DOCSLIB.ORG

IAWA Bulletin N.S., Vol. 8 (3),1987 245 ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IAWA Bulletin N.S., Vol. 8 (3),1987 245 ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 8 (3),1987 245 ECOLOGICAL TRENDS IN THE WOOD ANATOMY OF TREES, SHRUBS AND CLIMBERS FROM EUROPE by Pieter Baas and Fritz H. Schweingruber Rijksherbarium, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands and Eidgenössische Anstalt für das forstliche Versuchswesen, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Summary Ecological trends for occurrence of certain established on a floristic basis. It is suggested vessel, tracheid and fibre characteristics. have that the ecological trends are the result of se­ been analysed for 505 species (belonging to lection for specialised wood anatomical fea­ 221 genera and 71 families) from Europe, Cy­ tures such as simple perforation plates, vascular prus, and Madeira. Macroclimatic gradients tracheids, and different vessel size classes in the from boreal, via temperate to mediterranean mediterranean region and dry and warm sites in are strongly related with a decreasing incidence general, and that primitive features such as scala­ of scalariform perforations, (almost) exclusively riform perforations, solitary vessels, and fibre­ solitary vessels, and fibre-tracheids (i. e., fibres tracheids are not selected against in cool boreal with distinctly bordered pits). In this sequence and mesic habitats. For some characters macro­ the incidence of different vessel size classes climatic factors (chiefly temperature) seem more (vessel dimorphism) and vascular tracheids in­ important than moisture availability, for others creases. Ring-porous tendencies and spiral ves­ moisture availability seems equally important. sei thickenings have their peaks in the temper­ The biological significance of the reported ate zone. The subtropical flora of Madeira trends is discussed in terms of safety and effi­ shows low values for the percentage of species ciency of xylem sap transport, and of evolution­ with any of the above attributes. ary correlative constraints. In the graded series from dry (including wet Key words: Vessel perforations, vessel distribu­ saline), via normal to mesic, the incidence of tion, tracheids, fibres, ecology, Europe. scalariform perforations strongly increases and that of vascular tracheids decreases. Other at­ Introduction tributes show a weaker or ambiguous relation­ In the final stages of the preparation of an ship with moisture availability: incidence of extensive atlas of the wood anatomy of trees, different vessel size classes and spiral vessel shrubs, and climbers from Europe, Cyprus, and thickenings decreases; incidence of fibre-tra­ Madeira (Schweingruber, in preparation) de­ cheids increase in dwarf shrubs and normal scribing and picturing c. 600 species of woody shrubs, but decreases in trees; ring-porosity and gymnosperms and angiosperms, an analysis of (alm ost) exclusively solitary vessels are inde­ ecological trends in the wood anatomy of the pendent of moisture availability. 505 species of native dicotyledonous trees, There is also a relationship of some of these shrubs, and climbers described has been carried wood anatomical attributes with plant habit. out to be incorporated as a special chapter The incidence of species with exclusively scala­ (Baas, in Schweingruber, in preparation). These riform perforations, ring-porosity, and (alm ost) species represent 221 genera and 71 families. exclusively solitary vessels, decreases gradually The results of this analysis seemed to justify a in the series from trees via shrubs to dwarf­ precursory publication in this Bulletin. shrubs, while the reverse is true for species with The analysis of wood anatomical trends in different vessel size classes, and vascular tra­ the ecologically and taxonomically diverse cheids. Fibre-tracheids show no clear relation­ European flora is a complement to recent anal­ ship with plant habit. Climbers in the European yses of local or regional floras from Israel (Baas woody flora