Plutonium for Energy? Explaining the Glo1bal Decline of MOX
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Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization
Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization: Lessons Learned from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, and the International Telecommunication Union Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering, May 1988 Seattle University, Seattle, WA Master of Science in Technical Management, May 1997 The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD Master of Arts in International Science and Technology Policy, May 2009 The George Washington University, Washington, DC A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2020 Dissertation directed by Kathryn Newcomer Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of November 26, 2019. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Developing an Intergovernmental Nuclear Regulatory Organization: Lessons Learned from the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Maritime Organization, and the International Telecommunication Union Clarence Eugene Carpenter, Jr. Dissertation Research Committee: Kathryn Newcomer, Professor of Public Policy and Public Administration, Dissertation Director Philippe Bardet, Assistant Professor, -
The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 with Particular Emphasis on Economic Issues
The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2009 With Particular Emphasis on Economic Issues By Mycle Schneider Independent Consultant, Mycle Schneider Consulting, Paris (France) Project Coordinator Steve Thomas Professor for Energy Policy, Greenwich University (UK) Antony Froggatt Independent Consultant, London (UK) Doug Koplow Director of Earth Track, Cambridge (USA) Modeling and Additional Graphic Design Julie Hazemann Director of EnerWebWatch, Paris (France) Paris, August 2009 Commissioned by German Federal Ministry of Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety (Contract n° UM0901290) About the Authors Mycle Schneider is an independent international consultant on energy and nuclear policy based in Paris. He founded the Energy Information Agency WISE-Paris in 1983 and directed it until 2003. Since 1997 he has provided information and consulting services to the Belgian Energy Minister, the French and German Environment Ministries, the International Atomic Energy Agency, Greenpeace, the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, the Worldwide Fund for Nature, the European Commission, the European Parliament's Scientific and Technological Option Assessment Panel and its General Directorate for Research, the Oxford Research Group, and the French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety. Since 2004 he has been in charge of the Environment and Energy Strategies lecture series for the International MSc in Project Management for Environmental and Energy Engineering Program at the French Ecole des Mines in Nantes. In 1997, along with Japan's Jinzaburo Takagi, he received the Right Livelihood Award, also known as the ―Alternative Nobel Prize‖. Antony Froggatt works as independent European energy consultant based in London. Since 1997 Antony has worked as a freelance researcher and writer on energy and nuclear policy issues in the EU and neighboring states. -
The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Crisis Management
e Fukushima Nuclearand Crisis Accident Management e Fukushima The Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Crisis Management — Lessons for Japan-U.S. Alliance Cooperation — — Lessons for Japan-U.S. Alliance Cooperation — — Lessons for Japan-U.S. September, 2012 e Sasakawa Peace Foundation Foreword This report is the culmination of a research project titled ”Assessment: Japan-US Response to the Fukushima Crisis,” which the Sasakawa Peace Foundation launched in July 2011. The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant that resulted from the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, involved the dispersion and spread of radioactive materials, and thus from both the political and economic perspectives, the accident became not only an issue for Japan itself but also an issue requiring international crisis management. Because nuclear plants can become the target of nuclear terrorism, problems related to such facilities are directly connected to security issues. However, the policymaking of the Japanese government and Japan-US coordination in response to the Fukushima crisis was not implemented smoothly. This research project was premised upon the belief that it is extremely important for the future of the Japan-US relationship to draw lessons from the recent crisis and use that to deepen bilateral cooperation. The objective of this project was thus to review and analyze the lessons that can be drawn from US and Japanese responses to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, and on the basis of these assessments, to contribute to enhancing the Japan-US alliance’s nuclear crisis management capabilities, including its ability to respond to nuclear terrorism. -
Appendix C October 8, 2014
