The American Legion Magazine [Volume 79, No. 4 (October 1965)]

THE AMERICAN 20c • OCTOBER 1965

MAGAZINE EARSrmjHE BERLIN WALL

"'111 by Wellington Long

HOW TO STAY ALIVE ON THE EXPRESSWAY by Robert H. Stirling

WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION by Louis Lochner * fl REPORT FROM THE 47* NATIONAL CONVENTION, ' it Portland, Oregon 4(1 1I",mi t BTHE MANS MXER W (It never smothers that good whiskey flavor!)

One right any man has is to demand flavor in his highball. Real whiskey flavor.

Seven-Up sees to it that you get it. You're going to notice right off how 7-Up rounds

out whiskey flavor . . . smooths it. But

smother it ? Never! You get a drink that's rich, hearty tasting. And 7-Up has such

vigorous sparkle you don't stir it. Seven-Up

stirs itself. Try it, Man! 7-Up. The man's

OCTOBER 1965

Volume 79, Number 4

POSTMASTER: LEGION Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Magazine The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Contents for October 1965 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin FOUR YEARS OF THE BERLIN WALL 8 Assistant Editor John Andreola BY WELLINGTON LONG Art Editor A review of communism's worst advertisement of itself- Al Marshall the cage in which it imprisons its own people. Associate Editors Roy Miller James S. Swartz Production Manager Art Bretzfield LEXINGTON & CONCORD, MASS 15 Copy Editor BY ALDEN STEVENS Grail S. Hanford Circulation Manager A travel article for today's motorists about the first battleground Dean B. Nelson of the American Revolution. Sixteenth in the Indianapolis, Ind. series "Seeing Historic America." Advertising Director Robert P. Redden Chicago-Detroit Sales Office Bart J. Burns 35 East Wacker Drive HOW TO STAY ALIVE ON THE EXPRESSWAY 16 Chicago, 111. 60601 CEntral 6-2401 BY ROBERT H. STIRLING Text and cartoons on the six rules that are most apt to keep you out of trouble in "over 60 m.p.h." traffic. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code SHOULD THE UNITED STATES RECOGNIZE number and current membership card number. Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. COMMUNIST CUBA? 18 TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION The American Legion pro: REP. ADAM C. POWELL (D-N.Y.) Publications Commission: con: REP. ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN, Jr. (D-ALA.) Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa ( Chairman) Adolph F. Bremer, W inona, ; Minn. ( V ice Chairman ) • Lang Armstrong,

Spokane, W ash. ; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- ton, W. Va.; John Cicero, Swoyerville, Pa.;

WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION 20 E. J . Cooper, Hollywood, Fla.; Clovis Cope- land, Little Rock, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- BY LOUIS P. LOCHNER ingtown, Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; The biggest news story of November 1933, and what Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Go,.; George D. Levy, Sumter, S. Howard E. Lohman, was expected to come of it then. C.J Moorhead, Minn. ; Frank C. Love, Syracuse,

N. Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss. ; J. H.

Morris, Baton Rouge, La. ; Robert MUchler,

Oswego, III. ; Harry H. Schafter, Pittsburgh, Pa.; Bradley J. Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; THE GIRL SCOUTS TAKE OVER FARRAGUT 26 Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; Benjamin B. BY R. B. PITKIN Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala. Edward MeSweeney, A r monk, 9,000 Girl Scouts had their Senior Roundup at the Navy's old N. Y. (Consultant) boot camp at Farragut, Idaho, this summer.

The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion. Copyright A REPORT FROM PORTLAND, OREGON 28 1965 by The American Legion. Second-class

postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price : single 16 pages of photos and text of The American Legion's copy, 20 cents ; yearly subscription, S2.00. 47th National Convention. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206, L. Eldon Departments ROD & GUN CLUB 25 James, National Commander.

EDITOR'S CORNER 2 PERSONAL 49 Publisher's Representatives LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 4 LEGION SHOPPER 57 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. DATELINE WASHINGTON 7 PARTING SHOTS 60 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif.

Northwest Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self -addressed, The Harlowe Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material! Seattle, Wash. 98101

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 :

BY-PLAY IN WASHINGTON agers playing our national pastime. I am In these troubled times a little good, proud to tell you that all Legion baseball clean fun comes as a refreshing breeze. EDITOR'S teams are coached, trained and managed So we are happy to note a little by-play by Legionnaires, at their own expense, on which happened in August, in case you their own time, as a positive contribution to missed it. It involved ( 1 ) a dilemma of —CORNER— American youth by The American Le- gion." Senator Everett Dirksen, of Illinois, (2) basis. As a result, the Mundt proposal was Meanwhile, Sen. Mundt's effort an innocent bill of Senator Karl Mundt, temporarily beaten because of the Dirksen second of South Dakota, and the cute way in to recognize "American Legion Baseball (3) addition to it. Senator Mundt's office had Week" succeeded, while Sen. which American Legion National Com- to bring the original proposal regarding Dirksen announced that he intended to keep on trying mander Donald E. Johnson rose to the "American Legion Baseball Week" in all to overcome the Supreme Court's "re- occasion to make a little publicity hay for over again. But of course another result apportionment" ruling by amending the a great program of The American Legion. was a spate of publicity for "American U.S. Constitution so as to permit Senator Dirksen wasn't kidding in his Legion Baseball Week" which the Mundt a state to have at least one house elected a efforts to get the Senate to approve an bill by itself would never have attracted. on basis comparable to that of U.S. Senators. amendment to the U.S. Constitution to At that point a grateful Legion National When the Mundt bill finally passed the permit a state legislature to have at least Commander rose to the occasion. On Au- Senate some weeks later, officially setting one house elected on some basis other gust 6, in Sen. Dirksen's office, Com- aside "American Legion Baseball than population (as the U.S. Senate itself mander Johnson presented both Senator Week," Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield is elected). But he couldn't get the two- Dirksen and Senator Mundt with baseball told Mundt: "While we played into extra thirds vote he needed. Just about this time bats and balls and the joint title "Cham- innings in an overtime I Senator Mundt introduced a resolution to pions of American Legion Baseball." game, was never concerned about the recognize 'American Legion Baseball Said Commander Johnson: "The Amer- outcome." Senator Dirksen had promised that he wouldn't Week—Aug. 31 -Sept. 6." It was a proper ican Legion has nominated these two great pull the same stunt a second time. resolution for Sen. Mundt to offer, as his Senators for this honor due to the fact that state was set to be the scene of the Le- by mutual effort, if not intent, they have SECRET PAPERS gion's youth baseball national finals (at given our national baseball championship Those few but noisy Americans who still Aberdeen, S. Dak.) during the week of series its greatest publicity in years. Nat- claim that they know that the Viet Cong urally, Aug. 31. But now Sen. Dirksen, using an the balls and bats we are presenting in South Vietnam is an "independent old legislative gimmick as a way to keep are those sponsored by one of baseball's movement of South Vietnamese" rather fighting for an apparently lost cause, of- greats, Ted Williams, who, like Yogi than an arm of the North Vietnam Com- fered an amendment to the Mundt bill so Berra, is a graduate of Legion baseball. munist Party will be interested, perhaps, that it would not only recognize "Amer- I sure you will appreciate that your am in the following captured communist in- ican Legion Baseball Week," but would hit-and-run publicity has drawn public structions of 1962 emanating from North also amend the Constitution of the United attention to an American Legion athletic Vietnam permit state legislature to have youth program that fielded almost 20,000 States to a "In regard to the foundation of the Peo- one house not elected a population teams this year with about 200,000 teen- on ple's Revolutionary Party of South Viet- nam, the creation of this party is only a matter of strategy; it needs to be explained within the party; and, to deceive the

enemy, it is necessary that the new party be given an outward appearance corre-

sponding to . . . the foundation of a new

party, so that the enemy cannot use it in Folks, enjoy the extra smoothness his propaganda. "Within the party it is necessary to ex- of my extra age plain that the founding of the People's Revolutionary Party has the purpose of Kentucky Bourbon! isolating the Americans and the Ngo Diem regime, and to counter their accusations of an invasion of the South by the North. It is means of supporting our sabotage of the Geneva agreement, of advancing the

plan of invasion of the South . . . and to gain the sympathy of nonaligned countries in Southeast Asia. "The People's Revolutionary Party has only the appearance of an independent existence; actually our party is nothing but ... and the extra age the Lao Dong Party (North Vietnam doesn't cost one extra cent! Communists), unified from North to South, under the direction of the central executive committee of the Party, the chief of which is President Ho Chi Minh

(of North Vietnam) . . . take care to keep this strictly secret, especially in South

Vietnam . . . Do not put these explanations in party bulletins." ". New document: . . One must not tell the people or party sympathizers that the People's Revolutionary Party and the Lao Dong Party of (North) Vietnam are one. Another Perennial favorite: One must not say that it is only a tactic. America's No. 1 Selling New document: "Study the instruc- Bonded Bourbon! 100 PROOF tions ... be careful they do not fall into

enemy hands . . . destroy the written docu- 86 PROOF ©DANT DISTILLERY COMPANY. LOUISVILLE, KY. ments immediately ..." r.b.p.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 Where did the newNorelco Speedshaver ever get the idea that it could match shaves with a blade?

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 3 .

title actually used in our August Pro and Con. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR sir: On July 28, Legion Commander Donald E. Johnson was quoted to the President by a reporter, during a Presi- Letters published do not necessarily ex- think up a good slogan to advertise these dential press conference, as saying that press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must historical cases, "The City of Squares" the Vietnam war could last five or six be furnished. Expressions of opinion and simply will not do. years. The President responded that he requests for personal services are appreciated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Anna H. Nordheimer could not say how long or short it would answered, due to lack of magazine staff for Savannah, Ga. be. This certainly backs up Commander these purposes. Requests for personal serv- Johnson's editorial effect ices which may be legitimately asked of August to the The American Legion should be made to sir: In the illustrations for the article that the way things are going the Presi- your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send "How They Built the Nation's Capital" dent should keep all the VA hospitals letters to the editor to: Letters, The (August), a building is identified as the open and close none. American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- (The House) William A. Bulman, Sr. nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. "President's Palace" White Recently, the Library of Congress in- Brooklyn, N.Y. THE BUDGET BUREAU vestigated the sketch, with the result sir: Deane and David Heller and The that the building has now been identified sir: The map in your travel article for American Legion Magazine are indeed as Blodgett's Hotel. August showed the town of Nauvoo in to be congratulated on the very pro- Benjamin M. Sheets Iowa, not in Illinois, and the highways found, excellent article entitled "The Marianna, Pa. out of kilter. Was it printed out of Extraordinary Powers of the Bureau of register? the Budget" (August). TOP SECRET John J. Klaber Felix M. McWhirter sir: In your Nov. 1963 issue, bowling Huntington, N.Y. Chairman of the Board champ Don Carter selected one single Yes. The map was in two colors, and Peoples Bank & Trust Company phase of "how to bowl" that was most the red plate was printed out of regis- Indianapolis, hid. apt to help a bowler raise his average by ter. Don't anybody try to follow that did our ten pins. I and my teammates map. Lord knows where you'd end up. sir: The Budget Bureau would undoubt- best to stick with his advice, no matter edly defend itself against your August what happened in any one frame. In a WORDS FROM BOYS' STATERS article by saying that it needs its dic- year and a half the five of us have raised sir: I was a member of the 1934 Boys' tatorial powers over both men and laws our team average 13 pins per man and State and enjoyed an unforgettable week in order to give us efficient and economi- moved from also-rans to champs of our at Colgate University learning the work- cal administration. To this I would quote 16-team league, after years of getting ings of our government. Since then, I John Stuart Mill: "What citizen of a free worse, not better. Carter's single point have been constantly reminded of my country would listen to any offers of was to make sure you don't start to put a experience through my complimentary good and skillful administration in re- lift on the ball until it has passed the subscription to your magazine. I hope turn for the abdication of freedom?" The bottom point of its forward swing at the that the members of the 1965 Boys' States point at which men demand powers foul line. We want to thank you and Don and those in the future are also given the which our Constitution labored so hard Carter, but please withhold my name and opportunity to be introduced to your to deny them is the point at which a free our town so the guys we bowl against fine magazine. people should cheerfully settle for ineffi- don't learn our secret. The league money Richard J. Siemborski cient and uneconomical administration, we won this year was enough to pay our New York, N.Y. if that is the consequence of refusing dic- Legion dues for the next 20 years! tatorial powers. Mussolini made the (Name withheld) sir: I would like to express the gratitude trains run on time ... ad nauseum. withheld) (Town of all the boys who attended Boys' State J. McF. Hanscombe Ohio at Auburn University in June to all the Seattle, Wash. people who took part in planning the AMPLIFICATION THE NATION'S CAPITAL week for us, to the counselors, to the sir: The Pro and Con title in your Au- sir: Allow me to express my apprecia- director, to past members of Boys' State, gust issue was "Should We Have Lower tion for the splendid article, "How They to each 1965 member and especially to Interest Rates and More Credit Avail- Built the Nation's Capital," by Joseph The American Legion which makes able." As the participant on the "No" L. Schott (August). Mr. Schott is to be Boys' State possible. side, I did not understand that this was congratulated and complimented for his Olen Larry Wakefield to be the title, hence my remarks under able and exhaustive work of research Double Springs, Ala. that title do not properly represent my which the article reflects. views. I wrote to the question, of whether As a long-time resident of Washing- PHOTOGRAPHERS SEEK we should have more or less federal INTERESTED PARTIES ton, I was not aware of the facts out- of money, and it is view management my sir: I took off-hours assign- lined in the article. Thanks to Mr. Schott, In 1944 an that we should not have more controls the wife and young I now have a new and greater apprecia- ment to photograph assure than those presently exercised to son of a Naval officer in their residence tion of the Capital city and its begin- an adequate supply of money to meet nings. in San Diego. I was paid in advance, but current needs of the economy. Within I tried deliver the portraits the Joseph R. Rice when to these limits, the natural operation of our Washington, D.C. officer had shipped out and the wife and free economic system, and its servant the son had moved, leaving no address. I still monetary system, would dictate the sir: May I add a postscript to one of the have the portraits, and would be glad to amount of credit available and the level articles in your highly readable and sub- deliver them if the family would identify of interest rates at any given time. Only stantial magazine? The article "How itself to me now. in this way can we protect those citizens They Built the Nation's Capital" (Au- Jim Davidson, President who save and those on fixed or limited gust) overlooked the fact that Savannah, Davco Electronics Corp. incomes. Certainly I would not argue for Ga., antedated Washington, D.C, by P.O. Drawer 861 higher interest rates and less credit as many years as a planned city. It is be- Batesville, Ark. 72501 the title might imply. lieved that Gen. Oglethorpe was in- Rep. Bill Brock (Tenn.) fluenced by the Genghis Khan Pekin sir: I have a WW2 photo of a grave in an Washington, D.C. Plan when he set up the design for isolated area of Germany, with seven Savannah. call We our series of pretty Rep. Brock is right. Through a misun- American fliers' names on it. If it is at parks "squares," though when we try to derstanding, he did not write to the all possible to locate relatives of the

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 deceased, I would be more than happy to furnish prints of the picture. The names, written on the marker, were: Richard Parsons, John L. Durr, Robert Johnston, James Schaen, Eduard Johnson, D. P. Smith and Brian Hurth. Robert F. Bly 65 E. 67th Ave. Crown Point, Ind. 46307 TAX CUT JOSEPH R. ROSEN, ENGROSSER sir: Your August editorial "A Dying Art" was a beautiful tribute to my late will mean smaller phone bills father, engrosser Joseph R. Rosen. He would have been so proud to know that you honored his passing as you did because his association with your organization was a very pleasant one. The thoughtfulness of my father's friends and BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY Checks My Or dra»n to the o'Der of "BELL TEL. CO.' associates is a source of comfort to my sister and me. Mrs. Ira Lee Jackson PLEASE ENCLOSE THIS STUB IF YOU PAY BY MAIL. OTHERWISE PRESENT THE ENTIRE BILL. Newton Highlands, Mass. HOWARD FLEMING sir: Your "Editor's Corner" in the Au- MR 555-2368 205 SPRUCE ST 28-DEC-65 issue concerning J. R. Rosen of gust ALLENS FALLS E Boston was wonderful; made me very happy, as others also. You were very thoughtful in giving Joe this place of

honor. LOCAL SERVICE 9 . 90 Ernest Hoftyzer Marion, Mass. LONG DISTANCE 2 . 10

FURTHER WORD ON STEPHEN FOSTER CC U.S. TAX 1.20. sir: May I take this moment to apolo- gize for the delay in expressing our TOTAL 13.20 sincere appreciation for the very fine article, "The Life and Legend of Stephen Foster," by Tom Mahoney in the June issue of your magazine. Many kind letters have been received concerning the article. One that was really appreciated was from Mrs. Alfred C. Morneweck, niece of Stephen Foster, The phone bills you receive beginning January 1, 1966, will who is his closest living relative. We purchased 1000 copies of the arti- reflect a cut from the present 10% to 3% in the Federal excise cle, which is being supplied to school tax on your service, both local and Long Distance. libraries as reference material. Foster L. Barnes, Director The saving in a year's time will amount to almost the cost Stephen Foster Memorial White Springs, Fla. of a month's telephone service.

CRUMMY? That's good news, with more to come. On each succeeding sir: I disagree with Mr. A. J. Peeler who January 1, an additional 1% cut will occur, so that by 1969, the stated in "Letters to the Editor" in the July issue that The American Legion entire 10% Federal excise tax on telephone service will be ended.

Magazine is "crummy." Even I, a high school senior, can appreciate the vast No excise tax revenues have ever gone to the telephone amount of information between its company. Instead, over the years, we have merely collected the covers. Just reading such articles as "The Lonely War in Vietnam" and "A New money for the United States government. Kind of American Soldier" makes this This is not the only excise tax that magazine worthwhile. Keep up the good has been repealed by

work! . • Congress. A large number of such taxes have been abolished Dianne Moore in order to stimulate the economy. But we are especially happy Holly Springs, Ga. that the telephone customer has been relieved of this burden on THE BOOB BLIGHT the only household utility still subject to Federal excise tax. sir: We are most grateful to you and Mr. Frank Remington for bringing "The You can be sure there will be no reduction in our efforts Boob Blight" (August) to the attention of your readers in such an arresting to give you the world's finest service! manner. This is just what we need to wake up the would-be litterbug. Lucy C. Fiske Keep America Beautiful, Inc. Bell System New York, NY. American Telephone and Telegraph and Associated Companies sir: I just read your fine article, "The Boob Blight." As a lover of the great

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 5 . .