score relatively low for incidence et al., 1983; Fahn et al., 1986; Baas &Carlquist, of scalariform perforations and solitary vessels, 1985), southern California (Carlquist & Hoek­ but high for ring-porous tendencies, different man, 1985), and Australia (Carlquist, 1977). vessel size classes, and spiral thickenings. Inci­ The present analysis is based on many more dence of fibre-tracheids and vascular tracheids species than these earlier studies, but is limited is more or less similar to that in erect shrubs. in its scope to qualitative characters of per­ Within ecologically diverse genera or families forate and imperforate tracheary elements. very little can be traced of these salient trends (text continued on page 259) Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:06:07AM via free access 246 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Val. 8 (3),1987 Table 1. Species studied and their ecological and wood anatomical attributes. Legend: Macroclimate: b = boreal; t = temperate; m = mediterranean; s = subtropical oceanic (i.e., from Madeira); * = montane (j.e., highest localities at or above the timberline). See text for the classification of species with altitudinal or latitudinal ranges overlapping several categories. Moisture availability: d = dry; dh = saline (i.e., physiologically dry); n = normal; m = mesic. See text for classification of species covering several ecological categories. Habit: ds = dwarf shrub; s = shrub; t = tree; cl = climber, liana or scrambling shrub; ** = stern parasite. See text for classification of species with intermediate habit or covering more than one habit category. + = character present; ± = character intermediate or poorly developed (in case of perforation plates: mixed simple and scalariform perforations present; in case of ring-porosity: wood semi-ring-porous or semi-ring- to diffuse-porous); +/- = fibre-tracheids and libriform fibres present; - = character absent. -0 >, ~ '" & .... .~ '(j) -0'" os '" Ol '(j) -5 ~ Z' ~ "i ~ os Q) .; '" 0 '" -0'" -5 .... +' o '" '" Q) '0) os +' os Ei>, ~ Ei ~ t> ~ '" bD ..<:: .b .... 0 'U) ca Q) ~ " Q) o·~ '"Q).~ I::: "~ E <.:;+' o '-"> ~C/) E .-4 I::: .... .~ os o-... _rn •U'l ,...Q.) Q)cn > a c "o E .... .... ....... Q) ~ '3 Q) .... ~ Q) '" ;<;:l ~~ 0..Q)::l~", os .~ Species "os '0 os .... • .....-4 ......" ,,0..... " ~ " Q) ~ ~] ~~ '"os '"os Ei Ei ..<:: "'0.. .~ > (1) '"C1 ~-:5 t;: > > Aceraceae Acer campestre t d t + Acer granatense m* n + Acer heldreichii m n t + Acer hycranum m n t + Acer monspessulanum m n t + Acer obtusatum m n t + Acer opalus t n t + Acer platanoides m t + Acer pseudoplatanus m + Acer sempervirens m n + Acer tataricum m n t ± ± + Amaranthaceae Bosea cyprea m m cl Anacardiaceae Cotinus coggygria m d s + + + + Pistacia atlantica m d + + + + Pistacia lentiscus m d t ± + + + Pistacia terebinthus m d t + + + + Rhus coriaria m d s + + + + Apocynaceae Nerium oleander m m ± Aquifoliaceae Ilex aquifolium m + + + Araliaceae Hedera helix t n cl ± ± ± + Asc1epiadaceae Periploca graeca m n cl + + ± Periploca laevigata m d s ± ± ± ± Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:06:07AM via free access IAWA Bulletin nos"~ Vol. 8 (3),1987 247 (Table 1 continued) VI "d & ~ ,~ VI 'S os VI "d 'S -5 ~ ~~ ~ ; VI os "' 0 VI '~ o VI VI "d -5 .b ~ S VI ßS>.Q) Q) 'S ..... r;- > VI b.O ..s:: <.> ... § VI I':: <.> 1: ''; Q) O'~ ..., E ~ ~ (1)..... ~ ..., ""...,,~ --00· .... <.> os ~ I':: VI > I':: ... ta o ... ... Q) Q) ...... Q) ~ E Q) ... VI ~ t; VI ~ & ~ os ....: Q) '3 <.> b.O 'fjJ Species os '0 .;~ :"ü ~gj '1""4........ " ..0... VI ~ <.> Q) I':: Q) >< "os S S ..s:: VlI'l. 