DOCSLIB.ORG

Permanent Court of Arbitration

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Permanent Court of Arbitration PERMANENT COURT OF ARBITRATION IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BEFORE A TRIBUNAL CONSTITUTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 5 OF THE ARBITRATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN AND THE SUDAN PEOPLE'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY ON DELIMITING ABYEI AREA BETWEEN: GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN and SUDAN PEOPLE'S LIBERATION MOVEMENT/ARMY COUNTER-MEMORIAL OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SUDAN 13 FEBRUARY 2009 Table of Contents Volume I Pages 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................1 A. General Overview ................................................................................1 B. Preliminary Remarks ............................................................................3 (i) The Weight of the Documentary Evidence .........................................3 (ii) Assessing Modern Oral Evidence of Historic Events ............................9 (a) The SPLM/A’s Witness Statements Refer to Past Events to Which the Witnesses Cannot Personally Testify ............ 14 (b) The SPLM/A’s Witness Statements Concern Time Periods Which Have No Bearing on the Year 1905 .................................17 (c) The SPLM/A’s Witness Statements Are Vague as to the Specifi c Territory to Which They Refer ...................................... 18 (d) The SPLM/A’s Witness Statements Are Not Corroborated by Contemporaneous Evidence ................................................ 18 (e) The SPLM/A’s Witness Statements Are Provided by Interested Parties ..................................................................19 (iii) The Onus of Proof .......................................................................21 C. The Outline of this Counter-Memorial.................................................... 25 2. The Interpretation of the Formula ........................................................ 27 A. Introduction ......................................................................................27 B. The Temporal Dimension .....................................................................28 C. The Territorial Dimension ....................................................................30 D. The Task of the Tribunal ......................................................................33 3. The Excess of Mandate of the ABC Experts ........................................... 36 A. General Considerations .......................................................................36 (i) The “Estoppel” and “Finality” Arguments ........................................36 (ii) The SPLM/A’s Claims Concerning the Exceptional Character of a Finding of Excess of Mandate and the Burden of Proof ............... 38 (iii) The Special Circumstances of the Case .......................................... 39 i B. Grounds for Excess of Mandate ................................................................. 43 (i) The ABC Experts Decided Ultra Petita ............................................ 45 (a) Answers to Questions Not Submitted: the “Secondary 74Rights” Issue ..................................................................... 47 (b) Misinterpretation of the Express Provisions of the 77Mandate ...........................................................................50 (ii) The ABC Experts Decided Infra Petita ............................................ 55 (iii) The ABC Experts Committed Gross Violations of Applicable Procedural Rules .........................................................................68 4. The SPLM/A Claim to a Boundary at 10°35’N ........................................74 A. The SPLM/A Claim.............................................................................. 74 B. The Documentary Evidence of Nogk “Title” in 1905 ................................ 76 (i) The Ngok Foundation Myth: the 18th Century ..................................77 (a) Oral Sources of the Ngok Foundation Myth ................................78 (b) The Scholarly Sources ............................................................79 (c) The SPLM/A’s Selective Use of Sources .....................................82 (ii) The Differential Impact of the Mahdiyya .........................................86 (iii) The Late 19th-Early 20th Centuries (1898-1905) ...............................94 (iv) The Period After the Transfer ...................................................... 107 (a) Post-1905 Boundary Descriptions and Maps ............................ 107 (b) Hallam’s Route Report 1907 and Other Documents .................. 109 (c) Conclusions on the Post-Transfer Period ..................................119 (v) The Inter-War Period ................................................................. 119 (vi) The Period Prior to Independence in 1956 .................................... 