investments would generate significant benefits. RPM Project Overview The targeted section of the Red/Purple Line route, running roughly parallel to the Lake Michigan shoreline, is more than 90 years old and encompasses 21 stations in Chicago, Evanston, and Wilmette. The line is equipped with four tracks that extend most of the distance between Belmont and Howard Street Station—a segment jointly used by Red and Purple Line trains—and two tracks between Howard and Linden used solely by Purple Line trains. Three alternatives (not including a “Continued Deterioration” Alternative) are under consideration as of publication of this document. The Basic Alternative, costing an estimated $3 billion, would bring the corridor into a state of good repair and provide general improvements to reliability and service quality over a 20-year period.
    [Show full text]
  • 2014 Budget Recommendations
    MODERNIZING TRANSIT FOR THE FUTURE PRESIDENT’S 2014 BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS (THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK) CTA FY14 Budget Table of Contents Letter from the President ........................................................................................................................................ 1 CTA Organizational Chart ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 7 2013 Operating Budget Performance 2012 Operating Budget Performance Summary ........................................................................................ 25 2012 Operating Budget Schedule ..................................................................................................................... 34 President’s 2014 Proposed Operating Budget President’s 2013 Proposed Operating Budget Summary ....................................................................... 35 President’s 2013 Proposed Operating Budget Schedule ......................................................................... 42 President’s 2015-2016 Proposed Operating Financial Plan President’s 2015-2016 Proposed Operating Financial Plan Summary ............................................. 43 President’s 2015-2016 Proposed Operating Financial Plan Schedule .............................................. 47 2014-2018 Capital
    [Show full text]
  • House Journal
    STATE OF ILLINOIS HOUSE JOURNAL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDREDTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY 94TH LEGISLATIVE DAY REGULAR & PERFUNCTORY SESSION WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 31, 2018 11:30 O'CLOCK A.M. NO. 94 [January 31, 2018] 2 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Daily Journal Index 94th Legislative Day Action Page(s) Adjournment......................................................................................................................... 17 Agreed Resolutions ................................................................................................................ 9 Change of Sponsorship ........................................................................................................... 9 Introduction and First Reading – HB 4411-4475 ................................................................. 20 Legislative Measures Assigned to Committee ....................................................................... 4 Messages From The Senate .................................................................................................... 5 Perfunctory Adjournment ..................................................................................................... 26 Perfunctory Session .............................................................................................................. 20 Quorum Roll Call ................................................................................................................... 4 Recess ....................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Transit Administration Region V Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)
    Federal Transit Administration Region V RED-PURPLE BYPASS PROJECT IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) A. Introduction This document provides the basis for a determination by the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Transit Administration (FTA), of a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for the Red‐Purple Bypass Project. This determination is made in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, 42 United States Code (U.S.C.) § 4332(2)(c); FTA’s implementing procedures (23 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] § 771.121); Section 4(f) of the USDOT Act of 1966, 49 U.S.C. § 303; and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 54 U.S.C. § 300101 et seq. FTA, as the federal lead agency, and Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), as the local project sponsor, jointly prepared the Environmental Assessment (EA) and Section 4(f) Evaluation to describe potential impacts on the human and natural environment and historic integrity that may result from the Red‐Purple Bypass Project on the CTA Red and Purple lines. The EA was prepared pursuant to 23 CFR § 771.119 and issued by FTA on May 19, 2015. This FONSI is prepared by FTA pursuant to 23 CFR § 771.121., and incorporates by reference the EA and other cited documentation. B. Existing Conditions Figure 1 is a map of the project limits. The Red‐Purple Bypass Project area is approximately 5 miles north of downtown Chicago, in the Lakeview community area. The project area, just north of Belmont station, includes the existing junction where three CTA rail lines, the Red, Purple, and Brown lines, converge at an existing flat junction (known as Clark Junction), mainline Red and Purple line tracks extend north to Newport and Cornelia Avenues, and the Brown Line branch extends west to approximately Seminary Avenue.
