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Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization
Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization: Lessons Learned from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, and the International Telecommunication Union Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, May 1988 Seattle University, Seattle, WA Master of Science in Technical Management, May 1997 The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Master of Arts in International Science and Technology Policy, May 2009 The George Washington University, Washington, DC A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2020 Dissertation directed by Kathryn Newcomer Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of November 26, 2019. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization: Lessons Learned from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, and the International Telecommunication Union Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. Dissertation Research Committee: Kathryn Newcomer, Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration, Dissertation Director Philippe Bardet, Assistant Professor, -
Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR), a High-Performance Material Test Reactor in Cadarache, France
The Swedish-French collaboration on the research reactors ASTRID & JHR Prof. Christophe Demazière Chalmers University of Technology Department of Applied Physics Division of Nuclear Engineering [email protected] Background − the ESS project • ESS: European Spallation Source – a European Union facility. • Will be built in Lund. • Participation of France is formalized in a contract between France and Sweden. • Sweden has to spend 400 MSEK on joint research in subjects relevant to France (energy and environment). • Out of this, 100 MSEK is devoted to fission-based nuclear energy. Background – the European research program • Vision: Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform (SNETP). • Planned facilities: – Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR), a high-performance material test reactor in Cadarache, France. Start of operation: 2014. – MYRRHA facility in Mol, Belgium, a fast spectrum irradiation facility working as an ADS. Start of operation: ca. 2023. – ASTRID (Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration), a prototype Gen-IV sodium-cooled fast reactor to be built in France. Start of operation: ca. 2020. – VHTR, a first-of-a kind Very High Temperature Reactor for, among others, hydrogen production. VR Multi-project Grant in Nuclear Energy Research • 3 multi-grant projects granted by the Swedish Research Council in the spring of 2012 (projects in collaboration with CEA, France – French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission): – DEMO-JHR (coordinator: Prof. Christophe Demazière, Chalmers): 3 PhD projects. – ASTRID -
Presentation Title (On One Or Two Lines)
Energy Business Technology Strategy Yukihiko Kazao Executive Officer and Corporate Senior Vice President Energy Systems & Solutions Company Chief Technology Executive Toshiba Corporation October 18, 2016 © 2016 Toshiba Corporation Energy Business Technology Strategy Pursue clean energy and the related management system グリーンエネルギーの追求とそのマネジメントシステムでand aim to realize sustainable energy for society 持続可能なエネルギー社会の実現を目指す Variable power sources Generate Low carbon Nuclear Hydro- Geothermal Solar Hydrogen thermal power power power power Wind power Transmit Store ・Hydropower ・variable speed Rechargeable batteries Hydrogen water pumps Transformers Short-term Long-term storage storage Transmission Substations Storage and distribution systems Smart use Factories Transport Homes Buildings © 2016 Toshiba Corporation 2 Advancing Toward a Society Supported by Sustainable Energy I. Green energy ・ That pursues the world‘s highest level of safety in nuclear power ・ That aims for zero emissions by introducing high efficiency systems and carbon capture technologies in thermal power ・ That contributes to the stabilization of the power system with hydropower II. Energy management ・ Use next-generation technologies to pursue optimal control of the supply and demand balance Ⅲ. Cutting-edge technologies ・ Lead the world in cutting-edge technologies © 2016 Toshiba Corporation 3 Toshiba Group’s Nuclear Power Plants Global expansion with two reactors offering the world's highest safety levels High capacity BWR: ABWR Innovative PWR: AP1000™ ・ Dynamic + static safety -
Nuclear New Build Must Be Part of the French Economic Recovery Plan