128 (vii) Conclusions from the Documentary Evidence ................................ 133 C. Recently-Prepared Evidence of Oral Tradition ....................................... 133 (i) Accuracy of Oral History Generally...............................................135 (ii) The Coming of the Humr/Messeriya .............................................136 (iii) Northerly Extension of Certain Dinka Sections ...............................138 (iv) The Humr/Messeriya as Traders not Cattlemen ..............................138 (v) The So-Called Border at Tebeldiya ...............................................139 (vi) Conclusions on the Oral Evidence ................................................144 ii D. The Expert Evidence .............................................................................. 145 E. The Map Evidence of Tribal Areas ....................................................... 147 (i) SPLM/A Map 12 - “Southern Sudan: Tribes” ..................................148 (ii) The “Ngok Dinka Chiefdoms 1905”: SPLM/A Maps 13-22 ................ 152 F. Conclusions..................................................................................... 156 5. The Boundary Between Kordofan and Bahr el Ghazal Before 1905 and the 1905 Transfer ............................................................... 158 A. Introduction ....................................................................................158 B. The Evidence Showing that the Pre-105 Administrative Boundary Was the Bahr el Arab ........................................................................161 (i) Prior to 1905, the Bahr el Arab Was a Well Known Boundary Between the Arab Tribes to the North and the Dinka to the South ...................................................................................... 163 (ii) The Bahr el Arab Was the Provincial Boundary Between Kordofan and Bahr el Ghazal before the 1905 Transfer ................... 170 C. The 1905 Transfer ............................................................................179 D. The Southern Limits to the Transferred Area after 1905 ........................ 189 E. The “Transferred Area” Did Not Include Areas North of the Bahr el Arab ...........................................................................................194 F. Conclusions..................................................................................... 198 Submissions A.S. Macdonald, Mapping Issues Raised by the SPLM/A Memorial, Expert Report Volume II: Documentary Annexes Volume III: Map Atlas Volume IV: Witness Statements iii List of Figures Figure Title Page 1 The Humr and their Land from, Cunnison (1954) 91 2 Tribal Districts, from Collins (1971) 93 3 Wilkinson’s Sketch (1902) 96 4 Percival 1904 route map 103 5 Percival’s Sketch (1904) 105 6 Comyn’s Sketch (1906) 110 7 Hallam route map (1907) 112 8 Homr Dry Season Camps (1908) 114 9 Whittingham Sketch (1910) 116 10 Whittingham Route map (1910) 117 11 Heinekey Route Map (1918) 121 12 Dupuis Route Map (1921) 123 13 Titherington Sketch (1924) 125 14 Grazing Area Map (1933) 126 15 Dinka Tribal Groups, from Lienhardt (1961) 129 16 Humr Migration Routes, from Cunnison (1966) 131 17 Upper Niles Tribal Map (1941) 149 18 Equatorial Tribal Map (1941) 150 19 Kordofan Native Administrations Map (1941) 151 20 Arab Tribes 153 21 Dinka Tribes 154 22 Ngok Tribes 155 iv Chapter 1 Introduction A. General Overview 1. This Counter-Memorial is filed pursuant to agreement reached at the procedural meeting of 24 November 2008, fixing 13 February 2009 as the date for the simultaneous submissions of Counter-Memorials by the Parties. It responds to the contentions of law, fact and myth raised in the SPLM/A Memorial. 2. There are two issues which the Parties have requested the Tribunal to decide. Both issues are set out in Article 2 of the Arbitration Agreement. First, the Tribunal is requested to determine whether or not the ABC Experts exceeded their mandate, which was "to define (i.e., delimit) and demarcate the area of the nine Ngok Dinka chiefdoms transferred to Kordofan in 1905." Second, in the event the Tribunal determines that the Experts did exceed their mandate, the Tribunal shall proceed to define and delimit on a map the boundaries of the same chiefdoms transferred to Kordofan in 1905 based on the submissions of the Parties. 3. With respect to the first issue, the SPLM/A Memorial contends that (i) the Government of Sudan has no right to appeal because it "prospectively waived" that right in the instruments constituting the ABC, (ii) the Experts in any event did not exceed their mandate, and (iii) the Government of Sudan's claim of excess of mandate must be subject to "the most demanding standards of proof." 4. All three arguments are fundamentally misplaced. The first
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nomads' Settlement in Sudan: Experiences, Lessons and Future Action