CONTINUED LETTERS THE TRUTH ABOUT TO THE EDITOR JHfe outdoors, it made me damned mad to a Mini m m 11 W see what a few unthinking boobs are do- in to our national parks. I wonder if The American Legion could start a na- ARTHRITIS tional campaign through its membership to alert the public to what is happening. Heino E. Hukari Hood River, Oreg.

sir: Thank you for the article and I do PAIN hope the people who need to think about it, read it. Mrs. C. E. Sullivan Martinsburg, W. Va.

sir: I have just read "The Boob Blight" and have come to the conclusion that this is a nation of hogs. Viola Farver Harrisburg, Pa.

sir: The article proves what I've sus- pected for years: that the average American is a pig. William W. Terrill Indianapolis, Doctors know that no absolute Ind. cure for arthritis has yet been ECHOES & RE-ECHOES T. R. Fehrenbach's July article "What discovered. However, a method has Happened to the Men Who Signed the been developed to help ease the Declaration of Independence?" brought minor pain of arthritis, whenever it an avalanche of reader mail. On top of what appeared in September, here's occurs. Doctors all over the country a further sample of the continuing flood. have purchased Niagara® equip- Discover the remarkable results of sir: Nothing touched me quite as deeply ment. They have seen it bring extensive clinical experience and as this article. prompt, effective relief from minor doctor-supervised research con- Mrs. M. G. Hartzell Easton, Pa. arthritis pain. Now, you can get all ducted throughout the last ten years. the facts about this outstanding Find out how to combat many com- sir: It was excellent. Mrs. F. E. Borchers Niagara method. problems of the over-40 years mon Omaha, Nebr. —without resorting to drugs. FREE INFORMATIVE BOOKLET sir: Should be required reading by all students in all high schools throughout Learn the truth about arthritis pain. Send today for this free booklet— the country. Read the latest information about "ACHES, PAINS Hugo M. Pfaltz Short Hills, N.J. many typical symptoms of men and AND TENSIONS 40."'lt's yours sir: This story needed retelling and es- women over 40 . . . including fatigue, AFTER pecially now! nervousness, lack of sleep, as without obligation. simple Dan W. Flickinger well as the minor pain and muscle Simply mail the cou- Indianapolis, Ind. spasm of arthritis and rheumatism. pon below. sir: . . . An eye opener. Adolph Graffweg Hollywood, Fla. NIAGARA THERAPY CORP.

Dept. AL-10, 23 West 47th St., 7th Floor, New York, N.Y. 10036 sir: . . . Magnificent and enlightening. A. F. Conti rush complete information on the dynamic new concept of body care Please Burlington, N.J. without drugs ... the remarkable method already discovered by millions of people, and by many doctors, too. Send the informative booklet, "ACHES, sir: . . . Superb research and reporting. 40." booklet is mine free, PAINS AND TENSIONS AFTER I understand this Luther F. Meyer and without obligation. Fort Wayne, Ind.

Name sir: I would like to receive 10 or 12 copies of the article to place in our elementary Address schools. C. A. Christ

City • State. Zip Code. Superintendent of Schools Lyons, III.

sir: A fine, informative article. Paul M. Ogg Greenfield, Ind.

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 " "

NEW LAWS FOR MOTORISTS. DATELINE U.S. COMMUNISTS OPTIMISTIC. - - - - . . . ^ . CENTRAL AMERICA CLOSES RANKS. WASHINGTON

That increasingly harassed American, the motorist, has PEOPLE AND QUOTES: suddenly this summer become the obj ect of Congressional UGLY ROADSIDES affections . . . Some 40 pieces of legislation aimed at "We have been so intent on benefiting the motorist's safety and wallet are hopping providing the best roads in the around in the legislative mill on Capitol Hill. world that we paid little or no Already, this Congress has cut the federal excise tax attention to the blight that has levy will dwindle to on cars from 10% to 7%, and the 1% been growing up along many of by 1969 . . . Next scheduled auto law will demand smog- these roads.". Rep. Hale Boggs of fall of 1967. retarding devices for all new cars as (D-La.). Aroused by the national concern over the annual highway toll —48,000 killed, 3 million injured—Congressmen are also calling for collapsible steering wheels, crash- NOT US, FOR A CHANGE tight doors, highway safety devices, U.S. standards for "We are too wealthy and Dr. tire safety . . . The federal government early this year consequently unpopular." set minimum safety standards for some 38,000 vehicles it Konrad Adenauer, former Ger- purchases annually . . . Now some legislators want to Chancellor of free West apply these safety criteria to all autos sold in U.S. many.

FBI Chief J. Edgar Hoover minces no words in his latest HE DOUBTS U.S. report . . . "The great maj ority of the 800 communist- "We held off the French for bloc official personnel stationed in the United States. eight years. We can hold off the protected by the privilege of diplomatic immunity, have Americans for at least as long. engaged in intelligence assignments and are a dangerous Americans don't like long, in- threat to the security of the United States. conclusive wars. This is going As to domestic members of the Communist Party, Mr. to be a long, inconclusive war." Hoover says, our own U.S. reds and their supporters are Ho Chi Minh, North Vietnam's continuing to be "a major disruptive influence on the communist leader. national scene," concentrating on the restive youth. The FBI director said that though the past year's CONFIDENT racial and student demonstrations were neither insti- "We are in a crisis situation. gated nor controlled by communists, the reds have uti- is dangerous and it is diffi- lized every opportunity to infiltrate many of the demon- It cult. But we have been there strations so as to exploit them for their own objectives, is a great na- adding: before; and this and I have no doubt about "Communists today, in this country, are confident they tion, the result." Sec'y of State Dean are on the verge of swelling their ranks and are opti- Rusk. mistic about their chances to expand their influence on the national scene in the coming year. ACADEMIC OPPORTUNITY "Our university professors U. S. efforts to create a unified force under the Or- would serve their ganization of American States have met with resistance and students and their profession by countries sensitive to outside interference of any country with fruitful distinction if they kind . . . Turning over military control of the Domini- were to . . . become not only can Republic from the United States to the O.A.S., under dynamic fighters command of a Brazilian, alleviated that awkward situa- academic but the Communist drive to tion, but set back hopes for a Pan-American army to deal against ." . George with the reds. dominate the world. Meany, President of the AFL- Meanwhile , on their own, four Central American countries —Guatemala, Nicaragua, El Salvador, and Honduras— CIO. have taken initial steps toward c reating an integrated force to fight subversion . . . Castroites already are AFTER TWO WARS digging into the intercontinental neck of land that "After two world wars, most contains the Panama Canal. Americans have come to see The four little coffee countries are, together with that our own security and pros- Costa Rica, already economically formed into a developing perity cannot be isolated from

common market . . . Costa Rica is thus far staying out of that of the rest of the globe." the defensive combine . . . Fact is Costa Rica is proud Chester Bowles, U.S. Ambas- that its own defensive organization is tiny. sador to India.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 7 1

The Berlin Wall has so stamped itself on the consciousness of the A review of the greatest monument to world that it seems far longer than four years ago, last August 13, that it By WELLINGTON LONG was first thrown up as a barbed wire en- closure for a whole people. The barbed wire failed, to be replaced by cinder- Every night, one, two or three East The Russian attempt to renege on the block, cement, steel, more wire, and Germans make it safely to West Berlin, guarantee during the Soviet blockade of sentries shoot sight. It armed who on clawing a path through, over, under or West Berlin's land supply routes for 1 still leaks every day, as it did this past around the wall of cement, steel and wire months in 1948 and 1949 was overcome June 8, when Gregor Neumann shucked that divides the communist and free by the famous Air Lift. off his coat, shirt and trousers on the East worlds here. Four or five nights a week, Since 1948, Berlin itself has had two Berlin side of a canal, bounded on the communist soldiers spot them and open administrations, communist in the east, other side by the wall, and slipped into fire. In four years, at least 57 persons a freely-elected one in the west. The the dark waters. As he moved out of the have laid down their lives at the wall as Western allies tried to insist the city be deep shadows of the bank and into the if it were some monstrous sacrificial altar treated as a single unit. But the com- floodlit stream, he heard East an German to an evil god, and only the communists munists cut the telephone and telegraph guard yell in surprise, then shoot. know how many more refugees were cut lines, and municipal bus service ended The communist soldier's first burst was down or captured before they reached on either side of the demarcation line. wide. But he got the range on the next safety in the West. However, until 1961, the communists one. Neumann felt a bullet strike, but For every 60 who beat the wall, at permitted movement between the two terror drove him even faster through the least one person dies in the attempt. Yet halves of the city on the same basis that water. As he fetched up against the ce- the possibility of failure or death still residents on either side of an interna- mented west bank, he felt a ladder, doesn't deter East Germans who find it tional frontier cross freely between the grabbed it and started to climb. Seeing intolerable to continue living under com- two countries. Sixty thousand Berliners his dark shape outlined against the em- munism or separated from families living lived on one side of the line and worked bankment, the communists redoubled in the West. The lid the communists on the other, using 8 1 elevated and sub- their fire. Neumann felt himself hit clamped over the last free exit from East way, automobile and pedestrian crossing again and again, but he scrambled on Germany won't seal tight. points authorized by the communists. to the started top and crawling away be- For 16 years, from the arrival of the In those days of free passage between fore he collapsed. A West Berlin civilian allies in Berlin in the summer of 1945, the two Berlins, the communist regime found him lying unconscious beneath until August 13, 1961, the communists had decreed that only East Berliners some shrubbery. had left this one escape hatch open. could visit West Berlin—not East Ger- Twenty-two-year-old Neumann was East Germany had been quickly sealed mans. But as the seat of the East Ger- lucky. Bullet in his lungs, knee, wounds off from West Germany after the end man Government was in East Berlin, heel, buttocks repaired arm and were by of the war, by miles of barbed wire and several thousand East Germans had le- surgery. He'll live to have children and thousands of land mines. But if an East gitimate business there every day, and to tell their children about his flight from German could reach East Berlin, he was it was easy for them to join the crowds communism on the night of June 8, halfway to freedom. riding the elevated "S-Bahn" or subway 1965. Berlin is in the heart of East Germany, "U-Bahn" trains to West Berlin during But a wooden cross on the West Ber- surrounded by territory under commu- rush hours. The communists tried to en- lin side of the canal, on which he had set nist control. For 20 years, the Western force pass and goods controls on the

his sights, was raised and decorated with allies have managed to hold the Russians trains, but it was impossible to make more a crown of rusty barbed wire in memory to their guarantee that there be freedom than the most cursory spot checks as of others killed in the water before they of movement of goods and persons be- they raced between stations. finished their desperate race. tween West Berlin and West Germany. For years, hundreds of East Germans sneaked into West Berlin every day. Many remained only a few hours, to sit at a sidewalk cafe in uncommon luxury while reading a Western newspaper or just girl-watching, to go shopping, to take in a movie or play, or to visit friends and relatives. Most movie houses and theaters offered cut rates to anyone with an East Berlin or East German identity card, on the theory that their currency was worth only a fifth of the western Deutsche mark. Some of the daily quota of visitors always stayed. Usually they had only the clothes on their backs because to attempt to carry more would attract the attention of the communist police patrolling the trains and result in arrest. But some of the more daring would have made several previous visits wearing two suits or dresses at a time and carrying another in a shopping bag until most of their personal wardrobe had been transferred to 'warden" escapes. The Berlin Wall had barely been erected when this East German guard leaped to liberty. a friend's apartment.

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 A few of the refugees took up resi- own failure that any nation ever erected. dence in West Berlin, but most asked to be flown to West Germany where they could easily find a job and make a new start. The West German Government financed special daily flights for the refugees, who could not travel to West Ger- many by rail or highway because they would have been arrested at the first communist control point when leaving the city to start across East Germany. The planes flew from airfields within West Berlin, and despite threats, the communists were unwilling to take the risk involved in forcing down one of these planes to look over and perhaps remove some of the passengers. All of the planes were either American, British or French, and the communists wanted to avoid a direct confrontation with them. During those pre- 1961 years of the "nickel ticket to freedom," the number of refugees entering West Berlin rose and fell in direct proportion to the tem- perature of the Cold War. The East Ger- mans developed an uncanny ability to sense impending developments, and most major world crises were heralded by a sharp increase in the refugee rate. Even in non-crisis years, between 6,000 and 8,000 persons registered as political refugees in West Berlin every month and were flown to West Germany. Others were escaping across the long border between West and East Germany, but as that was patrolled more closely and the death zone along the frontier was wid- ened, emphasis shifted to Berlin. The communists themselves admitted that the population of East Germany decreased by 1.2 million, or 7%, between 1951 and 1961. The only other peace-time migra-

tion that could match it was that from Ireland during the time of the potato blight a century earlier. Half of the East Germans who fled were people under 25 years of age, precisely those the communist regime needed to make its un- wieldy economic machine run faster. Actually, by the time the communists resorted to the wall in 1961, the enormous total of 2,594,502 people had slipped out of East Germany in the ten and a half years starting with 1950. In the month of June 1953, 58,605 people escaped to freedom. In July 1961, the month before the wall went up, 30,- 145 fled. They were bleeding East Ger- many to death, and by their numbers advertising to the world a massive popular rejection of communism by people

forced to live under it. The Russians had threatened for years to take some action to force the allies out of West Berlin and end its function of what the communists describe as "'a cold war bastion." Deadlines were set, but allowed to pass when the Western

The wall as it divides Sebastian Strasse in the Kreuzberg district of Berlin. allies made it clear they couldn't be THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 9 FOUR YEARS OF THE BERLIN WALL scared away. Nevertheless, when Soviet Initially, the border was sealed with sion. But, nonetheless, hundreds made Premier Khrushchev met President Ken- a fence. Thousands of communist sol- mad dashes to break out to freedom be- nedy in Vienna in June 1961, he handed diers guarded factory and construction fore the frontier was perfectly sealed. him a brutally worded note repeating his worker "press gangs" forced to build it. Sometimes the guards joined in the flight. threats against West Berlin, this time set- For 29 miles it ran from Waidmann's One photographer snapped a picture of ting the end of that year as a new dead- Lust in the north to Rudow in the south, a communist soldier, steel helmet on his line. A sense of imminent disaster, what cutting through the vitals of the city, with head, submachine gun over his right the Germans call "Torschlusspanik," the former Reichstag (House of Parlia- shoulder, leaping a roll of the barbed swept East Germany. ment) on the western side, the former wire to freedom. Fearing that the last escape hatch was government buildings on the east, across When the communists realized the about to be slammed shut, thousands de- Potsdamer Platz—an enormous plaza in- wire wouldn't hold in a really determined cided, often from one hour to the next, to which six great avenues empty and East German, they began replacing it to abandon everything and head for Ber- once Europe's busiest square—and with a wall. They built it of four-foot lin. By the end of July as many refugees through the center of the newspaper dis- long cement slabs used in "Socialist" were reaching West Berlin in a week as trict. The only elevated and subway rail- building techniques. But instead of stand- came normally in a month. The Western way lines still permitted to cross the fron- ing them on their narrow edges, the com- allies realized the situation was getting tier ended at the first station in East Ber- munists laid the slabs broadside down, out of hand, and their foreign ministers lin, on platforms sealed except for one so that the wall was two feet thick. When held an emergency meeting in Paris. tiny and guarded exit. finished, it was 1 1 feet tall, topped with During the two days of discussion, 10,- On both sides, the weeping, unbeliev- another 18 inches of barbed wire. To 000 more refugees reached West Berlin, five times as many ascameinmostweeks. In assessing communist intentions, the allied ministers and their advisors di- vided into two schools. One shared the view of West Berlin's plucky Lord Mayor, Willy Brandt, that the communists would never dare block the flow of refugees for fear they would spark another anticommunist revolt in East Ger- many like that of 1953. The other thought the communists would act to stem the flow, but do so by requiring East Germans to have special passes to leave their home towns, and by making it tougher for them to visit East Berlin. None of the ministers who met in Paris on August 5-7 imagined anything remotely like a wall through the heart of Berlin, and their intelligence services failed them, too. East German Premier and Commu- nist Party chief Walter Ulbricht had been in Moscow just before the allies met in Paris, and secretly received the green light to seal the border between West and East Berlin, the one thing the westerners Tug of war. Communists seized the hands of this 77-year-old woman as she tried to thought he'd never dare to do. jump to freedom. A young West Berliner leaped to a lower window, seized her feet and On Sunday, August 13, 1961, at 2 a.m., successfully brought her into the waiting net held by a West Berlin fire brigade. when travel between the two parts of Berlin was at its lowest ebb, two East ing people came down to the demarca- block anyone crashing through in a car German motorized divisions entered the tion line to stare in shock at this bizarre or truck, steel antitank traps were ce- city and occupied the demarcation line. barrier which in a night had cut through mented into place on the eastern side. Ulbricht announced that henceforth no three million lives. Hardly a family was The first casualties were reported al- East German or East Berlin resident unaffected. Mothers were separated from most immediately. On August 19, 1961, could visit West Berlin for any reason. children, fiances from fiancees, men and six days after the border was sealed, 47- West Berliners could no longer visit East women from their jobs, families from year-old Rolf Urban died of injuries sus- Berlin. their gardens, students from their tained when he jumped from his second- Inside West Berlin, the allies still guar- schools, churches from their parishion- floor apartment in the Bernauerstrasse anteed security. But West Berlin's 2.2 ers, mourners from the cemeteries where to the sidewalk which was in West Ber- million residents, for years forbidden to their dead were buried. lin. Three days later, 58-year-old Ida leave their city to visit the surrounding The menacing force of communist Siekmann was killed jumping from the countryside, now also found half the city German soldiers along the border, and fourth floor of the same building. The banned to them. And the last route for the knowledge that 20 Soviet divisions following week, 24-year-old Guenter Lit- an East German to take to freedom with- lurked around the city to put down any fin was shot to death while trying to swim out risking death was closed, presuma- attempted revolt, as they had put down across the Humboldt barge harbor. bly forever. the 1953 uprising, prevented an explo- Litfin was the first of more than 20