'i: > Q) :.s'ü ~.s t-+= > ~ Berberidaceae Berberis aetnensis m* n s + + + + Berberis cretica m d s + + + + Berberis hispanica m m s + + + + Berberis vulgaris t d s + + + + Betulaceae Alnus cordata m m + Alnus glutinosa t m + ± ± Alnus incana t m t + ± ± Alnus orientalis m* m t + ± ± Alnus viridis t* m s + Betula etnensis m* n + Betula humilis b m ds + Betula nana b m ds + Betula pendula b n t + Betula pubescens b m t + Boraginaceae Echium angustifolium m n ds Echium nervosum s d s Lithodora fruticosa m d ds ± + + + Lithodora hispidula m d ds ± + + ± Moltkia petraea m d ds ± + + + Onosma erecta m d ds ± + ± Onosma fruticosa m d ds + + + Onosma graeca m d ds ± + ± Buxaceae Buxus balearica s d t + + + Buxus sempervirens t d t + + + Capparidaceae Capparis spinosa m d ds + ± Caprnoliaceae Lonicera alpigena n s ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera caerulea t* m s ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera caprifolium t m cl ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera etrusca m n cl ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera implexa m n cl ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera nigra t n s ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera periclymenum m cl ± + + Lonicera pyrenaica m* d ds ± ± ± ± + + Lonicera xylosteum t n s ± ± ± ± + + Sambucus maderensis s m Sambucus nigra m s ± ± ± Sambucus racemosa t m s ± ± ± Viburnum lantana t d cl + + + + Viburnum opulus n s + + + + Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 03:06:07AM via free access 248 IAWA Bulletin n.s., Vol. 8 (3),1987 (Table 1 continued) Vl "CI ~ ~ ~ Vl .Ci) :Ei ",.~ - "CI ,.c: 'Z' ~.: ca .Ci) <> .0; 00'0 ~ ~ Vl ,.c: ...,Q) '" o rn rn _ "CI <> ...,... > .Ci) '" e ;g E .5;... Q) ~b/) ,.c: ...,... <> ... 0 Vl ~- > rnc:;:: <> '" ·C '" Q) o·~ 0 ..., ] '" ... ..., ... -- ~...:. Q,).~ ... 0 00· .... c:: eil > c:: ... a .: <> ..., Q) 0 ....~ '"... ~ '" E ..., d, '"5 <> ... Vl .~ <> b/) ~ ~ ~ ~ ca~ <> Species ·0 .!~ tfJ 'ü if: ~ .~.~ ... Vl Vl .: Q) ~ .~_ ~,.c: .J:J ~ '" Q) e'" e ,.c: ~~ ·C > (1) ""C:j u rn~ t+= '"> '"> (Caprifoliaceae) Viburnum tinus m n s + + + + Caryophyllaceae Arenaria ciliata b* n ds + Dianthus hispanicus m d ds ± ± + Dianthus rupicola m d ds ± ± + Silene pseudovelutina m n ds + Celastraceae Euonymus europaeus t m s ± + ± + +/- Euonymus latifolius t m s ± + ± + +/- Euonymus
Load more

Recommended publications
  • And Neoendemism in a Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot
    Annals of Botany 119: 229–238, 2017 doi:10.1093/aob/mcw093, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org PART OF A SPECIAL ISSUE ON ENDEMISM HOTSPOTS Climatic and topographical correlates of plant palaeo- and neoendemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot Rafael Molina-Venegas1,*,†, Abelardo Aparicio1,Se´bastien Lavergne2 and Juan Arroyo1 1Departamento de Biologıa Vegetal y Ecologıa, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain and 2Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, CNRS Universite´ Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France *For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] †Current address: Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. Received: 7 January 2016 Returned for revision: 4 March 2016 Accepted: 31 March 2016 Published electronically: 9 June 2016 Background and Aims Understanding the evolutionary and ecological forces contributing to the emergence of biodiversity hotspots is of outstanding importance to elucidate how they may withstand current climate changes. Here we explored patterns of phylogenetic and non-phylogenetic plant endemism in a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot. We hypothesized that areas with wet and equable climatic conditions would be prone to long-term persist- ence of endemic lineages (palaeoendemism), whilst areas of recent local speciation (neoendemism) would be more related to harsher environmental conditions and to high topographical relief promoting speciation. Methods We focused on the Baetic–Rifan biodiversity hotspot (southern Iberian Peninsula and northern Morocco) in combination with molecular phylogenetic information and relative phylogenetic endemism (RPE), a recent phylogenetic measure of endemism, allowing us to discern centres of palaeo- from those of neoendemism. Using eco-geographical regions as study units, we explored correlations between both RPE and endemic species richness with precipitation- and temperature-related variables and with elevation range.