    Nomads’ Settlement in Sudan: Experiences, Lessons and Future action (STUDY 1) Copyright © 2006 By the United Nations Development Programme in Sudan House 7, Block 5, Avenue P.O. Box: 913 Khartoum, Sudan. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retreival system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. Printed by SCPP Editor: Ms: Angela Stephen Available through: United Nations Development Programme in Sudan House 7, Block 5, Avenue P.O. Box: 913 Khartoum, Sudan. www.sd.undp.org The analysis and policy recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations, including UNDP, its Executive Board or Member States. This study is the work of an independent team of authors sponsored by the Reduction of Resource Based Conflcit Project, which is supported by the United Nations Development Programme and partners. Contributing Authors The Core Team of researchers for this report comprised of: 1. Professor Mohamed Osman El Sammani, Former Professor of Geography, University of Khartoum, Team leader, Principal Investigator, and acted as the Report Task Coordinator. 2. Dr. Ali Abdel Aziz Salih, Ph.D. in Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum. Preface Competition over natural resources, especially land, has become an issue of major concern and cause of conflict among the pastoral and farming populations of the Sahel and the Horn of Africa. Sudan, where pastoralists still constitute more than 20 percent of the population, is no exception. Raids and skirmishes among pastoral communities in rural Sudan have escalated over the recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Training of the Upper Nile
    THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE I PUBLISHED BY PITMAN WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENTS By W. H. MAXWELL, A.M.Inst.C.E., Chartered Civil Engineer, Formerly Borough and Waterworks Engineer, Tunbridge Wells Corporation. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 337 pp., illustrated. 25s. net. WATERWORKS FOR URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS By HBNB-T C. ADAMS, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.M.E., F.S.I. In demy 8vo, 246 pp.* with 111 illustrations and 3 folding plates. 15s. net. RIVER WORK CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS By H. C. H. SHENTON, F.S.E., M.Inat.M. and Cy. E., F.R.San.I., F.R.San.E., and F. E. H. SHBNTON, M.S.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 146 pp. 12s. 6d. net. HYDRAULICS FOR ENGINEERS By ROBERT W. ANGUS, B.A.SC, M.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 336 pp. 12s. 6d. net. REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCH DESIGN By G. P. MANNING, M.Eng., A.M.Inst.C.E. In demy 8vo, cloth gilt, 200 pp. 18s. 6d. net. Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. Parker St. Kingsway, London, W.C.2 THE TRAINING OF THE UPPER NILE BY F. NEWHOUSE B.Sc, F .C.G.I., M.INST.C.E. Late Inspector-General of Egyptian Irrigation in the Sudan PUBLISHED IN OOLLABOBATION WITH THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS LONDON SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. 1939 SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, LTD. PITMAN HOUSE, PARKER STREET, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 THE PITMAN PRESS, BATH PITMAN HOUSE, LITTLE COLLINS STREET, MELBOURNE ASSOCIATED COMPANIES PITMAN PUBLISHING CORPORATION 2 WEST 45TH STREET, NEW YORK 2O5 WEST MONROE STREET, CHICAGO SIR ISAAC PITMAN & SONS (CANADA), LTD.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil and Oil
    COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 i COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE COALITION FOR I NTERNATIONAL JUSTICE SOIL AND OIL: DIRTY BUSINESS IN SUDAN February 2006 Coalition for International Justice 529 14th Street, N.W. Suite 1187 Washington, D.C., 20045 www.cij.org February 2006 ii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE © 2006 by the Coalition for International Justice. All rights reserved. February 2006 iii COALITION FOR INTERNATIONAL JUSTICE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CIJ wishes to thank the individuals, Sudanese and not, who graciously contributed assistance and wisdom to the authors of this research. In particular, the authors would like to express special thanks to Evan Raymer and David Baines. February 2006 iv 25E 30E 35E SAUDI ARABIA ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT LIBYA Red Lake To To Nasser Hurghada Aswan Sea Wadi Halfa N u b i a n S aS D e s e r t ha ah raar a D De se es re tr t 20N N O R T H E R N R E D S E A 20N Kerma Port Sudan Dongola Nile Tokar Merowe Haiya El‘Atrun CHAD Atbara KaroraKarora RIVER ar Ed Damer ow i H NILE A d tb a a W Nile ra KHARTOUM KASSALA ERITREA NORTHERN Omdurman Kassala To Dese 15N KHARTOUM DARFUR NORTHERN 15N W W W GEZIRA h h KORDOFAN h i Wad Medani t e N i To le Gedaref Abéche Geneina GEDAREF Al Fasher Sinnar El Obeid Kosti Blu WESTERN Rabak e N i En Nahud le WHITE DARFUR SINNAR WESTERN NILE To Nyala Dese KORDOFAN SOUTHERN Ed Damazin Ed Da‘ein Al Fula KORDOFAN BLUE SOUTHERN Muglad Kadugli DARFUR NILE B a Paloich h 10N r e 10N l 'Arab UPPER NILE Abyei UNIT Y Malakal NORTHERN ETHIOPIA To B.A.G.