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 men who were to die in Berlin's canals Two married couples with 1 1 children the cop before retreating through the and rivers, shot to death by communist between them slipped through a control shaft to West Berlin. guards on the banks or in patrol boats. point by hiding in a truckload of frozen A 38-year-old high-wire performer The guards often fired 200 or more beef. named Horst Klein escaped in December rounds from their machineguns until Repeatedly, West Germans or foreign- 1962, by climbing, hand over hand, their victim sank beneath the surface. ers smuggled people out of East Berlin along a high-tension cable whose power The communists moved families out by hiding them in false compartments in had been cut off. The wire crossed the of the houses fronting on their wall and their cars. The communists tried to meas- wall, but the cable and poles were outside bricked up the windows and doors, so ure all cars in hopes of finding such the beam of the fixed lights. Klein could refugees took to the roofs. On October sections, but didn't always calculate cor- see and hear communist patrols walking 4, 1961, 22-year-old Berndt Luenser and rectly. Once, a young man smuggled out beneath as he labored across the wire on a friend were seen waving frantically his fiancee by strapping her beneath his a bitterly cold night. When he reached a chimney on the roof of low slung sports car. When they read from behind PIP PHOTO Bernauerstrasse 44. The West Berlin fire of that escape, the communists started department was called, but as they ar- inspecting the undersides of all cars by rived, communist soldiers climbing from shoving mirrors mounted on tiny wheels the other direction reached the roof and beneath them. started struggling with the two fleeing Several men bluffed their way through men. Luenser broke loose from one, and the checkpoint used by foreigners by as the soldiers began firing pistols at him, wearing homemade uniforms and show- turned and jumped. He missed the safety ing forged documents. Two West Berlin net West Berlin firemen were holding men claimed they smuggled 386 persons on the street below. The communists out of East Berlin over a period of 32 beat his companion to death on the roof- months by using "Confederation Diplo- top, in view of horrified West Berliners. matique" passes issued as a kind of joke That night, work troops began fastening by an expensive Munich night club cater- rolls of barbed wire to the roofs of all ing to bored playboys. buildings at the demarcation line. In early 1964, some East Berlin youths Some East Berliners tried to slip discovered that one West Berlin subway through unused subway tunnels or over train passed briefly and without stopping elevated railway bridges. The commu- through a part of East Berlin, and trav- nists bricked up the tunnels and erected eled above the surface in a ditch for steel gates on the bridges. Desperate men about 1,000 yards. One boy leaped on reached freedom through the sewer lines, the train as it sped past, while a chum so the communists cemented iron bars watched. Before the second boy did the in them. Barbed wire was stretched along same thing, he told another. And so it the bottoms of the rivers and canals, par- went, until 17 in a high school class of allel with the bank, to trap would-be 25 disappeared. The teacher tipped the escapees. In December 1961, 25 persons police who caught the 1 8th lad about to broke through to West Berlin in a com- jump. muter train. The tracks were torn up. But the tunnel builders were the most An army mechanic stole a tank he was ingenious planners. The first tunnels, re- repairing and smashed through a check- ported in early 1962, were built from point at one of the few openings in the east to west. West Berlin students, excited wall. The communists deepened their by the idea, formed several groups to control zone, so that anyone approach- tunnel into East Berlin and bring out ing a crossing point was delayed by an relatives and friends. A tunnel needed initial barrier and checkpoint a block engineering—to plot course and depth away. through the treacherous sandy soil to Some, like 18-year-old Peter Fechter, a place in East Berlin hidden from the attempted frontal attacks on the wall. He prying eyes of the communist police and was shot as he gained the top of the wall, informers, and to plan movement of and turned to help another lad up. He fell work crews and equipment into and dirt back on to the eastern side, where he out of the tunnel entrance on the western bled to death. Austrian student Dieter side without alerting communist look- Wohlfahrt was shot to death while cut- outs stationed on towers to sweep the ting a path through the barbed wire for area ceaselessly with powerful binocu- the mother of a friend. lars. Student tunnel builders needed West Berliners tearfully wave to friends When the wall failed to discourage money, and they got it from magazines, on the other side of the wall. attempts to breach it, the communists German and foreign television film com- cleared a wider sterile zone behind it, panies, relatives who wanted someone the western side, he was so exhausted he knocking down anything that provided brought out or simply by taking up a just dropped, breaking both arms and cover for an escapee, and mounted pow- collection. legs. erful lights which shone all night on the The largest group known to have es- But Klein had left a wife and child wall. Fierce police dogs were hooked to caped by tunnel came out during a week- in East Berlin, and after a few months wires hung between poles which let them end in October 1964. Fifty-seven per- became remorseful. In late 1963, he re- roam back and forth along the wall for sons, including 3 1 women and three chil- turned to them. The communists sen- 100 yards. dren, crept through it before a commu- tenced him to 30 months imprisonment But for every hole the communists nist policeman discovered it. One of the for a crime described as "fleeing the re- closed, the Germans found another. tunnel builders was armed, and killed {Continued on page 44)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 \\ !

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AD645932(K)(S-8A) 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 Al l, PHOTOS—BLACK STAR SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #16 A travel series for motorists

Lexington & Concord today: Battle Green, where first shots were fired in Revolution; the Minute Man statue; Old North Bridge. LEXINGTON & CONCORD Where the Revolution started

(Readers may find this series of value on Parker that his little band was hopelessly future motor trips or of interest to stu- outnumbered by the advance guard of Pond is just south of town. The "Old dents of American history. We suggest more than 400 British regulars. Yet he Manse" was Rev. William Emerson's you clip and save each one as it appears.) spoke his bold and famous "Stand your parsonage and later the home of Na- ground" order. thaniel Hawthorne, whose writings in- By ALDEN STEVENS The British fired two volleys and at- clude "The Scarlet Letter" and "The Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide tacked with fixed bayonets. Eight Ameri- House of Seven Gables." cans were killed and ten wounded. Par- The Emerson House and the Old first battle of the American ker and his men were forced to withdraw The Manse are open to the public. Revolution took place at Lexington, and the British marched on to Concord. At Lexington, the Buckman Tavern, Mass., about 1 1 miles northwest of Bos- Here the story was different. There where the Minutemen assembled before ton, on today's State Route 4. It con- were 400 Minutemen. They attacked the battle, and the Munroe Tavern, Brit- tinued to Concord, about 8 miles farther across the North Bridge and drove the ish Headquarters, still stand and are west. Today, the Old North Bridge at packed with relics and exhibits. Concord has been rebuilt, and Daniel Boston is within easy reach. Its "Free- Chester French's famous statue of the dom Trail," a well-marked walk through Minute Man, made familiar to all as a the central area, passes 15 points of in- symbol for U.S. War Bonds, stands near terest to students of U.S. history. it. On the Battle Green at Lexington (still kept green) is a boulder with Capt. 1965 Motel and Restaurant Info: John Parker's order to the Minutemen engraved on it: "Stand your ground. At Concord: Excellent—Howard Johnson's Motor Lodge, Elm St., 2 miles west on MASS 2. Don't fire unless fired upon; but if they 78 rooms, pool. Restaurant, bar. (617) 369-6100. Excellent Concordian Motel, Hosmer St., mean to have a war, let it begin here!" — Acton, 5 miles west on MASS 2. 52 rooms, pool. Nearby is the memorial to the Lexington (617) 263-7765. Very good—Petite Auberge Restaurant, Summer St., Maynard, 6 miles west Minutemen by Bashka Paeff. on MASS 62. Lunch, dinner. Closed Sunday. French cuisine. Specialties: beef a la Bourguig- It was on April 19, 1775, that Gen. British back in to confusion begin their nonne, frogs legs Provencal. (617) TW 7-2850. Thomas Gage sent about 700 British sol- retreat to Bunker Hill in Charlestown. At Lexington: Very good—Battle Green Motor Inn, 1720 Massachusetts Ave., 90 rooms, pool. diers to destroy military stores and They were harassed all along the way by Restaurant. (No bar; Lexington is dry). (617) VO 2-6100. Very good—Lexington Motor Inn, equipment held by the Provincial Con- Minutemen and citizens. The Revolu- Marrett Rd., 2y2 miles west on MASS 2A. 64 gress in Concord. Unknown to General tion had begun in earnest. rooms, pool. Restaurant. (617) 862-2726. (There are many other accommodations nearby. See Gage, every move he made was watched There is a remarkably familiar feeling Mobil Travel Guide to the Northeastern States.) and reported. Paul Revere and William for Americans who visit this ground.

Dawes preceded the expeditionary force Not only did the Revolution begin here, Your visit to any historic area is

and warned Samuel Adams and John but for years these towns were centers greatly enriched if you read about it Hancock in Concord, as well as hundreds of American culture and literature. first. John C. Miller's "Triumph of Free- of patriots along the way. Ralph Waldo Emerson lived in Concord dom, 1775-1783" is a good history of the There were only about 75 Minutemen from 1835 until his death in 1882 and Revolution. Townsend Scudder's "Con- on the green at Lexington when the Brit- his house still stands. Henry Thoreau cord: American Town" tells the story of ish arrived. It was obvious to Capt. John was born in Concord and his Walden the area.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 15 all the rules for safe driving OFon our high-speed expressways, Robert H. Stirling, manager of Alive the 2,800-car fleet maintained by the How to Stay Travelers Insurance Companies, gives priority to the six points illustrated on these two pages. Travelers is sinking a quarter million dollars into research on auto accidents, and it is a long-time traffic-safety advisor to auto-fleet operators. In company with many other in- surers, its staff is all too familiar with the causes of auto accidents as a result of investigating and paying claims. In addition to managing Traveler's own auto fleet, Mr. Stirling is the immediate past president of the Nat'l Association of Fleet Administrators. Mr. Stirling YIELD. When an expressway entrance is marked with a "yield" sign it doesn't lumps all six of his points for wise ex- just mean "look out as you enter." The yield sign implies a speed no greater than pressway motoring under the heading of 10 m.p.h., and a voluntary full stop on your part if there's traffic approaching "defensive driving" while flowing in in the lane you'll enter. More than that, you have no right of way at all, and traffic that's doing 60 m.p.h. or better. you can be held responsible for an accident at the point without regard to the

They aren't rules for getting out of an story of how it happened. "Yield" means that it is your job and nobody else's emergency, but regular habits to follow to see that an accident does not happen there as you enter. In effect, it's like a day-in-day-out to prevent emergencies in stop sign except that if there is no traffic in sight you are excused from coming the first place. to a full stop.

SPEED-UP STRIP. The speed-up strip, slanting in at a It can be death to go poking out of a speed-up strip at sharp angle, is the exact opposite of the "stop sign" or "yield 30 m.p.h. into a flow of 65 m.p.h. traffic. Can be? It has been sign" intersection. It is designed for you to match the speed death, time and again. Lie back on the strip and look for a of the expressway traffic as you enter so that you merge with completely safe opening in the main traffic, then accelerate it smoothly. to flow into the opening at expressway speed.

90 * pot' ^

MAINTAINING SPEED. Drivers who go too slow are a to match the speed of the rest of the traffic by constantly danger to themselves and others on high-speed expressways, changing his pace within the limits of posted permissible quite as much as those who go too fast. Anybody who thinks speed. Keeping steady pace with the bulk of the traffic is 40 is a "safer" speed than 60 may shorten his life by the the safest speed on expressways. It minimizes the need for process of piling a car, or a whole row of them, up on his rear. others to react to you and hence the chance that one driver Not so well advertised is the menace of the driver who fails may fail to respond to your erratic driving in time.

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 — m the Expressway Some common sense based

on insurance records and fleet operators' experience.

TAIL-GATING. The Travelers Insurance Companies' rec- every 10 m.p.h. of speed. Tail-gating (riding hard on the rear ords of their own fleets, and of auto insurance cases, show of the car in front) has been identified as the principal cause that the expressway driver is very likely to become involved of accidents on expressways. If you don't allow maneuvering in a chain-reaction accident if he doesn't hang back a reason- room and stopping room, a slowdown or stoppage so far ahead able distance from the car in front of him. Commonest ad- that it is out of sight can have you piled up in a twinkling. vice is to allow at least one car-length of empty space for Some tail-gating pileups have involved more than 30 cars.

THE FIXED STARE. The expressway driver must "keep his far ahead, near, sideways, at your rear and side mirrors. eyes on the road" but not as though he were hypnotized. This optical exercise will help keep you mentally awake as

If you stare straight ahead your ability to see things "out of well as it will maintain your peripheral vision while driving the corner of your eye" narrows. Keep your eyes moving on often-monotonous expressways.

THE SAFETY ZONE. Develop the habit of being constantly with respect to all of them. You can't always do it on a aware not only of the car in front, but of those at your sides crowded highway, but good, long-lived "defensive drivers"

and behind you. make it a habit to drift away from tail-gaters on their own Awareness of your relation to all cars near you is invaluable rears and cars that crowd them on their sides, even if it means in helping make the right instantaneous response to any dropping behind them. emergency. And now that you know where all of your nearby They also note how other drivers are driving and try to fellow-drivers are, do your best to maintain a "safety zone" ease out of the neighborhood of an erratic driver, the end

ILLUSTRATED BY CARL ROSE THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 17 WASHINGTON PRO* CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON U.S. CUBA POLICY

SHOULD THE UNITED STATES YES Rep. Adam C. Powell (D-N.Y.) with any communist or communist-controlled govern- 18th District ment? The United States should 2.) How operative in today's world of 1965 power resume diplomatic relations realities is an 1823 doctrine? with Cuba if only because we To answer the first question, we do. Our recognition maintain diplomatic ties with of and diplomatic relations with several communist the communist dictatorships of tyrannies is a fact of our foreign affairs. the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, The second question is answered by the passage Hungary and Rumania, the tyr- of time and the swift change in power relations be- annies of Spain and Portugal tween nations. The Monroe Doctrine is outmoded. and the race-hating despotism of South Africa. By maintaining diplomatic ties with Cuba and fos- But consistency has never been a predictable com- tering an economically viable Cuba, the U.S. may be ponent of American foreign policy. Consequently, a hastening the possibility of Castroism becoming a list of all the disagreeable governments in the world Latin-American form of Titoism, an ideology we find it infinitely easier to live with than international com- with whom we disagree—yet still recognize—does not necessarily solve the problem of communist Cuba. munism. What distinguishes Cuba from other communist gov- In the final analysis, the problem lies in what the ernments is its location in the Western Hemisphere. distinguished Chairman of the U.S. Senate Foreign Worse, from the standpoint of our national security, Relations Committee, J. William Fulbright, once Cuba is only 190 air miles from Miami, Fla. termed our "excessive moralism which binds us to By itself, Cuba's pip-squeak military apparatus is old myths and blinds us to new realities." hardly a threat to our national security. But as part It lies in the history of our shoddy, white supremacy- of an international communist conspiracy, Cuba be- oriented, paternalistic policies toward Latin America, comes a venomous danger to America. with our loving support of any swaggering South For this country to tolerate Cuba's communist dic- American dictator ruthlessly murdering his own peo- so as tatorship—if we are to be consistent—is to deny the ple which we condoned long he was anti-com- contemporary validity of the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 munist. which we insist still guides our foreign policy. Chopping off recognition of Cuba doesn't remove In today's world, shrunken by global military alli- the cancer of world communism or the threat of com- ances, intercontinental missiles, nuclear power, "gun- munism in the Western Hemisphere. boat diplomacy" and the new togetherness of the It only covers this festering malignancy with the Organization of American States, the Monroe Doctrine weak and unrealistic powder of our self-conceit. is little more than a nationally cherished antique. Therefore, the question of renewing diplomatic ties with Cuba must be subsumed by two larger questions:

1.) Should the U.S. maintain diplomatic relations

If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel

on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and mail it to him »

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 BY REPRESENTATIVES ADAM C. POWELL, N.Y., AND ARMISTEAD I. SELDEN Jr., ALA.

RECOGNIZE COMMUNIST CUBA? NO Rep. Armistead I. Selden, Jr. (D-Ala.) missile crisis, the communist Cuban regime has con- 5th District tinued to serve as a base for subversion and aggression D ecognition of Castro Cuba throughout the hemisphere—fomenting riot and re- by the United States would volt against established Latin American governments. represent the greatest surren- The Organization of American States has studied der of national principle and the evidence of Castro communist subversion in Vene- honor—and the worst foreign zuela and branded the Cuban regime an aggressor. policy setback—in the history And the House Subcommittee on Inter-American Af- of this country. fairs, of which I am chairman, has produced two re- It would be the ultimate ap- ports fully detailing communist Cuban subversion peasement of aggressive international communism. against legitimate governments in Central and South Because it would constitute a betrayal of the people America. of Cuba and their aspirations for freedom from red Thus, those who advocate recognition and a "soft" domination, recognition of the Castro regime would line in the face of Cuba's relentless effort to destroy signal the collapse of Free World defenses against com- the inter-American system are in effect seeking to re- munism from West Berlin to Saigon. ward communist aggression. Today, as in the 1930's, Indeed, the people of the world would ask: "How there is but one word to describe this policy: appease- can the United States claim that it means to defend ment. Western Europe and Southeast Asia from communist Just as the British Government of the 1930 's sacri- aggression when it acquiesces to such aggression in its ficed the freedom of the people of Austria and Czecho- own backyard?" slovakia in the face of Nazi aggression, a new breed Since the early days of the Republic, we have re- of short-sighted appeasers now seeks to sacrifice the garded the defense of our hemisphere—and its free- freedom of the people of Cuba and Latin America to dom from foreign totalitarian influence—as a bedrock communist aggression. foreign policy principle. The efficacy of this principle We are pledged—by solemn agreement with other was amply borne out at the time of the Cuban missile countries of the hemisphere—to curb and finally eradi- crisis of 1962. cate communism in the Americas. This pledge must The Soviet attempt to make a missile base of Castro's be carried out. Communism in the Western Hemis- Cuba made clear to all the world that the Castro phere—as the late President Kennedy declared—is regime was a mere communist pawn in the Caribbean. not negotiable. This blood-stained dictatorship does not represent the people of Cuba, but only the communist masters who

maintain and support it. Nor did Castro or his Kremlin masters really alter their goal following that 1962 confrontation. Since the

I"" THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE

I have read in The American Legion Magazine IN MY OPINION THE UNITED STATES

for October the arguments in PRO & CON: SHOULD SHOULD NOT RECOGNIZE COMMUNIST CUBA.

Should the United States Recognize Com- SIGNED ADDRESS munist Cuba? TOWN STATE..

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 19 When F.D.R. recognized

By LOUIS P. LOCHNER Maxim Litvinov, exchanged letters confirming their understandings on the basis of which U.S. recognition was being will be 32 years this November 17 since the United granted. The two architects of this achievement then shook It States officially recognized the communist regime in Mos- hands and toasted each other with a glass of newly legalized cow as the legal government of the Russian people. On 3.2% beer. that date in 1933 the National Executive Committee of The Recognition of the USSR was controversial then, and the American Legion met in Indianapolis and noted that its resolu- controversy is not dead yet. tion "unalterably opposing the diplomatic recognition of the Following the Bolshevik coup d'etat of November 7, 1917, Communist Soviet Government of Russia" has been "called to 16 years elapsed without recognition of the Soviets by the the attention of the President of the United States." It also United States. Five American Presidents (Wilson, Harding, noted, forlornly, that "the present situation relative to recog- Coolidge, Hoover and Roosevelt) were faced with the prob- nition of Russia is being carried in the daily press." lem, as were Secretaries of State Bainbridge Colby, Charles Around midnight of the same day, President Franklin D. Evans Hughes, Frank B. Kellogg, Henry L. Stimson and Roosevelt and the Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, CordellHull.

WIDE WORLD

THE WH4TE HOUSE WASHINGTON, D.C.

November 16, 1933.

My dear Mr. Litvinov:

I am very happy to inform you that as a result of

our conversations the Government of the United States

has decided to establish normal diplomatic relations

with the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist

Republics and to exchange ambassadors.

I trust that the relations now established between

our peoples may forever remain normal and friendly, and

that our nations henceforth may cooperate for their

mutual benefit and for the preservation of the peace of

the world.

I am, my dear Mr. Litvinov,

Very sincerely yours,

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

Mr ./Maxim M. Litvinov,

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs,

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics/

In 1933, Franklin Roosevelt signed letter establishing diplomatic relations with Russia. In two years, cordiality cooled.

20 TH E AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 ^ T A story of personal the Soviet Union expectations in 1933.

The Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia in 1917, headed President was at that time attending the Allied Peace Con- by Nicolai Lenin and Leon Trotsky, occurred during Wood- ference in Paris from which the Treaty of Versailles emerged. row Wilson's second term as President. Trotsky, as Com- To obtain first-hand personal information about the new missar of Foreign Affairs, almost immediately asked all the leaders of Russia, Mr. Wilson sent William C. Bullitt, a 27- accredited foreign envoys in Petrograd for recognition. year-old attache of the American delegation, on a secret mis- Neither the United States nor any of our allies replied affirm- sion to Moscow. atively. They and we, in fact, supported counterrevolutionary Bullitt was thoroughly impressed with the Bolshevik regime movements in Russia. and deepy convinced that the Russian people desired a social- It was not long before our allies adjusted themselves to ist form of government. He worked out an agreement with the new situation and one by one recognized the USSR, Chicherin which was calculated to make recognition possible. but we persisted in our refusal. Back in Paris, Bullitt failed to win President Wilson's sup- A stinging letter from Serge Chicherin, Trotsky's successor port of the proposed agreement. All information from the in the Russian Foreign Office, addressed to President Wilson United States indicated that the American people thoroughly early in 1919, further aggravated the strained relations. Our disliked and distrusted the communists. Grievously disap-

\\ IDE WORLD

Washington,

November 16, 1933.