    [Show full text]
  • A Common Threat to IUCN Red-Listed Vascular Plants in Europe
    Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular plants in Europe Author Ballantyne, Mark, Pickering, Catherine Marina Published 2013 Journal Title Biodiversity and Conservation DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0569-2 Copyright Statement © 2013 Springer. This is an electronic version of an article published in Biodiversity and Conservation, December 2013, Volume 22, Issue 13-14, pp 3027-3044. Biodiversity and Conservation is available online at: http://link.springer.com/ with the open URL of your article. Downloaded from http://hdl.handle.net/10072/55792 Griffith Research Online https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au Manuscript 1 Tourism and recreation: a common threat to IUCN red-listed vascular 1 2 3 4 2 plants in Europe 5 6 7 8 3 *Mark Ballantyne and Catherine Marina Pickering 9 10 11 12 4 Environmental Futures Centre, School of Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 13 14 5 Queensland 4222, Australia 15 16 17 18 6 *Corresponding author email: [email protected], telephone: +61(0)405783604 19 20 21 7 22 23 8 24 25 9 26 27 28 10 29 30 11 31 32 12 33 34 13 35 36 37 14 38 39 15 40 41 16 42 43 17 44 45 46 18 47 48 19 49 50 20 51 52 21 53 54 55 22 56 57 23 58 59 24 60 61 62 63 64 65 25 Abstract 1 2 3 4 26 Tourism and recreation are large industries employing millions of people and contribute over 5 6 27 US$2.01 trillion to the global economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Psoriasis Agents from Natural Plant Sources
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299342211 Anti-Psoriasis Agents from Natural Plant Sources Article in Current Medicinal Chemistry · March 2016 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160321121819 CITATIONS READS 0 503 5 authors, including: Marco Bonesi Monica Loizzo Università della Calabria Università della Calabria 85 PUBLICATIONS 1,148 CITATIONS 158 PUBLICATIONS 3,115 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Rosa Tundis Università della Calabria 161 PUBLICATIONS 2,850 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Rosa Tundis on 19 April 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Send Orders for Reprints to [email protected] 1250 Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2016, 23, 1250-1267 Anti-Psoriasis Agents from Natural Plant Sources M. Bonesi1, M.R. Loizzo1, E. Provenzano2, F. Menichini1 and R. Tundis1,* 1Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; 2Operative Unit of Dermatology, A.O. of Cosenza, Italy Please provide Abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease. It affects most corresponding author(s) races, does not have any sexual predilections and can manifest at any age of life. Psoriasis is photograph more frequent in certain racial groups and geographical areas. For these reasons, both ge- netic and environmental factors could be considered. In this review, we discuss promising natural compounds, their molecular targets and mechanisms, which may help the further de- sign of new anti-psoriasis agents. Literature documents the widespread use of herbal reme- dies worldwide, and the presence of some phytochemicals supports the efficacy of some botanical treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • REVISTA Art 6.P70
    MULTIPLE SHOOT FORMATION IN HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L. AND HYPERICINS HPRODUCTION O R T C O M M U N I C A T I O43 N Multiple shoot formation in Hypericum perforatum L. and hypericin production Eliane Romanato Santarém and Leandro Vieira Astarita* Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Biociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 12C, sala 253, CEP 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil; *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 06/01/2003, Accepted: 12/03/2003 Hypericum perforatum is a traditional medicinal plant with wound healing and antidepressive properties. Among the secondary compounds of interest is hypericin, a naphtodianthrone that seems to participate in the medicinal effects of this species. The aim of this work was to obtain an efficient micropropagation system of H. perforatum and to compare the hypericin content between in vitro and field-grown plants. Cultures were initiated from nodal segments of mature plants inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with 4.5 µM BA, kinetin, thidiazuron, individually or in combination with 0.05 µM NAA. Organogenic explants were observed on medium with either BA or kinetin alone or in combination of these with NAA. Subculture of organogenic explants onto the proliferation medium containing 4.5 µM BA promoted the organogenic response. The highest average of shoot production (52.6 shoots) was obtained on those explants induced in the presence of BA and NAA. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimated. Analysis of hypericin contents showed that levels found in callus represented only 0.11 % of what was detected in adult plants, while shoots and leaves from in vitro plants showed similar hypericin levels to those found in the leaves of the field-grown plants, suggesting that the accumulation of this compound is related to leaf differentiation.