    [Show full text]
  • Wartime Trade and the Reshaping of Power in South Sudan Learning from the Market of Mayen Rual South Sudan Customary Authorities Project
    SOUTH SUDAN CUSTOMARY AUTHORITIES pROjECT WARTIME TRADE AND THE RESHAPING OF POWER IN SOUTH SUDAN LEARNING FROM THE MARKET OF MAYEN RUAL SOUTH SUDAN customary authorities pROjECT Wartime Trade and the Reshaping of Power in South Sudan Learning from the market of Mayen Rual NAOMI PENDLE AND CHirrilo MADUT ANEI Published in 2018 by the Rift Valley Institute PO Box 52771 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya 107 Belgravia Workshops, 159/163 Marlborough Road, London N19 4NF, United Kingdom THE RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in eastern and central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political and economic development. THE AUTHORS Naomi Pendle is a Research Fellow in the Firoz Lalji Centre for Africa, London School of Economics. Chirrilo Madut Anei is a graduate of the University of Bahr el Ghazal and is an emerging South Sudanese researcher. SOUTH SUDAN CUSTOMARY AUTHORITIES PROJECT RVI’s South Sudan Customary Authorities Project seeks to deepen the understand- ing of the changing role of chiefs and traditional authorities in South Sudan. The SSCA Project is supported by the Swiss Government. CREDITS RVI EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR: Mark Bradbury RVI ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH AND COMMUNICATIONS: Cedric Barnes RVI SOUTH SUDAN PROGRAMME MANAGER: Anna Rowett RVI SENIOR PUBLICATIONS AND PROGRAMME MANAGER: Magnus Taylor EDITOR: Kate McGuinness DESIGN: Lindsay Nash MAPS: Jillian Luff,MAPgrafix ISBN 978-1-907431-56-2 COVER: Chief Morris Ngor RIGHTS Copyright © Rift Valley Institute 2018 Cover image © Silvano Yokwe Alison Text and maps published under Creative Commons License Attribution-Noncommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Available for free download from www.riftvalley.net Printed copies are available from Amazon and other online retailers.