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C October 8, 2014 APPENDIX C EVALUATION CRITERIA AND METRICS Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C ii October 8, 2014 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation and Screening – Final Report – Appendix C October 8, 2014 iii CONTENTS C. Evaluation Criteria and Metrics ......................................................................................................... 1 C-1. Nuclear Waste Management Criterion ..................................................................................... 1 C-1.1 Background on Nuclear Waste Management .............................................................. 1 C-1.2 Metric Development for the Nuclear Waste Management Criterion .......................... 5 C-1.3 Mass of SNF+HLW Disposed per Energy Generated ................................................ 6 C-1.4 Activity of SNF+HLW (@100 years) per Energy Generated ..................................... 7 C-1.5 Activity of SNF+HLW (@100,000 years) per Energy Generated .............................. 7 C-1.6 Mass of DU+RU+RTh Disposed per Energy Generated ............................................ 8 C-1.7 Volume of LLW per Energy Generated ...................................................................... 9 References for C-1. ........................................................................................................................... 25 C-2. Proliferation Risk Criterion ................................................................................................... -
The French Approach for the Regulation of Research Reactors
The French approach for the regulation of research reactors D. Conte, A. Chevallier Autorité de sûreté nucléaire, Paris, France Abstract. The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) regulates civil nuclear facilities in France. In addition to the pool of 58 pressurized water reactors ASN also regulates several research reactors which are all unique installations. The regulatory approach for research reactors takes cognisance of the different level of hazard encountered in their operation and hence requires a different approach to the management of safety in comparison with nuclear power reactor operations. For a number of years, ASN has been striving to optimise its regulation of experimental reactors. To ensure the optimum level of safety by focusing on the most important safety issues and allowing the licensee to exercise its full responsibilities through the use of internal authorisations. The internal authorisations system, which has been in operation for several years now with a number of experimental reactors, is designed to achieve this two-fold objective. In addition to the careful use of a new range of tools for its regulatory framework in the research reactors area, ASN has other safety challenges for example the ageing of most of the existing facilities and the licensing of new reactors with a high international profile such as the Jules Horowitz reactor or the ITER fusion reactor. 1. Introduction The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN) regulates civil nuclear facilities in France (164). In addition to the pool of 58 pressurized water reactors ASN also regulates research reactors which are all unique installations. Most of the research reactors are operated by the atomic energy commission (CEA). -
Nuclear France Abroad History, Status and Prospects of French Nuclear Activities in Foreign Countries
Mycle Schneider Consulting Independent Analysis on Energy and Nuclear Policy 45, allée des deux cèdres Tél: 01 69 83 23 79 91210 Draveil (Paris) Fax: 01 69 40 98 75 France e-mail: [email protected] Nuclear France Abroad History, Status and Prospects of French Nuclear Activities in Foreign Countries Mycle Schneider International Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy Paris, May 2009 This research was carried out with the support of The Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI) in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada (www.cigionline.org) V5 About the Author Mycle Schneider works as independent international energy nuclear policy consultant. Between 1983 and April 2003 Mycle Schneider was executive director of the energy information service WISE-Paris. Since 2000 he has been an advisor to the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Reactor Safety. Since 2004 he has also been in charge of the Environment and Energy Strategies Lecture of the International Master of Science for Project Management for Environmental and Energy Engineering at the French Ecole des Mines in Nantes, France. In 2007 he was appointed as a member of the International Panel on Fissile Materials (IPFM), based at Princeton University, USA (www.fissilematerials.org). In 2006-2007 Mycle Schneider was part of a consultants’ consortium that assessed nuclear decommissioning and waste management funding issues on behalf of the European Commission. In 2005 he was appointed as nuclear security specialist to advise the UK Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM). Mycle Schneider has given evidence and held briefings at Parliaments in Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, UK and at the European Parliament. -