My dear Mr. President:

I am very happy to inform you that the Government

of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is glad to

establish normal diplomatic relations with the Govern-

ment of the United States and to exchange ambassadors.

I, too, share the hope that the relations now

established between our peoples may forever remain

normal and friendly, and that our nations henceforth

may cooperate for their mutual benefit and for the

preservation of the peace of the world.

I am, my dear Mr. President,

Very sincerely yours,

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs, r Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Mr. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States of America, The White House.

Maxim Litvinov (right) exchanged letter with Roosevelt, bringing to a close 16 years of Soviet efforts to gain recognition.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 21 CONTINUED When RD.R. recognized the Soviet Union

pointed, Bullitt resigned and returned home to the U.S. pressure from within America, under the leadership of Sen. In March 1919, our State Department was surprised with William E. Borah of Idaho, became manifest. a letter from New York, sent by a Russian engineer named Unflinching support of an anti-communist stand continued Ludwig C.A.K. Martens, stating that he had been appointed on the part of the American Legion, the American Federa- Soviet envoy to the United States. He enclosed credentials tion of Labor and Roman Catholic Father Edmund Walsh, signed by Chicherin. founder of Georgetown University's School of Foreign Serv- Martens explained that Moscow was eager to develop ice. The Moscow dictatorship gave President Hoover's stand commercial relations with the United States, and that siz- against recognition an unintended assist shortly before the able business orders would follow recognition. His communi- end of his term by flooding the world with Soviet-printed cation was not accepted officially, and Martens subsequently counterfeit American money. left for Russia under deportation orders. In his "Memoirs," Hoover explained his stand in these

Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby, on behalf of President simple words: "If one of our neighbors is wicked in all his Woodrow Wilson, explained to the Italian Ambassador in relations with the community we do not necessarily attack Washington, D.C.: him. We even minister to him in sickness. [Hoover had "The Bolsheviki, an inconsiderable minority of the people, headed U.S. relief of Russia's famine in 1921.] But we do by force and cunning seized the powers and machinery of not establish his respectability in the community or offer him government and have continued to use them with savage opportunities to extend wickedness by asking him into our oppression. Their responsible statesmen have declared that home." the very existence of Bolshevism depends upon revolution in He feared that recognition would inevitably lead to dan- all other great countries including the United States. There gerous infiltration into America by communist agents and

can be no confidence if pledges are to be given with cynical agitators. repudiation already in the mind of one of the parties. We He also recalled that "more than 5,000,000 people had

RALLY FORCES America's OnlyWorking For Daily Worker Tag Days orker Dail Class Daily Newspaper Not. 14, 25, 26th! Central Orga -€ofrmunist Party U.S.A.

VoL X, No. 277 NEW YORK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 18, IMS (Eight Pa(«) Price 3 Cent* SOVIET UNION RECOGNIZED

U. S. WORKERS HAIL SOVIET RECOGNITION VICTORY

Recognition the USSR and "USSR Recognition of Reversal of U.S. Non-Recognition Policy the American Toiling Masses 9 AN Great Victory" Says , EDITOtlAL . Is Victory for the Workers Fatherland A FTEB sixteen year* of stubborn refusal to recornize tha Soviet Union, American imperialism it nor forced to Growing Strength of Union "Pravda" Editorial iwtiM Ita traditional non-recognition policy aof gram full Is Proof of of diplomatic recognition to the victorious worker*' and peae- Socialist Soviet Republics and a anta of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet Leadeis "Recognition of the Roosevelt Admin* Success of Its Peace Policy USSR by American capitalism, in the throes of the deepest crisis istration is a Big Indication of Power and ia iU entire history, wan moved at thin juncture to extend Bullitt Appointed U. S. Ambassador as Full Importance of the Soviet Union" recognition to the land of rising Socialism. Diplomatic Relations Are Extended Every American worker will Jo»oosIy hail tala victory by President Roosevelt "5- Year Plan Not Only Tremendous Econom** af Um Wart era' Fatherland. Success, But Strengthened Inter- No wonder now that the American capitalist press and Br MAacrauTE VOU.Nli of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat, national Position of Soviet Union" aO the bitterest enemies (WMktafU. Birrsa) ere foread to resort to the most fantastic distortions to cover WASHINGTON. Nor. 17—Tk. I'ail* Sut« urm4 t* mthia **etnrv at rfc» RavM I'nlrwi Ita iwwlin tmnrvrttw-

Daily Worker saw recognition as victory for "Fatherland." Reds' agreement not to interfere in U.S. internal affairs was ignored.

cannot recognize a government which is determined and been cruelly butchered in Russia. Millions were in Siberian bound to conspire against our institutions." slave camps. Bloody terror and murder of innocent people Chicherin welcomed the Republican Administration of were rampant." Warren G. Harding in the United States in 1921. He figured Large sections of the American business community, how- that the business-minded Republican would easily be tempted ever, thought otherwise. Brisk trade developed increasingly by promises of huge Russian commercial orders. But Sec'y between the two countries. Some of our largest firms, notably of State Hughes cited the instability of the communist econ- General Motors Corp., General Electric Co., International omy and the insecurity of life and property in Russia as rea- Harvester Co. and Standard Oil Co. even granted commercial sons why the American position remained unchanged. long-term credits to the young Soviet state. Harding was succeeded by Presidents Calvin Coolidge and With the onset of the Great Depression, Senators Burton Herbert Hoover, both Republicans, and Secretary of State K. Wheeler of Montana and Bronson Cutting of New Mexico Hughes by Frank B. Kellogg and Henry L. Stimson. Neither warned that Russian business would go elsewhere if we did Administration recognized the USSR, although increasing not assume a friendlier attitude toward the Soviet Union.

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1963 Depression also hit the Soviet Union hard, so that the drop in orders for American products had necessarily to follow. The worsening of Japanese-Soviet relations in the early thirties made the vigorous Litvinov, who succeeded the ailing Chicherin, all the more eager for amicable connections with the United States. Heartened by Secretary of State Stimson's denunciation of Japan's activity in Manchuria, he sought to convince Sen. Hiram W. Johnson Sen. Burton K. Wheeler Sen. William E. Borah American public opinion that Russia might prove a potential ally against Japan. That evoked favorable responses from Newton D. Baker, who had been Secretary of War under President Wil- son; Senators Joseph T. Robinson of Arkansas and Key Pittman of Nevada, and the editors of the New Republic and The Nation. Litvinov also found a welcome ally in the Chinese Government, which late in 1932 resumed diplomatic relations with Russia. China's envoys in Geneva, Nan- Sen. Key Pittman Sen. Joseph T. Robinson Sen. Bronson Cutting king and Washington were instructed to Johnson, Wheeler and Cutting saw enormous business in Russian trade if we recognized. sound out their American counterparts Robinson and Pittman saw a potential ally against Japan. Borah favored formal relations. and try to influence them in favor of the Soviet Union. The combined Soviet, Chinese and intra-American campaigns for recognition acted like the proverbial steady drop that finally hollows a stone. Even Stim- son finally weakened. He surprised Am- bassador Joseph C. Grew in Tokyo by instructing him to "carry out all the social functions customary between a member of the [Diplomatic] Corps and its Dean." The dean of the foreign diplomats in Tokyo was none other than Soviet Ambassador A. Troyanovsky. Until then, on earlier instructions, Grew had ignored his Russian colleague because he represented a government which we had not recognized.

During all these goings on, New York's Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt was sitting on the side lines observing the debate. Long before his nomination for the Presidency, Mr. Roosevelt prevailed upon his long-time friend, William C. Bullitt, who was still zealously in favor of formal relations with the USSR, to visit Russia as his personal emissary and

Our first Ambassador, William C. Bullitt, with Kalinin and Litvinov, Moscow, Dec. 1933. fact finder. Washington attache William Bul-

They were supported by a considerable billions of dollars' worth of future or- litt, a former newspaper correspondent, segment of the press. ders in Russia for American workers to assured Bolshevism's most trusted jour-

Trade between the two countries con- fill, and in these times it is simply idiocy nalist, Karl Radek, that Governor

tinued to grow until early in 1932, when for America, by its policies, to preclude Roosevelt would undoubtedly be the Russian purchases from the United Americans from trade and commerce next American President and would States began to drop alarmingly. Oppon- which so readily could be obtained." quite probably establish normal and even ents of Soviet recognition claimed the On the other hand Prof. Robert P. friendly relations with the USSR. He decline was due to Russia's inability to Browder [a member of the Department praised the Soviet regime for the prog-

pay for foreign goods. Defenders argued of History, Univ. of Colorado, and au- ress it was making at a time when other that the Soviets had taken their business thor of "The Origins of Soviet-American countries were having political and eco- elsewhere because of the absence of dip- Diplomacy"], who has made this period nomic crises. lomatic relations. Sen. Hiram W. John- of Russian-American relations his spe- Just what Bullitt reported to Roosevelt son of California stated, "There are cialty, argues that the world-wide Great (Continued on next page)

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 23 —

CONTINUED When F.D.R. recognized the Soviet Union

WIDE WORLD in Albany has not been released, but it can be safely assumed that Bullitt strengthened F.D.R.'s determination, if elected, to recognize Russia. As candidate for the U.S. Presidency, however, Governor Roosevelt declined to commit himself publicly to any course except that of giving the matter impar- tial consideration. However, Mr. Roose- velt's tremendous victory in the 1932 presidential election was generally inter- preted by people interested in foreign affairs as a prelude to Soviet recognition. The Friends of the Soviet Union working through local committees among trade unions and fraternal so- cieties, the American Women's Com- mittee for the Recognition of Russia, the American-Russian Chamber of Com- merce (formerly anti-Soviet) and the United States Board of Trade—under- took drives to mobilize public opinion in favor of recognition. The "anti" camp was by no means cowed. A special patriotic organization named "Paul Revere" was set up. A popular spring rally, held in Washington on April 18, 1933, to dramatize public opposition, was co-sponsored by the Amer- Sec'y of State Cordell Hull (right) believed recognition would bring Russia out of her isolation. He later had job of protesting when Russia did not live up to her agreements. WIDE WORLD

William Green, president of the A.F.L., was outspoken opponent of recognition of Soviet.

ican Legion, by the American Federation of Labor, by the Daughters of the Amer- ican Revolution and by several fraternal organizations. The principal speakers were Louis A. Johnson, then National Commander of the American Legion, and William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor. To the dismay of the Soviet overlords. Roosevelt made no reference whatever Robert F. Kelley, State Dep't East Europe Affairs Chief, drafted a memo for Presi- to recognition in his inaugural address. dent Roosevelt on all phases of Soviet recognition. He warned that all outstanding But soon after taking office he asked issues should be settled before recognition granted, or they never would be. was his intimate friend and associate, Henry He listed Soviet dissociation from American communists; legal rights of Americans Morgenthau, Jr., to make confidential in Russia; debts; freedom of worship for Americans in Russia. Kelley's warnings, which came true, were based on French and English experiences with the Russians. inquiries into the possibilities of bring- (Continued on page 50)

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 But Martin Roelsgard of Onawa, Iowa, sug- gests one that tops them all—a strip of black licorice rigged on a nightcrawler ROD ^GUN harness. In back of a spinner, it acts like a CLUB small eel. It's tougher than a worm, and lasts longer. He says that walleyes go for

it, too. Some Advice on Rifle Sights WHEN YOU'RE GOING CAMPING, the easiest thing to forget and the hardest thing to find even when you do remember to bring I f you're using the sights with which your MOST OFTEN BROKEN in any firearm it, is an extra mantle for your gasoline lan- I hunting rifle was equipped when you first action is the firing pin, and the usual cause tern. The solution, advises Chuck Nixon of removed it from its factory carton, it's no is dry firing (firing with no cartridge in the Saratoga, Cal., is to tape a small envelope wonder you may not be shooting well, say chamber). To check your firearm's firing pin containing a couple of new mantles to the the experts. The factory rear sight is the indoors before you take it hunting, advises underside of your lantern's base. Then all

open type, so called because it has a V M. Bartalini of Fort Bragg, Cal., place a you have to remember is to replace those notch or U, open at the top. It's practi- drop of candle wax on the primer of an after they've been used. cally useless, except at point-blank ranges, empty fired cartridge, place the cartridge in because it requires your shooting-eye to do the chamber, fire the gun, then examine the YOU CAN'T BAG A DEER on fishline, the impossible—to focus on the V, the front wax. If there's a dent in it, the pin is okay. but it will help. The next time you sight and the distant target, all at the same and your companions are on deer stands, time. In addition, it blocks out the lower ENJOY CLEANING FISH with a new tool run the fishline from stand to stand. Then half of the target. Its elevation adjustment, called Mr. Speed-O. The specially designed when one of you spots a deer running

by means of a serrated ramp, is crude, and gloves help you hold the fish steady, prevent toward his neighbor's stand, he can alert

to adjust it for windage, you must tap it fin sticks, and also serve as a finish cleaner that . hunter with a tug on the line. It's bet- with a hammer. Why does the manufac- after the fish is scaled. The hollow ground ter than shouting a warning which might turer supply such a sight? It's the cheapest. spook every deer within hearing. And it's better than no sight at all. For general shooting at ranges up to 100 WHEN BIRD SHOOTING in dark or rainy

yards, the experts advise you to replace it woods, it's difficult to see the front sight with a peep sight, also called a receiver of your shotgun, or even its muzzle, and sight because it attaches to the rifle's re- most of your shots must be instinctive. But

ceiver. Since you look through its peep- to help your instinctive shooting, advises hole, not at it, your eye needs to concentrate Bruce Armstrong of Arnold, Pennsylvania, only on the front sight and the target. And wrap a strip of white adhesive tape around it instinctively centers itself in the peephole, the gun's muzzle. It will stand out surpris- providing perfect alignment. Also, the field ingly against the dark background and help of vision is unobstructed. For maximum vis- you cover your bird. ibility when hunting, unscrew the eyepiece containing the peephole and sight through TENT ROPES AND STAKES CAN BE

the larger hole from which it was removed; HAZARDOUS. At night, even a flashlight accuracy will not be affected appreciably. is no guarantee you'll notice them and avoid This sight also has precise adjustments for tripping over one of them. But if you have elevation and windage. some old foil Christmas-tree "icicles" Mr. Speed-0 makes fish handling easy. stashed away from last December, An elaborate magnifying telescopic sight # your enables to problem is solved. Just drape a handful mid- you see better, but not always to steel scaler is lightweight and easy to han- way along the ropes and across the stakes. shoot better because its field, or area of dle. Maker claims average time for com- vision, You can't miss their glitter in daylight or in decreases as its magnification in- pletely scaling and cleaning a 2 lb. fish is a flashlight beam, or even in bright moon- creases. In general, therefore, its use is rec- approximately one minute. Price: $2.98 light. And what do you care what the other ommended for long-range shots at station- from R & S Sales Co., P. O. Box 22392, campers think! ary targets. It is unreliable for moving Memphis, Tenn., 38122. targets because of the difficulty in finding LAZY IKE LURE is reported by an- the target in its small field. For stationary FISH OFTEN LURK ALONG A SHORE- NEW targets at ranges less than 1 glers to be snagging big fish when all other 00 yards, choose LINE waiting for insects, frogs, mice, etc., one no stronger lures have failed. It's the Chug Ike, a differ- than 2X (two-power or to drop into the water. When fishing such ent kind of surface plug that chugs, pops twice-magnification). Should you sight an an area, writes K. Dobson of Athens, Ga., and darts during a jerking retrieve. It comes 8X 'scope (four times as strong) at a deer present your lure the same way. Use weed- in spinning and bait-casting sizes and in six at 35 yards, you'd see only a patch of brown less hooks, cast the lure on to the shore or hide in its greatly reduced field. different color patterns. Price: $1.25. An impor- a bush, and hop it off into the water. It tant aspect of a 'scope sight, frequently ig- will fool even the wise old lunkers. nored, is its mounting on the rifle. Use the LIGHTWEIGHT WRAP-AROUND strongest SINKERS to extra to light mounts obtainable to resist recoil TO MAKE YOUR SQUIRREL HUNT- add weight and accidental jarring lures and baits so they can be cast with spin- so the sight will re- ING EASIER THIS FALL, take your dog tain its alignment, and accuracy. ning tackle, are no farther away than your along—any breed. He needs no training ex- Sights are toothpaste tube, claims Robert Rezac of not as important to a shotgun cept to come when called. Keep him on a because this firearm is Owatonna, Minn. Cut the empty tube into pointed rather than leash and when your squirrel scrambles to sighted, but small strips with a scissors. They bend eas- when used for shooting rifled the opposite side of the tree to hide from slugs instead of scattershot, ily. Wrap one or more around the lure itself it should be you, unleash the pup and toss a stick beyond equipped or around the line ahead of the lure. with a rifle-type front sight and the tree for him to chase. When the squirrel receiver sight. a On hand gun, an open sight sees the dog, it will swing back to your side is commonly used because a receiver sight of the tree to hide from him and you'll have If you have a helpful idea for this feature must be held close to the eye, which is ob- an easy shot. send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you viously impossible when a hand gun is held $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- at arm's length. turn, or enter into correspondence concern- Telescopic sights for hand MANY IMPOSSIBLE LURES will catch guns are available ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, in low magnifications, but bass. One enterprising angler, on a bet, The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth make the small firearm too bulky. fooled a lunker with a beer-can opener. Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 25 For two hours every day Girl Scout patrols demonstrated the arts, industry or history of their home locales, which they'd planned since

two weeks in mid-July this some aspect of American life or history Foryear, the Navy's old WW2 boot of their own part of the country. Be- camp at Farragut, Idaho, was tween times they met in serious forums taken over by the fourth Senior Round- and in mass outdoor events and pageants. up of the Girl Scouts of the U.S.A. Each patrol camped with patrols from Some 9,000 girls, aged 15, 16 and 17, other parts of the country, and when and about 3,000 adult Girl Scout leaders it came time for parting there were not camped out on the heights above Lake a few tears shed for leaving new-found Pend Oreille in the Bitterroot Mountains. friends and an experience whose mem- There they showed thousands of visitors ory would last a lifetime. For security, the every day a refreshing view of the Idaho State Police were reinforced with achievements, abilities, character, self- a provisional support group from the sufficiency and dedication to construc- 6th Army, with MPs, WACs, Engineers tive Americanism of young people who and the 94th Evacuation Hospital, as don't often make the headlines. The well as a Coast Guard Patrol of the old Navy barracks are long gone from southern shores of Lake Pend Oreille. Farragut, and what remains are two The Girl Scouts reported that at their water towers, the brig (used for tem- previous Roundup in 1962, The Ameri- porary Girl Scout Administration of- can Legion and The American Legion fices) and the Navy's old cyclone fence. Auxiliary had assisted more girls to get The girls brought their own tents, set to the Roundup than any other organiza- them up, lived and cooked-out in them tion. The tally was not in yet for the and struck them at the Roundup's end. 1965 Roundup on this score. Thanks to On the edge of Lake Pend Oreille, a Girl They played host to visiting girls from 41 adult Girl Scout Leaders from all over Scout patrol sees Red Cross demonstrate other nations. Every day, pa;ro! after the country, the management of a tem- management of a submerged canoe. patrol set up original demonstrations of porary city of 12,000 went off smoothly.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 PHOTOS AND TEXT BY R. B. PITKIN

Over Farragut

January. In foreground, a quilting demonstration. A section of the vast tent city.