    [Show full text]
  • Cameroun) Dessin De Christian SEIGNOBOS
    BULLETIN MEGA-TCHAD 2000 / 1 & 2 Méga-Tchad 2000 / 1 & 2 MÉGA-TCHAD n° 2000 / 1 & 2 Année 2000 ____________________________ Coordination : Catherine BAROIN (CNRS) Jean BOUTRAIS (IRD - ex Orstom) Dymitr IBRISZIMOW (Universität Bayreuth) Henry TOURNEUX (CNRS) CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherches Universität Bayreuth sur l’Afrique Maison René Ginouvès Afrikanistik II 21, allée de l’Université 92023 NANTERRE Cédex D-95440 Bayreuth FRANCE DEUTSCHLAND CNRS / LLACAN Langage, Langues et Cultures d’Afrique Noire 7, rue Guy-Moquet 94801 VILLEJUIF Cédex FRANCE Adresser toute correspondance à : MÉGA-TCHAD Boîte n° 7 Maison René Ginouvès Téléphone : 01 46 69 26 27 21, allée de l’Université Fax : 01 46 69 26 28 92023 NANTERRE Cédex E-mail : [email protected] FRANCE Les auteurs sont seuls responsables du contenu de leurs articles et comptes rendus 3 Méga-Tchad 2000 / 1 & 2 ISSN 0997-4547 Couverture : Case munjuk de la région de Guirvidig (Cameroun) Dessin de Christian SEIGNOBOS 4 Méga-Tchad 2000 / 1 & 2 SSOOMMMMAAIIRREE • Editorial : « Un outil de travail collectif » ....................................p. 7 par Catherine BAROIN • In memoriam Bernard LANNE, Patrick PARIS.....................................p. 8 • Réseau Méga-Tchad : le prochain colloque..................................p. 9 • Annonces ...................................................................................p. 10 - Colloques : langues tchadiques, linguistique nilo-saharienne - Les décors de céramiques imprimées du Sahara - Séances de séminaires intéressant la zone Méga-Tchad
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of South Sudan Request for an Extension of the Deadline For
    The Republic of South Sudan Request for an extension of the deadline for completing the destruction of Anti-personnel Mines in mined areas in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 1 of the convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Antipersonnel Mines and on Their Destruction Submitted at the 18th Meeting of the State Parties Submitted to the Chair of the Committee on Article 5 Implementation Date 31 March 2020 Prepared for State Party: South Sudan Contact Person : Jurkuch Barach Jurkuch Position: Chairperson, NMAA Phone : (211)921651088 Email : [email protected] 1 | Page Contents Abbreviations 3 I. Executive Summary 4 II. Detailed Narrative 8 1 Introduction 8 2 Origin of the Article 5 implementation challenge 8 3 Nature and extent of progress made: Decisions and Recommendations of States Parties 9 4 Nature and extent of progress made: quantitative aspects 9 5 Complications and challenges 16 6 Nature and extent of progress made: qualitative aspects 18 7 Efforts undertaken to ensure the effective exclusion of civilians from mined areas 21 # Anti-Tank mines removed and destroyed 24 # Items of UXO removed and destroyed 24 8 Mine Accidents 25 9 Nature and extent of the remaining Article 5 challenge: quantitative aspects 27 10 The Disaggregation of Current Contamination 30 11 Nature and extent of the remaining Article 5 challenge: qualitative aspects 41 12 Circumstances that impeded compliance during previous extension period 43 12.1 Humanitarian, economic, social and environmental implications of the
    [Show full text]
  • General Presentation of Results
    HUMANITARIAN AID ORGANISATION Return-oriented Profiling in the Southern Part of West Darfur and corresponding Chadian border area General presentation of results July 2005 INDEX INTRODUCTION pag. 3 PART 1: ANALYSIS OF MAIN TRENDS AND ISSUES IDENTIFIED pag. 6 Chapter 1: Demographic Background pag. 6 1.1 Introduction pag. 6 1.2 The tribes pag. 8 1.3 Relationship between African and Arabs tribes pag. 11 Chapter 2: Displacement and Return pag. 13 2.1 Dispacement pag. 13 2.2 Return pag. 16 2.3 The creation of “model” villages pag. 17 Chapter 3: The Land pag. 18 3.1 Before the crisis pag. 18 3.2 After the crisis pag. 19 Chapter 4: Security pag. 22 4.1 Freedom of movement pag. 22 4.2 Land and demography pag. 23 PART 2: ANALYSIS OF THE SECTORAL ISSUES pag. 24 Chapter 1: Sectoral Gaps and Needs pag. 24 1.1 Health pag. 24 1.2 Education pag. 27 1.3 Water pag. 32 1.4 Shelter pag. 36 1.5 Vulnerable pag. 37 1.6 International Presence pag. 38 PART 3: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS pag. 42 Annex 1: Maps pag. 45 i Bindisi/Chadian Border pag. 45 ii Um-Dukhun/Chadian Border pag. 46 iii Mukjar pag. 47 iiii Southern West Darfur – Overview pag. 48 Annex 2: Geographical Summary of the Villages Profiled pag. 49 i Bindisi Administrative Unit pag. 49 ii Mukjar Administrative Unit pag. 61 iii Um-Dukhun Administrative Unit pag. 71 iiii Chadian Border pag. 91 iiiii Other Marginal Areas (Um-Kher, Kubum, Shataya) pag. 102 INTRODUCTION The current crisis has deep roots in the social fabric of West Darfur.