Analysis of Advanced Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor Core Designs with Improved Safety Characteristics
Analysis of Advanced Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Core Designs with Improved Safety Characteristics THÈSE NO 5480 (2012) PRÉSENTÉE LE 3 SEPTEMBRE 2012 À LA FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE BASE LABORATOIRE DE PHYSIQUE DES RÉACTEURS ET DE COMPORTEMENT DES SYSTÈMES PROGRAMME DOCTORAL EN ENERGIE ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FÉDÉRALE DE LAUSANNE POUR L'OBTENTION DU GRADE DE DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES PAR Kaichao SUN acceptée sur proposition du jury: Prof. R. Schaller, président du jury Prof. R. Chawla, directeur de thèse Dr J. Krepel, rapporteur Dr A. Pautz, rapporteur Prof. J. Wallenius, rapporteur Suisse 2012 Abstract In order to meet the steadily increasing worldwide energy demand, nuclear power is expected to continue playing a key role in electricity production. Currently, the large majority of nuclear power plants are operated with thermal-neutron spectra and need regular fuel loading of enriched uranium. According to the identified conventional uranium resources and their current consumption rate, only about 100 years’ nuclear fuel supply is foreseen. A reactor operated with a fast-neutron spectrum, on the other hand, can induce self-sustaining, or even breeding, conditions for its inventory of fissile material, which effectively allow it – after the initial loading – to be refueled using simply natural or depleted uranium. This implies a much more efficient use of uranium resources. Moreover, minor actinides become fissionable in a fast-neutron spectrum, enabling full closure of the fuel cycle and leading to a minimization of long-lived radioactive wastes. The sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one of the most promising candidates to meet the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) declared goals. -
Buildup of Nuclear Armament Capability and the Post-War Statehood of Japan
Buildup of Nuclear Armament Capability and the Post-War Statehood of Japan : Fukushima and the Genealogy of Nuclear Bombs and Power Plants Muto, Ichiyo In the battered Fukushima Daiichi nuclear structures, which continue to spew out radiation incessantly, I cannot but identify the presence and activity of a collective human will. Here, I am not using a metaphor. Those living ruins are, in fact, the incarnation of the will of those humans who have built and managed the nuclear regime. The ruins are there only as a material consequence of their actions, which have taken place over decades. During the reign of this nuclear regime, its will was masked by promises of clean energy and a bright future. We were constantly told by the regime and its loyal media that comfort, convenience, prosperity and mass consumption would all be impossible without nuclear power, and we—the majority of society—swallowed this idea whole. Now, however, the true nature of the regime has been revealed for what it is: a heinous beast, so to speak, who poisons whatever it touches and continues its endless destruction of life—and has proven itself to be a near-immortal species that resists with all its might being slain and put to rest. I now realize that before the Fukushima catastrophe, I had only a poor and limited imagination about nuclear power’s actual degree of heinousness. If not as a specialized anti-nuke activist, I, too, was working from the 1970s on the nuclear issue by identifying with the communities who were resisting the construction of nuclear plants. -
Beyond the NPT: a Nuclear-Weapon-Free World
Beyond the NPT: A Nuclear-Weapon-Free World Document prepared on the occasion of the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference INESAP Study Group `Beyond the NPT' Preliminary Findings (April 1995) 1 Imprint Produced and published by: International Network of Engineers and Scientists Against Proliferation (INESAP). INESAP is part of the International Network of Engineers and Scientists for Global Responsi- bility (INES), which at this point comprises more than 60 organizations from 22 countries. Host organisation for main coordinating and editing work: IANUS { Interdisciplinary Research Group in Science, Technology and Security of the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany. Funding: This study was supported mainly by funds from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Founda- tion. Further funds for the work of INESAP were provided by the State of Hesse, and the Berghof Foundation. Numbers printed: 400 in Wiesbaden, Germany; 600 in New York, USA Publication date: April 25, 1995. Redistribution as pdf-file 2005. Copyright: Reprints are encouraged. Please send a reference copy! Addresses: INESAP c/o IANUS, Technical University of Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 4a, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany phone: +49{6151{16{4368/{2316, fax: +49{6151{16{6039 email: [email protected] or [email protected] Homepage: http://www.inesap.org INES, Fehrbelliner Straße 38, D-10119 Berlin phone: +49{30-44010498, fax: +49{30-44010497 email: INES.Offi[email protected] Homepage http://www.inesglobal.com This Version of the document was recompiled Jan. 2005. It is nearly identical with the original publication from 1995, except of some minor differences in typesetting (some text lines may have new page numbers). -