The Legion's Nat'l Commander was represented at the Roundup by Leslie McCarthy, Past Dep't Cmdr of Idaho, shown here with his children (Boy Scout Michael and Campfire Girl Kathleen); Mrs. Mc- A ceremony at the Avenue of Flags, representing all the states Carthy, Immediate Past President of the Idaho Legion Auxiliary; of the U.S. and the free nations of the world. State and U.S. and Girl Scout leaders Betty Boardman (D.C.) and Ruth Hardy (N.J.). flags were the gift of The American Legion Auxiliary in 1962. THE END

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 27 A REPORT FROM PORTLAND, OREGON

28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 he American Legion held its 47th National Convention at the convention's close, the "honeymoon" was wrapped up in Portland, Ore., Aug. 20 to 26, 1965. It heard a host in a story in The Oregon Journal by business editor W. J. of distinguished speakers; adopted 141 resolutions; elected Cary. He quoted local business leaders as saying, "I wish L. Eldon James, Hampton, Va., attorney, as National . . Com- they'd stay . . . another week send more of them . hope mander for 1965-66 (p. 38); put on its annual parade they come back soon," and a hotel manager: "We never (p. 32) and its music-and-marching contests (p. 34) before had a nicer bunch of people." Night spots didn't do too well, enormous crowds; postponed admitting "cold war" veterans Cary noted, but businesses catering to the family trade, to Legion membership for a year because of technical prob- downtown shops, quality restaurants, hotels, motels and lems (p. 31); and heard reports on and adopted resolutions bars, and cab companies prospered—and on a specimen concerning three especially acute problems: (a) The Viet- convention day Portland bank clearances were up $11.3 nam struggle; (b) the growing disrespect for law and order million over the same day a year earlier. in the United States, and (c) the cutting back of veterans Major speakers at various convention sessions included facilities in Washington at a time when more and more Secretary of State Dean Rusk; Gen. Maxwell Taylor (just young Americans are being called to arms. With respect to back from serving as U.S. Ambassador in South Vietnam); these, it (a) endorsed U.S. policy in Vietnam and called Sen. Thomas Dodd of Connecticut; George Meany, head of on all Americans to assist the national effort with their the AFL-CIO; Adm. David L. McDonald, Chief of Naval support; (b) passed numerous resolutions seeking to in- Operations; former Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, of crease public respect for orderly processes of law and to South Carolina; Herbert Clark Hoover, Jr.; Richard strengthen the hand of law enforcement officers, and (c) Batchelder, president of the National Education Associa- called halt for a to the closing of veterans facilities and a tion; Gen. Bruce Clark, armored commander at St. Vith in curbing of the powers of the Budget Bureau to effect such the Battle of the Bulge, who represented the Boy Scouts of closings without Congressional approval. Between serious America; Gen. James F. Collins, representing the American business sessions on these and many other matters (see full National Red Cross; Harry M. Kirby, representing the digest of resolutions 41-42-43), the pp. conventioneers en- March of Dimes; Sen. George Murphy, of California (p. joyed the hospitality and beauty of Portland its and country- 37) ; radio-TV executive and former movie star Gene Autry side 40) in a convention that virtually (p. was a "love fest" (p. 36); Los Angeles Police Chief William H. Parker (p. between the host city and its guests. Portland provided partly 37); ABC news commentator Paul Harvey (p. 36); Cowles cloudy, cool weather, with neither heat rain nor —a bargain Publications Washington staffer Clark Mollenhoff (p. 36); for August anywhere. total 1 A of 1 ,000 Legionnaires regis- Cyril Brickfield, Deputy Administrator of the Veterans tered, including 2,917 accredited delegates. These on top of Administration, and John M. Gleason, director, Boys Clubs family members and the American Legion Auxiliary dele- of America. gates, who held their convention concurrently, made it an Secretary of State Rusk expressed the thanks of himself estimated 20,000 visitors for the week. So lavish were they and President Johnson for the Legion's studied support of in their praise the of hospitality of Portland and all of its U.S. policy in Vietnam and its public information work people with whom they came in contact that Portland papers during the year based on on-the-spot visits of outgoing were able to quote them by the column. Meanwhile Port- National Commander Donald E. Johnson and other top land's own reaction could be partly measured by a turnout Legion officials to the Vietnam battle zones. He warned that that packed Multnomah Stadium for the Legion's music- if we fail in Vietnam "dangers now undreamed of would and-marching contest pageantry, and by a locally-estimated come." We are engaged in the "unfinished business of 75,000 to 100,000 who thronged the parade route. Then, peace," he said, and only when we stop aggressions which THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION — CONTINUED

After warning of new "Vietnams" in Latin America, Sen. Thomas J. Herbert Clark Hoover, Jr., accepts Legion's top award Dodd joins the Legion delegates from his home state, Connecticut. for his late father, from Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson.

the communists call "wars of national ship." Nothing he could say in accepting permitted inflation to continue too long. liberation" can "men live as men, not as the medal for his father would be more Admiral McDonald outlined U.S. mili- slaves and victims." He noted that we are apt in 1965, he noted. Gov. Byrnes, a tary operations around the world to the absolutely committed to our present driving spirit in founding both the convention, and said that our servicemen policy in Vietnam, a commitment made League of Nations and the United overseas are often perplexed by a lack under Presidents Eisenhower. Kennedy Nations, and the man who ratified the of homefront understanding, apparent and Johnson, and that "the integrity of interest in, and support of their missions. the commitment of the U.S. is the prin- Senator Dodd turned the spotlight on cipal support of peace throughout the Latin America, and warned the conven- world." Gen. Taylor went into the Viet- tion that Castro-organized plots could nam situation in more detail. Summing give us a host of "Vietnams" all at once up, he said that the present situation is in this hemisphere. A man who does his "up and down, ebb and flow," but with homework, Sen. Dodd gave specific in- 2.4 billion U.S. aid, and the impact of formation on red revolutionary activities our increasing direct military interven- in a host of Latin nations, not excepting tion just being felt by the communists, inflammatory broadcasts from Cuba to the only further weapon we need is to incite extremists in the United States. be "resolute," a direct slap at those at Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor. He closed by saying that the U.S. should

UN charter as U.S. Secretary of State, told the convention that UN helplessness to act against communist aggression in Vietnam now raises the question of whether the UN "is able to contribute

to world peace or whether it will go the way of the League of Nations." He also urged that Congress draft a "war economy plan" for the United States immedi-

ately, so that if needed it could be put AFL-CIO chief George Meany. into effect before inflation and war Adm. David McDonald, CNO. profiteering should run wild. As head of home who are undermining our enor- economic mobilization in WW2 he ob- "export the American Revolution to mous efforts in Vietnam with organized served that lack of a ready-made plan Latin America" because it is the only public expressions of defeatism. true revolution for the people of the American Legion Distinguished Serv- world. ice Medals went to James F. Byrnes (p. The American Legion Auxiliary held 36) and (posthumously) to former its 45th Nat'l Convention in Portland's President Herbert Hoover, accepted by Benson H.S. Auditorium. It named Mrs. his son, Herbert Clark Hoover, Jr. Walter H. Glynn, of Des Moines, Iowa, Hoover quoted a speech made by his Nat'l President (see p. 41). father to the Legion in Boston 35 years When the convention closed, approxi- ago, noting that the "underlying foun- mately 500 of the conventioneers em- dation of our government is respect for barked on a post-convention tour to law," and quoting the Legion Preamble Hawaii and many more stayed in the as "a real preface to American citizen- The Boys Clubs' John Gleason. Northwest a while to see more of it.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • ( 1965 I

THE ADMISSION OF "COLD WAR" VETS TO LEGION MEMBERSHIP. THE idea of admitting "cold war" veterans to The American Legion—either Vietnam veterans or Vietnam vets along with "cold war" vets of earlier date—apparently had enough support at Port- land to command the necessary two-thirds vote to amend the Le-

gion s Constitution. No less than 31 resolutions were submitted to admit servicemen of recent vintage. But, alas, the proponents of the

Foley Alessandroni Minnesota Pennsylvania

The scene as Secretary of State Dean Rusk spelled out Vietnam policy. Inset, Rusk close-up

REPRESENTATIVES OF AMERICAN LEGION YOUTH PROGRAMS

Haller Strong Nebraska Missouri idea hadnt done their homework. Not one of the 31 resolutions was cast in the form of a proposed amendment to the Legions Consti- tution. Since Article XVI requires be cir- Kay, McCoy, Morris, Wilcox, Payne, that a proposed amendment Oratorical Boys' Nation Sons of Legion Boy Scouts Baseball culated at least 20 days prior to the convention—and none was—no representatives of American Player of the Year, selected at The Five action was possible. To prevent a Legion youth programs got warm American Legion World Series, usually repetition such a technical mo- welcomes as they addressed the conven- appears, but the Series, set for Aug. 26- of tion. Representing national Legion Sept. 1, at Aberdeen, S.D., post-dated rass, the convention adopted Res. Youth training and citizenship programs the convention, causing the selection of 571, which ordered the appoint- the program. For a were: James F. Kay, 17, of Fullerton, Payne to represent ment of a special committee to Calif., 1965 winner of the Legion's Na- report on the Legion World Series, see prepare a specific proposed amend- tional High School Oratorical Contest ment to admit "cold war" veterans and its $4,000 college scholarship; it next March, Ronald T. McCoy, 17, of Nogales, Ariz., and to circulate by President of the 1965 American Legion for consideration at the 1966 Nat' Boys' Nation; Thomas A. Morris, 17, of Convention. Shown here are four Louisville, Ky., representing the Sons of of numerous delegates who favored The American Legion; Tomas G. Wil- admitting "cold war" vets, but cox, 16, of Glen Ellyn, 111., an Eagle have to wait a Scout from an American Legion spon- conceded they'd sored troop, representing the Legion's Bob Feller year. None spoke against accepting supporting role in the Boy Scouts of page 44. Bob Feller, former Cleveland "cold war" vets. America; and Herbert E. Payne, 18, of Indians pitching ace, who played Legion Gold Beach, Ore., for the Legion's Base- ball as a boy, accompanied the youths in (More Convention news next page) ball program. The Legion's Baseball all their convention appearances. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 31 HE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION — CONTINUED

THE PARADE

he legion's 47th Nat'l Convention Parade entertained thousands of

spectators along its 1 Va -mile route from 10 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. on Monday Aug. 23. The marchers passed through the Portland Memorial Coliseum, crossed the Willamette River, and went south on Broadway to the reviewing stand at the Hilton Hotel where Nat'l Cmdr Donald E. Johnson took each unit's salute. For

the first time in three years it did not rain on the Legion's parade. Tempera- tures ranged from 70 to 75 degrees over the 4'/2 hours the parade lasted and military jets had only a few wispy clouds above them as they flashed over the parade route. Past Nat'l Cmdr Daniel F. Foley was Honorary Grand Marshal and led 10,000 marchers. Following him for the first hour was some of the armed might of the U.S. Armed Forces. The foreign and outlying departments of the Legion were next. Then came the regular Legion departments, led by South Carolina with its top membership record, followed by Legionnaires, floats, musical units, costumed marchers, unusual and antique vehicles, and lastly, host department. Oregon. {Convention news cont'd)

Compressed view of the Legion's 1965 Nat'l Convention Parade and the Portland

The City of Hampton, Va., home of new Nat'l East Oregon Indians presented by George St. Commander Eldon James, entered this float. Dennis Legion Post of Mission, Oregon.

32 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 right. throngs who watched it. Marchers in foreground are just passing the reviewing stand, out of photo on

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 33 THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION - CONTINUED

Senior Color Guard of Chicago's Post 118. Lake Band of Milwaukee, Junior Champs. Quartet—Sioux Falls Post 15, S.D.

Post 5, Joliet, III., Senior Band Champs. Chorus—Sioux Falls' Singing Legionnaires. Huge throng watched contests.

U PSETS, THE RETURN of titles to saw the Grey Knight Post Crusaders, Post former champs, and spectacular 952, Rochester, N.Y., take the Senior MUSIC & MARCHING fireworks marked the pageantry Drum & Bugle Corps title from the events at Portland's Multnomah Sta- Caballeros of Post 199, Hawthorne, N.J., dium during The American Legion's by a margin of only .08 point. In the CHAMPIONS-1965 Parade of Champions, Sunday night, Junior Drum & Bugle division, the Royal- Aug. 22, before a crowd of over Airs, Post 96, Cicero, 111., only a few hours 15.000. The most surprising upset off the bus after a 72-hour trip, dethroned

Parade of Champions at Portland's Multnomah Stadium. At center, the new Sr. Drum & Bugle Corps Champs, the Grey Knight Post Crusaders, 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 OTHER MEETINGS

The Legion has within it numerous sub-groups, independently organized for business or purely social reasons, many of which regularly hold their annual meetings at the Legion's big national convention. Among those meeting at Portland were: The Royal-Airs, Post 96, Cicero, III., Nat'l Junior Drum & Bugle Champs. The American Legion Press Associa- tion, which elected Roy P. Whitton, Ind., as president and renamed Jack R. C. Cann as secretary-treasurer for the 24th consecutive year. The association con- sists largely of editors of Legion state and post publications and public relations workers. The National Association of Depart- ment Historians of The American Legion, which named Hugh P. Haugh- erty, Okla., as president and Carl Harrison, La., secretary-treasurer. The Society of American Legion Jr. Color Guard—Hawthorne, N.J Firing Squad—Little Bills, Chicago, Founders, which named Paul R. Bald- win, Mich., president; Orville Taylor, again Har- the Garfield Cadets, Post 255, Garfield, 199, Hawthorne, N.J. Once 111., president-elect, and renamed Joseph N.J., to mark the first time since 1947 that wood Post Memorial Band, Post 5, Joliet, the junior title went to other than a New 111., won the Senior Band contest. The Jersey group. The Little Bills, Common- Lake Band, Post 180, Milwaukee, Wis., wealth Edison Post 118, Chicago, 111., took over the Junior Band title. Post 15, rewon the Senior Color Guard and Firing Sioux Falls, S.D., took both the Chorus Squad championships. The Junior Color and Quartet titles with its Singing Legion- Guard title went to the Muchachos of Post naires and Sioux Falls Male Quartet.

ANAVICUS luncheon

A. Bernard, Mo., secretary-treasurer. ANAVICUS, an honorary international society of Canadian and American veterans, inducted eight new American members, all with long service in the Legion—including outgoing Nat'l Com- mander Donald E. Johnson, of Iowa. ("ANAVICUS" unrolls into Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans in Canada and the U.S.). Selective Service pressures in Washington kept U.S. draft director Gen. Louis B. Hershey from emceeing the ANAVICUS meetings as he usually does. Other special groups meeting included FODPAL, an association of foreign and outlying departments and posts of The American Legion; The 20&4, a social organization of women Legionnaires; the World War Nurses association; the Eight & Forty, a special society of American Legion Auxiliary members; and an informal group of members and sponsors of Squadrons of the Sons of The American Legion.

(More Convention news next page)

Rochester, N.Y. (swords). Left of them, Lake Band, Milwaukee, Wis., Jr. Band Champs. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 35 .

THE of an earlier day, and LEGION'S NATIONAL C O N V E N T I O N — C O N T I N U E D Loyd Sigmon, exec. vp. of Golden West. Another was awarded to Clark Mollenhoff, Washing- AWARDS ton correspondent of Cowles Publica- tions, cited as a "courageous . . . no- American Legion awarded The two nonsense digger for facts." The third of its Distinguished Service Medals was given to ABC commentator Paul at the Portland Convention. One went Harvey for reportage "in the American posthumously to former President tradition." The Nat'l Commander's Herbert Hoover, accepted by his son Public Relations Award for 1965 went Herbert Clark Hoover, Jr. (photo p. 30) to the Pennsylvania American Legion, The other went to former Secretary of accepted by Immediate Past Commander State James F. Byrnes, of South Caro- Monroe Bethman. The Hearst Ameri- lina, who received it in person (right). canism Trophy was given to the New The Legion awarded three "Fourth York American Legion. Past N.Y. Com- in Estate" awards for excellence Ameri- mander Dr. Michael J. Crino, accepted it can reporting. One went to Golden West from David E. Sentner, representing the Broadcasters for its "Heritage" broad- Hearst news services. A special plaque casts, and was accepted by board chair- went to Col. Roscoe Turner of Indiana, man Gene Autry, western film favorite James F. Byrnes gets Legion DSM. U.S. aviation pioneer, in appreciation of his long services to the Legion. Outgoing Nat'l Commander Don Johnson received numerous gifts, including silverware and a home flagpole, from the Department Commanders who served with him this year.

Pennsylvania Commander Bethman and Adjt. Edward Hoak accept Nat'l Com- Mollenhoff Gene Autry and Mrs. Autry. mander's Public Relations Award.

SEAGRAM POSTS GIVE AWAY FORDS-

Nat'l Adjutant E. A. Blackmore draws first of four winning numbers for Fords donated by Seagram Posts. From the Seagram's float shown above were drawn the Los Angeles. Winners were: Stella Lelonek, Post 799, Buffalo, coupons sent in by Legionnaires and Auxiliares to the N.Y.; Maynard Bjerk, Post 14, Bemidji, Minn.; Robert C.

1 9th Annual Drawing for the four Ford convertibles donated Hahn, Post 29, Miami, Fla.; and Joseph Kalina, Post 20, by Seagram Posts 807 Chicago, 1283 New York, and 658 Fremont, Neb. Winners' posts each got $250 prizes.

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 SPECIAL EVENTS THE BREAKDOWN OF LAW AND ORDER from destructive riots in "JL. Fresh his home city, Los Angeles Police Chief William H. Parker appeared at a pre-convention meeting of the Legion's National Security Commission, where he gave a detailed report on the growing breakdown of respect for law and order in the United States, as well as abroad. Parker quoted numerous noted attorneys, judges and legislators outlining the growth of crime and disrespect for law; citing overprotection of the criminal by the courts, hamstring- ing of enforcement officers, and the encouragement of illegal acts by people in positions of leadership under the slogans of "civil disobedience," and "non- violence." Parker noted that our form of government depends upon Commander Valerio Del Nero, Italian Navy, briefs Legion groups on NATO strategy. basic respect for law, and that the permanency of our "government excellent briefing on NATO ivas given by officers of nine NATO AN under a rule of law" is now in countries at a special joint meeting of the Legion s Commissions on question, less than 200 years after National Security, Foreign Relations and Americanism. Speaking ex- the adoption of our Constitution. cellent English, and taking turns in advancing a clear outline of the He suggested that the American Legion increase its active role as a North Atlantic Treaty Organization's reason for being, problems, strat- champion of law and order. egy and tactics, were officers of U.S., Canadian, French, British, Nor- wegian, Netherlands, Portuguese, Danish and Italian armed forces.