SFEN Position Paper 13.05.2020 Nuclear new build must be part of the French economic recovery plan Introduction Whilst the primary concern remains the management of the COVID-19 health crisis, and successful easing of lockdown measures, recovery of a severely impacted economy is also of major national concern. During the crisis, the French nuclear industry (through its representatives, the CSFN1 and GIFEN2) encouraged an ongoing dialogue with the Government. The objective was to ensure the continuity of the public service of electricity provision, essential both for supplying hospitals and emergency service communications, as well as making teleworking for millions of French people and maintenance of essential services possible. It was also a question of guaranteeing, within the industry itself, the safety of employees, and the economic health of many small companies across the supply chain. As the economy exits from lockdown, it is essential that the economy recover, and governments are preparing ambitious recovery plans. Many economists3,4, several international organisations (World Bank5, International Energy Agency) and expert committees (French High Council for Climate6), have started discussing the criteria that these recovery plans must meet, including objectives to limit the economic and social consequences of the crisis, as well as paving the way for a ‘New World’. If this ‘New World’ is to align economic growth with climate objectives, nuclear power has a central role to play. As the third largest national industrial sector in France, well-established regionally and a strong exporter, the French nuclear industry is one of the engines of recovery. This is particularly true of EDF’s maintenance and investment programme for long-term operation of the nuclear fleet, known 1 CSFN: French Nuclear Industry Strategy Committee 2 GIFEN: French Nuclear Industry Association 3 Thinking post-crisis: reconstruction rather than recovery. -
Appendix C October 8, 2014
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C October 8, 2014 APPENDIX C EVALUATION CRITERIA AND METRICS Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C ii October 8, 2014 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C October 8, 2014 iii CONTENTS C. Evaluation Criteria and Metrics ......................................................................................................... 1 C-1. Nuclear Waste Management Criterion ..................................................................................... 1 C-1.1 Background on Nuclear Waste Management .............................................................. 1 C-1.2 Metric Development for the Nuclear Waste Management Criterion .......................... 5 C-1.3 Mass of SNF+HLW Disposed per Energy Generated ................................................ 6 C-1.4 Activity of SNF+HLW (@100 years) per Energy Generated ..................................... 7 C-1.5 Activity of SNF+HLW (@100,000 years) per Energy Generated .............................. 7 C-1.6 Mass of DU+RU+RTh Disposed per Energy Generated ............................................ 8 C-1.7 Volume of LLW per Energy Generated ...................................................................... 9 References for C-1. ........................................................................................................................... 25 C-2. Proliferation Risk Criterion ................................................................................................... -
The French Approach for the Regulation of Research Reactors
The French approach for the regulation of research reactors D. Conte, A. Chevallier Autorité de sûreté nucléaire, Paris, France Abstract. The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) regulates civil nuclear facilities in France. In addition to the pool of 58 pressurized water reactors ASN also regulates several research reactors which are all unique installations. The regulatory approach for research reactors takes cognisance of the different level of hazard encountered in their operation and hence requires a different approach to the management of safety in comparison with nuclear power reactor operations. For a number of years, ASN has been striving to optimise its regulation of experimental reactors. To ensure the optimum level of safety by focusing on the most important safety issues and allowing the licensee to exercise its full responsibilities through the use of internal authorisations. The internal authorisations system, which has been in operation for several years now with a number of experimental reactors, is designed to achieve this two-fold objective. In addition to the careful use of a new range of tools for its regulatory framework in the research reactors area, ASN has other safety challenges for example the ageing of most of the existing facilities and the licensing of new reactors with a high international profile such as the Jules Horowitz reactor or the ITER fusion reactor. 1. Introduction The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) regulates civil nuclear facilities in France (164). In addition to the pool of 58 pressurized water reactors ASN also regulates research reactors which are all unique installations. Most of the research reactors are operated by the atomic energy commission (CEA). -
Nuclear France Abroad History, Status and Prospects of French Nuclear Activities in Foreign Countries