    [Show full text]
  • Indicationes Climatices Et Geographie
    PL CZ UA BRATISLAVA A H BOTANICKÁ ZÁHRADA UNIVERZITY KOMENSKÉHO Botanická 3 841 04 BRATISLAVA S L O V A K I A INDICATIONES CLIMATICES ET GEOGRAPHIE Positio geographica horti botanici: Latitudo geographica 48°09' Longitudo geographica 17°06' Altitudo super mare 145 m Indicationes climatices: (pro 51 annis 1940 – 1990) Mensibus I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII media annua Temperatura oC -1,3 1,0 5,4 10,9 15,7 18,9 20,7 20,1 16,3 10,6 5,0 1,1 10,4 Praecipitatio mm 45 44 40 42 57 63 62 58 37 47 59 51 605 1 2 SEMINA E PLANTIS IN CALDARIIS ET IN HORTO BOTANICO CULTARUM Actinidiaceae 1 Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. 2 Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. deliciosa (A. Chev.) A. Chev. Adoxaceae 3 Sambucus caerulea Raf. 4 Viburnum burejaeticum Regel & Herd. 5 Viburnum lantana L. 6 Viburnum opulus L. subsp. calvescens (Rehd.) Sugim. 7 Viburnum rhytidophyllum Hemsl. ex Forb. & Hemsl. 8 Viburnum tinus L. Alangiaceae 9 Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms subsp. pauciflorum W. P. Fang Alliaceae 10 * Allium angulosum L. 2.1 11 Allium cyaneum Regel 12 Allium cyathophorum Bureau & Franch. 13 Allium obliguum L. Altingiaceae 14 Liquidambar formosana Hance 15 Liquidambar orientalis Mill. Anacardiaceae 16 Rhus potaninii Maxim. 17 Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stoke) F. A. Barkley Apiaceae 18 * Apium repens (Jacq.) Lag. 2.2 Aquifoliaceae 19 Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton 20 Ilex pernyi Franch. Araliaceae 21 Aralia chinensis Blume Asparagaceae 22 Asparagus aphyllus L. 23 Danae racemosa (L.) Moench 24 Ruscus aculeatus L.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Flowering Phenology and Synchrony on the Reproductive
    Research Article SPECIAL ISSUE: Using Non-Model Systems to Explore Plant–Pollinator and Plant–Herbivore Interactions Effects of flowering phenology and synchrony on the reproductive success of a long-flowering shrub Downloaded from Javier Rodrı´guez-Pe´rez1,2* and Anna Traveset1,2 1 Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc¸ats – IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marque´s, 21, E07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain 2 Present address: Aranzadi Sciences Society, Zorroagagaina 11, E20014 Donostia-San Sebastia´n, Spain http://aobpla.oxfordjournals.org/ Received: 30 October 2014; Accepted: 21 January 2016; Published: 2 February 2016 Guest Editor: Rupesh Kariyat Citation: Rodrı´guez-Pe´rez J, Traveset A. 2016. Effects of flowering phenology and synchrony on the reproductive success of a long-flowering shrub. AoB PLANTS 8: plw007; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plw007 Abstract. Flowering phenology and synchrony with biotic and abiotic resources are crucial traits determining the reproductive success in insect-pollinated plants. In seasonal climates, plants flowering for long periods should assure reproductive success when resources are more predictable. In this work, we evaluated the relationship between flowering phenology and synchrony and reproductive success in Hypericum balearicum, a shrub flowering at Universitat Illes Balears on March 16, 2016 all year round but mainly during spring and summer. We studied two contrasting localities (differing mostly in rain- fall) during 3 years, and at different biological scales spanning from localities to individual flowers and fruits. We first monitored (monthly) flowering phenology and reproductive success (fruit and seed set) of plants, and assessed whether in the locality with higher rainfall plants had longer flowering phenology and synchrony and relatively higher reproductive success within or outside the flowering peak.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Anti-Inflammatory Constituents in Hypericum Species and Unveiling the Underlying Mechanism in LPS-Stimulated M