    [Show full text]
  • CTA: BUILDING a 21ST CENTURY TRANSIT SYSTEM PRESIDENT’S 2016 BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS CTA FY16 Budget Chicago Transit Board
    CTA: BUILDING A 21ST CENTURY TRANSIT SYSTEM PRESIDENT’S 2016 BUDGET RECOMMENDATIONS CTA FY16 Budget Chicago Transit Board Terry Peterson, Chairman Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Ashish Sen, Vice Chairman Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Arabel Alva Rosales Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Andre Youngblood Appointed by: Governor, State of Illinois Rev. Charles E. Robinson Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Alejandro Silva Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Kevin Irvine Appointed by: Mayor, City of Chicago Dorval R. Carter Jr., President CTA FY16 Budget Table of Contents Letter from the President ............................................................................................................................................... 1 CTA Organizational Chart ............................................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 2015 Operating Budget Performance 2015 Operating Budget Performance Summary ..............................................................................................31 2015 Operating Budget Schedule.............................................................................................................................40 President’s 2016 Proposed Operating Budget President’s 2016 Proposed Operating Budget Summary ............................................................................41
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Alternatives
    DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT Appendix E Description of Alternatives Chicago Red Line Extension Project Description of Alternatives October 31, 2012 Updated July 29, 2015 Prepared for: Chicago Transit Authority 567 W. Lake Street Chicago, IL 60661 Prepared by: 125 S. Wacker Drive Suite 600 Chicago, IL 60606 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES Table of Contents Section 1 Background Information ............................................................................. 1-1 Section 2 No Build Alternative ................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2 Stations .................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Yard ......................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.4 Operating Plan ......................................................................................................... 2-3 Section 3 BRT Alternative ......................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Infrastructure ............................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Stops and Parking .................................................................................................... 3-3 3.3 Yard ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • FY 19 UWP Document
    UNIFIED WORK PROGRAM Fiscal Year 2019 Year Fiscal FOR TRANSPORTATION Northeastern Illinois UWP for Transportation Unified Work Program Northeastern Illinois Fiscal Year 2019 The Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) Policy Committee was formed in 1955 to develop the first comprehensive long-range transportation plan for the northeastern Illinois region. In 1981, the governor of the State of Illinois and northeastern Illinois local officials designated the MPO Policy Committee as the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the region. As the MPO for northeastern Illinois, the MPO Policy Committee plans, develops and maintains an affordable, safe and efficient transportation system for the region, and provides the forum through which local decision makers develop regional plans and programs. This document was prepared by the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning (CMAP) and is sponsored by the agencies on the MPO Policy Committee. The report has been financed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S.DOT) through its agencies, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), and authorized by the State of Illinois. i MPO Policy Committee Municipal Government Liisa Lawson Stark Jeffery Schielke Assistant Vice President-Public Affairs Mayor, City of Batavia Union Pacific Railroad Council of Mayors Class 1 Railroad Companies Rebekah Scheinfeld Regional Agencies Commissioner Leanne Redden Chicago Department of Transportation Executive Director Regional Transportation Authority Counties John Yonan, P.E. Frank Beal Superintendent of Transportation and Highways Board Member Cook County Department of Transportation Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning and Highways Carolyn Schofield Thomas Cuculich Board Member County Administrator Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning DuPage County Operating Agencies Christopher J.