-THE NATIONAL COMMANDER'S DINNER TO DISTINGUISHED GUESTS-

op social event of the 47th Annual Legion Con- gion; representatives of the government and military; vention ivas the National Commander s Dinner to and a long list of distinguished guests who had also Distinguished Guests held in the Grand Ballroom of appeared or spoken at some time during the conven- Portland's Hilton Hotel, Tues., Aug. 24. Featured tion sessions. The banquet-goers heard Sen. Murphy, speaker ivas the Honorable George Murphy, U.S. long an outspoken advocate of Americanism, plead Senator from California, newly elected in Nov. 1964. for the preservation of our nation from both external The Senator, a former Hollywood film star, is a mem- and internal forces. He urged resoluteness against ber of the Committee on Labor and Welfare and the outside attacks and a return to national law and order. Committee on Public Works in the Senate. The throng Entertainment was provided by Jack Warner, Presi- of over 1,200 included Legion dignitaries from the dent of Warner Brothers Studios, and a longtime U.S. and foreign departments of The American Le- American Legionnaire. (Continued on next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 37 THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION — CONTINUED Tn its last order of business the Portland Convention elected national officers for 1965-66. L. Eldon James, 52, WW2 Navy vet and an attorney of Hampton, Va., was unanimously named National Commander. James is a Past Commander of the Virginia American Legion, a member of Hampton Roads

Post 3 1 . He has served on many national

and local committees of the Legion and 1 for eight years has been Virginia's member of the Legion's National Executive Committee. A member of the law firm of m James, Richardson and James, he was

placed in nomination by his uncle and \ law partner, Ralph James, a Past Com- Ralph James nominated his nephew, Eldon James, for Nat'l mander of the Virginia American Le- Commander. gion, who first signed his nephew up in Choppin, a member of the Louisiana Hampton Roads Post in 1946. No other State University faculty, Baton Rouge, candidate was nominated. La.; William J. Rogers, Auburn, Me., Rev. Alfred C. Thompson, Methodist businessman; William E. Galbraith, clergyman of Brooklyn, N.Y., was Beemer, Nebr., farmer and cattleman; named National Chaplain, while the fol- Soleng Tom, Tucson, Ariz., businessman lowing five National Vice-Commanders and civic leader; and Robert O. Phillips, were voted in in a landslide: Dr. A. R. Manila, P.I., business executive.

NATIONAL ELECTIVE OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION, 1965-1966

Phillips (v.c.) Choppin (v.c.) Tom (v.c) Rev. Thompson (chaplain) Rogers (v.c.) James (cdr.) Galbraith (v.c.) Delegates acclaim Eldon James (center) as Nat'l Commander immediately following his election. With him his wife, Aurelia, and children.

Members of the family of National Commander L. Eldon James. Front row: sister-in-law Mrs. Joseph Noyes James; the Nat'l Commander's wife, Mrs. L. Eldon James (formerly Aurelia Quinby Mitchell of Morristown, N.J.); son Eldon (Donnie) James; daughter Sally James; daughter Mrs. John (Nancy) Buhl; daughter Mrs. Charles (Quinby) Amory. Standing: brother Joseph Noyes James; son-in-law John Buhl; uncle Ralph James, and son-in-law Charles Amory. demonstration by his supporters on the floor of the Memorial Coliseum. (More Convention news next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 39 THE LEGION'S NATIONAL C O N V EN T I O N — C O N Tl N U E D

advantage of by many, while Portland had more interesting quality restaurants, OFF HOURS many with unique atmospheres, than egionnaires had more to do and see Legion gourmets could take in in a week. than time allowed in Oregon. Trips Meanwhile there were many hosts for up the Columbia to the Bonneville Dam, large parties and dinners including the and down the river fishing for salmon at Louisiana Party, the Puerto Rico Party, the Columbia's mouth, tours up the the Schenley Party, the Legion Aux- slopes of Mt. Hood, visits to Portland's iliary's annual States Dinner, etc. No beautiful parks and shrines were taken less than eight of America's top brewers jointly hosted an open house social in the Hilton. They included such nationally known firms as Miller, Anheuser- Busch, Pabst and Schlitz.

Two Minnesota Legionnaires went salmon fishing off Oregon coast. Ed Erickson (hat) caught one. Friend Larry Carlson helps him hold it.

A party hosted by Gen. Frank Schwengel and Edward McGinnis in the Pavilion Visiting Legionnaires at Mt. Hood's Timber- Room and on the Terrace of the Portland Dancing at the Louisiana Party held in line Lodge, 63 miles from downtown Portland. Hilton Hotel on Broadway. Portland Police Athletic League rooms.

$ Inc. 1 !»»* J? 1 ^^Mh r I

A view of the reception and party hosted in the Benson Hotel by Schenley Industries. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 AMERICANISM

11. Commends the FBI and J. Edgar Hoover. 29. Approves flying of pennant inscribed "One Nation Under God" beneath our flag. 38. Condemns the W.E.B. DuBois clubs as opposing best interests of the U.S. 60. Condemns attempts to change by riots and lawless demonstrations our national, domestic and foreign policies. 64. Urges preparations for celebration of the 200th anniversary of signing of Declaration of Independence in 1976. 65. Urges that all school children recite the Pledge of Allegiance and salute flag each day. 74. Supports certain provisions of the Immigra- tion and Nationality Act and asks for a review of all factors bearing on U.S. immigration and nationality. 109. Reguests review of communism in motion picture industry by appropriate legislative The convention Memorial Service, Sunday, Aug. 22, conducted in the Portland bodies. Hilton Hotel ballroom by outgoing Nat'l Chaplain Rev. Fr. Morris N. Dummet. 112. Urges nation's press to promote "Fly Your Flag" theme on Flag Day. 129. Opposes unlawful assemblies and attempts to gain objectives by riot, violent demonstrations, etc., and affirms that those who govern us in cities and agencies be held accountable to authority derived from the people. 146. Opposes Federal registration or control of firearms; and recommends that those desiring to purchase a concealable firearm obtain permit from local law enforcement officer. 149. Opposes police review boards. 150. Seeks change in War Orphan education benefits. 188. Urges recognition by students of possible dangers connected with association with Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committees. 189. Commends FBI for Civil Rights investigations. AMERICAN LEGION AUXILIARY OFFICERS FOR 1965-66 199. Condemns "Teach-ins" and "Free Speech Movements" and urges school administrators to take appropriate action with teachers and Elected president of The American Legion Auxiliary was Mrs. Walter H. students. 217. Opposes deletion of words, "Under God" Glynn (center), Des Moines, la. Officers shown here are: (1. to rt.) Mrs. Henry from Pledge of Allegiance and "In God We Trust" . G. Hayden, Sedgwick, Kans., Central Div. vp; Mrs. Charles J. Lee, Madisonville, from currency, and authorizes Legion's Nat'l Judge Advocate to intervene as a friend of the Tenn., Southern Div. vp; Mrs. Merrill K. Smith, Elmore, Minn., Northwestern Div. court where it will help accomplish these ob- vp; Mrs. Glynn; Mrs. Ray S. Wilson, Philadelphia, Pa., Eastern Div. vp; Mrs. August jectives. 221. Congratulates Americanism Commission on W. Flory, Merced, Calif., Western Div. vp; Mrs. A. P. Genta, Alamogordo, N.M., its publication, "The Firing Line," and urges its continuance. Nat'l Chaplain; and Mrs. Walter L. Waite, Portland, Ore., Nat'l Historian. 222. Commends those citizens who combat communism by undertaking dangerous missions of infiltration. 225. Approves existing loyalty oaths for student Tenn., to liberalize the insurance (ex- Federal loan program. 270. Urges that school administrators care- tending the age limit to 75) and amplify- fully consider backgrounds of speakers invited SUMMARY OF to address students, that students be informed ing provisions for handling the insurance of them. trust fund. (Further details will be re- 341. Urges public support of House Committee on Un-American Activities and Senate Internal Security Sub-Committee. RESOLUTIONS 461. Urges legislation denying communists right to hold office in labor unions, etc. 572. Requests authorities enforce laws against Portland Convention dealt with persons who attempt to block troop trains. The 586. Urges use of words, "The American Legion" 594 resolutions (down 50 from last in titles of Boys State programs. year). A total of 141 resolutions were CHILD WELFARE adopted (down 34 from last year). They 226. Urges change in present policy of treating dealt with matters contained in 381 of narcotics addiction. 227. Urges end to dissemination of obscene and the proposed resolutions, many of which, pornographic literature to our youth. being similar, were consolidated. Re- 258. Urges continued efforts to secure legisla- Sutton, Nebr., Auxiliary Trio champs. tion to protect physically abused children. jected were 137 resolutions, while 86 569. Urges Posts to support programs informing the public of preventative aspects were referred to standing com- of deafness. more ported here when this authorization is 570. Urges Departments to secure legislation missions for further study. To put the translated into official action.) providing needed services to sufferers of cystic fibrosis. mass of resolutions in order for the dele- Here is a brief digest of the essential gates, with expert recommendations on sense of every resolution adopted by the CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS them, 747 Legionnaires worked ahead 571. Authorizes a Special Committee to be re- National Convention: quired to prepare a proper resolution to extend of time in ten convention committees. In the end, one resolution was amended after floor debate (see "Brief Tempest" p. 43), another was amended after an undebated suggestion from the floor, and one committee recommendation for rejection was reversed (Res. 126, under "Rehabilitation," p. 43.) The convention was in business session three days in Portland's Memorial Coliseum (Aug. 24-25-26) to handle official business. In a separate action the National Executive Committee adopted a report of a special committee on American Legion Life Insurance, headed by William Todd, Rehabilitation Committee meets to recommend action on 129 resolutions. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 41 THE LEGION'S NATIONAL CONVENTION — CONTINUED its admission into the U.N. 556. Supports U.S. construction and control of a sea-level canal across the Central American eligibility requirements for membership in The 122. Condemns the murder of Sgt. Harold G. Ben- isthmus. American Legion, to be submitted to the 1966 nett by the Viet Cong. National Convention. 155. Urges intensified U.S. efforts to gain release INTERNAL AFFAIRS of any American imprisoned by communist governments. 15. Urges appropriate stamp honoring General ECONOMIC MacArthur at earliest date possible. 235. Calls upon the U.S. Government to rid Cuba 3. Petitions Congress to amend Title XV of the 36. Dep't of of its communist government. Commends New Hampshire for its Social Security Act to afford separated Federal support of the 237. Urges all U.S. relations with the communists Bell Tower Memorial. employees appeal rights. be firm and meaningful, without appeasing con- 95. Requests revision of Legion membership cards 4. Supports President's Committee, and state and for use in automatic data processing. local Committees on employment of the handi- 138. Urges adequate financial aid to insure re- capped. spect for our National Cemeteries. 22. Commends Economic and Legislative Com- 229. Calls for plans to commemorate 50th anni- missions for their efforts in maintaining adequate versaries of U.S. entry into WW1 and founding funds for the Veterans Employment Service. of American Legion. 37. Supports better Federal and State Veterans Employment Services. 324. Requests American Legion publications il- luminate its stand on various issues. 66. Calls on National Legislative officers and 409. Requests issuance of postage in Congressional representatives to oppose and de- stamp 1969 marking 50th year of feat any attack upon Veterans Preference Act. The American Legion. 76. Opposes any legislation harmfully affecting 501. Urges Congress reaffirm its policy of pro- the Veterans Preference Act. viding veterans' burial sites in national cemeteries. 99. Reiterates past endorsement of the Reemploy- 546. ment Rights Program and urges Congress to Requests recognition of members having 50 strengthen the program. years of continuous membership by 1969. 205. Continues support of the national program Generals Bruce Clark and James 573. Alerts present and future Legion leaders to of employment for older workers. Extension Institute; directs Membership and Post Collins. Clark, armored com- Activities to 232. Supports legislation empowering VA to as- expand its programs of leadership training. sist GI mortgage homeowners in correcting mander at St. Vith in the Battle structural defects in their homes. of the Bulge, represented the Boy 436. Urges Federal and State Employment Serv- Scouts of America, while Gen. ices continue preference to qualified veterans in training and retraining opportunities. Collins spoke as President of the 484. Urges sufficient time for local veterans' Em- American National Red Cross. ployment Representatives to carry out their duties in rendering services to veterans. cessions. 489. Urges adequate funds for required extension 238. Urges the Senate to reject the proposed of specialized services to older workers. Consular Treaty with the U.S.S.R. 576. Urges amendment of UMT to protect reem- 239. Urges enforcement of U.N. article concern- ployment rights of men who serve beyond their ing self-determination of the world's peoples. regular military enlistment period. 327. Urges enforcement of the Monroe Doctrine.

Legionnaire Robert Hazen, Port- land banker and president of the corporation that planned the convention, welcomes his comrades.

574. Urges every Post to institute a new member campaign. 575. Calls attention to local Legion leaders of the need for new Posts in areas not being adequately serviced by existing Posts.

The Nat'l Executive Committee met following the convention. Its actions included ap- LEGISLATIVE proval of reappointment of Nat'l Adjt E. A. Blackmore, Nat'l Judge Advocate Bertram 241. Favors amendment of the Rules of the Senate G. Davis, Nat'l Treasurer Francis Polen, and Nat'l Historian Harold A. Shindler. to provide for a standing Veterans' Affairs Com- mittee. 577. Supports legislation allowing WW2 and 328. Opposes involvement in any non-communist NATIONAL SECURITY Korean veterans FHA insured veteran home country with communist representation in its loans. government. 53. Calls for creation of a ribbon-bar for presen- 578. Opposes transfer of GI Home Loan Program 377. Supports U.S. efforts to repel world com- tation as a scholastic award to R.O.T.C. recipients. from Veterans Administration. munism. 128. Commends retiring U.S. Air Force Gen. 414. Opposes providing the U.N. with revenue Curtis E. LeMay. FINANCE sources independent of its members. 142. Urges continuance of the Legion's Special 430. Deplores action of U.S. in not insisting upon Subcommittee on Uniform Code of Military Justice Unnumbered. Fixes Nat'l Legion dues at $2 for strict application of U.N.'s Article 19 (arrearage and Court of Military Appeals. 1966 (same as last year). of dues) and urges that it do so. 212. Urges that training and operational control 431. Urges that State Department's Security Office of U.S. Armed Forces be left entirely in hands FOREIGN RELATIONS be given increased stature and powers. of professional military chiefs and commanders 55. Supports U.S. policy in Vietnam and urges 432. Opposes relaxation of barriers in trade with rather than under civilian control. strengthened military measures. communist nations, unless certain provisions are 261. Opposes civil disobedience and the estab- 56. Supports U.S. action in Dominican Republic met. lishment of civilian police review boards. Sup- and urges unilateral action if OAS fails. 447. Opposes foreign aid to any communist, com- ports law enforcement authority and the main- 62. Deplores General DeGaulle's attitudes and munist-dominated or communist-affiliated country. tenance of law and order. actions toward NATO and other mutual assist- 529. Opposes "general and complete disarma- 265. Seeks legislation increasing retirement pay ance pacts. ment" by the United States. of career veterans of U.S. Armed Forces. 121. Deplores the State Dep't's treatment of Mr. 530. Reaffirms continued support of the Connolly 289. Urges U.S. military superiority over the Otto F. Otepka, Chief, Evaluations Dept., State Reservation. U.S.S.R. rather than equal forces. Department Security. 550. Opposes U.S. recognition of Red China and 297. Continues support of R.O.T.C. program.

AT right are those who • acted as chairmen in reporting to the delegates the recommendations of the ten Convention Committees on all resolutions.

AMERICANISM CHILD WELFARE CONSTITUTIONAL ECONOMIC Daniel O'Connor Morris Nooner AMENDMENTS John Flynn New York Illinois Francis Giordano California New York 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 first floor debate came when the BRIEF TEMPEST The Nat'l Security Committee urged passage of Res. 299 urging "total military victory" in Vietnam ivith "unlimited weapons and unrestricted targets." Werner Dinteman. of Oregon, objected that the last phrase could be taken to mean use of nuclear weapons by field commanders. He was quickly supported by Jean Hynson, of South Carolina. Arguments and altern- atives came from the floor in profusion and confusion. Then William Doyle (N.J.), Nat'l Security Chairman, accepted "total military victory" as sufficient and so did everyone else, and Res. Dinteman 299 was adopted with "unlimited iveapons, etc." stricken. Hynson

298. Opposes military service exemption for mem- open WW2 and Korea vets life insurance for 12 bers of the Peace Corps and Volunteers in Service months. to America. 46. Supports legislation increasing VA burial 299. Calls for total military victory in the war allowance to $350. in South Vietnam. 50. Seeks service-connection of functional psy- 313. Demands investigation of reported insuffi- chosis on a presumptive basis within three years ciency of U.S. conventional weapons and calls after military discharge. for remedies of any deficiencies. 100. Asks Congress to restore closed VA domicil- 355. Commends and supports U.S. military aero- iary facilities and to make more available. space program. 101. Petitions Congress to curb power of the 358. Urges U.S. development and deployment of Bureau of the Budget over the VA. an effective advanced anti-missile weapon sys- 125. Supports legislation providing a benefits tem. program for "cold-war" veterans. 359. Calls for a dental care program for depend- 126. Seeks to rescind order barring giving free ents of military personnel similar to the present cigarettes to VA hospital patients. medical care program. 131. Opposes hospitalization of non-veterans in 361. Urges more adequate housing for military VA hospitals. personnel and families. Portland Mayor Terry D. Schrunk gets 158. Supports legislation to increase size of vet- 362. Supports continued operation of commissary keys to Birmingham, Ala., from Donna erans' burial flags to 5x91/2 feet. stores and post exchanges for military personnel. Parker, Miss American Legion of Alabama, 159. Seeks legislation to correct existing deficien- 368. Calls for increased Legion post and com- cies and inadequacies in veterans pension pro- munity cooperation in the Nationwide Fallout in presence of Alabama Nat'l Executive gram. Shelter System program. Committeeman Hugh Overton. 293. Opposes closing of VA regional offices and 381. Urges the continuance of a balanced mix of insists that each office retain jurisdiction of strategic folders. manned and unmanned weapons sys- 522. Calls for recognition of September 18, 1965, claims tems to assure U.S. military superiority. as U.S. Air Force Day. 295. Continues support of legislation to increase 382. Commends U.S. astronauts Lt. Cols. James 555. Supports S. 173, 89th Congress, to allow en- rates of disability compensation. A. McDivitt and Edward H. White II, for space listed men to count for retirement purposes non- 331. Compliments Legion and Auxiliary members achievements. active duty reserve time. for their cooperation in the campaign opposing 580. Calls for any means necessary to assure con- closing of VA facilities. tinued U.S. supremacy on the high seas. 419. Supports legislation improving dependency 581. Seeks to maintain the U.S. Marine Corps at and indemnity compensation program for de- full authorized strength. pendent parents. 582. Urges the highest national defense priority 420. Endorses Congressional bills to prohibit be given to U.S. Navy Anti-Submarine Warfare closing of VA facilities without consent of Con- forces for protection of continental U.S. gress. 467. Opposes legislation 583. Calls for authorization and construction of reducing VA burial al- the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier CVA-68. lowance when the deceased veteran is buried in a national 584. Supports the U.S. Navy Oceanography cemetery. Program. 477. Urges salary increases for certain VA personnel. 585. Urges all action necessary to obtain and maintain a strong U.S. Merchant Marine. 478. Urges legislation to provide children of veterans died in service 587. Recommends that realignment of Reserve who the same benefits as children of retired military personnel. components in the U.S. Army be deferred and 516. Seeks relief for veterans suffer loss of that needs of state governments to use military who compensation the receipt of Brickfield Todd units in local emergencies be considered when VA by military disability severance pay (in hardship cases). Cyril Brickfield spoke as Deputy preparing future realignment plans. 588. Urges Congress to restore funds deleted from Director of the VA, while William the Civil Defense budget. Todd (Tenn.) headed Legion com- 589. Pledges Legion support to federal, state, and mittee whose plan to liberalize local governments in emergency preparedness plans and activities. American Legion Life Insurance 590. Authorizes ihe national commander to estab- was approved by Exec. Committee. lish a committee to study the material and logistic requirements of the armed forces. 397. Reaffirms Legion position that there be no 591. Opposes purchase of U.S. vessels con- reduction of U.S. armed strength and no closing structed in foreign lands. of essential worldwide defense bases. 592. Calls upon the U.S. government to ac- 517. Requests Department of Defense to convey celerate development of supersonic transport air- messages of death of military personnel by mem- craft. bers of U.S. Armed Forces rather than commercial telegram or telephone means. 518. Calls for U.S. and western allies to assume REHABILITATION the offensive in the Cold War. 19. Opposes closing of VA hospitals, domiciliary 519. Urges rapid U.S. development and launch- homes and regional offices. As convention ends, outgoing Nat'l ing of a Manned Orbiting Laboratory in space. 27. Supports legislation allowing nonservice-con- Commander Donald E. Johnson, Iowa, 520. Urges production and deployment of an ad- nected disabled veterans in Alaska and Hawaii vanced manned interceptor aircraft on a priority to be hospitalized in VA contract hospitals. (podium) receives his permanent col- basis. 32. Continues support of legislation to fully re- ors, presented by James Powers, Ga.