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2011 Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse Nan Huang Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Nutrition Commons Recommended Citation Huang, Nan, "Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS- stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 12234. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/12234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Identification of anti-inflammatory constituents in Hypericum species and unveiling the underlying mechanism in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages and H1N1 influenza virus infected BALB/c mouse by Nan Huang A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: NUTRITIONAL SCIENCES Program of Study Committee: Diane Birt, Major Professor Suzanne Hendrich Marian Kohut Peng Liu Matthew Rowling Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2011 Copyright © Nan Huang, 2011. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT vi ABBREVIATIONS vii ABSTRACT x CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 General introduction 1 Dissertation organization 5 List of references 6 CHAPTER 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Balearic Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Balearic BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Balearic Evergreen Oak Forests Like much of the Mediterranean, the natural plant formation, is evergreen oak forest dominated by Quercus ilex (holm oak) although today Pinus halepensis (aleppo pine) is probably the most common tree on the islands. Other tree species include Arbutus unedo strawberry tree, while the shrub layer comprises Asparagus acutifolius, Daphne gnidium (Mediterranean mezereon), Erica arborea (tree heather), Phillyrea latifolia and the near endemic Rhamnus ludovici-salvatoris (Rhamnaceae). The ground layer includes another species, Cyclamen balearicum (Myrsinaceae), that was originally thought to be endemic, but this species has since been recorded in the south of France. Balearic Olive Woods The dominant tree here is Olea europaea var. silvestris (wild olive) and Ceratonia silique (carob). Typical shrubs include Cneorum tricoccon, Euphorbia dendroides (tree spurge), Ephedra fragilis (joint-pine) and Chamaerops humulis (dwarf fan palm) may also be present. Ground layer species typically include Arum pictum, Asparagus albus and A. stipularis. Balearic Rosemary Garrigue The main shrubs in this formation include Rosmarius officinalis (rosemary) and Erica multiflora. Rosemary can be found from sea level to the top of the highest mountain, but the endemic variety palaui is confined to the mountains. Other important shrubs include Anthyllus cytisoides, Globularia alypum, Lavendula dentata and the endemic Genista lucida (Fabaceae). Characteristic herbaceous species include Gladiolus illyricus and various ‘insect’ orchids such as Ophrys tenthredinifera sawfly orchid and O. bombylifera bumblebee orchid. Endemics include Smilax aspera var. balearica (Liliaceae). Balearic Mountain Garrigue Most Balearic endemics occur in this zone. The endemic shrubs Hypericum balearicum (Hypericaceae) or Teucrium subspinosum (Lamiaceae) are two of the most conspicuous species.
    [Show full text]
  • Biochemistry of Rubisco……………
    Departament de Biologia Facultat de Ciències Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms PhD Thesis Jeroni Galmés Galmés BSc. Biological Sciences (University of the Balearic Islands) Mallorca, 2006 Supervisor: Dr. Jaume Flexas Sans Jo, Dr. JAUME FLEXAS SANS, Professor Titular d’Escola Universitària de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, CERTIFICO: Que Jeroni Galmés Galmés ha realitzat sota la meva direcció, en el Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, de la Facultat de Ciències de la Universitat de les Illes Balears, el treball que, per optar al grau de Doctor en Ciències (Biologia), presenta amb el títol: “Ecophysiological traits and their responses to drought in species from the Balearic Islands with different growth forms” Considerant finalitzada la present memòria, autoritzo la seva presentació per a que pugui ésser jutjada pel tribunal corresponent. Per a que així consti, signo el present certificat a Palma, el 19 de gener de 2006. Jaume Flexas Sans L’EXTENSIÓ DE TERRA QUE CONTEMPLES PREN-LA COM UN REFLEX DE TU MATEIX, VULGUES CONFONDRE’T AMB ELS SEUS EXEMPLES, LA TERRA I TU BLEIXEU EN UN SOL BLEIX (RAMON LLULL) Acknowledgements AGRAÏMENTS – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Al llarg dels anys dedicats a la realització d’aquesta tesi han estat moltes les persones que de qualque manera m’han ajudat per a que aquest treball es pogués dur a terme. Amb tots ells estic en deute per la seva dedicació. En primer lloc a tots els membres del grup investigador en el qual he desenvolupat la meva tasca com a estudiant de doctorat, i que han col·laborat en la realització del treball experimental, en la redacció de les publicacions associades o simplement en crear un bon ambient de treball, gràcies a la seva agradable companyia.