    [Show full text]
  • (I): War in South Kordofan
    Sudan’s Spreading Conflict (I): War in South Kordofan Africa Report N°198 | 14 February 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. The Roots of Persistent Conflict ....................................................................................... 3 A. Continued Marginalisation ........................................................................................ 4 B. Changing Ethnic Dynamics ....................................................................................... 8 III. Failure of the CPA ............................................................................................................. 11 IV. Outbreak of Fighting and the Still-born Framework Agreement ................................... 17 V. All-Out Conflict ................................................................................................................ 20 VI. The Humanitarian Crisis .................................................................................................. 27 VII. Regional and Wider
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4. Pastoralism in North Kordofan
    Pastoralism in Practice: MonitoringOn the Livestock Hoof Mobility inLivestock Contemporary Trade Sudan in Darfur http://unep.org/Sudan/ First published in November 2013 by the United Nations Environment Programme © 2013, United Nations Environment Programme First published in September 2012 by the United Nations Environment Programme United© 2012, Nations United EnvironmentNations Environment Programme Programme P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi, KENYA Tel:United +254 Nations (0)20 Environment762 1234 Programme Fax:P.O. +254Box 30552, (0)20 762Nairobi, 3927 KENYA E-mail:Tel: +254 [email protected] (0)20 762 1234 Web:Fax: +254http://www.unep.org (0)20 762 3927 E-mail: [email protected] ThisWeb: publication http://www.unep.org may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication mayThis bepublication made for mayresale be or reproduced for any other in commercialwhole or in purposepart and whatsoever in any form without for educational prior permission or non-profit in writing purposes from UNEP. without special Thepermission contents from of thisthe copyrightvolume do holder not necessarily provided acknowledgement reflect the views of theUNEP, source or contributory is made. No organizations. use of this publication The designations may be made for employedresale or for and any the other presentations commercial do purpose not imply whatsoever the expressions without of prior any permissionopinion whatsoever in writing on from the UNEP. part of The UNEP contents or contributory of this volume organizationsdo not necessarily concerning reflect thethe legalviews status of UNEP, of any or contributorycountry, territory, organizations.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (PDF, 514.70
    SOUTH SUDAN Overview of spontaneous refugee returns 31 August 2019 Spontaneous refugee returnees by Country of Asylum 209,071 Overall Current Month Reported Spontaneous Uganda 92,093 44.0% Refugee Returnees* 3,096 Sudan 54,108 25.9% 15,945 recorded in August 2019 10,634 24.0% Ethiopia 50,220 2,332,097 South Sudanese 1,677 5,215 2.5% Refugees in host countries Kenya as of 30 June 2019 49 4,599 2.2% DRC ** 489 855,962 833,784 2,800 1.3% CAR ** 422,240 36 0.1% 118,067 102,044 Other Sudan Uganda Ethiopia Kenya DRC** ** CAR: Central African Republic; DRC: Democratic Republic of Congo 2019 spontaneous refugee return trend (1 Jan - 31 Aug): 73,085 *** Spontaneous0K refugee returnees50K by State100K of arrival 20,431 Eastern Equatoria 61,430 15,945 Jonglei 44,024 Unity 37,763 Upper Nile 23,919 9,262 Central Equatoria 18,981 6,000 6,480 9,538 4,600 Lakes 15,407 829 Western Bhar Ghazal 3,793 Western Equatoria 2,864 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Northern Bahr Ghazal 470 Warrap 420 ***Historical data might change retroactively due to late reporting and time required to triangulate information Spontaneous Refugee Returnees by county MANYO 11,350 SUDAN RENK 939 MELUT 54 MABAN FASHODA 19,524 UNITY 488 ABYEI 1,052 Upper Nile PARIANG MALAKAL UpperUpperUPPER NileNile ABIEMNHOM PANYIKAG 153 706 NILE 14 1,010 BALIET AWEIL NORTH RUBKONA 211 LONGOCHUK GUIT 293 TWIC MAYOM 18,351 1,077 4,877 319 5,069 FANGAK AWEIL WEST NORTHERN 256 LUAKPINY/NASIR RAGA 43 Northern Bahr el 27,860 1,090 BAHR EL GHAZAL KOCH MAIWUT 1,144 Ghazal GOGRIAL WEST NYIROL ULANG 5,202Unity