FINANCE FOREIGN INTERNAL AFFAIRS LEGISLATION NATIONAL REHABILITATION Churchill Williams RELATIONS Herb Jacobi Clarence Horton SECURITY Robert McCurdy Iowa Thomas Whelan Dist. Col. Alabama William Doyle California N. Dakota New Jersey THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 43 NORTH CAROLINA YOUTHS WIN LEGION FOUR YEARS OF THE BERLIN WALL NATIONAL BASEBALL CHAMPIONSHIP (Continued from page 11) The baseball team sponsored by public," whereupon his wife divorced a tearful reunion in East Berlin when Hornet's Nest American Legion Post him. the doorbell rang. In burst 36-year-old 9, Charlotte, N.C., won the 1965 Ameri- Construction engineer Peter Selle Horst Streit, an East German con man, can Legion World Series at Aberdeen, swam across the Elbe River to West who flashed a dime-store detective badge S.D., Aug. 31 -Sept. 6, as the tournament Germany in July 1963, then began plot- and announced he was a "People's Po- returned to the state where the Legion's ting to smuggle out his wife Barbara, liceman" checking travel documents. youth baseball program got its start 40 who had been unwilling to dare the He demanded Mahrholdt hand over his years ago. river with him. In 17-year-old Dorothea papers for further scrutiny at headquar- Charlotte, Region 3 champs, beat run- Voss, Peter found a girl who looked like ters. The Germans learned long ago ner-up Omaha Post 1 by 2-1 in the 15th Barbara. He courted Dorothea, invited never to give a cop a bad time, and and final game of the two-losses-and-out her to spend the weekend with him in Mahrholdt gave up his papers without a series on Sept. 6 in a light rain. Berlin. He suggested they visit East Ber- fuss. Streit went straight to the border Earlier that day, Omaha, Region 6 lin, and once there, abandoned her in crossing point, displayed Mahrholdt's

champs, had wiped out Memphis Post 1 a cafe after getting her papers by a papers as if they were his own, and was in the 14th game while Charlotte, which trick. waved on into West Berlin. suffered its only series loss to Memphis, Peter gave Dorothea's papers to Bar- drew a bye. bara, led her through the communist Mahrholdt and his friend, Juergen Runner-up in the 1964 Legion World checkpoint to West Berlin, and the two Rehbein, grew worried when it be- Series at Little Rock, Ark., Charlotte still flew to West Germany. Dorothea was came time to return to West Berlin and had roughly half of last year's players held for six weeks by the communists, Streit hadn't come back with the papers. on this year's team. Lewis Bacot, Jr., who never take any story on face value, They finally went to the nearest police was manager of the Charlotte club, and particularly if one's identity papers are station to ask for them. The "People's Jack Lemonds was coach. missing. Her father brought charges Police" jailed them both, on suspicion The American Legion Baseball Player against Selle, who admitted them, but they were plotting against the communist of the Year for 1965 is Kenneth J. Fila, said he'd thought even the communists regime. When the two didn't return to 18, of Omaha Post 1. The 170-lb. 6-ft. would release an obviously innocent per- West Berlin that night, relatives asked lefty pitched 21 scoreless innings in the son after two or three days. He was the police there for help, and they turned series. The San Francisco Giants have sentenced to a year in jail for deprivation up Streit, who was discovered to have a drafted him. He was a high school base- of personal freedom. previous jail record. Streit claimed he ball and basketball star, has a good scho- In January 1965, 14-year-old Joachim was a minor Cold War hero who had at lastic record, and plans to go to college Rojahn slipped through a section of the great personal risk been adjusting tele- if not into pro ball. barbed wire into West Berlin. He told vision antennae in East Germany to pick The James F. Daniel Sportsmanship refugee reception center officials that his up West German stations, and that he Mahrholdt's papers Award went to William K. Oakley, 18, mother, father and three sisters were only "borrowed" because he the the centerfielder from Memphis Post 1. going to- try to reach West Berlin a few was on run from com- cops. Like Selle, he said he too The 1965 American Legion Batting days later. But when they hadn't turned munist thought an obvious victim of a Championship was won by Roland Gou- up by the end of March, the lad became had sharper's trick would be released after a let, Jr., 18, from Ryan-Scammon Post dejected. One night he disappeared. Two day or two. 36, Berlin, N.H., who compiled a .542 days later, his parents managed to reach batting average with 13 hits in 24-at- West Berlin, after crawling through a But Mahrholdt and Rehbein were held often for bats over 30 appearances in regional and field of barbed wire in a wooded area. for 49 days, cross-examined, series play. He got the Hillerich & Inquiries indicated Joachim had by now a day and night without interruption, by Bradsby Louisville Slugger Trophy. returned to East Berlin and had been communists who insisted they must have the security the The series, hosted by Sidney L. Smith seen at an immigration center there, pre- been plotting against of Republic." Even- Post 24 of Aberdeen, drew 15,549 fans sumably trying to rejoin his parents "German Democratic for the 15 games. Attendance was held tually they were released, but only after whom he imagined still there. A week to down by cold weather Sept. 3-4, and later, the rest of the family also returned a West Berlin court, which refused light rain Sept. 6. to East Berlin, and certain imprisonment, extradite Streit to East Berlin, ordered for three years for The eight regional championship leaving behind a letter saying Frau him imprisoned em- another teams and their order of finish in Legion Rojahn could not stand the thought of ploying an illegal ruse to deprive World Series play: being separated from her son. of his freedom. The holiday passes agreement signed 1. Region 3—Hornet's Nest Post 9, communists steadfastly refuse to in December 1963 was renewed the Charlotte, N.C. (W 4—L 1). The permit any East Berlin or East Ger- following year, but this summer the com- 2. Region 6—Omaha Post 1, Omaha, man resident to visit West Berlin. But in munists tried to raise the ante. The West Neb. (W 4—L 2). December 1963, they did agree to let Berlin city administration and the allies 3. Region 4—Memphis Post 1, Mem- West Berliners visit East Berlin for a few have hitherto treated it as a technical phis, Tenn. (W 3—L 2). hours at Christmas, New Year's, Easter agreement involving no recognition of 4. Region 8 Ontario Post 112, On- — and Pentecost. Between 500,000 and the East German Government. But the tario, Calif. (W 2—L 2). 700,000 of West Berlin's 2.2 million communists now insist the condition for 5. Region 5 Merle Guild Post 208, — residents have visited East Berlin at each another round of visits is recognition Arlington Heights, 111. (W L 2). 1— of the eight opportunities thus offered of East Germany as a sovereign state. 7 6. Region —Allied Post 150, Port- during the last two years, passing This would, however, free the Russians land, Ore. (W 1—L 2). through steel gates set in holes in the wall of any responsibility for guaranteeing 7. Region 2 — Barringer-Walker Post like prison doors. freedom of access to West Berlin, and 139, Lyndhurst, N.J. (W 0—L 2). During the Easter 1965 visits, 26-year- that price the allies are unwilling to pay. 8. Region 1 —Ryan-Scammon Post 36, old Dieter Mahrholdt of West Berlin had The communists also are trying to tack Berlin, N.H. (W 0—L 2). just finished hugging his grandmother in (Continued on page 46)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 45 " .

SECRET LOANS! FOUR YEARS OF THE BERLIN WALL (Continued from page 44) Now you may get the money you need . . . FAST! Borrow $100 to $1,000 with a on a "good conduct" clause which would self as Germany's cultural center, and Money-By-Mail "Secret Loan" from Dial. Absolute privacy. No delay of any make execution of a passes agreement is a gathering place for artists from all kind. No co-signers needed. You use your own signature. Here's your chance Cash 30 Monthly dependent on assurances that nothing over the world. Direct flights link it daily to pay up old bills and have cash left over You Gtt Payments out of every paycheck. (Special: Credit prejudicial to the interests of the East with Paris, London and New York. life insurance available, at nominal cost) $104.65 $5.00

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For the first time science has found a new healing substance with the astonishing ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve pain — without surgery. In case after case, while gently relieving pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing statements like "Piles have ceased to be a problem! The secret is a new healing substance ( Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous research institute. This substance is now available in sup- pository or ointment form under the name "I take it you were out kind of late last ni Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE counters. 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 —

A New FREE BOOK for MEDICARE BASICS. RECHARGING DRY CELLS. MEN PAST40 PERSONAL PATENT FEES RISE. Troubled With Getting Up Nights, Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, Amid the millions of words pouring out on Medicare and Social Security, Nervousness, Tiredness. don't lose sight of these key facts and dates: This New Free Book points out that if • Free insurance covering hospitalization and home health services begins you are a victim of the above symptoms, the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- on July 1, 1966; extended care begins January 1, 1967. lar Inflammation ... a condition that • doctor bills and other serv- The voluntary insurance program, covering very commonly occurs in men of middle ices for a $3-a-month premium, begins July 1, 1966. age or past and is often accompanied by • You don't have to register for the free part of Medicare if you already despondency, emotional upset and other mental and nervous reactions. are in the Social Security or railroad retirement programs; otherwise, look up your nearest Social Security office and get yourself on record (provided, The book explains that, although many people mistakenly think surgery of course, that you are 65). is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- • plan, enroll between If you want to join the $3-a-month you can now mation, there is now a non-surgical and March 1, 1966, if you are—or shortly will be—65; those reaching 65 later treatment available. on can enroll at periodic, specified dates. Enrollment is via Social Security, which will supply any details you may need. NONSURGICAL TREATMENTS • Don't rashly cancel any health insurance you now have. Remember, Medicare won't be in operation until next July. This New Free Illustrated Book tells about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical • if are receiving Social Security, your payments have gone Meantime, you treatment for Glandular Inflammation up at least 7%, retroactive to January 1 of this year. To cover the fore part and that the treatment is backed by a of the year, you'll get a "catch-up" check. Here's how to tell if it's correct: Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many men from all over the country have It should be 7% of the total amount you received for the first eight months of taken the NON-SURGICAL treatment 1965. In other words, if you got $100 a month through August (or $800 all and have reported it has proven effec- told) your "catch-up" is $56. tive. • programs, Social Security tax rates will rise To pay for these new health The Non-Surgical treatment described in 1966. An employed person will be tagged 4.2% on earnings up to $6,600 in this book requires no painful surgery, (thus making a maximum of $277.20); a self-employed person's rate will be hospitalization, anesthesia or long period of convalescence. 6.15% (maximum of $405.90). Treatment takes but a short time and the cost is reasonable. The cordless revolution in appliances, toys, etc.—meaning they are battery- powered—is bringing a flurry of battery chargers onto the market. The up- REDUCIBLE HEMORRHOIDS shot is speculation whether 1) primary dry cells, which are not specifically HERNIA

designed for recharging, actually can be revived, and 2) whether recharging Non-Surgical treatment for both Reducible Hernia and Hemorrhoids, the book explains, can usually is safe. Here's the latest on the matter: be taken at the same time as treatment for • Frank Yeaple, one of the editors of Product Engineering, has just con- Glandular Inflammation. cluded a series of tests which show that "Penlite," "C," and "D" batteries indeed can be rejuvenated by use of recharging devices, if they aren't too old. • Moreover, restoration works not only on the common, inexpensive zinc- carbon batteries, but also on the more expensive mercury and alkaline types. M • Contrary to supposition, batteries won't explode while being recharged at least not if the recharger is used within sane limits. In any case, directions ILLUSTRATED BOOK accompanying battery chargers should be followed carefully. This New Free Book is fully illustrated and This month just about all Patent Office fees will be doubled or tripled. deals with diseases peculiar to men. Tak- Filing charges will rise from $30 to $65, plus certain extras; issuance fees ing a few minutes right now to fill out go from $30 to $100, plus extras; appeals from $25 to plus $50 on filing a $50, the coupon below, may brief; petitions to revive are upped from $10 to $15; and the recording of enable you to better enjoy the future years assignments rises from $3 to $20. Meantime, the cost of obtaining a printed Of of your life and prove copy of a patent will be doubled to 50^. to be one of the best investments you ever Note that the new legislation does not include a graduated maintenance made. fee over the 17 -year life of a patent. Such a fee had been proposed, but the idea was dropped when objectors warned it might be a backdoor way to EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS shorten the life of a patent. MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY Dept. Ml 150 Points worth bearing in mind while shopping: Excelsior Springs, Mo. PHOTOGRAPHY: Polaroid is now in the low-priced field with a new Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your New FREE Book. I am interested in full in- Swinger camera ($20) that needs no focusing, has semiautomatic exposure formation (Please Check Box) setting, and develops 2 1/2x31/4 in. prints in 10 seconds from film which you Hernia Hemorrhoids Glandular Inflammation don't have to thread or wind. TV: The color boom has rolled along to the point where 40% to 95% of NAME. the nighttime network shows now are "colorized." In about a year, just about ADDRESS- the entire nighttime schedule will be in tint. TOWN —By Edgar A. Grunwald STATE

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 49 WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION to believe that our country and not (Continued from page 24) the Russian dictators had most to gain from recognition. He noted that our ing the Soviet and American aloofness lion American dollars worth of Russian Government was without dependable from each other to an end. Why give orders as bait, he was careful to enu- sources of information about the USSR, a State Department mission to an official merate commodities which our produc- whereas the Soviets could get their facts of the Treasury Department? According ers and manufacturers were especially about us through the American to the "Morgenthau Diaries," Mr. Roose- well equipped to supply. But he also Com- munist Party, the Soviet Information velt felt that there was opposition to his stressed that long-term credits were es- Bureau in Washington and the plans within the State Department and sential to enable Russia to place these Amtorg Corp. in York. that someone there might throw monkey orders. New wrenches into his machinery. Secretary Hull had several conversa- It was not long before Robert F. Kel- Morgenthau's first contact, through tions in London with Litvinov. In his ley, Chief of the Division of Eastern Eu- intermediaries, was with officials of Am- "Memoirs" he revealed that during these ropean Affairs in the State Department, torg, a Soviet-American commercial talks "the groundwork was laid for our was instructed to draft a memorandum agency chartered as a stock company in later personal discussions at the time of for the White House on all phases of the New York. The talks, continued through recognition." Moley and Bullitt also saw Soviet recognition question. the summer, proved fruitless. Litvinov. Mr. Kelley warned repeatedly in the The President meanwhile referred all On July 2, Moley and Litvinov con- "Memorandum" that all outstanding requests for appointments to discuss the ferred about a loan to Amtorg. The next issues between the two governments question of Soviet recognition to another day, the Reconstruction Finance Cor- must be settled before recognition trusted lieutenant, Raymond Moley, poration granted Amtorg a $4 million should be extended; afterwards it would Asst. Sec'y of State under Cordell Hull. credit for the purchase of American cot- be too late. America's demands, he For good measure he further ap- argued, should be: pointed his old buddy, Bill Bullitt, Spe- 1 . Moscow must sever all connections cial Assistant to the Secretary of State. with communists in the United States Meanwhile, Secretary Hull began asking and refrain from reactivating them after foreign diplomats in Washington about recognition; the techniques their governments em- 2. Russian debts must be settled; ployed for bringing about Soviet recog- French and English experience had nition, the problems faced in the process, shown that discussion of payments after and their countries' experiences with the recognition had proven futile; Soviet since the resumption of diplomatic 3. The legal rights of American citi- relations. zens in Russia must be clearly defined On May 16, 1933, President Roose- and agreed upon before recognition. velt, increasingly impatient with the bar- In September 1933, the President renness of the Morgenthau-Amtorg dia- sought Mr. Hull's personal views on logue, took an unusual step. He appealed recognition. The Secretary of State de- to some 50 heads of other nations to co- clared himself in accord with the Kelley operate in the World Economic Confer- "Memorandum." American recognition, ence slated to convene in London in he noted, was eagerly desired by the June. One of these requests went to So- communist regime because its interna- viet President Mikhail Kalinin. It was the tional and domestic position would be first time since the Bolshevik revolution greatly enhanced thereby. This put the of 1917 that the White House communi- U.S. in a powerful bargaining position to "To live it up, that's what for! Why else directly the settle all points at issue beforehand. cated with Kremlin. would a redblooded American boy like Kalinin speedily replied that the peace- me ask you for a dime?" Mr. Roosevelt now decided the time ful objectives described in the Roose- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE had come to act positively. First, how- velt appeal coincided exactly with those ever, he added one more demand to the of the Soviet Union. The Soviet press ton. Though the loan was for only one Kelley list: hailed the White House initiative as a year, its importance lay in the fact that 4. Assurances must be given that the practical first step toward recognition. it was given by a U.S. Government rights of Americans in Russia to observe This favorable reaction was in keep- agency, thus breaching one of the bar- the rituals of their respective faiths and ing with the general Soviet policy of that riers between the two nations. churches "without annoyance or moles- time to "studiously cultivate an aura of While there was considerable criticism tations" would be scrupulously observed. respectability," as Professor Browder of this transaction in America, the busi- Then the President took over com- put it. ness community hailed it. The R.F.C. pletely. He rejected Secretary Hull's Possible abandonment of world revo- was urged by more than 40 American advice that the State Department estab- lution as a communist objective was firms for loans wherewith to sell other lish direct contact with the Soviet Gov- hinted. goods to Russia on credit. The Soviet ernment. Instead, he drafted Bill Bullitt The President appointed Hull, Moley dictatorship was naturally in high glee. as his man Friday. The State Depart- and Bullitt to represent our country dur- Meanwhile, the Nazi regime in Ger- ment was kept pretty much in the dark ing the London Conference. The choice many increasingly revealed itself as a about details of Bullitt's exploratory of Bullitt was taken by the Russians as potential threat to world peace. That moves. Working through Boris E. a clear indication that Mr. Roosevelt Mr. Roosevelt was bitterly anti-Hitler Skvirsky, director of the Soviet Informa- was amenable to Russian advances. was generally known. Mr. Hull, too, had tion Bureau in Washington, Bullitt ac- Maxim Litvinov, in his initial speech no doubts about Germany's intentions quainted the Russian Government with to the London Conference on June 14, and capacities under Hitler's rule. Mos- America's readiness to negotiate. A cagey addressed himself chiefly to the United cow hinted at a possible common front but affirmative reply came from the States, although seeming to speak to all against Nazism, and reached willing ears. Kremlin. nations. Dangling the figure of one bil- By now, Mr. Hull had gradually come {Continued on page 52)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 51 SPECIAL OFFER! for AMERICAN LEGION READERS WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION (Continued from page 50) An invitation, so worded as to make ference in Montevideo, Uruguay, to wel- 80 cup sure that Maxim Litvinov would be sent come his Soviet colleague. That same to directly Automatic deal with F.D.R. , was drafted evening he presented Litvinov in the and transmitted for approval to Moscow. traditional Blue Room of the White Urn The invitation was signed by our Pres- House to President Roosevelt, who ident and addressed to Mikhail Kalinin laughingly had suggested that the historic FREE under date of October 10, 1933. It read Red Room might be more fitting. In in part as follows: a brief meeting both statesmen greeted for selling only "Difficulties between great nations each other affably. 60 M-K items can be removed only by frank, friendly Mr. Hull in his "Memoirs" described conversations. I should be glad to re- the Commissar: "Round-faced and Earn this large 80 cup Automatic Party Pot ceive any representatives you may des- rugged, and of more than normal weight, Coffeemalter now during M-K's Special Offer. ignate to explore with me personally all he possessed an agreeable personality," You'll easily sell the 24 finest quality Black questions outstanding between our coun- but added that he was very guarded in Pepper and 36 M-K PURE Vanilla among your tries. Participation in such discussion what he said. own members—then the equipment is yours. All would, of course, not commit either At the President's suggestion the first M-K products shipped PREPAID. nation to any future course of action." business meeting, on November 8, took WRITE today for SPECIAL OFFER information. In his reply dated October 17, Mikhail place in the State Department. Mr. Lit- MARION-KAY Kalinin observed: vinov was informed by Mr. Hull and PRODUCTS CO., INC. "There is no doubt that difficulties, his experts on Russian affairs of the present or arising, between two coun- guarantees demanded as a pre-condition Dept. 1 8-B Brownstown, Indiana tries, can be solved only when direct of recognition, with the sole exception 25c SAMPLE ($1 Retail) relations the ticklish Make up to $10 an hour in your spare exist between them; and that, of question of Russian debts, time Just showing this amazing little invention that threads a needle sim- on the other hand, they have no chance which was reserved for a later meeting. ply by pressing a button. Show it to women (men, too) and watch them for solution in the absence of such re- The Commissar expressed grave sur- grab it out of your hands for only $ 1 .00. No sales experience needed. Rush 2 5c for sample or $3 for lations." prise at this turn of events and said he 1 doz. in 3-color store display carton, and money making He accepted the American proposal, needed time for study. facts, plus other self-selling moneymakers. adding that Maxim Litvinov would rep- UNIQUE PRODUCTS, Dept. 45510-T resent the Soviet Government. became evident immediately that 216 W. Jackson Blvd., Chicago. III. 60606 IT President Kalinin craftily observed he was in no mood to give the desired pTTCTcfflGAME SUPPLIES that the solution of difficulties could be pledges. He seemed particularly dis-

