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16-17 March 2016, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A Arctic Council SAO plenary meeting (eDocs code: ACSAOUS202) 16-17 March 2016, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A. Document Title Overview of measures specifically designed to prevent oil pollution in the Arctic marine environment from offshore petroleum activities Agenda item number 7.1a Submitted by Norway Document filename EDOCS-3194-v1- ACSAOUS202_Fairbanks_2016_7-1a_Overview_Measures_OPP_Norway_report Number of pages, not including this cover sheet 266 Type (e.g. report, progress report, etc.) Report Proactima Stavanger Proactima Oslo Proactima Bergen Proactima Trondheim Postboks 8034 Postboks 2369 Solli Kong Christian Fredriks plass 3 Abelsgate 5 4068 Stavanger 0201 Oslo BI-bygget, 5006 Bergen 7030 Trondheim Norway Norway Norway Norway t: +47 40 00 19 33 – f: +47 51 87 57 41 – org. no. 915 641 938 – [email protected] – proactima.com REPORT Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (on behalf of the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Overview of measures specifically designed to prevent oil pollution in the Arctic marine environment from offshore petroleum activities Arctic Council, Task Force On Pollution Prevention (TFOPP) Table of contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Scope of work .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Limitations ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................................. 9 1.6 Reference list ........................................................................................................................... 9 1.7 Follow-up of this work ............................................................................................................. 9 2 Executive summary .............................................................................................................. 10 3 Method description ............................................................................................................. 11 4 Arctic regions and specific conditions ................................................................................... 12 4.1 Arctic and cold climate regions ............................................................................................. 12 4.2 Specific conditions for the Arctic regions .............................................................................. 13 4.2.1 Daylight .................................................................................................................................. 14 4.2.2 Visibility ................................................................................................................................. 14 4.2.3 Temperature .......................................................................................................................... 14 4.2.4 Icing ....................................................................................................................................... 15 4.2.5 Wind and wind chill ............................................................................................................... 15 4.2.6 Precipitation and snow .......................................................................................................... 15 4.2.7 Polar lows .............................................................................................................................. 15 4.2.8 Water depths ......................................................................................................................... 16 4.2.9 Waves .................................................................................................................................... 16 4.2.10 Ocean currents .............................................................................................................. 16 4.2.11 Sea ice and icebergs ...................................................................................................... 16 4.2.12 Seabed conditions ......................................................................................................... 16 4.2.13 Distance ......................................................................................................................... 17 5 Concepts for Arctic offshore petroleum activities ................................................................. 18 5.1 Stages in offshore petroleum exploration and development ............................................... 18 5.2 Relevant exploration and development concepts ................................................................ 18 Report no.: 1071842-RE-01 Rev. no.: 03 Rev. date: 16 December 2015 Page 3 of 266 5.2.1 Fixed structures ..................................................................................................................... 19 5.2.2 Floating structures ................................................................................................................. 19 5.2.3 Subsea structures .................................................................................................................. 20 5.2.4 Extended reach wells from shore .......................................................................................... 20 5.3 Undesirable events ................................................................................................................ 20 6 Overview of main sources for relevant information .............................................................. 22 6.1 Response from the baseline survey ...................................................................................... 22 6.2 Conference papers ................................................................................................................ 23 6.3 National Petroleum Council (NPC) Arctic Potential Report................................................... 24 6.4 The Russian – Norwegian Oil & Gas industry cooperation in the High North ....................... 25 6.5 Barents 2020 ......................................................................................................................... 26 6.6 Recommended literature ...................................................................................................... 26 7 Technological and operational measures to prevent oil pollution .......................................... 27 7.1 Metocean and ice conditions ................................................................................................ 28 7.1.1 Weather forecasting .............................................................................................................. 32 7.1.2 Technology for metocean data collection ............................................................................. 33 7.2 Ice management .................................................................................................................... 33 7.2.1 Ice forecasting, detection and monitoring ............................................................................ 34 7.2.2 Station-keeping in ice ............................................................................................................ 38 7.2.3 Physical ice management ...................................................................................................... 41 7.2.4 Disconnection ........................................................................................................................ 43 7.3 Drilling technology, well integrity and well control .............................................................. 45 7.3.1 Drilling technology and well integrity ................................................................................... 45 7.3.2 Well control ........................................................................................................................... 47 7.4 Pipelines and subsea structures ............................................................................................ 51 7.4.1 Pipeline and subsea structure integrity................................................................................. 52 7.4.2 Pipeline integrity monitoring and leak detection.................................................................. 55 7.5 Facility design ........................................................................................................................ 56 7.5.1 Ice loads ................................................................................................................................. 57 7.5.2 Ice model testing ................................................................................................................... 63 7.5.3 Material selection .................................................................................................................. 63 Report no.: 1071842-RE-01 Rev. no.: 03 Rev. date: 16 December 2015 Page 4 of 266 7.5.4 Winterization ........................................................................................................................
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