Oversight of Research Reactors in the Southeast of France: ASN Regulatory Experience
Oversight of Research Reactors in the Southeast of France: ASN Regulatory Experience Julien Vieuble, Carole Dormant, Pierre Perdiguier Autorité de Sûreté Nucléaire (French Nuclear Safety Authority), Division de Marseille, 67/69 Avenue du Prado, 13 286 Marseille Cedex 6, France Email of the corresponding author: [email protected] The French Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN), which is an independent administrative authority, is in charge of regulating nuclear safety and radiation protection in order to protect workers, patients, the public and the environment from the risks associated with nuclear activities. ASN also contributes to the public information and the promotion of transparency and openness among stakeholders. The key values of ASN are independence, competence, rigor and transparency, enabling its 450 staff to perform their various duties with the needed legitimacy. ASN’s oversight covers more than 160 civil basic nuclear installations all over France. These installations are of very different varieties and sizes: nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear laboratories, fuel cycle facilities, and at different stages in their lives: conception, construction, operation, dismantling. ASN also oversees the safety of radioactive material transport. The ASN division of Marseille oversees the nuclear civil activities in the southeast area of France, which covers, inter alia, the nuclear site of Marcoule (4 civil nuclear installations) and the nuclear site of Cadarache (20 civil nuclear installations). The French public Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) has nine research reactors currently in operation: six of them are located in the southeast of France, and a new one, the Jules Horowitz reactor (JHR), is under construction on the nuclear site of Cadarache. -
Mycle Schneider Antony Froggatt Yurika Ayukawa Shaun Burnie
uly 2014 J ., D.C ULTING PROJECT ULTING S ON C ondon, Washington, ondon, Washington, L Paris, MYCLE SCHNEIDER A BY Mycle Schneider Antony Froggatt WITH Yurika Ayukawa Shaun Burnie Rafaele Piria Steve Thomas Julie Hazemann FOREWORD Tatsujiro Suzuki V4 Fred & Alice Stanback The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2014 By Mycle Schneider Independent Consultant, Paris, France Project Coordinator and Lead Author Antony Froggatt Independent Consultant, London, U.K. Lead Author With Yurika Ayukawa Professor for Environment & Energy Policy, Chiba University of Commerce, Japan Contributing Author Shaun Burnie Independent Consultant, Hamburg, Germany Contributing Author Raffaele Piria Independent Consultant, Berlin, Germany Contributing Author Steve Thomas Professor for Energy Policy, Greenwich University, U.K. Contributing Author Julie Hazemann Director of EnerWebWatch, Paris, France Documentary Research, Modeling and Graphic Design Foreword by Tatsujiro Suzuki Former Vice-Chairman of the Japan Atomic Energy Commission Paris, London, Washington, D.C., July 2014 A Mycle Schneider Consulting Project Cover page created by Noëlle Papay Mycle Schneider, Antony Froggatt et al. World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2014 1 Acknowledgments The project coordinator wishes to thank his colleague and main co-author Antony Froggatt for his continuous solid contribution to this project. A big thanks to contributing authors Steve Thomas, Yurika Ayukawa, Raffaele Piria and Shaun Burnie for their creative special contributions to this report and their patience with me. The project would not be possible without Julie Hazemann’s countless hours of work on the core database and the graphic illustrations. Thank you. A special thank you to Tatsujiro Suzuki for his thoughtful foreword. Many other people have contributed pieces of work to make this project possible and bring it to the current standard. -
System Thermal-Hydraulic Modelling of the Phénix Dissymmetric Test Benchmark V
System thermal-hydraulic modelling of the phénix dissymmetric test benchmark V. Narcisi, F. Giannetti, A. del Nevo, F. Alcaro, X. Wang, A. Kraus, A. Brunett, J. Thomas, N. Girault, B. Grosjean, et al. To cite this version: V. Narcisi, F. Giannetti, A. del Nevo, F. Alcaro, X. Wang, et al.. System thermal-hydraulic modelling of the phénix dissymmetric test benchmark. Nuclear Engineering and Design, Elsevier, 2019, 353, pp.110272. 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110272. hal-02530000 HAL Id: hal-02530000 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02530000 Submitted on 2 Apr 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License SYSTEM THERMAL-HYDRAULIC MODELLING OF THE PHÉNIX DISSYMMETRIC TEST BENCHMARK V. Narcisi*, F. Giannetti*, A. Del Nevo-, F. Alcaro+, X. Wang°, A. Krausv, A. Brunettv, J. Thomasv, N. Girault⁂, B. Grosjeanx, G. Caruso*, A. Gerschenfeldx * “Sapienza” University of Rome, DIAEE – Nuclear Section, Rome, Italy -Italian National Agency for New Technologies,