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 —— :

WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION Start Your Profitable Own (Continued from page 52)

Professor Browder, "that he the . . . Rug Cleaning Service and the preparation for . . . the bringing Commissar meet again in the evening about by force of a change in the po- Here's ideal way to start in business for alone and continue their conversation litical yourself without a big investment. You or social order of . . . the United don't even need a shop or office. Work in private, where they could, if out of your own home, use your present need be, States." car. You clean rugs new professional way insult each other with impunity. in homes and offices. Start in sparetime Litvinov At midnight of November 16-17, fol- —and graduate to full time. ." laughed heartily. . . lowing the annual Cabinet Dinner, the FREE Booklet Tells How Their private evening meeting lasted signatures of Franklin D. Roosevelt and Send for free "Business of Your for three hours. Own'* booklet! It tells the complete Maxim Litvinov were affixed in the story about this profitable service Mr. Hull then left for business— lets you decide for Montevideo, President's study to the exchange of let- yourself. Write today! No sales- and all parleys not man will call. conducted personally ters documenting their understandings. by the President FOLEY CARE, Dept. 1013-5 were carried on by Mr. At the same time the Union of Soviet So- Bullitt. cialist Republics was officially recognized A second private conversation be- by the Government of the United States. tween Roosevelt and Litvinov brought Both signatories and Bill Bullitt DON'T QUIT SMOKING about agreement on all points except the seemed tremendously pleased. Cordell before giving my pipe question of unpaid debts, chiefly in- Hull was awakened from sleep on the a 30 Day Trial curred by the Provisional Government 5.5. American Legion en route to Uru- New principle that contradicts every of Russia after the fall of the Czar. guay to be told of the recognition. Ac- idea you' ve ever had about pipe smok- Disregarding all urgent advice, Presi- cording to his "Memoirs," he read the i ng. I guarantee it to smoke cool and mild hour after hour, day after day, dent Roosevelt hastily drafted a "gen- message "joyfully" and remarked, "I without rest, without bite, bitterness or sludge. To prove it, I'll let you try tlemen's agreement" which fixed the hope it lasts." a new Carey Pipe. Send your amount to be paid by the USSR at "not name and address today for my free complete trial offer. Write: less than $75,000,000," but with Lit- jefore Litvinov left for Moscow, E. A. CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., 246- L Dept. Chicago40 vinov promising to advise his Govern- newsmen asked him what effect the ment to accept $100 million instead of Soviet pledge of noninterference in REAL -ESTATE the $150 million suggested by the Presi- American affairs would have on the dent as the minimum acceptable to the American Communist Party. He as- PAYS BIG! Be Your Own Boss in a Pleasant Career Graduates report substantial incomes. Men and Congress of the United States in pay- serted that the American communists Women of all ages prepare easily and quickly FREE regardless of previous experience. Course covers BOOI ment of a debt of $ 1 88 million. The most had no "concern" with the Russian Com- sales, loans, law, appraising & related subjects. TELLS Diploma Awarded. Study at homeor inmajor cities. HOW ominous words of that thoroughly munist Party, and vice versa. few days Send NOW for Big FREE Book. No obligation. un- A Accredited Member National Home Study Council. clear agreement, which Litvinov after recognition he urged the secretariat WEAVER SCHOOL OF REAL ESTATE Est. 1936) eagerly 352 1 A Broadway Kansas City. Mo 64111 accepted, were contained in the closing of the American communists in a secret paragraph session not to worry about the under- C INCLUDING 113 STAMPS — 10 MONACO "Mr. Litvinov agreed to remain in standings he had signed. They got the Get this worldwide collection! Includes MONACO Grace Kelly, 1912 Auto, Air Washington after resumption of relations message. Races, etc., many others. Total 113 different, plus Midget Ency- and to discuss" the terms of settlement. The Russian press went overboard clopedia of Stamp Collecting only 10c—to introduce Bar- In other words, the "gentlemen's agree- praising the success of the Litvinov mis- Rain Approvals you examine imL, without obligation. Buy what you want, return ment" left the subject open. Its text was sion. 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NO WEAR sar's pledges on behalf of his Govern- National Commander Edward A. ment are herewith quoted in abbreviated Hayes of the American Legion, while form: promising that, as good soldiers, the Le- A TRUSS "To refrain from interfering in any gionnaires would accept the situation, manner in the internal affairs of the nevertheless warned: "Whether we ac- FOR RUPTURE United States. . . . cept defeat gracefully or not, the Ameri- "To refrain, and to restrain all persons can Legion will never approve the ad- That Binds, Cuts, Gouges, in government service and all organiza- mitted tenets that are opposed in princi- Slips and Does Not Hold If you must wear a Truss for Rupture, don't tions of Government or under its direct ple and in practice to our belief in the miss this. A Post Card, with name and address, or indirect control . . . from any act . . . deity and our belief in American institu- will get you FREE, and without obligation, the complete, modernized Rice Plan of Reducible liable in any way whatsoever to injure tions and government." Rupture Control. Now in daily use by thou- the tranquility, prosperity, order, or se- The communist "Daily Worker" of sands who say they never dreamed possible curity of the whole or any part of the York threw a verbal bomb. It an- such secure, dependable and comfortable rup- New

ture protection. Safely blocks rupture opening, U.S. nounced that "the Communist Party . . . prevents escape, without need for bulky, cum- "Not to permit the formation or resi- will more than ever strive to win the bersome Trusses, tormenting springs or harsh, gouging pad pressure. Regardless of how long dence on its territory . . . and to prevent American workers for the revolutionary ruptured, size, occupation, or trusses you have the activity on its territory of any organi- way out of the crisis, for the emulation worn. TRY THIS, and send your Post Card today to W. S. Rice, Inc., Adams, N.Y. Dept. 8W. zation or group . . . which has as an aim (Continued on page 56) 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 ;: ffi\':.:iV '.'"'fl:>l.'-: :f^: ::'L\1Sr:.rS-;:.'- FREE-For Men Only! $2 Package-

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 55 WHEN F.D.R. RECOGNIZED THE SOVIET UNION but a government which uses trade po- (Continued from page 54) litically. There is no way to enforce con- tracts or assure payments. The Soviet of the Soviet Union and its revolutionary ternational's Congress as an "act of un- Union has not yet signed the Paris Con- victories." paralleled treachery," and urged our vention on international patent rights. Since it was an open secret that the Government to sever the relations for Mutual confidence, the bedrock of all American communists were actively sup- which he had worked so hard. trade, is absent. Though businessmen ported by Moscow, this defiant threat The Secretary of State supported the thought otherwise in 1933, there is no hardly jibed with Litvinov's pledge to Ambassador's denunciation but said and way to conduct trade with a communist Roosevelt. did nothing about ending relations. nation apart from all of its other machi- Business circles continued to be ex- These relations during some 30 years nations. tremely optimistic about trade possibili- attained their highest peak of guarded In retrospect, virtually all of the ties with the USSR. Their first disillu- amity during World War 2, when the prophecies made in support of recogni- sionment came from the man who since two giants fought a common enemy. tion have failed to come true. Virtually the days of Woodrow Wilson had con- They reached their lowest point of pub- all of those made against it have come tinuously championed recognition: Wil- licly vaunted recriminations during the to pass. liam C. Bullitt, appointed first U.S. Am- direct confrontation in Cuba in 1962. bassador to the Soviet Union. In the catalog of history since 1933, An interesting footnote was written in Bullitt was given a hero's welcome the Soviet Union did not keep one of the May of this year when the Committee for Economic Development (CED), a when he presented his credentials at the conditions on which its recognition was Kremlin in mid-December 1933. But be- based. distinguished U.S. study group, issued a report called Trade, fore the month was over, he was shocked One of the saddest footnotes to this "East-West A Com- mon Policy for the West." It recom- when Litvinov, who had spoken of a bil- history is that it was essentially business mends setting up machinery for increas- lion dollars' worth of orders from Amer- pressures in the United States, lured by ing trade between the West and the com- ica, informed him that $60 million was the promise of billions of dollars in ex- munist-bloc nations, a note that is remi- the maximum sum that Russia could af- ports to Russia, which carried the day niscent of the high hopes in 1933. ford for buying American products; any- in 1933 over all the objections to the So- In view of our experience since 1933, thing beyond that would have to be viet Union as an international outlaw. the dissent of member Robert Kle- financed by American credits. Yet our exports to her never came close CED berg, Jr., President of King Ranch, Inc., Returning to America in January to the American predictions or Soviet is worth noting. 1934, Bullitt warned American business- hints of 1933. In all 32 years of our rec- men, in an address before the Philadel- ognition of the USSR our trade exports "I do not believe," wrote Kleberg, phia Chamber of Commerce, to cut have come only to $1.3 billion. "that a policy statement by CED on East- down their optimistic estimates. West trade is advisable at this time. The On resuming his Moscow post, Bullitt gave the Soviet Union $10.8 whole matter of East-West relationships, We ranging as it does from the shooting war had his second disappointment. Coming billion in lend-lease in WW2. We to grips with the unsettled problem of never sought payment for lend-lease in Vietnam through the counterthreats Russian debts, he found Litvinov more goods used up in the war. But the value of atomic retaliation to the stalemate in intransigent than ever. The Russian of lend-lease materiel kept in Russia for Cuba, the propaganda war in South at Commissar found loopholes in President peacetime use is estimated at more than America and Communist attempts Roosevelt's hastily drafted "gentlemen's $1 billion, or virtually what all of our subversion of emerging nations in Africa, agreement" which put Russia in a strong trade export to Russia in 32 years has is so complex that it is not possible to bargaining position. The Commissar been worth. In seeking payment for the consider East-West trade as a separate proved so stubborn and unyielding that leftover lend-lease in the early 1950s, the issue. I feel that it would be unrealistic Secretary Hull transferred the negotia- United States came down to a figure of to hope that mutually useful trade could the tions to Washington. After two more $800 million as one it would settle for. be developed with Communist coun- years of fruitless wrangling, the matter But the negotiations fell through and tries under present circumstances. We was dropped without a cent of payment. haven't been revived in more than a would receive little benefit from such Bullitt became even more disillusioned dozen years. Meanwhile, Moscow held trade and would expose the Western when in the summer of 1934 he learned on to 84 merchant ships and 49 military world to some or all of the following haz- of Soviet Russia's ideas about coopera- watercraft which were returnable under ards: "( tion in the event of our involvement in lend-lease. 1 ) An increase in Communist prop- a war with Japan. He wrote to Secretary Lend-lease aside, the $1.3 billion of aganda and subversion in Latin America Hull: "The Soviet Union would certainly "normal" exports in 32 years is pitiful under the guise of trade. attempt to avoid becoming an ally until beside Sen. Hiram Johnson's prediction "(2) An opening of the trade barriers Japan had been thoroughly defeated and that there "are billions of dollars' worth which we have attempted to impose would then merely use the opportunity of future orders in Russia for American around Cuba. to acquire Manchuria and Sovietize workers to fill." "(3) A further detriment to our bal- China." The pages of history probably One reason lies in the restrictions on ance of payments position as a result of contain few more accurate prophesies. trade with the Soviets that we have im- the credits which we would have to ex- Our Ambassador's disillusionment was posed because of their total posture of tend to Communist countries. complete when in July of 1935 the Com- aggressiveness toward the free world. "(4) An increase in the flow of our munist International convened in Mos- Despite business arguments to the con- technical information and know-how to cow, and the American Communist trary in 1933, we have found that in the Communist world. Party reported on the revolutionary practice we cannot conduct business "In short, Communist governments movement in the United States. without regard to international morality look upon trade as a political weapon

Bill Bullitt now blew his top. Ignoring or the needs of our national security. and use it as such. So long as this is true,

the usual rules and amenities of di- But the very nature of communist gov- we should attempt to deny it to them." plomacy, he called a press conference. ernments has proved to pose even more Except for some modern details, that He branded the action of the Soviet Gov- difficult trade problems. Credit is risky. could have been written in 1933 by the ernment in playing host to the Third In- The "customer" is not a business concern opposition to recognition. the end

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WHICH CRAFT? Sorcerer to would-be apprentice: "What hexperience have you had?" PARTING SHOTS David Gordon A GROAN FROM THE DOGHOUSE Anniversaries and birthdays How they complicate my life, For I'm an absent-minded husband Of a present-minded wife! Ernest Beevins KWEER KWIRK

It is, of course, not known how many are eccentric, but it's bound to be an odd number. S. S. Biddle BANKRUPTURE Bankers always smile at me, And offer me a smoke; And grant me money readily Except when I am broke. I. W. Sponheim

SILENCE IS STILL GOLDEN Any time the modern child can be seen but not heard, it's a shame to wake him. Hal Chadwick DISENCHANTED DISTANCE

It's twenty-five million miles to Venus I scalp collection "Stop pampering him. When I was his age had my started!" It's forty-nine million miles to Mars; And five or six trillion miles between us And the nearest neighboring stars. DON'T LOOK NOW Imagine that! I'm trying to school boy went out for the football team, but he proved too A high But can't, and neither, I'll bet, can you! running. After one play, he eluded all tacklers and adept at broken-field So for me to race through the aisles of reached the goal line, he went scooting down the field. Just before he space into a steel pole that stood out of bounds. When he regained crashed Would be dotty as it can be asked what had happened. "I run faster," consciousness, his worried coach When even a hop in an old jet-prop shut." replied the young man, "with my eyes Scares the daylights out of me. Giles H. Runyon Jim Davis BAY WINDOW COMPUTERITIS Overindulgence in drink will give you a dragged himself through his front door and A tired-looking man hangover, whereas overindulgence in food into a chair. slumped will give you an overhang. wife asked sympathetically. "Busy day at the office, dear?" his W. N. Rieger "Terrible," he sighed. "The computer broke down in the middle of the afternoon and we all had to think." Joseph Salak

MISTAKEN IDENTITY An elderly bachelor lived in a small town at the end of a street that was the local Lover's Lane. One beautiful spring night he went to bed, but he was unable to sleep because his dog kept barking every few minutes directly under his bedroom window. Finally, the old man went to the

window, opened it wide and yelled: "Hey, Tiger! Cut that out!" The barking stopped, and in the ensiling stillness a young man's voice said meekly: "Yes, sir!" Dan Bennett

QUANTITY vs. QUALITY A guest at a tea party had been making a nuisance of herself by her constant bragging about her marital conquests. She approached a demure, contented-looking woman toward the end of the afternoon and continued her boasting. "I have had four husbands," she told her new listener, "and none of them was good enough for me. How many times have you been married?" "Once." replied the pleasant-faced matron, sweetly. "I have always "He was one of those selected to test believed in quality rather than quantity." drive the experimental jet propelled F. G. Kernan autos."

60 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • OCTOBER 1965 SEAGRAM DISTILLERS COMPANY, N.Y.C., BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS

And it's absolutely sure to add a special quality to any drink you favor. Because, as everybody knows, better whiskey makes a better drink. Say Seagram's and be Sure

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FLYING FISH! Turning rainbow trout into flying fish takes time and care. They're dropped from a plans to re-stock mountain lakes. This job keeps Dale pretty busy. Dale is a Camel smoker. He knows Camel's real taste satisfies longer.

FISHERIES BIOLOGIST

SOD // class a \\ / cio*«[i'es \ M No fads. No fancy stuff. C & 4 The best tobacco makes the best smoke. Wi

r • jt» r | h r • i 0 lit W 1 1ne G Ca IV W z TURKISH & DOMESTIC BLEND §0 CIGARETTES