Mycle Schneider Consulting Independent Analysis on Energy and Nuclear Policy 45, allée des deux cèdres Tél: 01 69 83 23 79 91210 Draveil (Paris) Fax: 01 69 40 98 75 France e-mail: [email protected] Nuclear France Abroad History, Status and Prospects of French Nuclear Activities in Foreign Countries Mycle Schneider International Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy Paris, May 2009 This research was carried out with the support of The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (www.cigionline.org) V5 About the Author Mycle Schneider works as independent international energy nuclear policy consultant. Between 1983 and April 2003 Mycle Schneider was executive director of the energy information service WISE-Paris. Since 2000 he has been an advisor to the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety. Since 2004 he has also been in charge of the Environment and Energy Strategies Lecture of the International Master of Science for Project Management for Environmental and Energy Engineering at the French Ecole des Mines in Nantes, France. In 2007 he was appointed as a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), based at Princeton University, USA (www.fissilematerials.org). In 2006-2007 Mycle Schneider was part of a consultants’ consortium that assessed nuclear decommissioning and waste management funding issues on behalf of the European Commission. In 2005 he was appointed as nuclear security specialist to advise the UK Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM). Mycle Schneider has given evidence and held briefings at Parliaments in Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, UK and at the European Parliament. -
Analysis of Advanced Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Core Designs with Improved Safety Characteristics
Analysis of Advanced Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Core Designs with Improved Safety Characteristics THÈSE NO 5480 (2012) PRÉSENTÉE LE 3 SEPTEMBRE 2012 À LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE BASE LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE DES RÉACTEURS ET DE COMPORTEMENT DES SYSTÈMES PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN ENERGIE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Kaichao SUN acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. R. Schaller, président du jury Prof. R. Chawla, directeur de thèse Dr J. Krepel, rapporteur Dr A. Pautz, rapporteur Prof. J. Wallenius, rapporteur Suisse 2012 Abstract In order to meet the steadily increasing worldwide energy demand, nuclear power is expected to continue playing a key role in electricity production. Currently, the large majority of nuclear power plants are operated with thermal-neutron spectra and need regular fuel loading of enriched uranium. According to the identified conventional uranium resources and their current consumption rate, only about 100 years’ nuclear fuel supply is foreseen. A reactor operated with a fast-neutron spectrum, on the other hand, can induce self-sustaining, or even breeding, conditions for its inventory of fissile material, which effectively allow it – after the initial loading – to be refueled using simply natural or depleted uranium. This implies a much more efficient use of uranium resources. Moreover, minor actinides become fissionable in a fast-neutron spectrum, enabling full closure of the fuel cycle and leading to a minimization of long-lived radioactive wastes. The sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one of the most promising candidates to meet the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) declared goals. -
ID-77-60 Overview of Nuclear Export Policies of Major Foreign Supplier
DCCUMENT FSUME 03705 - B2994241] Overview of Nuclear Export Policies of Major Foreign Supplier Nations. ID-77-60; 9-181963. OctobEr 21, 1977. 19 pp. + 5 appendices (41 pp.). Report b Charles D. Llylander (for J. K. Fasick, Director, International Div.). Issue Area: International Economic and Military Programs: International Security Through Controls Over Weapons and Destructive Elements (607). Contact: International Div. Budget Function: International Affairs: Conduct of Foreign Affairs (152). Organizaticn Concerned: Department of State; Energy Research and Development Administration; Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Export-Import Bank of the United States. Congressional Relevance: House Committee on International Relations; Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Authority: Atomic Eergy Act of 1954, as amended (41 U.S.C. 2011). Energy Reorcanization Act of 1974 (.L. 93-438). Export Administration Act of 1969, as amended. Federal Atomic Fnergy Ccntrol Act [of] 1946. A study of the peaceful nuclear export policies of major foreign supplier nations indicated that the United States faces inreased competition from foreign suppliers. The United States and other supplier nations have reassessed their nuclear export programs and established the Nuclear Suppliers Group. Member nations have adopted some principles as a matter of national policy of future nuclear exports. There are no required international standards for the physical protection of nuclear material and equipment, and although foreign suppliers have procedures for regulating nuclear exports, in ost cases they have no independent regulatory agencies similar to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Findings/Conclusions: In recent years, the U.S. share of the available nuclear export market has decreased markedly. U.S. suppliers received 851 of such orders through 1972, but during the next years the U.S. -
Future Prospects for Nuclear Power in France ⇑ Nadia Maïzi , Edi Assoumou