    [Show full text]
  • The Drift Back to War Insecurity and Militarization in the Nuba Mountains
    sudanHuman Security Baseline Assessment issue brief Small Arms Survey Number 12 August 2008 The drift back to war Insecurity and militarization in the Nuba Mountains n January 2008, the Sudan People’s South—were declared complete, coin- UNMIS has done little to calm Liberation Army (SPLA) announced ciding with the third anniversary of tensions, in contrast to the active I that it had completed the with- the CPA.6 efforts of the much smaller drawal of its forces from the Nuba The withdrawal of the SPLA from number of unarmed ceasefire Mountains region of South Kordofan1 the Nuba Mountains region feels to monitors, the Joint Military in accordance with the 2005 Compre- many local communities like a hand- Commission (JMC),8 which were hensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The over of the territory to the SAF. It has present from 2002–05. CPA requires Government of Sudan revived local resentment over the CPA, The region has received few tangi- (GoS) and SPLA forces to redeploy increased feelings of insecurity and ble benefits from the CPA, and to their respective sides of the still- neglect, and deepened concern that frustration among the region’s disputed North–South border of government hardliners in Khartoum different constituencies is contrib- 2 1 January 1956. are mobilizing ethnic militias to manipu- uting to heightened insecurity. Like much else in the CPA, the pull- late elections scheduled for 2009. back was far behind schedule. The The Issue Brief examines insecurity The Nuba Mountains region is a SPLA had linked the withdrawal of and militarization in the Nuba Moun- microcosm of the tensions surround- its forces to satisfactory demarcation tains and surrounding areas, a region ing CPA implementation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cow Emerges from the Water : Myths Relating to the Origin of Cattle
    191 THE COW EMERGES FROM THE WATER MYTHS RELATING TO THE ORIGIN OF CATTLE IN THE CHAD BASIN' Ulrich BRAIJKAMPER Frobenius-Institut, Frankfurt , Abstract The region of Lake Chad is one of the earliest and most importantfwusses of cattle-breeding in the Sudanic savanna zone. Today, the area is inhabited by three pastoral groups, the Buduma (Yedina), the Fulbe (Fulani) and the Shuwa Arabs, Who possess Werent breeds of cattle.The Buduma are theold- established population, and their animals have extremely well been adapted to their aquatic habitat. Fulbenomads infiltrated the region from theWest from the 13th century onwards, and Shuwa Arabs reached the plainsWest of the lake in the 18th century, afler they had adopted cattle-breeding from the Fulbe in the eastem Sudanic zone. Among the Fulbe a type of narrative was preserved whichcan be labelled the "cattle-water mythologem". A wide-spread version reports about a water-spirit (djinn) Who impregnated a woman called Bajomanga and becamethe ancestor of the Bororo, the nomadic Fulbe. By that the cattle used to live in the water like hippopotami. The djinn, by employing magical practices, made the cattle come out ofthe water and presented themto his human sons after he had taught them al1 necessary techniques of herding and breeding. The Shuwa adopted the basic pattern of this myth from the Fulbe, but they modified the topic accordingto their specific historical and environmental experiences.It can be concluded that among pastoralists of the Chad basin the "cow-water mythologem" is thusto be regarded as a reflection of real incidents anda core element of theircultural identity.
    [Show full text]