    [Show full text]
  • CTA Is Announcing the First Phase of the Red and Purple Modernization Program
    Red and Purple Modernization (RPM) Welcome to the Lawrence to Bryn Mawr Modernization Open House CTA is announcing the first phase of the Red and Purple Modernization Program. The purpose of tonight’s meeting is to: • Share information on the RPM Program and Phase One improvements • Discuss potential impacts and benefits of the proposed project • Obtain public feedback on the proposed project to inform the environmental analysis and design If you have questions, feel free to ask the representatives stationed around the boards. ® The Red Ahead Program Red Ahead is a comprehensive initiative for maintaining, modernizing, and expanding Chicago’s most traveled rail line. ® RPM is needed NOW The existing Red and Purple lines: • Run on structures built more than 90 years ago = higher maintenance cost and slow travel speeds • Shelter customers in stations built in the 1920’s = cramped and not ADA accessible • Have had a 40% increase in morning and evening ridership over last five years = crowding and less reliability • Provide 1 out of every 5 CTA train rides = great potential! RPM Corridor Vision Goals • Expand capacity - More trains with less crowding • Speed service - Fewer curves and better infrastructure • Improve reliability - More trains on-time • Improve accessibility - All stations accessible to people with disabilities • Build modern facilities - New wider stations, more reliable infrastructure for the next 60-80 years • Support economic development - More jobs and new development opportunities • Improve customer experience - Modern,
    [Show full text]
  • May 2014 Open House Exhibit Boards
    Welcome to the Red Line Extension (RLE) Open House The purpose of this meeting is to: • Provide information on the RLE Project • Share findings regarding anticipated project benefits and impacts • Hear and gather your feedback and suggestions • Discuss next steps and additional opportunities to be involved If you have questions, feel free to ask the representatives stationed around the boards. ® The Red Ahead Program ® What is the RLE Project? The end of the line for the CTA’s Red Line South is currently the 95th/Dan Ryan Terminal. This year, construction will begin on the 95th Street Terminal Improvement Project, which will expand and greatly improve the 95th/Dan Ryan Terminal. 83RD ST. 83RD ST. 4 With the estimated $2.3B Red Line4 Extension (RLE) Project,Ins eCTAt is E V 94 E E A 4 2 V V D A A E N GRESHAM E V E A 87TH ST E A N V 87TH L I A 87 87 ST. V O D 8 H C A R N S A 87th T N A A proposing to extend service from south of 95th/DanG Ryan Terminal R S L W 3 90 E S A D I E R G L E V Y D A T D A BRAINERD T N S O G T L N O O N O A A I T C W 94 K S H G 91ST ST 9 91ST ST. 9 I L a k e 2 4 to the vicinity of 130th Street. H M i c h i g a n C I M 290 95E 8 2 5 95th/Dan Ryan 95TH ST 95TH ST.
    [Show full text]
  • Phase One: Lawrence to Bryn Mawr Modernization
    Next Steps The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) will evaluate the Environmental Assessment, and the agency’s final decision documentation Building a better will allow CTA to move forward into the next phase of the project implementation transit experience (engineering) and qualify for federal funding. for our customers There are multiple opportunities to provide feedback throughout this process, including When completed, the RPM Program a public hearing. Phase One: would deliver all the benefits of modern service and infrastructure for Red Ahead Lawrence to customers. RPM is part of the CTA’s Red Ahead Bryn Mawr • Faster, smoother rides – New track, program, a comprehensive initiative for bridges, and viaducts, as well as maintaining, modernizing, and expanding Modernization electrical upgrades along the entire Chicago’s most-traveled rail line. Red-Purple corridor would allow CTA to safely increase the speeds The Red Ahead program also includes for all trains while also offering a the Red Line South Reconstruction smoother, quieter ride. Project (completed 2013), the 95th Street Terminal Project (began summer 2014), • Modern, comfortable, fully ADA the Wilson Station Reconstruction Project accessible stations along the (began fall 2014) and the Red Line entire corridor with elevators, Extension Project, which would extend wider platforms, and vastly the line south to 130th Street (currently improved amenities. in planning). • Less crowding and more frequent service – With wider, longer station [email protected] platforms along the entire line and upgraded electrical and signal transitchicago.com/rpmproject capacity, CTA can run longer and more frequent trains during rush facebook.com/thecta hour, reducing passenger wait times and alleviating overcrowding.
    [Show full text]