Applied Energy 136 (2014) 849–859 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apenergy Future prospects for nuclear power in France ⇑ Nadia Maïzi , Edi Assoumou MINES ParisTech, Center for Applied Mathematics, 1 rue Claude Daunesse, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis cedex, France highlights Applies a bottom-up energy system optimization model to define future energy choices. Derive scenarios to explore different combination of nuclear policy and emission target up to 2050. Underline the resulting challenges in term of power capacity renewal rate and flexibility. article info abstract Article history: Taking different nuclear policy options from a French perspective, we look at the issues that we were able Received 15 October 2013 to pinpoint thanks to the TIMES-FR model. The technico-economic analysis supported by the TIMES-FR Received in revised form 5 March 2014 model brings robust lessons, whichever technological options are selected: Accepted 25 March 2014 Available online 9 May 2014 The cliff effect puts the French system ‘‘up against the wall’’: sustained investments must be made to renew electricity production facilities coming to the end of their lives. Keywords: This situation opens up opportunities to all industrial channels, with the main challenge being to sus- Power generation tain an ambitious pace of constructing new capacities and answering specific questions for each of Environment them, such as acceptability and reliability. Climate change In parallel, the current paradigm of increasing electricity consumption is likely to be challenged over the coming decades if environmental issues are still part of public policy. These factors make it possible to consider that the question of political options in terms of long-term energy cannot be restricted to a technological choice and must go beyond pro- or anti-nuclear lobbying. -
Operational and Decommissioning Experience with Fast Reactors
IAEA-TECDOC-1405 Operational and decommissioning experience with fast reactors Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Cadarache, France, 11–15 March 2002 August 2004 IAEA-TECDOC-1405 Operational and decommissioning experience with fast reactors Proceedings of a technical meeting held in Cadarache, France, 11–15 March 2002 August 2004 The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was: Nuclear Power Technology Development Section International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramer Strasse 5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria OPERATIONAL AND DECOMMISSIONING EXPERIENCE WITH FAST REACTORS IAEA, VIENNA, 2004 IAEA-TECDOC-1405 ISBN 92–0–107804–8 ISSN 1011–4289 © IAEA, 2004 Printed by the IAEA in Austria August 2004 FOREWORD The fast reactor, which can generate electricity and breed additional fissile material for future fuel stocks, is a resource that will be needed when economic uranium supplies for the advanced water cooled reactors or other thermal-spectrum options diminish. Further, the fast-fission fuel cycle in which material is recycled offers the flexibility needed to contribute decisively towards solving the problem of growing ‘spent’ fuel inventories by greatly reducing the volume of high level waste that must be disposed of in long term repositories. This is a waste management option that also should be retained for future generations. The fast reactor has been the subject of research and development programmes in a number of countries for more than 50 years. Now, despite early sharing and innovative worldwide research and development, ongoing work is confined to China, France, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation. Information generated worldwide will be needed in the future. -
Audition Sur Les Conséquences De L'arrêt Du Programme ASTRID
Paris, le 25 novembre 2020 Audition sur les conséquences de l’arrêt du programme ASTRID Audition de Madame Valérie Faudon, déléguée générale de la Société française d’énergie nucléaire (Sfen) par les parlementaires de l’Office parlementaire d'évaluation des choix scientifiques et technologiques (OPECST). Tout d’abord je souhaiterais vous remercier, au nom de la Sfen, de nous recevoir aujourd’hui. La Sfen est une société savante, qui rassemble les scientifiques et ingénieurs du nucléaire depuis 1973. Notre raison d’être est de « permettre aux esprits curieux de se faire de nouvelles idées sur le nucléaire » et notre nouvelle signature est « faire avancer le nucléaire ». La décision de l’arrêt du programme ASTRID et de la mise en place d’un nouveau programme structurant « Promouvoir une économie circulaire au sein de la filière » a été actée par la signature du Contrat stratégique de la filière nucléaire le 28 janvier 2019. Pour rappel, le Comité stratégique de la filière nucléaire (CSFN), qui a rédigé ce projet, a, comme tous les comités stratégiques de filière, une configuration tripartite : organisations syndicales – Etat – Industriels. Parmi ces derniers, on peut citer EDF, le CEA, et Orano. Il est important de rappeler qu’il y a eu consensus, au sein des industriels de la filière, sur cet accord. Au niveau de la Sfen, cette décision a d’abord été une déception pour beaucoup de nos adhérents, attachés à l’excellence de la recherche nucléaire française dans le domaine des réacteurs à neutrons rapides. L’avant-projet sommaire (APS) d’ASTRID a reçu en 2016 le grand prix Sfen, qui est la plus haute récompense française en matière de recherche scientifique sur le nucléaire.