    [Show full text]
  • Balearic and Tyrrhenian Flora at the Botanical
    BALEARIC AND TYRRHENIAN FLORA AT THE BOTANICAL GARDEN OF BARCELONA Miriam Aixart Sahun; David Bertrán Chavarria [email protected] ; [email protected] Jardí Botànic de Barcelona The Botanical Garden of Barcelona maintains Mediterranean plant collections from around the world. Its main objectives prominently include the conservation and documentation of Catalonia's natural heritage and surrounding territories. The collections are preserved as living plants in the garden and/or as seeds in the germplasm bank with the aim of study their growing pattern, among other scientific and educational purposes. The plants are grouped according to the five Mediterranean regions of the world, and within these areas, the plants are grouped by ecological affinity, i.e., they represent the natural landscapes. One of these areas is the Mediterranean Basin, the lands surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. One of the landscapes that we try to represent is called Balearic Island and Tyrrhenian flora rock crevice community. Dracunculus muscivorus Anthyllis histrix Erodium reichardii Paeonia cambessedesii Balearic and Tyrrhenian rock crevice community flora Calcareous rock formation contains a representation of the most frequent plants as well as endemic species from the coast, scrub, oak forests and high mountains of the Balearic Islands. The predominant species in coastal areas are Astragalus balearicus and Launaea cervicornis , while holm oak predominates in the scrub and low woody species from the Lamiaceae and Leguminosae families, as well as many geophytes. In this landscape the Botanical Garden of Barcelona has lots of Balearic and Tyrrhenian endemisms like: Dracunculus muscivorus, Anthyllis histrix , Erodium reichardii , Paeonia cambessedesii , Femeniasia balearica , Lysimachia minoricensis , Hypericum balearicum , among others.
    [Show full text]
  • Planta Medica
    www.thieme-connect.de/ejournals | www.thieme.de/fz/plantamedica Planta Medica August 2010 · Page 1163 – 1374 · Volume 76 12 · 2010 1163 Editorial 1177 Special Session: Opportunities and challenges in the exploitation of biodiversity – Complying with the principles of the convention on biological diversity th 7 Tannin Conference 1178 Short Lectures 1164 Lectures 1193 Posters 1165 Short Lectures 1193 Aphrodisiaca from plants 1193 Authentication of plants and drugs/DNA-Barcoding/ th 58 International Congress and Annual Meeting of PCR profiling the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research 1197 Biodiversity 1167 Lectures 1208 Biopiracy and bioprospecting 1169 WS I: Workshops for Young Researchers 1169 Cellular and molecular mechanisms of action of natural 1208 Enzyme inhibitors from plants products and medicinal plants 1214 Fertility management by natural products 1171 WS II: Workshops for Young Researchers 1214 Indigenous knowledge of traditional medicine and 1171 Lead finding from Nature – Pitfalls and challenges of evidence based herbal medicine classical, computational and hyphenated approaches 1230 Miscellaneous 1173 WS III: Permanent Committee on Regulatory Affairs of Herbal Medicinal Products 1292 Natural products for the treatment of infectious diseases 1173 The importance of a risk-benefit analysis for the marketing authorization and/or registration of (tradi- 1323 New analytical methods tional) herbal medicinal products (HMPs) 1337 New Targets for herbal medicines 1174 WS IV: Permanent Committee on Biological and
    [Show full text]
  • Árboles Y Arbustos De Bajo Consumo En Agua: Un Mundo De Posibilidades
    Seminario Jardinería pública y sostenibilidad. Nuevos retos para el siglo XXI. Universidad Internacional Menéndez Pelayo. Cuenca. 12-14 septiembre 2007 Árboles y arbustos de bajo consumo en agua: un mundo de posibilidades José Manuel Sánchez de Lorenzo-Cáceres Hasta ahora, y así lo habíamos estudiado en el ciclo este sector está igualmente obligado, como todos los del agua en la naturaleza, con la evaporación y la demás, a optimizar al máximo los recursos hídricos posterior lluvia el agua se reponía y llenaba los lagos, disponibles, empleando para ello sistemas de riego los ríos y los acuíferos en un movimiento circulatorio eficientes, disminuyendo las pérdidas por evaporación constante. Pero en los últimos años el consumo de y utilizando plantas de bajo consumo en agua, que agua a escala global ha aumentado de tal manera que será el tema central de este artículo. se está produciendo un desequilibrio, reponiéndose más lentamente de lo que la gastamos entre la agricul- Sobre estos principios, además de algunos otros, se tura, la ganadería, la industria y nuestro propio consu- sustenta la Xerojardinería, un modelo de jardinería que mo, agravando el problema, aún más, la constante busca fundamentalmente el ahorro de agua y que, contaminación y degradación de su calidad. Se insiste, lentamente, se va implantando en muchas zonas de por tanto, en su consumo responsable para un creci- España donde, equivocadamente, aún predomina la miento sostenible y más solidario, pues de no ser así demanda del jardín anglosajón basado en grandes nuestra sociedad occidental estará condenada a una praderas de césped, lo que supone una cultura jardi- permanente crisis.
    [Show full text]